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In this paper, a Covid-19 pandemic model with five compartments is presented. Model assumptions, flowchart and the system of model equations are included. It is found that the solutions for the model equations exist and they are unique, positive and bounded. Hence, the present model is termed as mathematically well-posed and biologically meaningful. Mathematical analysis, sensitivity analysis are conducted in order to draw meaningful conclusions. Sensitivity analysis on the model equations reveal that the immunity loss has a positive impact while vaccination and treatment have negative impact on the effective reproduction number. The research results assert that the pandemic can be kept under control by enhancing vaccination and treatment facilities and similarly by implementing suitable methods to reduce loss of immunity. Outcomes of both qualitative and quantitative analyses are included and described elaborately. Disease free equilibrium point is identified and it's local and global stability analyses are conducted using powerful techniques like Routh-Hurwitz criteria and Lyapunov function method. Detailed description of the model is presented in the text of the paper lucidly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was first identified in Wuhan, China, and has posed a global health threat since early 2020. Research on the use of antiviral medications at Universitas Udayana Hospital in 2022-2023 is crucial for providing a comprehensive overview of COVID-19 therapy. This study aims to investigate the use of antiviral medications for COVID-19 patients at Universitas Udayana Hospital during 2022-2023. This is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach to describe the use of antiviral medications for COVID-19 patients at Universitas Udayana Hospital in 2022-2023. Data were collected retrospectively by reviewing COVID-19 patient medical records from 2022-2023 at Universitas Udayana Hospital, following approval from relevant authorities. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 26 software. Out of 101 COVID-19 patients, the majority were male (50.5%), and the age group of 19-35 years was the most affected. Approximately 63.4% of patients had comorbidities, and most patients experienced mild severity (73.3%). In treatment, Favipiravir was the most commonly used antiviral medication. Among the 101 COVID-19 patients, males were predominant, and the age group of young adults to middle-aged individuals, especially 19-35 years, was the most affected. Most patients had comorbidities that worsened their condition. Although most patients experienced mild severity, Favipiravir was the primary antiviral medication used in therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern world, vaccination is the most effective and evidence-based method of preventing the onset and severity of infectious diseases. Today, the WHO has identified vaccine hesitancy as a global public health threat [25]. The social and cultural background of people influences their perception of vaccines, which prompted us to investigate this problem. Aim. To study the influence of sociodemographic factors on vaccination attitudes of children and adults in the central and western regions of Ukraine. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted, which included a survey of the population of different social status. The study was conducted in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the bioethics committee. We also analyzed literature data from PubMed, Medscape and CSC. The work was performed within the framework of the research project 0122U000039 «Improvement of methods of diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of the most common diseases of childhood». No conflicts of interest exist. Research results and discussion. 1000 respondents were interviewed by questionnaire from Kyiv, Cherkasy, Kirovograd, Khmelnytsky, Zhytomyr, Chernivtsi, Ternopil, Rivne, Volyn, Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv regions. The data obtained indicate that barriers to vaccination are caused by low awareness of vaccination, excessive negative influence of opinion leaders, prevalence of myths and falsifications about vaccination, lack of health care resources and low supply of recommended vaccines, and forced migration. Low awareness and low vaccination coverage are also associated with low awareness among health workers who do not work directly with vaccines, falsification of vaccination data, and the presence of anti-vaccine health workers. The negative attitude of parents towards vaccination is also very important, as it affects their children. Conclusions. 1. Fear of side effects, long-term complications, and doubts about the quality of vaccines have been identified as factors in vaccine refusal. 2. The most common groups of vaccine refusers are the elderly (53.3 %) and men (16.8 %). 3. The high cost of vaccines that are not included in the list of mandatory vaccines is one of the reasons for the decrease in vaccination rates. 4. Improved communication between the doctor and the patient is one of the factors increasing the vaccination rate among the population. 5. Information about the availability of vaccines and places of vaccination, peculiarities of the post-vaccination period and information about the possible consequences of ignoring vaccination should be provided in the media (television, radio), especially among the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since the outbreak of the pandemic caused by COVID-19, numerous occupational Risk Factors (RF) inherent to the activity of Healthcare Professionals (HP) were intensified given the high demand of Healthcare Facilities (HF). Objective: Identify and classify which RF are considered most harmful on the health and safety of HP under their perception in Brazil. Methods: Exploratory research with 42 HP using a Data Collection Instrument (DCI) to compare pairs of RF. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to rank the risks that cause most harm to HP. Results: Of the respondents, 30.23% were nurses, 25.58% were from physicians and 16.28% were from work safety. The average age of participants was 35.2 years with 8.2 years of professional experience. The RF with the greatest impact on workers' health was violence at work (9.64%); high labor demand (9.39%); and lack of active management support (8.89%). Conclusion: Even with the high demand for work due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, the risk of workplace violence was still the most harmful risk identified by HCPs. Furthermore, HCPs should be supported by the management team to report any occupational RFs related to their activity, since a preventive safety culture is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuation of the China-Indonesia cooperation that has been forged through the ACFT, as explained earlier, has an influence on friendship in the international arena as well as economic improvement. can be seen in Indonesia's export figures to China, which continue to increase from year to year. The turmoil that has been caused by the Coronavirus Disease2019 (Covid-19) has weakened all countries internationally and also undermined all sectors, not just health, which was the first trigger for the virus, but also the economic sector, which has implications for the crises of countries in the world. Through the concept of national interest, in which the state must prioritize its interests above all, especially in the four aspects of this concept, the cooperation between the governments of China and Indonesia in the trade and investment sector has produced beneficial results for improving economic stability and the welfare of their respective countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) has great importance in the medical industry. The creation of intelligent sensors, intelligent machines, and superior algorithms for lightweight communication made it feasible to connect medical equipment in order to monitor biomedical signals and also to detect illnesses in patients without human intervention. This new IoT and medical equipment connection is called IoMT. This IoMT model is most adapted to this pandemic since every human being has to be interconnected and monitored via a larger communication network. Hence, this article provides an overview of remote healthcare systems, monitoring ingestible sensors, mobile health, smart hospitals, and improved chronic disease management focused on the Internet of Medical Things. Finally, this paper proposes an IoMT architecture and platform to assist with persistent healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was generally viewed as presenting a major danger to mankind owing to its uncertain, impending pandemic. This latest virus has high infectivity, death and latency. The virus's genetic (antigenic) structures are constantly changing, which makes developing a vaccine difficult. Many conventional drugs are being repositioned (i.e. repurposing) and used for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes, while several vaccine trials are underway. The results, on the other hand, were not very encouraging, and they frequently resulted in serious negative consequences. Safe alternative remedies are therefore required to reduce the severity and duration of acute disease and its complications. Traditional and complementary medicine combined with allopathic drugs, and Moroccan medicinal plant extract showed significant benefit in symptomatic SARS-COV-2 patients. Traditional medicine derived from Indian herbal plants has been used to treat human diseases in India since ancient times. It is widely available, inexpensive, and free of side effects. Antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antiviral bioactivities have been demonstrated for phytonutrients, flavonoids, phytomelatonin, and other compounds found in Indian herbal plants. We discuss some of the potential antiviral herbal plants in this review based on their history of use in treating COVID-19 or other viral infections. Given the advantages of these preparations, government agencies should be more interested in them and provide more funding. More experimental (basic, translational, and clinical) studies are needed to determine the efficacy and safety of these ingredients, either alone or in combination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Framework: The pandemic caused by the SARS-COV-2 virus, which began in 2020, caused numerous health challenges for the world population. To control it, it was necessary to implement containment measures, which drastically changed children's daily lives, such as depriving them of interaction with their peers, face-to-face learning and a feeling of security. And, in fact, it is in the interaction between children and the environment that their harmonious development takes place, and if that environment is restricted it can lead to repercussions at a relational, emotional, physical, intellectual and other level. Research Question/Goals: What are the repercussions of experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic on child development? The objective is to map and systematize these repercussions in relevant scientific literature. Methods A scoping review was conducted in accordance with guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institute. 1) Search in MEDLINE and CINAHL, followed by an analysis of the words in the title, abstract and indexed words; 2) Search for keywords and indexed terms in all included databases; 3) Search of bibliographic references of all articles. Afterwards, the corpus under review was organized and analyzed to answer the research question. Chapter organization: Introduction, Methodology, Results, Discussion, Final Considerations. Final considerations. Repercussions were identified on the development of relational skills and coping strategies, and emotion management. Health organizations must be attentive and implement family-centered and partnership-based care plans, involving professionals from the multidisciplinary team. More studies should be conducted to assess the long-term impact on child development, as well as appropriate interventions to be mobilized by health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes students' perceptions and