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This article begins by showing Max Weber's interest in Du Bois's The Souls of Black Folk and comparing it with the virtual ignorance of Du Bois's work as a whole in the sociology scholarship produced in Spanish. It then describes Du Bois's conception of the thencalled "Negro problem" as a "social problem" (as Marx did with the "Jewish problem"), and is followed by an outline of Du Bois's new political philosophy, which elevated the black masses to the status of "black people" and demanded that they ought to be full equal to white people because they have a "shared political identity". The text ends by discussing the rhetoric deployed by Du Bois by appealing to black and white American patterns of thought and emotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this collaboration, we provide clear evidence of how Antonio García Gutiérrez's political theater serves as a platform to present his liberal political thought to the public and to urge citizens to mobilize against abuses of power. Drawing inspiration from past warlike events, García Gutiérrez crafts the plots of El Trovador (1836) and Juan Lorenzo (1865) to allow the audience to interpret them as relevant to the present. Amid the turmoil of military pronouncements and revolutions in Spain, our author takes the side of the liberal cause and declares himself a defender against abuses of power. Through his dramas, he promotes patriotic theater and contributes to the political socialization of Spaniards, as well as to the reinforcement of patriotic and nationalist sentiments. Beyond the confines of the theater of confrontation between absolutists and liberals, García Gutiérrez's plays aim to reject dogmatic thinking and defend freedom of speech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Micro processes of construction and deconstruction of democracy" analyzes the origins and evolution of democracy throughout history. It highlights that Greek democracy, precursor to modern democracy, only included privileged sectors in decision-making. Throughout the centuries, the struggle for equality and civil rights has led to advances in democratic participation through peaceful, institutional, slow, and persistent processes. The article also presents studies on female representation in the Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica, the fight for democracy in the Tosepan Pajti Health Cooperative in Mexico, transparency in public policies, and censorship in entertainment. Additionally, it analyzes the case of the patrimonialization of petroglyphs in Colombia and cooperativism in Argentina. Lastly, it examines the intervention of the State and international organizations in the training of Social Work professionals in Costa Rica and the construction of peace and democracy in the narratives of boys and girls in Colombia. [Extracted from the article]

La Política Nacional de Igualdad de Género (PNIG) en Perú busca impulsar la equidad de género a nivel de toda la sociedad peruana y el Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS) como entidad pública, se encuentra trabajando para integrar este enfoque en sus diferentes políticas y prácticas a fin de alcanzar una sociedad justa y democrática. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We undertake a study on the ongoing processes of subjectivation under the label of what is known as 'neoliberal governmentality', following Foucault's works corresponding to the end of the '70s. We work genealogically, from the constitution of the modern individual as a holder of rights, to demonstrate that what it works as a guarantee of security is at the same time what certifies obedience, figurated trough the management of the public and private use of reason. We can also find this paradox in the entrepreneurial drift of neoliberalism, through the performance/pleasure apparatus. This work allows us to interrogate the current relationships between subject, power and truth, starting from an analysis of the notion of practices of freedom --which was enunciated by Foucault at the end of the '80s-- as practices of resistance located beyond modern liberties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Law of Civil Rights of Women, No. 10783, of the year 1946, came to be an innovation and a great advance in terms of equality of rights between men and women, this process of gender equality continues without a doubt until the present. In this context, based on the current Constitution when said law was signed (Constitution of 1942), the articles and rights established in the aforementioned law are contrasted and analyzed with the provisions of the constitutional text, to review whether perhaps such rights emanated from the Constitution itself, trying to propose, some way of interpreting it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The racial segregation established in the United States at the end of the 19th century was the object of criticism and rejection by certain sectors of American society, who formed various organizations that channeled this discontent and tried to structure a response that would put an end to the situation of inequality. The 1950s and 1960s accentuated the struggle for civil rights through new forms of resistance and criticism of the segregationist regime. This new situation was the subject of an abundant musical production that, in the form of protest songs and songs for freedom, served as a vehicle of expression for the Civil Rights Movement of the African-American community, expressing its aspirations and frustrations. The objective of this paper is to compile and examine the portrait that these compositions cultivated of the struggle for Civil Rights through the events that marked this claim. In order