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This paper presents a study of wave propagation through an infinite periodic structure that consists of elastic Timoshenko beams interconnected with rigid bodies. This is a generalized approach in which the beams are not coaxial and the centre of mass of each rigid body is placed away from the intersection of their neutral axes. An analytical approach is used by applying the transfer matrix method (TMM), along with the Floquet–Bloch theorem for elastic wave propagation. Subsequent parametric analysis is performed with visualization of resulting band diagrams of a representative structure. These results are verified through comparison with solutions obtained using the finite-element method (FEM). In this manner, a comprehensive dynamical analysis of tailored metastructures is provided. This article is part of the theme issue 'Current developments in elastic and acoustic metamaterials science (Part 2)'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we investigate the dynamics of Scholte–Stoneley waves (SSWs) travelling along elastic metasurfaces, e.g. thin resonant structures embedding mechanical oscillators, placed at the interface between solid and fluid. To this purpose, an analytical dispersion law, valid in the long-wavelength regime, is derived and used to reveal the hybridization of SSWs with the collective resonance of the mechanical oscillators and the conversion of SSWs into leaky modes within the fluid. The analytical predictions are validated through numerical simulations that include both dispersive and harmonic analysis. Our findings disclose the capabilities of elastic metasurfaces in filtering, trapping and converting SSWs along fluid–solid interfaces, thus supporting the design of novel devices for solid–fluid interaction across various engineering applications, including microfluidics. This article is part of the theme issue 'Current developments in elastic and acoustic metamaterials science (Part 1)'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetosonic (MS) waves with frequencies above the proton gyrofrequency can be locally generated by ring‐beam protons in the Martian heavy ion‐rich ionosphere. In this study, we conduct a parametric analysis to investigate the effects of heavy ion concentrations, energy (Erb), and angle (αrb) of ring‐beam protons, and wave normal angle on the excitation features of Martian ionospheric MS waves. We find the growth rates and frequency range of MS waves decrease by including O+ and O2+ ions but are insensitive to their relative concentrations. With increasing Erb or αrb, the growth rates of MS waves show a general dropping tendency. Meanwhile, their frequency and wavenumber range are almost unaffected by increasing Erb but shrink to a narrower range mainly distributed in high frequencies by increasing αrb. Unstable MS waves expand to a wider wavenumber range but shrink to a narrower frequency range as they become more oblique. Plain Language Summary: Magnetosonic (MS) waves are highly compressible electromagnetic emissions in space. Generally, they are locally excited by ring‐like hot protons in plasmas that lack heavy ions. However, a recent study reveals that they can also be locally excited by ring‐beam protons in the Martian heavy ion‐rich ionosphere. Motivated by these differences, we conduct a detailed parametric analysis to investigate how the heavy ion concentrations, the energy and angle of ring‐beam protons, and the wave normal angle affect the dispersion relation and growth rate of Martian MS wave. We find that O+ and O2+ ions lower the growth rates and frequency range of MS waves but the effects of their relative concentrations are insignificant. In addition to the heavy ions, the excitation features of MS waves strongly depend on the wave normal angle and the distribution properties of ring‐beam protons. These results deepen our understanding of the MS wave excitation features in the unmagnetized planet environment with plentiful heavy ions. Key Points: O+ and O2+ ions lower the growth rates and frequency range of Magnetosonic (MS) waves but the effects of their relative concentrations are insignificantThe growth rates of MS waves show a general dropping tendency with increasing ring‐beam energy or angleUnstable MS waves expand to a wider wavenumber range but shrink to a narrower frequency range as they become more oblique [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses an analytical method to examine the scattering of a Love wave from an interfacial crack in a thin lossy media (viscoelastic material) that serves as a waveguide layer attached to an unbounded loss-less media (piezoelectric material). The viscoelastic material is modeled using the Kelvin–Voigt equation. Phase velocity and attenuation have been calculated by equating the real and imaginary parts of the dispersion relation to zero, respectively, due to the complex wave number of viscoelastic material. Using the integral transform approach and the dislocation density function, the scattering field close to the crack tip is determined, resulting in a Cauchy singular integral equation of the first type. It has been transformed into a system of linear algebraic equations using Gauss-Chebyshev numerical integration. It has been investigated how frequency, waveguide layer thickness, and viscoelastic material loss factor affect phase velocity and Love wave attenuation. The mode-III dynamic stress intensity factor at the left and right crack-tip is investigated for various thicknesses of the waveguide layer and loss factor of viscoelastic material. The outcomes were verified using numerical data from the COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6 FEA software. The findings are fundamental and could be used in the design of particular sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a study of wave propagation through an infinite periodic structure that consists of elastic Timoshenko beams interconnected with rigid bodies. This is a generalized approach in which the beams are not coaxial and the centre of mass of each rigid body is placed away from the intersection of their neutral axes. An analytical approach is used by applying the transfer matrix method (TMM), along with the Floquet–Bloch theorem for elastic wave propagation. Subsequent parametric analysis is performed with visualization of resulting band diagrams of a representative structure. These results are verified through comparison with solutions obtained using the finite-element method (FEM). In this manner, a comprehensive dynamical analysis of tailored metastructures is provided. This article is part of the theme issue 'Current developments in elastic and acoustic metamaterials science (Part 2)'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes a three-layer waveguide made of chiral metamaterials separated by the graphene interface. The interface consists of three graphene monolayers with a thickness 0.34 nm, so the interface thickness is 1.02 nm. Mathematical formulas are derived for dispersion relations and power flux of guided waves for hybrid odd and even modes at right and left circular polarizations. Power profiles in the waveguide regions are potted and discussed. The work aims to investigate changes that occur due to the graphene presence as an interface in the chiral slab waveguide. It is shown that graphene properties affect the light propagation, which, in turn, provides a