satisfaction levels towards the Blackboard application, which they experienced as a learning tool throughout the design studio course they took during the Covid-19 pandemic. By making sketches, transferring ideas, sharing clear images, and accepting criticism in terms of satisfaction with the Blackboard system of instruction, it is attempted to understand the effects of features such as internet connection, technical infrastructure, and trainer. It has been observed that the lower grades of interior architecture students have a higher level of satisfaction with learning interior design through blackboard than the upper grade students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. COVID-19 infection in high-altitude districts has been a subject of study for several researchers since the incidence and transmission capacity of this virus is lower at higher altitudes. Objective. Compare the lethality of COVID-19 at different altitudes in different districts of Peru. Material and Methods. We conducted a secondary descriptive observational study based on data from the Ministry of Health, we took as a unit of analysis 1874 districts of Peru, taking the fatality rate as the dependent variable. In our main analysis, we developed a crude and cofactor-adjusted linear regression between the COVID-19 case fatality rate per million inhabitants and altitude of residence of the districts of Peru, we also carried out two sensitivity analyzes, to provide different approaches to the problem, adding two multivariate regression models as a sensitivity analysis, all the analyzes were crudely and adjusted estimated, with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results. The average case fatality rate of each district located at less than 1500 m.a.s.l. was 415.49% per hundred million inhabitants, while at more than 3500 m.a.s.l., it decreased by almost half. However, when performing the analysis adjusted for confounders, population density and poverty quintile, it was observed that there was no statistically significant difference (p=0.359). Conclusions. Our findings show that although at higher altitudes above sea level, there is a lower-case fatality rate, this value is not clearly attributed to altitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 impacts business organizations and the economy in a negative way. This has also forced companies to look at alternative ways to run operations through remote connections, and the adoption of digital technology has been a positive change for many people as it keeps employees productive while helping to maintain work-life balance. The study is particularly important to understanding the type of relationship between work-from home employees. The researcher wants to study how many employees are following this work from home method. The researcher will collect the data from the working from home employees. The study would make an attempt to give valuable suggestions to work from home employees in COVID-19 and various ways to increase employee engagement; for example, conducting weekly alignment sessions, team meet-ups, entire team gatherings over video conference for lunch, short online game sessions, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19), which emerged in the People's Republic of China and turned into a global epidemic, affected cancer surgery in our country as well as in the whole universe. Elective surgeries have been postponed in many countries affected by the epidemic. In our study, we aimed to reveal the results of the malignancy operations we performed in the Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Surgery Oncology Clinic during the pandemic. Material and Method: Patients who applied to SDU Faculty of Medicine Surgical Oncology Outpatient Clinic and were decided to be operated were included in the study. Covid-19 test (PCR) was applied to all of them during preop preparation. In the follow-ups, general findings of Covid-19, wound conditions and surgical findings were examined. All patients used surgical masks before surgery. Doctors and other healthcare professionals wore surgical masks and disposable latex gloves during their visits and examinations. Results: Between March 10, 2020 and June 31, 2021, 138 patients diagnosed with malignancy were operated at SDU Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Oncology. None of the preoperative patients had Covid-19 symptoms (fever, cough or fatigue). Covid-19 (PCR) test was positive in 2 patients (stomach and breast cancer). The positive patients were isolated and the operation was postponed. No Covid-19 symptoms were observed in any patient in the postoperative 15-day period. All patients were discharged without complications. Conclusion: During the Covid-19 Pandemic, the correct management of cancer patients within the surgical indication is important in terms of both preventing deaths due to emergencies and applying the right treatment. It has been shown that cancer patients can be operated safely during the pandemic period, provided that the necessary precautions are taken for the surgical team and patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Favipiravir molecule was doped with silica nanocomposites (Au/Ag/Pt...SiO 2) for the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2. • AIM topological analysis was employed to identify the nature of non-bonded interactions in the molecular structure. • The electron transferability of the molecular orbitals was examined. • The intermolecular interaction between the molecules and the receptors were predicted. Favipiravir (FAV) a promising therapeutic candidate for addressing COVID-19, has attracted significant attention in recent times. In an attempt to optimize its delivery and minimize its toxicity, this investigation delves into the utilization of gold, silver, and platinum loaded silica nano composites as dopants with FAV molecule, which serves as nano structured materials. The main goal of this research is to augment the efficiency of drug delivery and concurrently diminish the harmful effects associated with FAV administration. To achieve this, the structural and physicochemical characteristics of the nano composites