to reach this goal, this article will take into account both the actions of protest whose purpose was to obtain a new legislation that would put an end to racial segregation and the violent reactions that it provoked in the Southern states. I will analyze the lyrical contents of the songs which will allow us to determine the positioning of the singer-songwriters and determine their approach to the struggle against segregation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Making peace is difficult, a peace that goes far beyond stopping the confrontation. This peace poses challenges in terms of economic development, recognition of civil rights, reparation for victims and reconstruction of the social fabric. The results of the survey are worrying, even more so if the breadth of the sample is taken into account. But despite this, peace resists and continues to be the best valued option, so much so that, with all the difficulties made visible, the majority of those surveyed, 86%, believe that a negotiated solution to the conflict with the second should be chosen. Colombia's largest guerrilla group still active, the National Liberation Army. This opinion is generalized in all the areas analyzed and is higher than 90% in those areas where the presence and impact of this group is stronger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harper Lee's novels, To Kill a Mockingbird and Go Set a Watchman, are examined through the lens of reader-response theory and the Jungian concept of the cultural complex or phantom narratives. Socio-historical context includes the American civil rights movement of the 60's as well as Black Lives Matter. The clinical and institutional implications are briefly considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with systematizing a university intervention aimed at promoting collective mapping of knowledge and work experiences in Penitentiary Units in the central area of the province of Buenos Aires. The study, carried out within the framework of the Oriented Research Project «Access to rights and daily life in prison» (2019), makes an issue of university actions aimed at strengthening the full citizen education of people deprived of liberty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than three decades after the enactment of guaranteeing children's rights, it is remarkable that the distance between what is said, especially based on the law, and what is done, by the Brazilian State, may jeopardize the effectiveness of guaranteeing their rights. Analyzing the content of these laws, there is an expectation concerning the hearing of children, however, their voices remain silent, so that despite the change of terms and names, the old ideological and distinctive practices continue, following a historical and dialectical process of inclusion-exclusion. In this qualitative study, based on the theoretical assumptions of the Socio-Historical Psychology of Vygotsky, bibliographical and empirical research was carried out. The analysis of semi-structured interviews with legal professionals who work with lawsuits involving children, showed an objectification of the children and the distance between the positivation and the effective fulfillment of the children's rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze from a feminist perspective the Gender Equality and Equity Public Policy of the Judiciary Main Branch of Costa Rica approved in November 2005. The main theoretical reference is the paradigm of gender justice, therefore, its application concludes that, despite the efforts, discrimination against women persist, both in the internal functioning of the institution as well as at the level of protection of rights and access to a "fair trial". Hence, it is necessary to formulate a new policy that responds to current challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is based on transgender's people perception that lives in Andalusia about the law number 2 of 8 July 2014, for non-discrimination and protection of transgender people from Andalusia. The aim of the study is to analyze the importance that individuals give to the measures proposed in this law. A total of 100 individuals participated in all Andalusia through a Likert scale. Results show that participants have attached great importance to the measures listed in this law but there are people that still feel unrepresented in the regional law. These research findings and their implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the recognition, firstly, of civil and political rights, then of economic, social and cultural rights, there was a need to proclaim and recognise, in both international treaties and in more recent constitutional texts, the so-called third-generation rights, also known as "rights of solidarity" or "rights of the people". This paper analyses the possibility of affirming cultural rights as human rights, their effectiveness and justiciability, lastly giving some examples in compared cultural jurisprudence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tybee Island, Georgia has a problematic racial history. During the Jim Crow era, the popular beach town was segregated and off-limits to Savannah's majority African American population. More recently, Tybee officials have actively worked to end Orange Crush, an annual spring beach bash attended mostly by students from Historically Black Colleges and Universities from within the region. Partygoers and promoters of Orange Crush have engaged in ongoing clashes with residents and Tybee officials for nearly 30 years, charging them with racial discrimination and profiling. Residents express frustration with traffic, trash, crime, and noise and have put forth measures that seek to put an end to the annual event. Utilizing archival