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Background: Impulsivity is the propensity to make judgments and take action without sufficient planning or foreseeing consequences. Impulsivity is one of the main symptoms of several mental disorders. Studies supporting the association between inflammation and impulsivity are increasing in number. This study aimed to assess the association between impulsivity, inflammation and rheumatoid factor (RF) in rheumatoid arthritis, a systemic inflammatory disease. Methods: Thirty rheumatoid arthritis patients with RF+ and 22 rheumatoid arthritis patients with RFwere enrolled in this study. Impulsivity was measured with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS). The Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS), and Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2) was applied to assess the potential clinical effects of impulsivity. In addition, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS-28) were used to evaluate the individuals’ clinical features. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were used as inflammation biomarkers. Results: In this study, patients with RF+ had higher BIS total scores than those with RF- (p = .039). In addition, smoking rates, which may be associated with impulsive behavior, were higher in the RF+ group than in the RF- group (p = .033). Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between the attentional impulsivity dimension of BIS and CRP levels in the RF+ group (p = .023). Regarding MMAS, BAI, BDI, and IES-2, there was no significant difference between RF+ and RFgroups. Conclusions: These results indicate that RF seropositivity in rheumatoid arthritis is associated with impulsivity. The high impulsivity detected in RF+ patients may be the reason why risky behaviors such as smoking are seen more frequently in this group. Moreover, it has also been shown that increased attentional impulsivity in RF+ group is associated with inflammation. Further studies evaluating the effect of inflammatory processes on impulsivity in RF+ patients are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The psychological effect of the COVID-19 pandemic has been high among at-risk groups. The main aim of this study is to identify the association between the fear of contracting COVID-19 among individuals with cardiovascular system diseases and anxiety/depression. Material and Method: It is a cross-sectional and descriptive study. Included in the study were 170 patients with a history of cardiovascular system disease for at least one year. Excluded from the study were those with mental diseases that would prevent them from filling out the scale and taking part in an interview, those with regular alcohol, substance use and those with psychological diseases. The COVID-19 Fear, Beck Anxiety, Beck Depression Scales were applied to each of the respondents. Results: The scores recorded from the COVID-19 Fear Scale, Beck Depression Scale and Beck Anxiety Scale were 20 (7-34), 7 (0-31) and 6 (0-47), respectively. The scored from the COVID-19 Fear Scale were significantly higher among the respondents who were employed than those who were unemployed. A weak and positive correlation was found between the COVID-19 Fear Scale points and age, and between the Beck Depression Scale points and the Beck Anxiety Scale points. Conclusion: People with cardiovascular disease are prone to experiencing high levels of fear, anxiety and depression during viral outbreaks. Patients in high-risk groups should be evaluated accordingly, and psychological counseling should be provided when needed. The results of the present study draw attention to this requirement during such outbreaks, and so can be considered as contributing to the body of related literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The self is the state of feeling and experiencing the existence of the subject called "me". The self is a fragmented self in the newborn. The first part is called the "exhibitionistic/grandiose self". When appropriately mirrored and supported by the caregiver, it provides vitality and self-esteem, in other words, a sense of existence. The second part, in which the object of the self is projected, is called the 'idealized parental image'. When the idealized parental image is properly developed in the relationship between the self and the self-object, it provides a balance in tension, the ability to wait/defer and impulse control. While the psychology of the self was initially associated with the concept of narcissism, it has subsequently been used to explain depression. Our findings suggest that selfpathology and mood disorders overlap electrophysiologically. This calls for further investigation of the structural etiology of mood disorder, in other words, whether psychopathology of the self is a predisposing trait for mood disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of treatment on psychological well-being by looking at changes in anxiety and depression levels in patients receiving treatment for tear duct obstruction. Materials and Methods: Forty patients who had been diagnosed with tear duct obstruction and receiving dacryocystorhinostomy (DSR) were included in our prospective cohort study. The Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventory, two standardized psychometric measures, were used to measure the individuals' levels of anxiety and depression both before and after DSR treatment. Results: The study comprised 40 patients in total, 16 (40%) of whom were male and 24 (60%) of whom were female. The number of patients in the "minimal anxiety" class climbed to 37 (92.5%) after DSR, compared to 22 (55%) patients in the class prior to DSR, based on the patients' anxiety levels. There was a significant change (p<0.001) in the median Beck anxiety scores before and after DSR. The median was 0 after it was 6.5 previously. There was a significant change (p<0.001) between the median Beck depression ratings before and after DSR. The median after was 13, compared to the prior median of 14. The results indicate that the scores for anxiety and depression decreased in a way that was statistically significant. Conclusion: In summary, this study represented a significant advancement in our understanding of the anxiety and sadness experienced by patients having DSR for tear duct obstruction. The study's noteworthy reduction in the levels of depression and anxiety implies that DSR might be beneficial for psychological as well as physical health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Depression is a prevalent mental health disorder globally, impacting individuals’ quality of life significantly. Medical students, due to the demanding nature of their education, are particularly susceptible to depression. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and severity of depression among medical students and explore associated factors. Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted over three months at a tertiary healthcare institution affiliated with a university. A face-to-face questionnaire was used to assess depression levels and associated factors among medical students. The Beck Depression Inventory was utilized for depression assessment. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics. Results: The study included the demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and depression scores of medical students. Female students exhibited significantly higher depression scores than male students (p=0,019). Factors such as family income, smoking habits, social media usage, and regular studying showed significant associations with depression levels (p<0.05). Additionally, students who were satisfied with their medical education and those who did not experience semester/internship loss demonstrated lower depression levels (p<0.05). Conclusion: Several factors, such as gender, family background, lifestyle choices, and academic performance were found to influence depression levels among medical students. Notably, social media use, regular studying habits, and satisfaction with medical education emerged as significant predictors of depression. Depression among medical students is a multifaceted issue influenced by various factors. Addressing these factors through targeted interventions and support services is crucial for promoting the psychological well-being of medical students and ensuring their longterm success in the medical profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is prevalent in patients seeking for rhinoplasty. Yet, psychological assessment of rhinoplasty patients is often dismissed in clinical practice. Findings on depression and anxiety, the two conditions that are highly comorbid with BDD, as well as possible associations between depression and self-esteem are however mixed in the very same group. This study aimed to test a model that explains the relationship between BDD and depression symptoms mediated by self-esteem and symptoms of anxiety. Method: 50 rhinoplasty-planned patients and 42 healthy participants were recruited (Age range: 18-54 years, M=28). Demographic information, scores of BDD, depression and anxiety symptoms and self-esteem were collected. Results: Study groups did not differ significantly in terms of age, gender, level of education/income, marital/work status and history of psychiatric treatment. BDD symptom scores, on the other hand, were significantly higher in the rhinoplasty group compared to control group (p<.001). Symptom scores of BDD, depression and anxiety were correlated significantly in both study groups (p<.001-.05). The mediation model tested showed that self-esteem and anxiety symptoms significantly mediated the relationship between BDD and the depressive symptoms. Discussion: The model holds promise not only for explaining the mixed results of anxiety and depression in rhinoplasty patients but also for drawing inferences about the role of self-esteem and anxiety on the relationship between BDD and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a disorder whose prevalence has increased over the years and affects both the diagnosed individual and his/her family. It is observed