disappearance of the fundamental odd mode. The power flux through the waveguide shows a significant effect due to the presence of graphene and chirality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dispersion error is currently the dominant error for computed solutions of wave propagation problems with high-frequency components. In this paper, we define and give explicit examples of interior \alpha -dispersion-relation-preserving schemes, of interior order of accuracy 4, 5, 6, and 7, with a complete methodology to construct them. These are dual-pair finite-difference schemes for systems of hyperbolic partial differential equations which satisfy the summation-by-parts principle and preserve the dispersion relation of the continuous problem uniformly to an \alpha \% error tolerance for their interior stencil. We give a general framework to design provably stable finite-difference operators whose interior stencil preserves the dispersion relation for hyperbolic systems such as the elastic wave equation. The operators we derive here can resolve the highest frequency (π-mode) present on any equidistant grid at a tolerance of % lessapprox 5% maximum error within the interior stencil, with minimal extra stencil points. As standard finite-difference schemes have a 100\% dispersion error for high-frequency components, fine meshes must be used to resolve these components. Our derived schemes may compute solutions with the same accuracy as traditional schemes on far coarser meshes, which in high dimensions significantly improves the computational cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multilayered van der Waals (vdW) materials have attracted increasing interest because of the manipulability of their superior optical, electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. A mass-spring model (MSM) for elastic wave propagation in multilayered vdW metamaterials is reported in this paper. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are adopted to simulate the propagation of elastic waves in multilayered vdW metamaterials. The results show that the graphene/MoS2 metamaterials have an elastic wave bandgap in the terahertz range. The MSM for the multilayered vdW metamaterials is proposed, and the numerical simulation results show that this model can well describe the dispersion and transmission characteristics of the multilayered vdW metamaterials. The MSM can predict elastic wave transmission characteristics in multilayered vdW metamaterials stacked with different two-dimensional (2D) materials. The results presented in this paper offer theoretical help for the vibration reduction of multilayered vdW semiconductors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foraging for resources is an essential process for the daily life of an ant colony. What makes this process so fascinating is the self-organization of ants into trails using chemical pheromone in the absence of direct communication. Here we present a stochastic lattice model that captures essential features of foraging ant dynamics inspired by recent agent-based models while forgoing more detailed interactions that may not be essential to trail formation. Nevertheless, our model’s results coincide with those presented in more sophisticated theoretical models and experiments. Furthermore, it captures the phenomenon of multiple trail formation in environments with multiple food sources. This latter phenomenon is not described well by other more detailed models. We complement the stochastic lattice model by describing a macroscopic PDE which captures the basic structure of lattice model. The PDE provides a continuum framework for the first-principle interactions described in the stochastic lattice model and is amenable to analysis. Linear stability analysis of this PDE facilitates a computational study of the impact various parameters impart on trail formation. We also highlight universal features of the modeling framework that may allow this simple formation to be used to study complex systems beyond ants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is widely used for numerical simulations of electromagnetic waves and acoustic waves. It is known, however, that the Courant condition is restricted in higher dimensions and with higher order differences in space. Although it is possible to relax the Courant condition by utilizing the third-degree difference in space, there remains a large anisotropy in the numerical dispersion at large Courant numbers. This study aims to reduce the anisotropy in the numerical dispersion and relax the Courant condition simultaneously. A new third-degree difference operator including the Laplacian is introduced to the time-development equations of FDTD(2,4) with second- and fourth-order accuracies. The present numerical simulations have demonstrated that numerical oscillations due to the anisotropic dispersion relation are reduced with the new operator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the Surface Plasmon Polariton (SPP) dispersion relation in the TM polarization for the plane interface between a homogeneous dielectric medium (with constant εd) and a gradedpermittivity (i.e. nonhomogeneous) plasmonic medium (with dielectric function εp(z)) is obtained where ‘z’ is normal coordinate to the interface. For small variation of εp(z) it is revealed that the dispersion relation is related to the derivative of εp(z) at the interface and when εp becomes constant or when its derivative at the interface is zero the well-known dispersion relation for homogeneous plasmonic medium is obtained. For the case where εp(z) depends linearly on z, the dispersion relation is obtained. It is seen that two branches appear. The upper branch has a free-space-like behavior at small wavenumbers. Inclusion of frequency dependence in the εp(z) through Drude model, reveals that the upper branch has negative-value group velocity at intermediate wavenumbers. The results show that non-homogeneity of the plasmonic medium offers a good tunability to control dispersion relation and SPP group velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, an elastic foundation is used to study the characteristics of flexural edge waves propagating on a piezoelectric structure. The nonlocal elasticity theory is introduced to investigate the microscale effect on edge wave propagation. The traditional Kirchhoff plate hypothesis is used to determine the kinematics of the piezoelectric plate. By considering the sinusoidal waveform, a closed-form dispersion relation can be obtained. In the context of a flexural edge wave on a piezoelectric plate, an analytical and graphical comparison between the two boundary conditions (i.e. short circuit and open circuit) is discussed. In the presence of nonlocal elasticity, the dispersion relation is implied as an implicit function of frequency and wave number. A significant difference occurred between the dispersion curves for piezoelectric plates with different foundations and nonlocal parameters. Due to the Pasternak elastic foundation, an increasing rate of the fundamental mode of frequency is observed at the traction-free edge of a thin, semi-infinite piezoelectric plate. In contrast, the nonlocal elasticity tends to decrease this fundamental frequency mode for a particular wave number value. The corresponding phase velocity decreases rapidly within a short range of wave numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagers are active microwave