research, semi-structured interviews, and participant observation, this study will situate Orange Crush within a larger framework centered on tourism, mobilities, and black sense of place. In this piece, we will examine historic and present-day efforts to control the mobile black body through policing and measures put forth by Tybee Island to end the event. Finally, we will consider how the 30-year story of Orange Crush is part of the geography and sense of place of many African Americans in the region, despite actions by Tybee Island to limit access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we seek to discuss the relationship between religion and legal order, with the particular goal of mapping the conditions for the creation of the jurisdictional protection offered by the Imperial State, in view of the growth of Acatholic populations in Brazil. Under the aegis of the various liberal ideologies that were present in the country, we witnessed the consolidation of a legal order emanating from the parliamentary debates that informed the exercise of citizenship in the Brazilian Empire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is the relationship between corruption and human rights? Through a multilevel model and loess, we analyses how the objective corruption (observations of the Federal Audit Office) and subjective (perception of corruption) impact on human rights violations (observed through complaints of the cndh), civil rights (seen through homicide) and economic and social rights (analyzed through access to health calculated by Coneval). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on interviews and participant-observation, this research highlights the combined impacts of maternal and child health programs and of Civil Register policies on the abiity parents to register newborns in Chiapas. In a state where most women rely on midwives to provide necessary health services, we highlight the difficulties to which families who have solicited uncertified midwives confront when requesting a birth certificate at the Civil Registry. We also share how the various groups impacted by such policies adapt to or resist them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quite al the world knows that the famous phrase "I have a dream" was said by Martin Luther King, and relate this character to the struggle for civil rights of black Americans. But few know Martin Luther as a major Christian, pastor and theologist (doctor in theology) of the 20th century. This article approach different facets of Luther King's life to pay close attention to who was this character in the personally, religious and social; and his valuable legacy through the Baptist church he shepperd in Georgia, USA, the organization he founded, and the subsequent work of his wife and children that kept his work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this text is to analyze the different ideologies that gave birth to the 1910 constitutional reform in Colombia, and pointing the main changes that arose in contrast to the Constitution of 1886, bot in its organic and dogmatic part. For the purpose of studying the changes in the organic part, I took as reference three topics on which there was major debate during the National Constitutional Assembly: powers of the president, judicial independence and territorial organization. On its part, changes in the dogmatic part are related to the broadening of civil laws and prohibiting death penalty. The methodology used is the study of the influence of ideologies on the changes mentioned above, as well as the comparison of constitutional texts. The result shows that there was a change of ideology and with it a return to a broader democracy in an institutional sense, as well as a greater respect for citizen and civil rights. The contribution of the article is to show that the reform of 1910 changed the vision of the Constitution of 1886 and opened several democratic channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carson McCullers was deeply aware of the guilt of southern whites with respect to the oppression of blacks, and her fiction presents an intricate web of different configurations of the racial problem in her native South. In The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter she paints a very sympathetic and complex portrait of an African American man, a Martin Luther King avant la lettre. He actively fights for the civil rights of his race, yet paradoxically his obsessive blackness draws him close to the whiteness that oppresses him. In The Member of the Wedding McCullers connects racial oppression with gender oppression in the context of the prejudice of the reactionary South of the 1940s, linking the failed desire for gender fluidity with a similarly failed desire for racial hybridity. In Clock without Hands she brings existentialist influences to bear on the attitudes of her white characters with respect to the violent racial relations at the outset of the civil rights movement, and explores the tragic consequences here, for both whites and blacks, of polarized conceptions of blackness and whiteness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aureliano Cândido Tavares Bastos was one of the protagonists in the debate on the possibility of religious freedom in 19th century Brazil. Current paper analyzes the book Cartas do Solitário and Bourdieu field concept to have an in-depth discussion on the issue and other questions of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the place of Pedro Henríquez Ureña in the construction of Latinamericanism as a scholarly field by focusing on the factors that prompted his appointment as Norton Professor at Harvard at the beginning of World War II. An analysis of hitherto unexplored archival sources