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The article offers an analysis of the link to the living built by the people of Tangier, Morocco in the small informal gardens in the ground dotted around the expanding metropolis. It mentions that strong link between the peasantry of the Jbala human group and urbanity is led to be defined in a new correspondence, that of an urban development which tends to erase the possibility of this link to the living in a logistical, industrial and land speculation.

Résumé L’abri de Benzú est situé dans la ville de Ceuta, en Afrique du Nord. Nous apportons ici un bilan sur la géologie, la stratigraphie, la chronologie, l’écologie et les ressources utilisées par les sociétés préhistoriques de ce site. Nous mettons l’accent sur les données technologiques issues du mobilier archéologique et sur les modes de vie. Les fondements géologiques et paléo-écologiques de la région historique du détroit de Gibraltar offrent de grandes similitudes entre les rives africaine et européenne de cet espace. L’abri de Benzú dispose d’une séquence de sept couches stratigraphiques en relation avec un faciès technologique précis qui renvoie au Mode 3-Paléolithique moyen. Les similarités avec les contextes appartenant au Sud de la péninsule Ibérique sont significatives. De plus, nous souhaiterions souligner l’exploitation des ressources marines par les sociétés de chasseurs-cueilleurs, depuis le début de la séquence stratigraphique au cours du Pléistocène moyen. Avec cet ensemble de données archéologiques et le cadre offert par des études récentes sur ce secteur du Nord de l’Afrique, nous tentons d’évaluer les relations et contacts possibles entre les deux rives de la région géo-historique du détroit de Gibraltar. The Shelter of Benzú is located near the city of Ceuta, in North Africa. We are currently working on the final stage of the scientific report of the activities carried out in the last years. We have done an evaluation, although still not final, of geological, stratigraphic, chronological, and ecological data as well as the different resources used by prehistoric societies. We emphasize the technological data for the archaeological products and for lifestyles. Geological and paleoecological bases of the historical region of the Strait of Gibraltar provide great similarities between the European and North African shores. The shelter of Benzú has a sequence of seven archaeological levels with a clearly defined technology belonging to Mode 3 concept. The similarities with the sets of the southern Iberian Peninsula are evident. We also emphasize the exploitation of marine resources by hunter-gatherer societies since the beginning of the Middle Pleistocene sequence. With these archaeological bases and the context of recent studies in the North African region, we value the possible relationships and contacts between societies on both sides of the historical region of the Strait of Gibraltar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of the "Archaeological Map in Northern Morocco" project, which has been carried out by researchers from the University of Cadiz, University of Abdelmalek Essaadi and INSAP of Rabat. Four seasons of archaeological survey have taken place in the Tetouan region as well as excavations in the Cave El Hafa and the rock-shelter of Marsa. This study includes geomorphological data and a petrographic study to pinpoint of the origins of raw material used by the different human groups that duelled in the area. Lastly, this paper presents settlement patterns of the studied groups, most importantly, this is an updated study of the relevant occupations that correspond to Palaeolithic hunter-gatherer societies, Neolithic tribal societies and also, of human settlements associated to Recent Prehistory stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nous présentons dans ce travail, un panorama synthétique des occupations humaines du Nord du Maroc, en mettant l'accent sur l'association des données anthropologiques et des données culturelles, ceci dans un cadre chronologique compris entre le Paléolithique Moyen (MSA) et le Paléolithique Supérieur. Nous présentons aussi les projets développés, durant ces 15 dernières années, et les résultats les plus intéressants que nous avons obtenus. Pour conclure, nous proposons quelques réflexions sur l'évaluation culturelle et historique des enregistrements archéologiques de la région de Tétouan dans les périodes du Paléolithique Moyen et Supérieur. In this work, we present a synthetic panorama of the human occupations of northern Morocco, with an emphasis on the association of anthropological with cultural records, within the framework of the Middle Palaeolithic (MSA) and the Upper Palaeolithic. We also present the projects developed over the past 15 years and the most interesting results we have obtained. And we conclude bay providing some reflections on the cultural and historical evaluation of the archaeological records from the Tetouan region in the Middle and the Upper Palaeolithic phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moored current measurements, numerical model calculations, and satellite images from the straits of Gibraltar and Kara Gates are compared. The vertical internal displacements (double amplitudes) with a semidiurnal frequency are extremely large in both straits. The displacements are related to internal tidal waves over the sills. The energy of the internal tides is transferred to an internal bore and associated wave packets of short-period internal waves. Their surface manifestation can be seen on the satellite images. Numerical modeling shows that the outflowing current from the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean has a significant influence on internal tides. In the Kara Gates, the flow from the Barents Sea to Kara Sea has a similar influence. The internal tide propagating in the opposite direction to the flows intensifies and breaks down into shorter period waves that are seen on the satellite images in the eastern part of the Strait of Gibraltar and in the southwestern part of the Kara Gates. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]