sensors that could overcome many challenges of passive optical bathymetry inversion, yet their capacity to yield accurate high-resolution bathymetric mapping is not studied sufficiently. In this study, we evaluate the feasibility of applying fast Fourier transform (FFT) to SAR data in coastal nearshore bathymetry derivation in Florida's coastal waters. The study aims to develop a robust SAR bathymetry inversion framework across extensive spatial scales to address the dearth of bathymetric data in deeper nearshore coastal regions. By leveraging the Sentinel-1 datasets as a rich source of training data, our method yields high-resolution and accurate depth extraction up to 80 m. A comprehensive workflow to determine both the wavelength and peak wave period is associated with the proposed automated model compilation. A novel contour geometry-based spectral analysis technique for wavelength retrieval is presented that enables an efficient and scalable SAR bathymetry model. Multi-date SAR images were used to assess the robustness of the proposed depth-retrieval model. An accuracy assessment against the GMRT data demonstrated the high efficacy of the proposed approach, achieving a coefficient of determination ( R 2 ) above 0.95, a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 1.56–10.20 m, and relative errors of 3.56–11.08% in automatically extracting the underwater terrain at every 50 m interval. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to estimate the uncertainty associated with our method. Overall, this study highlights the potential of SAR technology to produce updated, cost-effective, and accurate bathymetry maps of high resolution and to fill bathymetric data gaps worldwide. The code and datasets are made publicly available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper theoretically investigates the influence of homo- and hetero-junctions on the propagation characteristics of radially propagated cylindrical surface acoustic waves in a piezoelectric semiconductor semi-infinite medium. First, the basic equations of the piezoelectric semiconductor semi-infinite medium are mathematically derived. Then, based on these basic equations and the transfer matrix method, two equivalent mathematical models are established concerning the propagation of radially propagated cylindrical surface acoustic waves in this piezoelectric semiconductor semi-infinite medium. Based on the surface and interface effect theory, the homo- or hetero-junction is theoretically treated as a two-dimensional electrically imperfect interface in the first mathematical model. To legitimately confirm the interface characteristic lengths that appear in the electrically imperfect interface conditions, the homo- or hetero-junction is equivalently treated as a functional gradient thin layer in the second mathematical model. Finally, based on these two mathematical models, the dispersion and attenuation curves of radially propagated cylindrical surface acoustic waves are numerically calculated to discuss the influence of the homo- and hetero-junctions on the dispersion and attenuation characteristics of radially propagated cylindrical surface acoustic waves. The interface characteristic lengths are legitimately confirmed through the comparison of dispersion and attenuation curves calculated using the two equivalent mathematical models. As piezoelectric semiconductor energy harvesters usually work under elastic deformation, the establishment of mathematical models and the revelation of physical mechanisms are both fundamental to the analysis and optimization of micro-scale surface acoustic wave resonators, energy harvesters, and acoustic wave amplification based on the propagation of surface acoustic waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a complete lattice study of thorium telluride (ThTe) in the effects of three-body interaction (TBI) in the framework of RIM and RSM models is reported. By use of the present model, I have theoretically reported elastic constants, pressure derivatives, dispersion relation curve, specific heat curve, combined density of states (CDS) and equation of state of the ThTe compound. The achieved results are good with experimentally reported results and have given very important information about this compound for further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the analytical properties of dispersion relations of the equation of internal gravity waves with benchmark and arbitrary distributions of buoyancy frequency are investigated. To solve the problem analytically, the benchmark distribution of the buoyancy frequency is used, which is known from applied oceanological calculations in the presence of seasonal thermocline. Implicit forms of dispersion dependences are obtained; they are expressed through the Bessel function of real index. For nonzero wave numbers, an asymptotic method of studying the dispersion relation is proposed based on constructing uniform asymptotics of the Bessel functions for large values of real index and argument, expressed through the Airy functions. For an arbitrary distribution of buoyancy frequency, the asymptotic representations of dispersions relationships at small wavenumbers are obtained by means of the perturbation method and the WKB method. The solutions constructed in this work allow further computing the amplitude-phase characteristics for the fields of internal gravity waves with benchmark and arbitrary distributions of the buoyancy frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A gradient-type theory with flexomagnetic/flexoelectric and micro-inertia effects is used to study Love wave propagation in the layered magneto-electro-elastic structures. Two waveguide structures are considered: flexo-piezoelectric layer deposited on the piezomagnetic half-space and flexo-piezomagnetic layer resting on the piezoelectric half-space. The dispersion equations are numerically investigated for the magneto-electrically open and short circuit conditions. It is concluded that the profile of dispersion curves depends on the material composition of the waveguide structure, the guiding layer thickness, and the relative values of flexomagnetic/flexoelectric coefficients and the micro-inertia length-scale parameter. The obtained results are helpful for mathematical modeling of new small-sized acoustic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to the fact that waves have been proven in different plasma environments, they have also been investigated under different physical regimes. In this research, the propagation of electromagnetic waves in quantum semiconductor plasma in the presence of a uniform external magnetic field was investigated using the quantum hydro magnetism model. The researches that have been done so far about these waves have mostly been done in classical or relativistic regimes. Some cases have been studied to study linear waves in quantum plasma, taking into account the quantum Bohm potential without investigating the effect of the spin characteristics of plasma particles. In addition to the simultaneous study of spin and quantum effects of semiconductor plasma components, exchange-correlation relationships have not been found in any research, and the most important novelty of the present work can be considered the addition of these relationships together. The obtained results show that the effects of quantum and external magnetic fields have a significant effect on the scattering