that parents experience stress in the process and report depression and anxiety. This study aims to investigate the relationships between these symptoms and perceived social support (PSS) and the protective role of PSS in the effects of stress on depression. To achieve this aim, 156 mothers whose children were diagnosed with ASD participated in the study. Demographic Information Form, Depression Anxiety Stress 21 Scale (DASS-21) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were applied to the participants. As a result of the study, it was found that stress, depression and anxiety had positive relationships with each other, while the relationships of PSS and PSS from different sources with these symptoms were also examined As a consequence, only PSS from a significant other was found to have a negative relationship with depression. Additionally, the moderating role of PSS and PSS from different sources in the relationship between stress and depression was not found As a result, it was concluded that PSS does not have a protective role in the effects of stress on depression. While there are conflicting findings in the literature, it is thought that it would be beneficial to evaluate the perceptions and expectations of mothers with children diagnosed with ASD regarding social support Finally, the limitations of the present study and suggestions for future research were mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Our study aims to find the predictors of anxiety and depression in a community sample. Methods: Beck depression inventory (BDI), Beck anxiety inventory (BAI), Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS), and Metacognition Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) were rated by 172 individuals who were without ongoing psychiatric disorders and treatment. Results: There were significant relationships between BAI and cognitive confidence and the total score of MCQ (r=0.175 and r=0.157, respectively; p<0.05). BDI had significant relationships with all subscales and total scores of MCQ-30 and IUS (r=0.234-0.520, p<0.05). There was a significant relationship between the total score of MCQ-30 and IUS (r=0.707, p<0.05). MCQ-30 and IUS did not predict anxiety symptoms. However, "need to control thoughts" (β=0.49, p<0.05) and "cognitive self-consciousness" (β=-0.27, p<0.05) predicted levels of depression and explained 34% of the variance in depression. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study showed depression had a more close relationship with metacognitions than anxiety did. Despite the limitations, our findings highlight the possible relationship between two important cognitive models and anxiety and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

he objective of this review is to assess the potential inclusion of animal-assisted therapy practices in the treatment of depression. Given the documented rise in the incidence of depression in recent years, there is a recognized significance in exploring innovative approaches to depression treatments. While previous studies and systematic reviews have investigated animal-assisted therapy in general or in relation to topics like anxiety, no specific study detailing the impact of animal-assisted therapy practices on depression treatment was identified. Consequently, this review was undertaken to fill this gap. The review focused on studies conducted between 2011 and 2022, evaluating a total of 6 randomized controlled studies. The findings from these studies suggest that integrating animal-assisted therapy practices into the depression treatment process can yield positive effects. Despite the observed benefits, it is important to note that systematic application of animal-assisted therapy reveals certain deficiencies. Therefore, there is a recognized need for additional studies to address and refine the systematic implementation of animal-assisted therapy in the context of treating depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequencies of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Turkey after the COVID-19 vaccinations and to evaluate the associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Turkey between November and December 2021. We used a demographic data form, COVID-19 vaccination status, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, General Anxiety Disorder-7, the Insomnia Severity Index, and the National Stressful Events Survey post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Short Scale. Results: A total of 1013 HCWs participated in the study. Women constituted 68.5% of the participants, 65.4% were physicians, 32.5% had histories of COVID-19, and 98.0% had received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. Depressive symptoms were exhibited by 50.3% of the HCWs, while 35.7% exhibited anxiety, 44.6% insomnia, and 12.0% PTSD symptoms. Nurses reported significantly greater depression (p<0.001), anxiety (p<0.001), insomnia (p<0.001), and PTSD (p<0.001) symptoms than physicians did. No statistically significant association was determined in terms of the reporting of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and PTSD symptoms and receipt of COVID-19 vaccination. Conclusions: The prevalence of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and PTSD symptoms among health workers decreased from the beginning of the pandemic, although the prevalence of these symptoms was still high. Nurses exhibited greater depressive, anxiety, insomnia, and PTSD symptoms than physicians. Receipt or non-receipt of vaccination, or the number of doses involved, caused no difference in terms of mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cancer among women. Many BC patients suffer from sleep problems, which have a negative impact on their quality of life (QoL). Our study aims to investigate sleep problems in BC patients treated with active chemotherapy or in remission in comparison with a healthy control group (HCG), given the importance of sleep disorders and QoL. Materials and Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted. Four different surveys including sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire, Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), hospital anxiety and depression scale and The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer core quality of life questionnaire (QLQ-C30) were used to collect study parameters. Results: Of 164 participants, the mean age was 42.0±11.7 years. Overall PSQI median score for all participants was 6 points (range, 3-9 points). PSQI median value was higher in cancer patients compared to the control group, which were 6 points (range, 4-9 points), and 4 points (range, 3-7 points), respectively (p=0.004). The mean depression score was 5 points (range, 3-8 points) in BC patients, and 4 points (range, 2-6 points) in HCGs, respectively (p=0.025). Having BC diagnosis was an independent factor increasing the risk of bad sleep quality in compared to healthy controls (odds ratio: 2.568, 95% confidence interval: 1.169-5.645; p=0.019). Conclusion: There was a close association between poor sleep quality, depression and QoL scores in patients with BC. In patients with breast cancer, appropriate management of associated comorbidities will aid a better quality of life in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine dental students' fears of contracting infectious diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic and to assess the impact of the pandemic on their education and levels of depression. The questionnaire forms were distributed to dentistry faculty students via Google Forms in this cross-sectional survey study. The questionnaire included demographic information, questions about the impact of the pandemic on dental education, and the Zung depression scale to determine students' depression levels.413 students, 163 male and 250 female, participated in the survey. The majority of students (48.4%) reported that a dentist had a 'very high' probability of contracting COVID-19 during their dental service and 42.1% reported a 'moderate' risk of contracting COVID-19 during clinical training activities. 32.4% of the students stated that the COVID-19 pandemic affected their education careers 'too much' and 25.4% reported 'extremely'. 44.6% of the students think that the Covid 19 pandemic has 'greatly' affected their acquisition of practical skills. The majority of students (57.4%) stated that distance education cannot replace face-to-face education.The majority of the students, who thought clinical education activities would expose them to an 'extreme' risk of contracting COVID-19, were depressed according to the depression scale scores (p=0.001). The majority of those who answered 'extremely' and 'very much' about the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their educational career had a mild depression score (p=0.03). The majority of those who answered 'too much' and 'extremely' to the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their educational career had mild depression scores (p=0.03).The majority of students who were mildly and moderatelydepressed were women.According to the results of the study, students thought that online education could not replace face-to- face education. The thought that there is a high risk of contracting COVID-19 professionally was determined as the cause of depression in most students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most people had a perception of COVID-19 as an illness throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, and this inevitably resulted in developing psychological symptoms which in the end yielded to lower levels of well-being. These experiences affected the people who were in a relationship during the pandemic, hence the quality of their relationship was influenced by all these individual feelings. Regarding this context, the current study aimed to explore the mediation role of perceived symptom change in the association between well-being and COVID-19 perceptions, controlling for the effect of relationship quality. To achieve this goal, 174 (N = 124 women, N = 49 men) participants were recruited. Results of the study put forth that (1) there was a positive association between COVID-19 illness perception and symptom change, (2) there was a negative association between perceived symptom change and well-being, (3) there was a negative association between COVID-19 illness perception and well-being, (4) relationship quality was positively associated with well-being, and (5) the symptom change mediated the association between COVID-19 illness perception and well-being in the case relationship quality was considered as a covariate. Limitations and recommendations for further research are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Many studies conducted so far have shown that sleep has a great impact on physical and psychological health. In parenting, on the other hand, the sleep quality of the person deteriorates and problems such as depression and eating disorders may occur. In this study, it was aimed to shed light on the effects on the psychological and physical health of parents by examining the relationship between sleep quality and eating attitude and anxiety-depression of parents who have babies aged 0-24 months. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted prospectively on 260 parents who had babies aged 0-24 months, who applied to the Pediatrics Polyclinic of Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Medical Faculty Hospital between August-November 2019. A questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PUKI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD), Eating Attitude Scale (EAS) were filled in by face-to-face interview method. Statistical analysis R 3.5.1. program and statistical significance level was accepted as p<0.05. Results: The mean PUKI score was significantly higher in women than in men (p<0.001). As the child's waking frequency increases, both the parent's PUKI score (p<0.001) and the frequency of poor sleep quality increase significantly (p=0.002). The frequency of poor sleep quality was significantly more common in women (69.3%) than men (46.3%) (p=0.002). There is a moderately positive correlation between the total PUKI score and the HAD depression score (r=0.41, p<0.001), and a strongly significant positive correlation between the total PUKI score and the HAD anxiety score (r=0.50, p<0.001). There is a strong and significant positive correlation between HAD depression and HAD anxiety score (r=0.64, p<0.001). There was a weak and positive correlation between HAD depression score and total EAS score (r=0.19, p=0.010). There is also a moderately significant positive correlation between HAD anxiety score and total EAS score (r=0.27, p<0.001). Conclusion: It should not be forgotten by every healthcare professional that not only mothers but also fathers are affected by the problems experienced in the postpartum period, and that parents should be followed up as well as the baby in the follow-up and management of this process in health services after birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Many studies conducted so far have shown that sleep has a great impact on physical and psychological health. In parenting, on the other hand, the sleep quality of the person deteriorates and problems such as depression and eating disorders may occur. In this study, it was aimed to shed light on the effects on the psychological and physical health of parents by examining the relationship between sleep quality and eating attitude and anxiety-depression of parents who have babies aged 0-24 months. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted prospectively on 260 parents who had babies aged 0-24 months, who applied to the Pediatrics Polyclinic of Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Medical Faculty Hospital between August-November 2019. A questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PUKI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD), Eating Attitude Scale (EAS) were filled in by face-to-face interview method. Statistical analysis R 3.5.1. program and statistical significance level was accepted as p<0.05. Results: The mean PUKI score was significantly higher in women than in men (p<0.001). As the child's waking frequency increases, both the parent's PUKI score (p<0.001) and the frequency of poor sleep quality increase significantly (p=0.002). The frequency of poor sleep quality was significantly more common in women (69.3%) than men (46.3%) (p=0.002). There is a moderately positive correlation between the total PUKI score and the HAD depression score (r=0.41, p<0.001), and a strongly significant positive correlation between the total PUKI score and the HAD anxiety score (r=0.50, p<0.001). There is a strong and significant positive correlation between HAD depression and HAD anxiety score (r=0.64, p<0.001). There was a weak and positive correlation between HAD depression score and total EAS score (r=0.19, p=0.010). There is also a moderately significant positive correlation between HAD anxiety score and total EAS score (r=0.27, p<0.001). Conclusion: It should not be forgotten by every healthcare professional that not only mothers but also fathers are affected by the problems experienced in the postpartum period, and that parents should be followed up as well as the baby in the follow-up and management of this process in health services after birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Teachers are in a good position to provide first aid to students with mental health problems. The aim of the study is to determine the attitudes of teachers towards individuals with mental health problems and the factors affecting them. Materials-methods: The research, which is a cross-sectional descriptive study, was conducted with teachers reached online via social media. Sociodemographic information form, Hospital Anxiety-Depression Scale and Community Attitudes towards the Mentally Illness Scale were applied to the teachers through Google forms. The data were evaluated with the SPSS 20 statistical program. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In this study, 477 teachers were participated. Psychological Counseling and Guidance (PCG) teachers' "mental health ideology" (19.24±3.99) and "goodwill" scores (18.07±3.16) were found lower than the scores of preschool and classroom teachers (p=0.001; p=0.014). The goodwill score of male teachers (20.27±3.66) was higher than that of female teachers (19.38±3.19). The risk of anxiety was in 17.00% of the teachers participating in the study and the risk of depression was in 27.62%. The goodwill approach of teachers with anxiety risk to those with mental problems was lower than those without anxiety risk (p=0.003). Conclusion: It is noteworthy that the attitudes of teachers towards individuals with mental health problems are at a moderate level, and that the attitudes of teachers who are especially young, women and who frequently encounter these patients are negatively affected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study compared the differences in functionality and depression between younger and older patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Materials and Methods: This multi-center cross-sectional survey enrolled subjects with CLBP who visited physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics in seven different regions of Turkey. Sociodemographic data were collected via questionnaires. Functional status was evaluated with Roland-Morris Disability index (RMDI), and psychological health was evaluated with Beck Depression inventory (BDI). Results: The sample included 106 younger [mean age: 24.3 (range: 18-30) years] and 104 older [mean age: 70.5 (range: 65-108) years] subjects. No significant difference was found in the gender distribution between the younger (38 males, 68 females) and older (38 males, 66 females) groups (p=0.917). The BDI was 11.90±10.6 in the younger subjects and 16.17±10.72 in the older subjects (p=0.002), whereas the mean RMDIs were 10.31±6.36 and 16.04±5.36, respectively (p=0.001). Conclusion: The loss of functional capacity and depression resulting from CLBP are serious threats to public health and are predictive of chronic disability. The development of social programs that address risk factors will reduce the risk of CLBP, improve quality of life, reduce workforce losses and contribute significantly to public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Periorbital edema and ecchymosis are frequently observed after rhinoplasty. Stress response, inflammation and catabolic process affect the formation of edema and ecchymosis. Anxiety and stress response have an effect on wound healing and postoperative recovery. This study aimed to investigate whether preoperative anxiety and depression levels affect periorbital edema and ecchymosis. Materials and Methods: In this study, 94 (51 female, 43 female) patients were assessed. Beck Anxiety and Beck Depression scales were filled 1 hour before surgery by the patients. The relationship between edema and ecchymosis that may occur after surgery and anxiety, depression and quality of extubation was evaluated. Results: According to this study there was not correlation between preoperative anxiety, depression, extubation quality and edema, ecchymosis and no statistically significant difference was found (p>0.05). Conclusion: Anxiety and depression, which are commonly seen before surgery, had no effect on periorbital edema and ecchymosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Many studies have shown the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on postpartum depression (PPD) as a stressor. In this study, we aimed to examine the frequency of PPD and the associated sociodemographic-obstetric factors in mothers who gave birth or were in the third trimester during the fourth wave of the pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 211 women who underwent a postpartum checkup between December 2021 and August 2022. All women had given birth or spent the last part of their pregnancy in the fourth wave of the pandemic. PPD was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). In addition, the authors assessed sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics with a form. Results: The prevalence of