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Hydrosanitary projects in residential construction play a crucial role in ensuring an adequate supply of potable water and efficient management of wastewater. In the comprehensive development of engineering processes for these constructions, it is critical to anticipate economic deficits from the planning phase through a precise assessment of probable costs. This study proposes equation models for early estimation of the cost of studies and design hydrosanitary projects in the Norte de Santander region. Budgetary information was gathered from 120 real projects executed in recent years (2017-2021). Projects were categorized into single-family residences, multifamily residences, and other projects (urbanism), and grouped into datasets for analysis using linear, non-linear, multiple, and polynomial regression. Eight cost estimation equations were obtained with minimum p-values and R² > 0.5. Comparative validation of estimated values against actual project costs revealed a similar trend and acceptable correlation, demonstrating the predictive capacity of the equations in cost evaluation. These equations provide valuable support for project managers targeted in this study, facilitating cost analysis and alternative evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study attempts to address the relationship between material waste and change orders in residential building projects implemented in the West Bank in Palestine. The main objectives include: (1) identify the main factors affecting change orders in residential projects, (2) identify the main factors affecting martial waste eon construction sites, (3) address the relationship between change orders and construction material waste, (4) develop prediction model that shows the impact of change orders on material waste. To achieve this, two methods are used: (1) questionnaire survey is conducted to identify the main factors affecting change orders and the major factors of material waste on construction sites. Fourteen (14) factors believed to affect change orders and 15 factors that might affect material waste are investigated in this study. (2) Case study is conducted to address the impact of change orders on material waste. Data collected from 40 residential building projects implemented in the West Bank in Palestine. Regression analysis is used to establish the predictive model that relates the change orders and material waste. Results indicate that the top five factors affecting change orders include: change of project scope by owner, shortage in equipment and materials, change in materials, design mistakes, and change of plans by owner. It also shows that the top five factors affecting material waste are: rework, lack of labors skills, design errors, purchasing materials not complying with specifications, and frequent design changes. The results revealed a strong relationship between number of change orders and construction material waste on site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at identifying the main factors affecting design quality, identifying the main factors affecting material waste and addressing the relationship between design quality and waste on construction sites in residential building projects in Palestine. To identify the main factors of deign quality and material waste, a questionnaire survey is conducted. Fifteen (factors of design quality and 15 factors of material waste are identified from literature review and feedback from local experts. A questionnaire is designed to include these factors. Targeted population included contractors and consultants who have experience in residential projects. Forty-five contractors and 35 consultants rank the identified factors according to their importance. The study reveals that the top factors of design quality are: lack of staff experience, inadequate time given for design, payments delay for design services, owners award bids for lowest price designer and copying and modifying from previous designs. It also indicates the significant factors of material waste). Include: design mistakes, late design changes, rework, lack of labor experience and purchasing materials not complying with specifications. Based on data collected from 33 building projects, a predictive model is established. The model indicates a good relation between material waste and design quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study consists in the detection of changes in buildings with LIDAR technology, for which, changes in buildings are identified, classified and quantified of two study areas mapped by LIDAR sensors, using the direct comparison of multi-temporal points clouds obtained from mapping. The process begins with the correction of errors in point cloud records after two detection methods are applied: the first one is called indirect method due to the transformation of the raster data; the second one is called direct method, of vector type. When quantifying the detected buildings, an important approximation was obtained from both methods concerning the locations of these buildings and, when estimating height and area, the direct method presented higher accuracy. In conclusion, both methods are efficient tools for observation of the real estate dynamics through different time intervals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Order PCM/80/2022, of February 7, modifies Annex II of Royal Decree 1513/2005, of December 16, regarding the assessment and management of environmental noise. These modifications are based on work carried out by the Commission between 2016 and 2020, in which the necessary adaptations in the methods for assessing environmental noise were evaluated. The changes apply to calculation methodologies for road traffic noise, railway traffic noise, industrial noise, and air traffic noise. The objective of the Order is to incorporate Commission Delegated Directive (EU) 2021/1226 into Spanish legislation, adapting Annex II of Royal Decree 1513/2005 to scientific and technical progress. The Order came into effect on February 11, 2022. [Extracted from the article]

This article presents a risk estimation in buildings by landslides triggered by earthquakes and rainfall in the city of Medellin using a Geographic Information System (GIS). For this, a computer model that considers topographic, geological, geotechnical and hydrological characteristics of the study area was implemented to determine landslide hazard by evaluating the stability of slopes using pseudo static Newmark Method, including a probabilistic approach technique based on the first order and second moment --FOSM. The approach for the assessment of physical vulnerability of buildings in the study area was conducted through structural fragility indexes that consider the definition of the level of damage to buildings through event trees using a cadastral inventory data of the municipality of Medellin. The routine calculates the probability of a landslide to occur given that an earthquake produces a horizontal ground acceleration (Ah), considering the uncertainty of the geotechnical parameters and the conditions of soil saturation for the effect of previous rainfall in the area, then multiply such values with the structural fragility indexes values in order to estimate the damage indices of buildings, which are associated with the risk when considering the relevant economic variable to the replacement value of such structures from assessed values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Camagüey's historical center possesses as singularity to be the highier extension of the country with 330 ha. It is constructed in 316 apples, 12 squares and 18 littles squares. There exist 9 992 buildings placed in this sector of the city, of these 42 % possesses historical, architectural or environmental value. Inside the irregular urban plot, where the squares, and the towers of the temples define the urban landscape, the religious digest encloses a high significance characterizing in the great majority a the mentioned spaces, motive by which Camagüey is known from the last times as the city of the churches. It is very important for his historical center to possess two homogeneous sets of high value: San Juan de Dios and El Carmen, symbolized both by the church and the convent. In these sets, besides the religious architecture, the digest is outlined habitacional defined by a high number of buildings, being outlined the examples belonging to the traditional house called of baroque influence, belonging to the XVIIIth century and beginning of the XIXth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]