of hydromagnetic waves, which causes the appearance of nonlinear terms in the scattering relationship. By increasing the linear part of the electron spin in the sputtering relation, some relations have been modified, including the Alfven velocity. On the other hand, the effect of electron spin leads to the reduction of the effect of other quantum potentials on the scattering of waves. In the end, some special states of classical and quantum systems are also discussed. Considering the limit states, the results of the present work are exactly similar to the results of other researchers, and this can be a self-confirmation of the obtained results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is shown that the continuum limit of the metamaterial mass-in-mass model with additional attached mass describes not only the appearance of the additional band gap but also variations in the width and the position of the band gaps. These variations are governed by the key parameter—the stiffness ratio of the attached masses. Numerical study of periodic boundary excitation of the harmonic waves reveals suppression of the harmonic waves for the frequencies lying inside the both band gap areas. Also it is found that harmonic waves recover differently for the frequencies below and above the band gap values. The control mechanism is developed based on the abrupt variation of the stiffness ratio. It gives rise to the arising of phase shift of the wave, its suppression or recovery of the previously suppressed harmonic wave. Nonlinear long wavelength generalization of the model results in obtaining the model equation whose coefficients differ from those of the usual nonlinear mass-in-mass model. It gives rise to propagation of the localized wave with another amplitude and velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collective bulk excitation propagating in the medium of a quark‐gluon plasma are studied. The quark‐gluon plasma medium is described with two different models to investigate the effect of binary collisions and shear viscosity to account for damping and non‐ideality. To find the dispersion relation the longitudinal dielectric functions of the quark‐gluon plasma are used within quantum hydrodynamics and transport equation approaches. The results were obtained numerically by finding the roots of the dispersion relations. Both models are compared with the hard thermal loop approximation as the ideal case for both models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New results of experiments on studying the influence of a floating thin plate on regularization of a standing gravity Faraday wave on the free water surface in a rectangular vessel are given. It is shown that an increase in the thickness of the floating plate significantly affects both the natural frequency of oscillations of the hydroelastic system and the shape of the profiles of the observed standing flexural-gravity waves. When the plate thickness is below the critical value, the waveform is described by the theory of non-linear gravity waves; at large thicknesses, the "dry beam" approximation should be used as approximating dependencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The linear temporal instability of the confined curved liquid film formed by a liquid jet impinging on a curved wall has been investigated. The corresponding dispersion relation between the non-dimensional wave growth rate and wave number was derived. The dispersion relation further involves the influences of the local radius of curvature and the azimuthal angle of the liquid film. The dispersion relation could be verified with previous researches, and the optimal wavelength has been verified with experiments. Temporal stability analysis shows that the effects of gas-to-liquid velocity ratio, gas-to-liquid density ratio, the relative thickness of the liquid phase to the gas phase, and azimuthal wave number are similar to previous researches, but the unstable ranges are smaller than that in previous researches. This paper further studied the effects of the local radius of curvature and azimuthal angle of the liquid film. As the local radius of curvature decreases, the instability of confined curved films increases for the given conditions. And both the growth rate and instability range increase with the increase of the azimuthal angle. The solutions would be helpful to understand the atomization process of the liquid film formed by a liquid jet impinging on a curved wall. • The dispersion relation involves the influences of the local radius of curvature and azimuthal angle of the film. • The dispersion relation has been verified with experiments. • As the local radius of curvature decreases, the instability of films increases. • Both the growth rate and instability range increase with the increase of the azimuthal angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elastic metamaterials are man-made materials engineered with the purpose of inducing atypical bulk elastic properties. To model a type of elastic metamaterial with local rotational effects, a new two-dimensional continuum model which incorporates local rotation as a scalar field superposed on the translational displacement fields is utilized. This paper provides a comprehensive study of surface wave propagation in this new continuous medium. Unlike the classical Rayleigh wave, the surface wave in this new medium is dispersive. An explicit dispersion relation is obtained, and a closed-form solution of the dispersion curve is derived. The dispersion relation is then used to evaluate the general behaviour of the surface wave. It is found that even for the cases where the effect of local rotation is relatively weak, the surface wave still clearly shows dispersion. The phase velocity of the surface wave falls mostly between the classical Rayleigh wave and the shear wave, especially for cases where the effect of local rotation is weak. In addition to the classical Rayleigh wave, there exists another surface wave which possesses a wavespeed depending only on local rotational parameters. It was also found that particles residing on the free surface of the material move in an elliptical fashion similar to that of classical Rayleigh wave propagation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract There is an increasing interest in the study of metamaterials and periodic materials across disciplines. These are anisotropic and their properties present directionality. For example, the wave speed depends on the propagation direction. Furthermore, they are heterogeneous, and their directionality depends on their spectra. Common approaches to describe anisotropy have been used in the large-wavelength approximation corresponding to static properties. Here we present an anisotropy measure based on the dynamic behavior. It receives dispersion surfaces from Bloch analyses and outputs a curve/surface with bulk directionality encoded on it. We present results for elastodynamics, but it is applicable to other phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper investigates the band structure of an axially moving belt resting on a foundation with periodically varying stiffness. It is concluded that the band gaps appear when the divergence of the eigenvalue occurs and the veering phenomenon of mode shape begins. The bifurcation of eigenvalues and mode shape veering lead to wave attenuation. Hence, the boundary stiffness modulation can be designed to