PPD was 22.7% (EPDS cut-off score ≥ 13). EPDS scores were higher in those with inadequate social support, fear of childbirth, or having a past psychiatric illness. Conclusions: In the late pandemic, the negative effect on PPD does not seem to continue. However, PPD remains a significant public health problem in Turkiye. In addition, some sociodemographic characteristics associated with PPD continue to pose risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behavioral experiments have been conducted since the classical conditioning research of Ivan Pavlov in 1904. Experimental research plays an important role in understanding the mechanisms of diseases, preventing these diseases, and developing effective treatment methods. Research using animal models is very important to understand the mechanisms of these diseases and to develop effective treatment strategies. Animal models are widely used in the research of a treatment method, the development of novel treatment protocols, and the discovery of new drug molecules. The efficacy of the drug to be developed is very important both for testing whether the animal model is formed before starting the research and for the effectiveness of the drug in treatment and for the elucidation of the mechanisms to be investigated. Therefore, evaluations are usually made with behavioral experiments. Each behavioral experiment has its own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, the researcher should be aware of these advantages and limitations before choosing the most appropriate behavioral experiment. This review aimed to describe the most commonly used learning, memory, anxiety, depression, and motor function behavioral experimental protocols in experimental models such as Alzheimer's, epilepsy, migraine, neuropathic pain, schizophrenia, Parkinson's, cerebral ischemia, and traumatic brain injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to self-discrepancy theory, differences between people's actual, ideal, and ought selves make them vulnerable to psychological distress. From a psychoanalytic perspective, being away from the desired state of self poses a threat to the maintenance of ego integrity, and thus has been associated with the experience of a variety of psychological problems, including depressive symptoms and anxiety. To maintain ego integrity and cope with these uncomfortable psychological states, people resort to different defense styles. At this point, defense styles (i.e., mature, neurotic, and immature) are thought to be important mediators in explaining the relationship between selfdiscrepancies (i.e., ideal, ought, and undesirable) and psychological distress (i.e., depression and anxiety). Therefore, this study aims to examine the mediating effect of defense styles on the relationship between self-discrepancies and psychological distress. Data were collected from 565 participants, 361 of whom were women, aged between 18 and 64 years. The participants completed the Integrated Self-discrepancy Index, Defense Style Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, and Trait form of Trait-State Anxiety Inventory. To test the proposed hypothesis, six separate mediation analyses were conducted using the Hayes Process Macro method. The results revealed that both mature and immature defenses mediated the association between all self-discrepancies and psychological distress. On the other hand, neurotic defenses did not have any mediation role between self-discrepancies and psychological distress relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: There may be an association between hyperprolactinemia and autoimmune diseases, possibly because of the immunostimulatory effect of prolactin. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of thyroid and non-thyroid autoimmune diseases, serum B-cell activating factor (BAFF), and proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) levels as indicators of increased autoimmunity, quality of life, depression, and anxiety in patients with prolactinoma. Methods: Fifty-six premenopausal women with prolactinoma and 50 healthy premenopausal women were included in the study. Autoimmune markers, including anti-nuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor immunoglobulin M (IgM) (RF-IgM), anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA), anti-transglutaminase IgA (anti TG-IgA), and anti-Sjogren's syndrome A (anti-ssA), serum BAFF, APRIL and vitamin B12 levels, thyroid function tests, anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), anti-thyroglobulin and thyroid Doppler ultrasound, were evaluated. Short-form 36, Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Anxiety Inventory tests were also used. Results: The prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) was 32.1% in the patient group, whereas the prevalence of newly diagnosed AIT was similar to controls (p>0.05). Vitamin B12 deficiency was higher in patients with prolactinoma than in controls (25.6% and 9.1%, p=0.016). Autoantibody positivity was found to be similar between the groups (35.7% and 28.1%, p=0.25). Serum BAFF and APRIL levels were not different in patients with prolactinoma than in controls (p>0.05). Quality of life, anxiety, and depression scores were not different between patients with or without AIT and those with or without positivity for any autoantibody (p>0.05). Conclusion: One-third of the patients were diagnosed with AIT and onefourth of the patients had vitamin B12 deficiency in our study. However, non-thyroid autoimmune diseases did not increase and no alterations were detected in serum BAFF/APRIL levels in patients with prolactinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it was aimed to determine the psychological resilience, anxiety, depression and stress levels of female textile workers and the effect of occupational health and safety practices in the workshops where they work on their exposure to occupational accidents. A total of 447 women working in 9 textile workshops selected by purposive sampling method were included in the sample of the descriptive and cross-sectional study. Research data were collected using a sociodemographic information form, questions investigating occupational health and safety, the Brief Resilience Scale, and the Depression-Anxiety-Stress (DAS-21) Scale. 14.8% of the participants experienced occupational accidents in the last 12 months. The occurrence of occupational accidents was significantly lower for those workplaces with a regular reporting and record-keeping system for workplace accidents, those maintaining a clean and well-maintained work environment compared to those that did not, those keeping workloads and working hours at an appropriate level compared to those that did not, and those providing occupational health and safety training to new recruits compared to those that did not. No significant impact of psychological resilience, anxiety, depression, and stress levels on the occurrence of occupational accidents was identified. The implementation of occupational health and safety practices in textile workshops plays a crucial role in reducing occupational accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status, depression and fatigue status of patients with Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS). The study was carried out on 30 MS patients (Patient Group: PG) and a control group consisting of 30 healthy volunteers with similar characteristics (Control Group: CG). It was found that the relationship between depression and fatigue among MS patients was positive (p<0.05). The mean score of the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) was 5.65±1.57 in PG patients and 3.10±0.97 in CG patients. The fatigue level of the patients was significantly higher than that of the controls (p<0.05). A negative correlation was found between vitamin B12 intake and the scores of the FSS and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) in patients with PG (p<0.05). The study showed that fatigue and depression in MS patients were closely related their dietary habits. Since low serum B12 levels may increase the risk of fatigue and depression, attention should be paid to vitamin B12 intake. In order to improve the quality of life of MS patients, their nutrition should be closely monitored and a balanced and healthy nutrition plan appropriate to their needs should be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The clinical assessment of depression is based on observation and subjective patient complaints of almost all psychiatric disorders. Psychomotor retardation is one of the leading symptoms of depression, and as an indicator of this, physical activity is reduced in depressed patients. In this study, we aimed to develop a machine learning-based objective diagnostic support method for diagnosing depression using a dataset of daily physical activity data of individuals with and without depression as a reference. After detailed feature searches, we identified the four best features by Fisher Feature Selection. Using the Ensemble Bagged Tree method, we achieved a better classification result than the reference study, with an accuracy of 0.88. In addition, we found that the accuracy exceeded 0.90 when more than the four features we limited to compare with the reference study were selected. Thus, we could distinguish between individuals with and without depression with high accuracy with the machine learning-based method, which we developed using physical activity data. This study has shown promising results that activity data can be used as a diagnostic tool for depression. Our results show that different biomarkers, such as physical activity, when used with machine learning, can potentially overcome the lack of objective diagnostic support criteria in psychiatric evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uncertainty is a multidimensional concept that every society and individual inevitably experiences in social life. When the relevant literature is examined, it is seen that variables related to uncertainty have positive relationships with the increase in psychological structures such as depression and