related to his stay in the United States— academic lectures, public speeches, press coverage, and personal correspondence—will provide a new perspective on Henríquez Ureña's involvement in the consolidation of the Good Neighbor policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a democratic society with a market economy, contradictions arise between the exercise of citizenship and the individual's position as a consumer. The article attempts to resolve these contradictions by considering the rights and duties of citizens and the space between civil society and politics. Faced with the enshrinement of individuality characteristic of the ideology of the market, it will be necessary to strengthen the institution of citizenship as a practice in order to meet the challenges of truly securing the rights and duties of citizenship in the 21st century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Libraries have an impact on society by fostering equal opportunities to lifelong learning and education, research and innovation, culture and recreation for all. Strong libraries are those that have adequate capacity to meet the information needs of their user communities. Strong societies consist of informed citizens who actively participate in the life of their community and society. Crucial for strong libraries and strong societies is the democratic ideal —freedom of access to information for all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many modern Christian understandings of salvation spiritualize and personalize salvation. Salvation is what makes it possible for an individual soul to spend eternity in heaven. Jewish and Christian notions of salvation are richer and more complicated, and include an understanding of salvation as emancipation from powers and principalities. To be saved is to be adopted by the rightful ruler of the universe and liberated from servitude to all other false rulers. I briefly outline the significance of the Exodus and Christian understandings of the kingdom of God for three of the major emancipation movements in the history of the United States, and arguably the world, namely the American Revolution, the abolitionist movement, and the Civil Rights movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we attempt to analyze the construction and reconfiguration of the idea of "whiteness" of the white race through two Hollywood films. Both address race relations between blacks and whites in the United States from 1955 to 1963: The Long Walk Home (1990) and The Help (2011). Considering its similar themes and the framework given by the relationships and interactions between white and black women during the civil rights era, we attempt a comparative study, emphasizing the ways in which each film represents or recreates the same historical process. Our goal is to demonstrate how both films, despite the different epochs in which each of them were produced, show us how whites project an image of themselves, about their role in history in relation to African-Americans and the place the latter have in their own history; concealing, distorting and rewriting the long history of racism and racial struggles in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the human right to health is well established under international law, many states limit non-citizens' participation in public insurance programs. In the United States, immigrants face especially high barriers due to the lack of recognition of a broad right to health as well as federal statutes restricting many immigrants' eligibility to federally-funded insurance. High rates of uninsurance among immigrants have a detrimental effect on their health, as well as on the health of citizens who live in their communities. Finch vs. Commonwealth Health Insurance Connector, a recent case decided by the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, recognized the rights of legal immigrants in Massachusetts to state-supported health care, and demonstrates the importance of insuring immigrants in broadly-based, rather than immigrant-specific, programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The legal institution of military jurisdiction has been constantly questioned by considering that it has been used to abuse and it has worked as a source of impunity in front of serious human rights violations. Before the discredit of Military Justice, the military jurisdiction has been traditionally restricted, but recently it suffered an amendment that has motivated critics from many sectors, reform which established new Military Justice bodies with functions that overlap their powers together to define conflicts of jurisdiction between the ordinary courts and the military justice system, leaving doubts about the consistency by which the aforementioned theme is treated. Due to these considerations, this research seeks to clarify whether the military criminal jurisdiction is a functional guarantee, as it is constitutionally and legally established, or whether on the contrary, in practice it has been distorted by the actions of the security forces and is rather a condition of impunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the strategic role played by the Brazilian Annals of Medicine, the official organ of the Imperial Academy of Medicine. Its objective was to socially legitimize the medical elite in the field of mental health. It sought to broaden its prerogatives in the area of madness, criminal liability, civil rights and forensic medicine between 1860 and 1880. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The disability concept and its different forms (impairment, disability and handicap) are reviewed. The problem is studied from an international and Colombian context, and a brief historic overview of the problem is provided. The description of the models that have served as a basis for disability studies are described. Legal topics are introduced as an aid to evaluate the evolution of the disability concept and its heterogeneity. Finally national and international legal frameworks are described and the rights of people with disabilities are introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the final result of an investigation. This article seeks to analyse the discourse elaborated by the Colombian Government concerning the adoption of the text of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples within the General Assembly, on September 13th, 2007. In doing so, Stephen Edelson Toulmin and Michael Scriven's methods of argument analysis will be proposed, basically stressing on the clarification of some meanings, the (un)stated conclusions, the (un)stated assumptions, and an overall evaluation of the discourse. The main purpose of this document is to analyse the relationship between texts, co-texts, and contexts, and their influence within politics and international law. The analysis of these interactions would help policy-makers and academics gain more room for manoeuvre in regard to problem and priority-setting scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The legalisation of same-sex marriages in Spain is the consequence of significant changes in the preferences of the PSOE, that are linked with shifting electoral results and, also, with significant changes in the political and institutional environment of this political party. Legal change, however, was also made possible by the strategies of a social movement willing to shape its claims and tactics in a bid to create new opportunities. The time span covered is 1975 to 2005. The paper draws on current debates on the interaction between social movements and public policy making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on public policy making for homosexual unions in Europe. It addresses these policies from the perspective of recognition, a concept drawn on the literature on civil rights and minorities. As a criterion for evaluation, the test of recognition demands the satisfaction of a twofold condition: firstly, democracies must be prepared to accept even the most costly of the demands as presented by the representatives of sexual minorities (in this case the right of joint adoption); secondly, public policies must show respect to the prevailing model of citizenship, not imposing visions of difference when difference-based claims are treated with disregard in the political community, and, conversely, not pursing assimilation and homogeneity where the prevailing tradition points at policies based on the recognition of difference and diversity. Ultimately, this article seeks the development of a new interest on this subject among political scientists and sociologists. The paper draws on the analysis of law-making in Europe since 1989. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article studies in the light of constitutional economy, and using some conventional economic law analysis tools, the "Acción de Tutela" (Constitutional Action or "Action for the Tutelage of Rights") as a mechanism of protection of fundamental rights seeking to show its incidence over the implementation of public policies in favor of all citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the begining of Modern Constitutionalism in the 19th century, among the essential elements that derived from the North American and French Revolutions and conditioned the conception of the Modern State, are the idea of the Constitution as superior law product of the popular sovereignty that prevails over any other State act; and the idea that the government, also product of the popular will, must be established following a representative an democratic political regime. The development of these elements in contemporary World has given rise to new tendencies in Constitutional Law allowing to identity such elements, in addition and in them selfs, as constitutional rights of the citizens. In such framework, this essay is a reflection precisely devoted to identify and define, the right to the Constitution, and the right to democracy, as fundamental rights of constitutional rank within the internal order of Latin American Countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to show that, faced with a widening lack of trust in political parties, in popular leaders and in public servants, civil disobedience becomes a crucial arm in the symbolic arsenal that of democratic states of law Public disobedience triggers two legitimating principles in a democratic order: the people's sovereignty and recognition among all of the right to have rights. It helps, for this very reason, to keep safe and expand rights, on the one hand, and to broaden the democratic horizon, on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As tobacco control legislation gains ground, public debate on the matter has come to be cast in constitutional terms. The present essay aims to provide information so as to participate in the debate in an informed manner. First, it explores the constitutional grounding for tobacco control. Then it analizes, one by one, the key arguments put forth to challenge the constitutionality ot tobacco control legislation, reaching the conclusion that none of the challenges holds water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Not always public policies for the advocacy of citizen rights meet their goal, among other things, because between their formulation and their implementation there is a lack of appropriate structures to generate, articulate and execute these policies. This has been the case of Mexico regarding the advocacy of the rights of non