manipulate the band gap where the vibration is suppressed. The contribution of the system parameters to the band gaps has been obtained by applying the method of varying amplitudes. By tuning the stiffness, the desired band gap can be obtained and the vibration for specific parameters can be suppressed. The current study provides a technique to avoid vibration transmission of the axially moving material by designing the foundation stiffness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Novel mathematical model for wave-particle drag effects in semiconductor plates. • Extended Mindlin method for coupled flexoelectric semiconductor plates. • Explicit coupling mechanisms in different waves (extensional, thickness-stretch, bending, and thickness-shear). • New 3D dispersion relations for Lamb waves in flexoelectric semiconductor plates. • New analytical and simple solutions with high accuracy at small wavenumbers. In this paper, the infinite power series of two-dimensional (2D) differential equations for flexoelectric semiconductor plates are derived by extending the Mindlin method. The zeroth-order and first-order theories are systematically presented and applied to the plate made of cubic crystals of class m3m, identifying explicitly the coupling among wave modes and charge distributions. More specifically, it is observed that the extensional and thickness-stretch waves are coupled with axial motions of free carriers; bending and fundamental shear are coupled with the thickness motions of free carriers, showing the dynamic phenomena of the flexoelectric electronic (flexoelectronic) effect; and the shear-horizontal waves, such as face-shear and thickness-twist, are decoupled. Furthermore, when comparing with the three-dimensional (3D) dispersion relations in the flexoelectric semiconductor plate which are also derived for the first time in this paper, the simple 2D theory is shown to be amazingly accurate. For instance, for an infinite plate of thickness 2 h = 0.2 µm, the extension, bending, and shear modes predicted from the present 2D theory agree well with the 3D benchmarks when the actual wavelength is larger than 1.26 µm, i.e., wavelength is at least more than six times of the thickness. To illustrate the flexoelectricity-based wave-particle drag effects, the wave modes and charge distributions are plotted. Due to its simplicity and computational efficiency, the present 2D theory provides us a powerful tool in understanding the physical mechanism of wave-particle drag in flexoelectric semiconductor plates and analyzing acoustoelectric devices when the flexoelectric effect is involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The numerical study of surface plasmon polaritons in a chiroplasma–graphene planar structure is presented. The Kobo formulism is utilized for modeling of graphene's conductivity, and certain type of boundary conditions is employed to obtain the dispersion relation for the proposed waveguide structure. The electromagnetic wave theory is used to solve the numerical problem. The effective mode index is studied for the different values of chiroplasma features (i.e., plasma frequency, cyclotron frequency, and chirality are studied in a certain frequency region). It is concluded that chirality has strong influence on attenuation phase constant against incident wave frequency. Furthermore, the normalized field distributions of the graphene medium are also presented for the proposed waveguide. Graphene layer offers additional degree of freedom as compared to conventional plasmonic materials to fabricate the compact nanophotonic circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ion beam‐dusty plasma interaction leads to significant changes in the dispersion relation of shear Alfven wave depending on the beam, dust grain, and plasma parameters. Hydrogen ion beam particles interact with the shear Alfven wave via cyclotron interaction when they counter‐propagate with the wave and they can also interact with the co‐propagating wave via Cerenkov interaction. The interaction causes beam as well as plasma density fluctuations and gives rise to perpendicular currents. We have analytically obtained the dispersion relation and the growth/damping rate expressions for obliquely propagating shear Alfven waves in dusty plasma. The effect of beam velocity, magnetic field, wave number, dust particle density, and dust charge fluctuations are discussed. It is shown that both the wave frequency and the maximum growth rate decrease with an increase in beam velocity and the variations are different for parallel and perpendicular wave numbers. The dust particles enhance the frequency and maximum growth rate while the dust charge fluctuations induce damping. The results are in good agreement with the experimental observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Properties of dispersion relations for two new fully nonlinear weakly dispersive shallow water models are studied. For these models, it is possible to use certain parameters to obtain the fourth, sixth, or eighth order of accuracy of phase velocity approximation of the three-dimensional potential flow model. For the hierarchy of shallow water models, with the assumption of slight changes in the bottom shape, formulas are obtained that establish a relationship between the variation rate of the wave amplitude and that of the fluid layer thickness; also, the dependences of the amplitude and length of an incoming wave on the water region depth are derived. It is shown that the new model of the fourth-order long-wave approximation with the eighth order of accuracy of the dispersion relation provides the best approximation of considered characteristics in the case of bottoms of both horizontal and variable shape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Two-stream Instability (TSI) generation is studied analytically in the lunar ionosphere. The TSI is a tiny perturbation in the electron plasma density, due to which an electric field grows with time and this growth is facilitated by the electron plasma in the background. In lunar ionosphere, the TSI comes into existence when the solar wind interacts unhindered with the tenuous lunar electron plasma in the surface bound exosphere. In this study, the conditions which allow the TSI to form and the subsequent instability growth with time i.e. the growth factor, is estimated. Initially, the threshold condition for the TSI to take place is determined. Thereafter, the solar wind and lunar plasma parameter contribution to trigger TSI is investigated along with the effect of these parameters in the evolution of TSI. The plasma TSI evolution with the passage of time is also depicted in phase space diagram with Particle-In-Cell simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noble metal nanoparticles have attracted attention in recent years due to a number of their exciting applications in plasmonic applications, e.g., in sensing, high-gain antennas, structural colour printing, solar energy management, nanoscale lasing, and biomedicines. The report embraces the electromagnetic description of inherent properties of spherical nanoparticles, which enable resonant excitation of Localized Surface Plasmons (defined as collective excitations of free electrons), and the complementary model in which plasmonic nanoparticles are treated as quantum quasi-particles with discrete electronic energy levels. A quantum picture including plasmon damping processes