anxiety. The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which Turkish and French university students perceive the uncertainty, which is anticipated to become more visible particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as any potential cultural differences in certain psychological variables related to this perception. For this purpose, data collection was conducted simultaneously from university students in Turkey (N = 421) and France (N = 391). The data obtained were combined in a single data set and the sample groups were coded as two categorized variables. The relationship between the level of uncertainty perceived by university students and their intolerance to uncertainty, depression, anxiety, and stress levels, which are considered as common psychological health constructs, was analyzed. In addition, it was tested whether the level of intolerance to uncertainty mediates the relationship between perceived uncertainty and common psychological health constructs and whether these relationships differ in two cultural groups. The results showed that intolerance of uncertainty partly mediated the relationship between perceived uncertainty and common psychological health constructs. However, this mediation model does not show a significant difference in Turkey and France samples. Therefore, it was concluded that reactions to uncertainty do not differ culturally for Turkish and French samples. These original findings are discussed based on the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To determine the volume status of patients undergoing hemodialysis using the bioimpedance method and to investigate the relationship of volume status with the patients’ quality of life, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality. Material and Method This cross-sectional study included a total of 100 patients undergoing hemodialysis at the Hemodialysis Unit in March 2016. The volume status of the patients was determined using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) performed with a body composition monitor before their mid-week hemodialysis sessions. The quality of life was evaluated using the 36-item Short Form Survey, sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), depression screening was performed with the Beck Depression Inventory, and anxiety screening was undertaken with the Beck Anxiety Inventory. The patients were divided into three groups according to the extracellular fluid/ total body fluid (ECF/TBF) ratio, which is one of the BIA parameters: Group 1, <25th percentile (ECF/ TBF<0.426 L, n=24); Group 2, 25-50th percentile (ECF/TBF: 0.426-0.438 L, n=37); and Group 3, 50- 75th percentile (ECF/TBF: 0.438-0.481 L, n=39). Statistical analyses were performed for the three groups. Results The ECF/TBF ratio was found to be higher in female patients, individuals who lived alone, and those with a low educational level. As the ECF/TBF ratio increased, there was a deterioration in the physical and mental components of quality of life, including physical functioning (p<0.001), physical role difficulties (p=0.03), general health perceptions (p=0.03), mental component (p=0.02), mental health (p=0.01), social functioning (p<0.001), and vitality (p=0.01). The rate of depression was 40% in all patients, 25% in Group 1, 43% in Group 2, and 45% in Group 3. As the ECF/TBF ratio increased, a statistically non-significant increase was observed in depression scores. The PSQI total score was found to be above 5 in all patients included in the study. Conclusion It was determined that as the ECF/TBF ratio increased in hemodialysis patients, the quality of life decreased, depression and anxiety symptoms increased, sleep quality deteriorated, sleep efficiency decreased, and sleep duration was shortened. Considering the impact of all these factors on patients’ morbidity and survival, it is important to determine volume status and dry weight in patients undergoing hemodialysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Written Emotional Expression Paradigm is an intervention aimed at expressing emotions and it is applied as writing emotions in a certain time and on consecutive days. It has been found that this intervention has positive effects on both physical and psychological health in various disease groups. The aim of the study was to test the effectiveness of the intervention in terms of depression, anxiety and psychological rigidity with breast cancer patients. For this purpose, 82 female breast cancer patients were randomly assigned to the intervention groups and control group. Participants in the both groups filled out the questionnaire set as pretest, posttest and follow-up (one month after the writing intervention). Demographic Information Form, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire -II questionnaire set were given to all participants. In addition to these scales, appropriate writing booklets were given to the participants in the intervention groups. According to the ANOVA and t-Test results, it was determined that the intervention applied had an effect on decreasing the depression and psychological rigidity levels for a short time only in the positive writing group. It was found that the intervention applied did not have the expected effect on the level of anxiety. There are findings in the related literature that this intervention method is both effective and does not show the expected effect. It has been observed that the results of the present study are similar to the literature in this respect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: There is strong evidence that excess and early cardiovascular disease (CVD) occurs in patients with unipolar depression (UD) and bipolar disorder - depressive episode (BD-d). The aim of this study is to evaluate plasma atherogenic index (AIP), atherogenic coefficient (AC), Castelli risk index I-II (CRI-I and II) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) related ratios in UD, BD-d and HC. Methods: The present study was designed as a retrospective and observational study. This study included 128 patients with UD, 184 individuals as a healthy control group and 34 patients with BD-d. AIP [log (TG/HDL)], AC [(TC-HDL)/HDL], CRI-I (TC/HDL) and II (LDL/HDL), MHR (monocyte/HDL), NHR (neutrophil/HDL), PHR (platelet/HDL) and LHR (lymphocyte/HDL) were calculated in these three groups. ANCOVA was used for age- and sexadjusted means. Results: There were significant differences in fasting glucose (FG) (p=0.016), LDL (p=0.004), HDL (p<0.001), TG (p<0.001), TC (p=0.01), AIP (p<0.001), NHR (p<0.001), MHR (p=0.007), LHR (p<0.001), PHR (p<0.001) between three groups. All these metabolic parameters were correlated with duration of disorder. Conclusion: Along with the care of a depressive episode, the management of abnormal metabolic parameters should be planned during diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment. Assessment of AIP and NHR, especially in chronic and unresponsive processes, may be useful in both disorders. In future studies, it is recommended to conduct large-scale studies that are prospectively designed, that monitor the severity of the disease, and that evaluate the CVD risk parameters and treatment of the participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, negative attitudes, prejudices, and stereotypes about mental illnesses have prevailed, and this information has been inherited from generation to generation. The influence of media content has played a significant role in conveying and spreading information about mental illnesses. The aim of this study is to examine the discourses produced about the disease in question through representations of depression in advertisements and to evaluate the relationship of these discourses with the stigmatization process of individuals with depression. Through purposive sampling, three advertisements for chocolate/chocolate products by the brand "Eti" were selected. In this qualitative study, the advertisements were analyzed using Fairclough's critical discourse analysis. The analysis of the advertisements was conducted through four themes: the discourse of the depressive woman, the discourse of loneliness, the discourse of humor, and the discourse of consumption as a treatment. In the advertisements examined, depression is represented as a disease seen only in women that can be cured by consuming chocolate, humorous narrative is preferred, and the disease is placed in a position far from seriousness, in line with the common view in society. As a result, the representations of depression in the analyzed advertisements align with negative attitudes, prejudices, stereotypes, and discriminatory views entrenched in society regarding depression. These negative thoughts maintain their existence by being fed through advertisements and are deeply embedded in the social and cultural structure. This situation reinforces the stigmatization process of individuals suffering from depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the spirituality and depression, psychological resilience of parents who have children with special needs according to some socio-demographic variables. The study is in descriptive and relational design. The study was completed with the participation of 284 parents. Descriptive Characteristics Form, Spirituality Scale (SS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Brief Psychological Resilience Scale (BPRS) were used as data collection tools. The data of the study were analyzed with SPSS 25.A statistically significant difference was found between demographic variables and depression (family type, presence of another person receiving care at home, age and education level) and psychological resilience (marital status, employment, status and disability of the child) of parents with special needs children (p<0.05).According to the results of the correlation analysis, a positive and low-level significant relationship (r =,199; p=,001) was found between the spirituality and psychological resilience of parents who have children with special needs. It was determined that there was a negative and low-level significant relationship between spirituality and depression levels of parents (r = -.140; p= .019). In addition, it was determined that the mean scores of the Spirituality Scale, Beck Depression Inventory and Brief Psychological Resilience Scale of parents were "18.44", "18.37" and "23.80", respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the role of social support and coping strategies in moderating the psychological distress of cancer patients during high-stress health crises. Material and Method: From June 2022 to January 2023, we collected data from 206 cancer patients and 202 healthy controls at Florence Nightingale Hospital. Minimizing the immediate psychosocial impacts and aiming to investigate more chronic, longer-term psychological responses, during a 'return to normalcy' participants completed the Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Questionnaire, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Result: Cancer patients reported higher levels of anxiety and depression than healthy controls (13.73±7.18 vs. 11.15±7.70, 12.94±5.39 vs. 9.98±6.93, p<0.001). Higher perceived social support, especially from family (b=-0.043; p=0.024 for anxiety, b=-0.028; p=0.044 for depression) and significant others (romantic or life partners) (b=-0.021; p=0.028 for anxiety), moderated the relationship between fear and mental health outcomes, reducing the severity of anxiety and depression symptoms. In contrast, the use of maladaptive coping strategies was found to amplify these outcomes (b=0.162; p<0.001 for anxiety, b=0.1307; p<0.001 for depression). Conclusion: Being the first study in the literature to investigate the buffering role of social support and coping mechanisms on fear, depression, and anxiety within a cancer patient cohort, it provides valuable insights for practitioners. These findings are of practical relevance to clinicians aiming to improve mental health among cancer patients in times of global crises, emphasizing the importance of fostering social support and promoting adaptive coping strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Internet usage has become popular among children in the last decade. Little is known about how children should use the digital world. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between Internet use, frequency of Internet use under parental supervision, and depressive symptoms in children. Material and Methods: The prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 79 children aged 7-18 years old and their families who applied to the pediatric clinics between March 2021 and June 2021. The participants completed an online questionnaire, including sociodemographic data, children’s Internet use, and the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI). Children’s Internet use was asked with a questionnaire created by ourselves for this study. Results: The present study found no significant relationship between Internet usage time and depressive symptoms in children. Nevertheless, we showed that children who used the Internet more frequently under parental supervision and used the Internet for study purposes had lower depressive symptoms (p=0.026, p<0.001). Conclusion: Internet use under parental supervision might protect children against the harmful effects of the digital world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: It is known that anxiety and depression are associated with sleep disorders and many systemic diseases. This study aims to analyse the relationship between anxiety, depression symptoms and sleep parameters among the patients subjected to polysomnographic recording. Material and Methods: A total of 808 patients who were subjected to a polysomnographic recording were included in the retrospective cross-sectional and hospital-based study. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Anxiety and depression symptoms were evaluated using the Beck anxiety and Beck depression inventory. Patients were divided into groups according to anxiety and depression scores. The apnoea hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI), and peripheral oxygen saturation (SaO2) were obtained from the polysomnographic recordings. Results: In the study, there were 528 (65.3%) male and 280 (34.7%) female patients with the mean age of 47.64 ± 12.25 (18-82). Depression was detected in 307 (38.0%) patients according to Beck depression score. Mild anxiety symptoms were detected in 516 (63.9%), moderate anxiety symptoms in 215 (26.6%) patients and severe anxiety symptoms in 77 (9.5%) patients according to Beck anxiety score. There was a statistical difference for all polysomnographic parameters in depression and anxiety severity groups (p=0.001). In patients with depression had lower free-T3 and higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (p=0.001, p=0.014). The difference between thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and FT4 levels was determined according to the severity of the depression (p=0.037, p=0.047). CRP was higher in patients with severe anxiety (p=0.008); and free-T3 was lower in patients with moderate and severe anxiety (p=0.003, p=0.001). In the logistic regression analysis, free-T3, minimum SaO2 and BMI had an impact on anxiety (p=0.002, p=0.033, p=0.031) and depression (p=0.001, p=0.017, p=0.035). Conclusion: Anxiety and depression symptoms are affected by numerous factors, especially sleep characteristics. Minimum SaO2, CRP and free-T3 are main predisposing factors on anxiety and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to examine the relationship between the presence of suicidal ideation and attempt history and maladaptive schemas in individuals with major depressive disorder. Materials and methods: The experimental group consisted of 28 individuals who were diagnosed with major depressive disorder, had a history of suicide attempt and active suicidal ideation. 26 individuals who did not have active suicidal ideation and any history of suicide attempt constituted the control group. Sociodemographic data form, Beck Anxiety Scale, Beck Depression Scale, Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale and Young Schema Scale-Short Form-3 were administered to the participants. Results: The groups differed in terms of all scale scores (p<0.5). There was a significant positive correlation between “emotional inhibition” and “dependence” subscales with the severity of depression. There was positive correlation between “pessimism”, “mistrust”, “emotional inhibition”, “dependence”, “entitlement/insufficient self-control” and “self-sacrifice” subscales with the severity of suicidal ideation. There was positive correlation between the number of suicide attempts and all schema dimensions. Conclusion: It is known that schemas have important effects on suicidal thoughts and attempts. However, the data on which schema dimensions increase this risk are limited and contradictory. Therefore, defining schemas that can predict suicide risk may be useful in case formulation and risk assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: Poor sleep quality in hemodialysis patients causes a decrease in quality of life. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep quality, depression, death anxiety and perceived pain. Methods: A total of 101 patients with chronic kidney disease under hemodialysis were included in this cross-sectional study. The assessment tools were Beck Depression Inventory, Death Anxiety Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Visual Analogue Scale. Results: The mean age of the patients was 51.9±13.1. Ninety-six (95%) patients had a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score of 6 or above which indicates poor sleep quality. 64.4% of the patients had mild to severe depressive symptoms in terms of the Beck Depression Inventory. There were significant correlations between Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Death Anxiety Scale (r: 0.382), Visual Analogue Scale (r: 0.261), and Beck Depression Inventory (r: 0.483). Conclusion: Poor sleep quality is a common problem in hemodialysis patients. Death anxiety, pain, and depression are associated with poor sleep in hemodialysis patients. It is recommended to consider poor sleep quality to provide appropriate treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that some measures are applied at the individual and social level during the pandemic process, which is called a global trauma. Although these measures work to protect individuals from physical diseases, they are known to cause some mental health problems. Religion, as one of the coping tools used by people in the fight against psycho-social problems that emerged during the pandemic period, draws attention as a mechanism that people show more interest in, especially in times of crisis. In this aspect, religious coping comes to the fore as an important defense tool that people often resort to in the process of coping with stressful situations. In the Covid-19 process, the functional power of religion on people's mental health becomes even more important. As a matter of fact, the limited possibilities of combating the epidemic draws attention as an effective factor in turning to religion. When we look at the studies around "religious coping", it is seen that there are studies with mostly European-American centered participants/sample groups. In this context, it can be stated that there is a need for studies on different ethnic and religious groups during the pandemic process. As a matter of fact, religious coping can reveal different effects in individuals who follow different religions. This study aims to examine the associations between fear of Covid-19, religious coping, and mental health by using a data set coming from 402 participants who are 18 and older (%55.7 women; %44.3 man). After measuring fear of Covid-19, religious coping, depression, stress, and anxiety levels of the participants, we conducted Pearson correlation and regression analyses. As expected, significant relationships were found between the main variables of the study. The findings have indicated that (a) fear of Covid-19 is positively associated with negative religious coping, (b) fear of Covid-19 is entirely unrelated to positive religious coping, (c) positive