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Gangs are widely considered major contributors to the high levels of violence afflicting Latin America, including in particular Central America. At the same time, however, the vast majority of individuals who join a gang will also leave it and, it is assumed, become less violent. Having said this, the mechanisms underlying this 'desistance' process are not well understood, and nor are the determinants of individuals' post-gang trajectories, partly because gang desistance tends to be seen as an event rather than a process. Drawing on long-term ethnographic research carried out in barrio Luis Fanor Hernández, a poor neighbourhood in Nicaragua's capital city Managua, and more specifically a set of 'archetypal' gang member life histories that illustrate the occupational options open to former gang members, this article offers a longitudinal perspective on desistance and its consequences, with specific reference to the determinants of individuals' continued engagement with violence (or not). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Gender detransition is the act of stopping or reversing the social, medical, and/or administrative changes achieved during a gender transition process. It is an emerging phenomenon of significant clinical and social interest. Methods. We systematically searched seven databases between 2010 and 2022, manually traced article references, and consulted specialized books. Quantitative and content analyses were carried out. Results. We included 138 registers, 37% of which were empirical studies and 38.4% of which were published in 2021. At least eight terms related to detransition were identified, with differences in their definitions. Prevalence estimates differ according to the criteria used, being lower for detransition/regret (0-13.1%) than for discontinuation of care/medical treatment (1.9%-29.8%), and for detransition/regret after surgery (0-2.4%) than for detransition/regret after hormonal treatment (0-9.8%). More than 50 psychological, medical, and sociocultural factors influencing the decision to detransition and 16 predictors/associated factors are described. No health or legal guidelines are found. Current debates focus on the nature of gender dysphoria and identity development, the role of professionals in accessing medical treatments, and the impact of detransition on future access to these treatments. Conclusions. Gender detransition is a complex, heterogeneous, under-researched, and poorly understood reality. A systematic study and approach to the topic is needed to understand its prevalence, implications, and management from a healthcare perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The elderly population in Brazil is on the rise. As a consequence, there is an equal growth in the number of free public exercise programs directed to this group. Considering the benefits of exercising and the importance of adherence to this behavior so that the benefits can be perceived, we conducted a systematic review of the existing literature on the topic, aiming to identify the reasons that lead to adherence to free public exercise programs, as well as those that lead to abandoning the same programs. Searches were conducted on SciElo, SPORTdiscus and Pubmed databases, with search phrases in Portuguese and in English. After a triage, ten studies were analyzed regarding sample characteristics, program type, data collection method and the reasons behind the subjects' adherence and abandonment. We verified that elderly people tend to enter the projects for health-related reasons, but they remain due to other factors, such as socialization and the perception of the benefits brought on by exercising. As for abandonment, it occurs due to health problems, muscle pain due to exercising, dislike for the classes and family business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article approaches the National Program for the Integration of Vocational Education to Basic Education in the form of Education for Youth and Adults - PROEJA - developed by the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte - IFRN - Caicó Campus. It analyzes the causes of the withdrawal and the reasons for the permanence of students within the program. We used bibliographic research, documental analysis, a semi-structured interview, the focus groups and we also analyzed the speeches of some subjects. We concluded that the institutional, socio-economic and personal conditions reflected on a repeated school interruption of a significant portion of these subjects. Through this research, we concluded that the retention of students is also motivated by institutional conditions regarding the quality of education (infrastructure and qualification of technical staff and teachers), but also by socio-economic and personal conditions, such as peer support and family. We conclude that the causes of the withdrawal and the reasons for permanence have their origin in the interplay between institutional, socioeconomic and personal aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of the therapeutic interaction is an important predictor of the therapy gains and critical in the clients' decisions to complete the therapy. The aim of this study was to describe and compare the development of the therapeutic collaboration in two clinical cases, a completer and a dropout, both unsuccessful and followed in Narrative Therapy. The Therapeutic Collaboration Coding System was used, allowing the identification of collaborative, non-collaborative and ambivalent episodes by reference to the clients' Therapeutic Zone of Proximal Development (TZPD). The codification was independently made by two pairs of judges, and the differences were resolved through consensus and posterior auditing process. The results show that in the dropout case the non-collaborative episodes were five times higher than in the completer. There was an increasing tendency from the part of the therapist to stimulate the clients' movement through their TZPD towards innovation in both cases. However, if in the last sessions of the completer the client was able to collaborate with the therapist; in the dropout case occurred an increase of non-collaborative episodes between the dyad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the article consists in understanding the most frequent reasons that make people abandon and give up psychotherapeutic treatment in a clinical school in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, during the 2010 period. It is in fact a documental survey, based on a quantitative, descriptive and correctional approach, developed through the collection of data contained in 154 records of users of the service. The reasons for the abandonment of the psychotherapeutic treatment, in most cases, were due to: excessive absences, lack of interest in the continuity of the treatment, change of address, the impossibility to bring the patient and lack of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the authors propose to consider the issues of emptiness. What are the psychic mechanisms of individuals against losses, the consequences of loss, the different forms of subjects being able to lose objects. From the myth of Demeter, and its demand, and taking as its starting point the failure of the cycle ↔ departure → empty anticipation → return ↔, by intolerance to the void that is death of subject and object, we pursue the meanings of this cycle, and what are the qualities of that meeting. To make this possible, we used the Rorschach, seeing the Rorschach response process as a process that causes a feeling of chaos, fragmentation. How will the subject deal with these feelings of emptiness, this need for creating and processing towards meaning? What mechanisms will be used, when facing this new object, considering its chaos? Providing the Rorschach with new dimensions of analysis, specific to this study, we will observe the different paths followed by subjects in the encounter with objects, toward a possible meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]