due to the irreversible coupling to the environment enables us to distinguish between the dephasing of coherent electron motion and the decay of populations of electronic states. Using the link between classical EM and the quantum picture, the explicit dependence of the population and coherence damping rates as a function of NP size is given. Contrary to the usual expectations, such dependence for Au and Ag NPs is not a monotonically growing function, which provides a new perspective for tailoring plasmonic properties in larger-sized nanoparticles, which are still hardly available experimentally. The practical tools for comparing the plasmonic performance of gold and silver nanoparticles of the same radii in an extensive range of sizes are also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quasi-magnetostatic (briefly, magnetostatic) microwaves propagation in a long, circular cross-section waveguide made of an anisotropic uniaxial μ -negative medium (here, a metamaterial consisting of split-ring resonators) is studied by using the quasi-static Maxwell's equations. Such waves do not exist in a circular dielectric waveguide made of an isotropic μ -negative medium. A Laplace equation for the magnetostatic potential of the system is obtained and solved. We derive the dispersion relation for the modes and present numerical solutions. Also, general expressions are derived and illustrated graphically for the power flow and the energy density of the different magnetostatic modes. Physically, these magnetostatic waves owe their existence to the anisotropic property of the system, where in the absence of this property, they disappear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper uses mathematical analysis to investigate Rayleigh wave transference in an orthotropic layer. The considered model comprises an orthotropic layer covering a homogeneous isotropic micropolar half-space. The surface of the layer and the interface of the two media are taken to be corrugated. The dispersion relation is obtained in the determinant form, which describes the reliance of Rayleigh wave velocity on wave number. Some particular cases have also been deduced and are found to match existing results. The primary outcome of the present study is that the corrugation present in the structure has an influential impact on the velocity of the propagating wave. This impact has been presented through graphs. Moreover, the dynamic response of the layer's height, elastic constant, material density of the orthotropic material, and micropolarity associated with the half-space on the phase velocity of Rayleigh waves have also been shown with the aid of graphs. The present paper finds its applications in the theoretical study of surface wave transference in anisotropic elastic structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the method of different scales, formulas for the hydrodynamic fields of acoustic-gravity waves (AGWs) with vertical wavelengths that are small compared to the scales of changes in the background temperature and wind fields are derived. These formulas are equivalent to the conventional WKB approximation, but explicitly include the vertical gradients of the background fields. The conditions for the applicability of the formulas for describing the propagation of AGWs from the troposphere to the thermosphere are formulated and analyzed. The absence of singular points (critical levels) in the equations for wave modes in the analyzed height range is one of the conditions for the applicability of approximate formulas. For the wind from the empirical HWM model, singular points are often located below 200 km and are typical for internal gravity waves (IGWs) with lengths on the order of 10 km. As the wavelength increases, the number of singular points decreases. For IGWs with scales on the order of 300 km or more, there are usually no singular points. It is shown that IGWs with periods of less than 20 min propagating upward from tropospheric heights usually have one turning point in the altitude range from 100 to 130 km. The formulas are useful, in particular, for parametrizing the effects of AGWs in numerical models of atmospheric dynamics and energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of composite materials, especially metamaterials, spatiotemporal nonlocal continuum models for overall dynamics of composites have made enormous progress in recent years, which naturally contain intrinsic space and time scales, and provide a favorable platform to explore the microstructural effects. In this paper, the microstructural effects on the overall dynamics of unidirectional composites are investigated via a mechanism-based spatiotemporal nonlocal model. We first identify the intermediate quantities including the intrinsic length and nonlocal attenuation function and explore their correlations to the microstructural parameters. Then analytical solutions of the mechanism-based spatiotemporal nonlocal model are derived to manifest the overall dynamics of composites. Finally, the microstructural effects on the dispersion relation, the dynamic Green's functions and the dynamic responses in the space-time domain are quantitatively depicted by explicit expressions. Since the intrinsic length and nonlocal attenuation function have always been two fundamental issues in nonlocal continuum theories, the results give some insights into their physical mechanisms in the context of composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A constructive link between Willis' method and the two-scale asymptotic method. • Effective impedance tensor characterizing Willis' effective elastodynamic law. • Recursion formula for solving the hierarchical motion equations issuing from asymptotic analysis. Two-scale asymptotic method and Willis' method are jointly examined for the elastodynamic homogenization of periodic composites. The effective elastodynamic constitutive law given by Willis' method, non-local both in time and space, is first reformulated so as to make appear a compact expression for the effective impedance tensor characterizing it. The two-scale asymptotic method is then revisited by exploiting the fact that the results obtained by it constitute an approximation to the general ones delivered by Willis' method. The solutions for the hierarchical motion equations issuing from asymptotic analysis are shown to admit a compact recursive representation. A generic compact expression is derived for the effective impedance tensor associated with the n th-order approximation of asymptotic analysis. Remarkably, this expression turns out to be formally identical to the one of the effective impedance tensor obtained via Willis' method. As an example of illustration, the elastodynamic homogenization of a layered composite undergoing anti-plane shear is investigated in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The acoustic characteristics of a cylindrical viscoelastic tube of finite length with a radially fixed outer surface replacing the hexagonal unit cell of a segment of a micro-inhomogeneous medium with cylindrical channels are calculated. The least-action principle and the hypothesis of plane sections are applied. A dispersion relation for longitudinal sound waves in a tube is found, which coincides with the approximations of the exact dispersion relation and has a form typical of micro-inhomogeneous resonant media. From a suitable approximation of the results of known measurements