religious coping is inversely associated with depression, stress, and anxiety, (d) negative religious coping is positively associated with depression, stress, and anxiety, and (e) positive religious coping buffers the deleterious effects of depression, stress, and anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to explore the link between anxiety, depression, psychological resilience, and somatization in individuals diagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD), a significant psychiatric condition of both individual and societal importance, whose origins remain unknown. Forty male patients with ASPD and 40 healthy controls participated in this research. Various assessments including Sociodemographic forms, Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Somatization Scale were administered to all participants. The findings revealed that individuals diagnosed with ASPD exhibited notably lower scores in RSA-structural style, future perception, family cohesion, self-perception, social inadequacy, social resources subscales, and overall RSA-total score compared to the control group. Moreover, the patient group demonstrated significantly higher scores in the Somatization scale, BDI, and BAI compared to the control group. The study also identified significant negative correlations between RSA-total and Somatization scale (r=-0.450, p=0.004), as well as significant positive correlations between Somatization scale and BDI (r=0.644, p<0.05) and BAI (r=0.609, p<0.05). Furthermore, a substantial positive correlation was established between BAI and BDI (r=0.878, p<0.05). In conclusion, individuals with ASPD displayed lower psychological resilience and higher levels of somatization, depression, and anxiety symptoms. Considering these outcomes, the assessment of psychotherapeutic and medical interventions for individuals with ASPD could prove beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rumination means dealing with one's own feelings and thoughts passively and repetitively. There are two types of rumination: reflection, and brooding. Rumination prepares a suitable ground for many mental disorders, especially depression. The incidence of depressive symptoms in women was reported to be higher than in men. It has been claimed that the frequency and severity of depression may be increasing due to rumination since rumination is also higher in women. Studies in the literature have often progressed on a single type of rumination, brooding. Reflection is often considered a positive coping style and protective because it is related to problem solving, but inconsistent results have been obtained in studies on the effect on depression. In our study, we aimed to examine the effect of gender on depression by considering reflection and brooding separately instead of evaluating rumination only through brooding. Two hundred and twenty-seven university students were invited to the study, and 196 of them agreed to participate in the study. A sociodemographic form, ruminative responses scale, and patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) were applied to the participants who accepted the study. Correlation analyses and linear regression were applied to the obtained data. Brooding and reflection scores were positively correlated with the PHQ-9 scores. Women got higher scores in brooding and reflection scales than men. Women got higher scores in PHQ-9 than men but it is not significant statistically. In linear regression analyses, brooding and reflection scores positively significantly predicted PHQ-9 scores. Women have higher depressive symptoms and are considered more ruminative, but only ruminative thinking (both brooding and reflection) can predict depressive symptoms. Interventions targeting both brooding and maladaptive reflection are recommended to treat major depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: It is natural to expect chronic anxiety and depressive disorders in a cancer patient. Chronic diseases are generally investigated as potential comorbidities before surgery, whereas anxiety and depressive disorders are typically overlooked. However, psychological status plays a critical role in recovery following surgery. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of preoperative anxiety and depression in colorectal cancer (CRC) and gastric cancer (GC) patients and evaluate their effects on postoperative outcomes. Methods: This questionnaire-based observational study enrolled 101 consecutive GC and CRC patients who underwent curative surgical resection. Preoperative anxiety and depression were assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory 24-48 h before the surgery. Demographics and other clinical and surgical characteristics of patients were also recorded. Scores 18 and above were interpreted as clinically relevant anxiety and depression. Results: The prevalence rates of clinically significant anxiety and depression were 16.8% and 12.9%, respectively. A significant association was found between preoperative depression and postoperative complications (p=0.006). A positive and significant correlation was found between preoperative depression and tumor stage (r=0.224, p=0.024) and neoadjuvant treatment (r=0.226, p=0.023). Higher education decreased statistically preoperative anxiety (r=-0.275, p=0.005) and depression (r=-0.283, p=0.004). There was no significant relationship between preoperative anxiety and depression and postoperative overall survival and length of hospital stay (p>0.05). Conclusion: Our study showed that CRC patients were more exposed to both anxiety and depression in contrast to GC patients. According to our results, neoadjuvant therapy, tumor stage, and education level affected psychological distress before surgery. Identification of patients at risk of preoperative anxiety and depression using a questionnaire is reliable. A series of education of patients and their families and providing professional psychological support to those in need may improve postoperative outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Our study aimed to investigate the effect of chronic spontaneous urticaria on sexual health and functioning, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, quality of life, and internalized stigma in female patients. Material and Methods: In the present study, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Chronic Urticaria Quality of Life Index, Female Sexual Function Index, Rosenberg SelfEsteem Scale, and Internalized Stigma in Urticaria Scale were administered to moderately-severe female patients who were started on omalizumab treatment for chronic spontaneous urticaria. Results: Total Female Sexual Function Scale scores and sub-headings of this inventory; arousal, orgasm, and pain parameters were statistically significant after treatment (p<0.05). On the other hand, a negative change was observed in the sexual desire sub-parameter, which was statistically significant (p<0.05). Similarly, a significant improvement was found in the resistance to stigmatization parameter of the Internalized Stigma in Urticaria Scale and its sub-heading and the Chronic Urticaria Quality of Life Index, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory after treatment. It was determined that the disease duration variable was negatively correlated with the total score of the Female Sexual Function Scale and its sub-scores, lubrication, orgasm, pain, and satisfaction sub-headings, and positively correlated with the Rosenberg SelfEsteem Scale before treatment. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between Female Sexual Function Scale and Beck Anxiety Inventory. It was determined that the age variable of the patients was negatively correlated with the total score and subheadings of the Female Sexual Function Scale before treatment. Conclusion: In conclusion, it has been demonstrated that not only dermatologic assessment and treatment of disease severity but also some psychosocial issues such as sexual life should be taken into account in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has detrimental effects on both physical and mental health of patients. Since sleep quality is closely related to the health status of a person, deterioration in sleep is expected in these patients. The aim of this study was to detect sleep problems in 19 consecutive inpatients and compare them with other inpatients with different diagnoses in order to determine whether being a pandemic patient makes a significant difference. Materials and Methods: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index has a value between 0 and 21 points. High values indicate poor sleep quality and a high level of sleep disturbance. If the total score is above 5, it indicates that the sleep quality is clinically poor. The hospital anxiety depression scale is a self-report scale and consists of 14 items, 7 of which investigate depression and 7 anxiety symptoms. Results: Fifty one inpatients were included in this study as the control group (group 1). Fifty COVID-19 positive patients hospitalized in need of oxygen (group 3) and 50 COVID-19 positive patients hospitalized with no need for oxygen (group 2) were enrolled in the study. The oxygen need of patients was found to be significantly related to the presence of chronic diseases. Conclusion: Depression rates were found to be significantly higher in COVID-19 patients compared with the control group. Further studies with an increased number of cases are needed to establish a better link between oxygen need and sleep disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Primary immunodeficiency disorder (PID) comprises a broad, divergent group of disorders which emerge from defects in the development and functioning of the immune system. Our objective was to evaluate and compare emotional and behavioural problems in children and adolescents with PID. Material and Methods: The study involved 97 patients with PIDs following Bursa Uludağ University, Department of Pediatric Immunology from 2021 to 2022 and 82 healthy control. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale, and SNAP-IV Inattention and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity questionnaire were made to patients with PID and their caregivers regarding their concerns living with PID and to detect concurrent mental health. Results: Of 97 patients, 60 (61.2%) were female and 31 (38.8%) were male. The mean age of patients was 12.23±6.06 years. Common variable immunodeficiency (n=36, 37.6%) and Di George syndrome (n=23, 23.5%) were the most prevalent PIDs in the study, respectively. The children stated higher separation anxiety (p<0.01) panic disorder (<0.01). The parents disclosed statistically higher behavioral problems (p<0.01), social phobia (p<0.01) and depression (p<0.01). Conclusion: This study proved that living with PID negatively impacts children’s and adolescents' mental health. Psychological co-morbidities are extremely common amongst those with chronic illnesses. Improvements in health and disease education are required to ensure a high quality of life. To relieve the psychological strain on children and also their caregivers, therapeutic options should be placed, including various support groups and counseling options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between experiential avoidance, value-oriented life, and depression-anxiety-stress in individuals who identify themselves as homosexual or heterosexual and to reveal the predictive power of value orientation on depression, anxiety, and stress scores in homosexual individuals. A total of 359 people were included in the study, 184 of whom are homosexuals and 175 are heterosexuals. The data were analyzed using Independent Group's t-Test, Pearson product-moment correlation analysis, and Multiple Standard Regression analysis. The results of the study show that the progression and obstruction sub-dimensions of the VQ significantly predict depression by 46% (r = .679; p <.001), anxiety by 19% (r = .437; p<.001), and stress by 33% (r = .571; p<.001) in individuals with homosexual behavior tendency. Moreover, the Independent Groups t-Test revealed that the mean scores of the homosexual group were higher in all three scores of depression (p <.01), anxiety (p <.01) and stress (p <.05). The homosexual group scored significantly higher in the "obstruction" sub-dimension of the VQ and in the "suppression/denial" and "distress aversion" sub-dimensions of the MEAQ-30. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression is a psychological and physiological destruction process. In recent years, it has been one of the leading causes of public health problems in our country and in the world. Our aim in this study; To contribute to the literature in the light of the data we obtained by measuring the levels of vitamin D, folic acid and vitamin B12 in patients who applied to the emergency department after suicidal attempts. In the study, vitamin D, folic acid and vitamin B12 levels in blood tests taken from patients who applied to Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine between July 2019 and December 2020 with suicide attempts and healthy volunteers selected in line with the criteria were retrospectively analyzed. Consent forms received from Sivas Cumhuriyet University ethics committee with decision number 2020-06/14 were read and signed by healthy volunteers similar in gender and age and the patient group included in the study. Groups were formed by taking detailed anamnesis and physical examinations from volunteers who agreed to participate in the research. In our study, we compared the levels of vitamin D, folic acid and vitamin B12 in patients who applied to the emergency department after a suicide attempt with the normal population. Vitamin D and vitamin B12 levels were found to be significantly lower in the patient group compared to the control group. Our current clinical study supports many studies in the literature, with the detection of low levels of vitamin D and vitamin B12 after the examinations of the patient group who came to the emergency room with a depressive episode and the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to document depression and anxiety levels in pregnant women with intrauterine fetal anomalies based on objective measurement inventories, raise awareness of this issue and provide the necessary support to patients. Materials and Method: Forty pregnant women between the ages of 18-41 who were diagnosed with a major fetal anomaly, and decided their pregnancy to continue were included in the study group. Forty pregnant women with a healthy fetus and gestational week and maternal age-matched with the study group were included as the control group. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were applied to pregnant women. Results: Anxiety and depression levels were compared between pregnant women diagnosed with an intrauterine fetal anomaly and the control group. The mean BDI score was significantly higher in the study group (P=0.008). In the STAI scoring, the mean state anxiety level (P0O.OO1) and the mean trait anxiety score (P=0.001) were found to be statistically higher in the study group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The depressive symptom scores and the state and trait anxiety levels of pregnant women with the intrauterine fetal anomaly, increased compared to the healthy pregnant women. These pregnant women should be provided with professional psychological support and necessary medical assistance during this difficult period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a common research agenda, depression is a mental disorder that affects all age groups and has serious negative impacts on the individual's life. Depressed children tend to seem compliant, quiet, and calm, so childhood depression can only be recognized and treated when they show certain behaviors such as school absenteeism or tantrum. Depressed children and adolescents cannot think clearly, so they cannot make healthy decisions in their family and school life and peer relationships, negatively affecting their academic and social life. In this respect, it is critical for children and adolescents prone to depression and less coping skills to seek help for their mental health and social well-being. This research aimed to raise awareness on this issue and to provide a resource to field experts and families by breaking down the prejudices that depression is only seen in adults. Therefore, this research would contribute to the relevant literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:This study aimed to evaluate children with ''neurogenic bladder'' diagnosis in terms of anxiety and depression. Material and Methods: Thirty-three pediatric patients with neurogenic bladder followed in Adana City Training and Research Hospital Pediatric Urology and Nephrology outpatient clinics from May 2023 to July 2023 and 20 healthy controls who were age and sex-matched, from public schools located in the same geographic area were included in the study. All participants were requested to complete the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Conners' Parent Rating Scale and Turgay DSM-IV Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale. Results: Global score of the CPRS reported by parents, was higher in patients than controls (p=0.012). CPRS Hyperactivity/Impulsivity and Anxiety subscale scores of the patients were significantly higher than controls. Global score of the CPRS reported by parents, was higher in patients with CKD than without (p=0.033). CPRS- Learning problems subscale of the patients with CKD was also higher than the patients without (p=0.023). DSM-IV Total score and the DSM-IV inattention score was higher in patients with CKD than without. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-anxiety subscale reported by children was higher in patients without wheelchair dependence than the patients with (p=0.002). CPRS-conduct disorder and CPRS-Hyperactivity/ Impulsivity subscale scores of the patients without wheelchair dependence was higher than the patient with (p=0.016, p=0.009). DSM-IV hyperactive/impulsive subscale score of the patients without wheelchair dependence was higher than the patients with (p=0.043). Conclusion: Children with NB are at risk for physical, neurocognitive, psychosocial, and family challenges. Anxiety and depression symptoms should not be underestimated. For long-term appropriate management of such vulnerable patients psychological support is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective It was aimed to examine the socio-demographic and clinical data of patients treated with Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) for depressive disorder and to evaluate the relationship of these data with remission response to rTMS treatment. Material and Method The medical records of 120 patients were evaluated retrospectively. Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D), Beck Anxiety Scale (BAI), and Richard-Campbell Sleep Scale (RCSQ) scores were analyzed. Results 60% (72/120) of the patients were women and the mean age was 42.80±12.80 years. According to the HAM-D scores (7 and below), 41.4% (46/111) of the patients were in remission at the end of the treatment. In addition, when the pre-treatment and post-treatment scale scores were evaluated, HAM-D scores and BAI scores decreased significantly after treatment (respectively; p<0.001, p<0.001), while RCSQ scores increased significantly after treatment (p<0.001). Binary regression analysis was performed to investigate the predictive factors for remission of depressive symptoms after rTMS treatment. A high HAM-D score at the beginning of the treatment showed a negative predictive relationship with remission (p<0.001), while a decrease in HAM-D scores at the second week of treatment showed a positive predictive relationship with remission (p=0.009). Conclusion We may suggest that rTMS treatment reduces depression and anxiety symptoms and improves sleep quality. In addition, it can be said that the severe depression before the rTMS treatment reduces the likelihood of going into remission, whereas the decrease in the severity of depression observed in the second week of the treatment increases this likelihood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]