smokers. Very few has been achieved in this matter in the past. This article lists some of the potential causes of the lack of implementation of public policies. At the same time, explores the highly dynamic nature of the health care system at the present and towards the future. The magnitude of the challenges faced by the health care system requires concerted actions of many actors, not only from the very health care system but also from outside. Thus, public policies have to be considered not just at the governmental level but at the state level. Therefore, the main argument of this paper is that given the need to respond to complex challenges to protect the health of the population and their rights in a very complex context, there is a need to formulate and implement state policies that require the intervention of the appropriate state structures to make sure that the design and execution leads to the expected achievements. One such structure at the state level, among others, is the General Health Council, an organization established in 1841, that was incorporated within the Mexican Constitution in 1917, depending directly from the President of Mexico as Head of State. This Council has been reinforced to improve its assigned role to better participate, along other state structures, in the formulation and implementation of public policies such as those for the advocacy of citizen rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adverse health effects from smoking have been widely known for a long time. Nevertheless, tobacco use does not appear to decrease, and with it the inevitable consequences on morbidity and mortality for millions of people continue. This year alone, the WHO calculates that five million people will die from tobacco use. In Mexico, 26.2% of the population between the ages of 15 and 65 smoke regularly and consumption increases among youth and women. The WHO adopted the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, ratified by Mexico, which brought about the General Law for Tobacco Control, an important milestone in Mexican sanitary policy. This law will soon be in force and is expected to have a notable effect on containing the smoking epidemic in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public Institutions have to take into account, in their advertising campaignes, every kind of people. Then, social affairs institutions which work for children have to take special cares in their communications. New languages of communication can offer successful formula for this. In Spain there are good examples of this. One of them is Andaluna program, from de andalusian government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of the undocumented immigrants in the society of the United States has acquired relevancy among the wage-earning classes in that country. As a result, immigrants have become a part of the most important cultural, labor and human rights movement in the United States during the last thirty years. In 2006 we watched one of those movements showing a militant answer to the law HR 4437, which was the detonator that originated such a movilization without any precedent and a sudden and massive politization among the Latin community north of the border. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most scientists take ethical arguments for conservation as given and focus on scientific or economic questions. Although nature conservation is often considered a just cause, it is given little further consideration. A lack of attention to ethical theory raises serious concerns for how conservation scientists conceive and practice ethics. I contrast two common ways scientists approach ethics, as demonstrated in the writings of Stephen Jay Gould and E. O. Wilson. Gould casts severe doubt as to whether any ethics are possible from science, whereas Wilson proposes science as the only path to ethics. I argue these two methods ultimately limit popular support for conservation and offer Alasdair MacIntyre's “virtue ethics” as an alternative. Unlike Gould and Wilson, MacIntyre provides an ethical theory that reconciles scientific inquiry and social traditions. Recent studies of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States affirm MacIntyre's claims and provide important insights for conservation today. These accounts argue that social solidarity and political success against segregation were possible only as rooted in the particular language, logic, and practices of a robust cultural tradition. If correct, conservation science should attend to several questions. On what basis can conservation achieve widespread cultural legitimacy? What are the particular social currencies for a conservation ethic? What role does science play in such a scheme? MacIntyre's careful positioning of scientific and social traditions provides a hopeful ethical direction for conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to offer elements of analysis about the legal medical-legal discourse application in two wealthy women's cases at the end of XIX and at the beginning of XX century, that allow the comparison of the female possibilities in relation to the possession's administration. In view of the right's lack, action made as of civil trial on supposed madness by respective families male; both women tried to argue using in their favor the psychiatric diagnostic's contradictions or denying to carry out the psychiatric testing. The legal sources, inedited expedient of insanity, allow us accede to the complex legal processes which insert in the process of gender subordination and about the certain women of upper class possibilities to drive in Argentina, in a former stage to twenty years civil legislation sanction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]