of the reduced input conductance of "semi-infinite" samples, the frequency dependence of the complex shear modulus of the rubber used is found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solitons are known to play the role of elementary excitations for one-dimensional ordered systems, like atomic chains with charge or spin ordering. The main characteristic of solitons is their dispersion relation, dependence of soliton energy on the linear momentum. Topological kink-type solitons are the simplest and most important for the description of many physical properties of one-dimensional magnets. Here we provide a detailed analysis of solitons in some general class of magnets, ferrimagnets with the spin compensation point. The nonlinear spin dynamics of ferrimagnets are examined using a nonlinear sigma-model for the antiferromagnetic vector, which is a generalization of the Landau-Lifshitz equation for ferromagnets and sigma-model for the antiferromagnets. The characteristic features of this equation are governed by the value of the compensation parameter, describing the rate of compensation of spins of sublattices. The dispersion relation for kink-type solitons appears to be quite nontrivial, including periodic dispersion law for continuum model of magnet or the presence of ending point for kink spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linear localized waves evolution in a discrete mass-in-mass lattice is studied. The presence of the attached mass in the model contributes to dispersion giving rise to appearance of both the acoustic and optic wave modes. Important features of the waves are described using the dispersion relation, which is obtained in a continuum limit of the original discrete equations using a harmonic wave solutions. We study numerically the localized initial perturbations evolution and compare the features of the numerical solutions with those obtained for the analytical harmonic wave ons. We have found differences in the wave dynamics depending on the parameters of the initial conditions. One scenario describes almost permanent shape and velocity counterpart localized waves propagation with oscillating standing wave around the position of the initial pulse. Another wave evolution accounts for a decrease in the moving wave amplitude with the developing oscillating tail behind the localized wave. Contrary to the periodic analytical solution, no evidence of a band gap is found in the simulations of localized waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider acoustic wave propagation through a periodic array of the inclusions of arbitrary shape. The inclusion size is much smaller than the array period while the wavelength is fixed. We derive and rigorously justify the dispersion relation for general frequencies and show that there are exceptional frequencies for which the solution is a cluster of waves propagating in different directions with different frequencies so that the dispersion relation cannot be defined uniquely. Examples are provided for the spherical inclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A class of problems of wave propagation in waveguides consisting of one or several layers that are characterized by linear variation of the squared refractive index along the normal to the interfaces between them is considered in this paper. In various problems arising in practical applications, it is necessary to efficiently solve the dispersion relations for such waveguides in order to compute horizontal wavenumbers for different frequencies. Such relations are transcendental equations written in terms of Airy functions, and their numerical solutions may require significant computational effort. A procedure that allows one to reduce a dispersion relation to an ordinary differential equation written in terms of elementary functions exclusively is proposed. The proposed technique is illustrated on two cases of waveguides with both compact and non-compact cross-sections. The developed reduction method can be used in applications such as geoacoustic inversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bounded plasma occur in waveguide of nanodevices with dielectric boundaries and the dimension of nanodevices control the frequency of oscillation and particle acceleration. A system with cylindrical bounded quantum plasma is used to study the electrostatic wave instability in the presence of magnetic field. Bohm potential, exchange-correlation potential and Fermi pressure significantly affect the characteristic frequency of oscillation of particle in bounded plasma. Using quantum hydrodynamic model, basic equations of cylindrical bounded quantum plasma are constructed and linearized under the effect of ionization rate. Dispersion relation for growing waves is obtained, which shows dependence on ionization rate, magnetic field, number density, wave vector and geometry of cylindrical waveguide. We investigated that growth rate increases with magnetic field, ionization rate, number density and poles of Bessel’s function, whereas it decreases with wave vector and radius of waveguide. The present investigation is performed on the basis of numerical parameters of astrophysical plasma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A unified theory of dust ionization waves (DIW) found in the recent experiment and dust acoustic waves (DAW) is proposed. DIW arise due to oscillations in the rate of electron–ion recombination on the surface of dust grains. The theoretical approach is based on the equations of motion and continuity for dust grains, the balance equation for cold ions, the Boltzmann distribution for hot electrons, and the Poisson equation. A unified dispersion relation is derived, which provides an interpretation of the DIW and DAW regularities observed experimentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rayleigh waves are widely used in the nondestructive testing of structures due to the energy concentrating nature. Nevertheless, the wave characteristics become dispersive and complicated when the waveguide is consist of different layers. This may lead to the dispersion and multimodal characteristics of the Rayleigh waves, which is difficult to obtain the dispersion relation accurately. In this study, the dispersion relation of Rayleigh waves in a double-layer material is studied analytically, which allows to localize near-surface cracks more accurately than the classical non-dispersive Rayleigh waves. Firstly, the dispersion characteristic equation of Rayleigh waves in a double-layer material is formulated based on the plane wave expansion method, where the numerical singularity problem in solving the equation is avoided by transforming the characteristic matrix into the non-dimensional form. Based on this, the relations between the wavenumber, the phase velocity, the group velocity and the frequency are obtained and are verified by a refined spectral element model. The detectability of subsurface damages has been investigated based on the wave structure. Lastly, the wave responses simulated by the spectral element analysis are used for case studies. It has been shown that the explicit dispersion characteristic equation obtained in this study can be used to localize near-surface cracks in double-layer materials with high accuracy, having potential value for refined detection of near-surface cracks in practices. [Display omitted] • Characteristic equation is derived analytically in dimensionless formulation. • Quantitative investigation is performed on detectability of hidden damages. • Damage localization becomes more accurate by using proposed model as a reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The influence of flexoelectricity, micro-stiffness and micro-inertia effects on the Rayleigh wave propagation is studied. • The micro-stiffness increases Rayleigh wave velocity, while the micro-inertia and flexoelectricity decrease its value. • The effect of material microstructure and flexoelectricity is important for short wavelengths. • The dispersion curve profile depends on the ratios between flexoelectric coefficients and material lengths scale parameters. A theoretical investigation of Rayleigh waves propagation in polarized media has been carried out using a reformulated flexoelectric theory for isotropic dielectrics with micro-inertia effect. Within this non-classical theory, the internal energy density is the functional of the strain tensor, dilatation gradient, deviatoric part of stretch gradient and rotation gradient tensors, polarization vector, and polarization gradient. The obtained system of governing equations additionally contains three material length-scale parameters to account the micro-stiffness effect, one material constant to capture the micro-inertia effect, two flexoelectric constants to describe the flexoelectric effect and three length scale parameters related to the polarization gradient. To solve the coupled governing equations, the method of Lamé-type potentials for mechanical displacement and electric polarization vectors is used. The influences of various factors such as micro-stiffness, flexoelectricity, electric quadrupoles and micro-inertia effects on the phase velocity of the Rayleigh waves in a homogeneous isotropic half-space are studied. It is found that above effects become significant with the increase of the wavenumber. This study can be important for the investigation of high frequency surface acoustic waves in dielectric materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mathematical analysis of wave propagation along an elastic cylindrical tube is presented, with the aim of determining the range of Poisson's ratio for which backward wave propagation (i.e. at negative group velocity) can occur near the ring frequency. This range includes zero Poisson's ratio and a surrounding interval of positive and negative values, whose width depends on the thickness of the tube. The whole range of Poisson's ratio is considered, so that the work applies to modern materials, e.g. composites. All results are presented in simple analytic form by means of a dominant balance in parameter space. The identification of this balance, which is unique, is a main new result in the paper, which makes possible a new type of shell theory based on 'Poisson scaling'. The mathematical approach is deductive from the equations of motion, rather than being based on kinematic hypotheses. A key finding, accessible via the Poisson scaling, is that the regime of negative group velocities extends to high wavenumbers, while being confined to a narrow band of frequencies. Thus responses localized in space are possible for near-monochromatic forcing, an important fact for nonlinear theories of tube dynamics near the ring frequency. This article is part of the theme issue 'Wave generation and transmission in multi-scale complex media and structured metamaterials (part 1)'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The local-resonance bandgap performance of piezoelectric metastructures could be deteriorated by the inherent resistance existing in the piezoelectric patches and the inductors of shunting circuits. In this article, we propose to use negative-resistance circuits to cancel the inherent electrical resistance and therefore enhance vibration reduction performance in the bandgap. The physical model of the piezoelectric metastructure with negative-resistance shunting circuits is firstly illustrated, followed by analyzing its wave dispersion relations and frequency response functions. The enhanced bandgap performance of the piezoelectric metastructure facilitated by negative-resistance circuits is verified with the analytical results. Last, an experimental setup of the piezoelectric metastructure is built. The experimental results demonstrate that the vibration suppression performance in the bandgap is significantly increased by using negative-resistance circuits, and a higher value of negative resistance could lead to larger vibration reduction. Overall, the results of this article provide a novel means to enhance the local-resonance bandgap performance of piezoelectric metastructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dispersion relation and the speed of linear magnetosonic wave are given in the present paper. Furthermore, an arbitrary amplitude nonlinear magnetosonic solitary wave is studied. It is found that the amplitude of the magnetosonic solitary wave cannot be larger than a critical value. It is found that the maximum speed of the magnetosonic solitary wave is about 1.24 times that of the Alfvén wave speed when the magnetic field is sufficiently strong so that the magnetic pressure is much larger than the fluid pressure. On the other hand, the maximum perturbed magnetic field is just equal to the external magnetic field if the magnetic pressure is much larger than the fluid pressure. It suggest that the variation regime of the perturbed magnetic field is (0 , B 0) , while the variation regime of the speed of magnetosonic solitary wave is (v A , 1.24 v A) in the upstream and downstream regions of the Venusian bow shock. Here B 0 and v A represent the background magnetic field and the Alfvén wave speed, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A system of mathematical equations was developed for the calculation of the natural frequencies of helical springs, its predictions being compared with finite element simulation with ANSYS®. Authors derive the general equations governing the helical spring vibration relative to the Frenet trihedral representing the normal, binormal and tangent unit vectors to the spring medium line. The dispersion relation ω = f (k) has been obtained to model a wave traveling along the axis of the wire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the propagation of acoustic time-harmonic waves in homogeneous media containing periodic lattices of spherical or cylindrical inclusions. It is assumed that the wavelength has the order of the periods of the lattice while the radius a of inclusions is small. A new approach is suggested to derive the complete asymptotic expansions of the dispersion relations in two- and three-dimensional cases as a → 0 and first several terms of the expansions are evaluated explicitly. Our method is based on the reduction of the original singularly perturbed (by inclusions) problem to the regular one. The Dirichlet, Neumann, and transmission boundary conditions are considered. In the former case, we estimate the cutoff wavelength λ max supported by the periodic medium in two and three dimensions. The effective wave speed is obtained as a function of the wave frequency, the filling fraction of the inclusions, and the physical properties of the constituents of the mixture. Dependence of the asymptotic formulas obtained in the paper on geometric and material parameters is illustrated by graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]