are meticulously evaluated with quantum chemical calculations. A theoretical prediction of the interaction dynamics between FAV and the nanocomposites is conducted. The adsorption energies computed in this investigation indicate that FAV exhibits a greater attraction towards the Au, Ag, and Pt loaded silica nano composites. By the utilization of Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS), the adsorption behavior of FAV and its interaction with the nano composites were examined. The addition of nano composites onto the surface of FAV led to notable alterations in the energy level of the frontier molecular orbitals, thereby leading to a reduction in the energy gaps. The examination of druglikeness makes a valuable contribution to the advancement of medication protocols related to FAV and offer valuable understanding into the bioactivity. Molecular docking was conducted on both the molecule (FAV) and its derivatives doped with silica nano composites, and the results explored the manner in which FAV and its derivatives interacted with the designated proteins. Overall, these findings proposed that the Au, Ag, and Pt loaded silica nano composites are efficient aspirants for the development of the FAV anti-COVID-19 drug delivery process. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The patients who have rheumatic diseases and have coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, their clinical features have not been reported. This study aims to identify the characteristic clinical features of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic diseases admitted either inside or outside the ICU and present data to handle these conditions in clinical practice. Patients and methods We conducted a retrospective study, including data about the sex, age, laboratory and radiographic findings, clinical symptoms and signs, ICU admission, and drug history, from 180 patients having COVID-19 infection, and includes 61 patients having in combination of rheumatic diseases, in the period between April and June 2020 in Mataria Teaching Hospital. Results The risk of admission in the ICU in the rheumatic group 20 (32.8%) did not exceed those expected in the nonrheumatic group 59 (49.6%). Nevertheless, the mortality of these patients was lower three (15%) than nonrheumatic group who were admitted in the ICU 33 (55.9%). Patients with rheumatic diseases presented with less symptoms and signs of respiratory failure, in comparison with those not having rheumatic diseases (rheumatic group vs. nonrheumatic group: 34.4 vs. 49.6%, P < 0.005). Comorbidities were similar in those with rheumatic diseases and comparators [25 (41.0%) vs. 48 (40.3%), respectively]. Symptoms of fever, fatigue, and diarrhea were seen in 55.7, 78.7, and 41% of patients, respectively. Nine patients with rheumatic diseases developed rheumatic disease flare during their hospital stay, represented in muscle aches, rash, and pain in the back and joints. Lymphocytopenia was seen in 16.7% of patients with rheumatic diseases, but 14.8% of patients presented with leukopenia. Patients with rheumatic diseases experienced same radiographic findings of ground-glass opacity and consolidation. Patients who have preexisting interstitial lung disease presented at an early stage with massive fibrous stripes and crazy-paving signs. Conclusions Symptoms of respiratory failure were less common in patients with rheumatic diseases infected with COVID-19. The ICU admission in the rheumatic group did not exceed those expected in the nonrheumatic group. Differential diagnosis should be considered between COVID-19 infection and rheumatic disease flare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media utilization behavior of youth has tremendously changed. There were major differences observed in boys’ and girls' social media utilization behavior Keeping this in mind, study was undertaken with the 1st year M.Sc. (Agriculture) students of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. 50 students were taken as respondents for this study. The study focuses on analyzing genderwise differences in social media utilization behavior. The variables considered for this study were experience in social media; most frequently used social media, duration, frequency, status-posting behavior, a suitable time for social media use, and money spent on social media. Nearly 88.8 percent of boys had more than five years of experience in social media. Among girls, 56.3 percent of girls had 3 – 4 years of experience in social media. Most of the boys (55.6%) used social media to make new relationships in their life. On the other hand, 93.8 percent of the girl respondents used social media to sustain their already established relationships in their life. Mostly 44.4 percent of boys considered that usage of social media affects their academic performance and then most of the girls (37.5%) respondents considered that usage of social media improved their academic performance. This study revealed some observable changes in the social media utilization behavior of boys and girls in the context of time spent on social media, experience in social media use, money spent on the internet, and types of content shared on social media. it was also observed that there exists some difference in the social media utilization behavior among boys and girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research aimed at investigating the effectiveness of an eclectic counseling program in reducing covid – 19 related anxiety in a sample of adolescents. The research sample consisted of ten (10) Students from adolescents who suffer from covid – 19 related anxiety. The ages of the sample ranged from (14-15) years, with a mean age of (14.300) years, and a standard deviation (0.4830). The sample was divided into two groups: an experimental group of five students (2 males - 3 females), and a control group of five students (2 males - 3 females). The researcher used Wechsler-Bellevue scale - Intelligence scale for Adults and Adolescents (translated and conducted by Ismael and Malika, 1996), covid – 19 related anxiety scale (prebared by the researcher), and an eclectic counseling program in reducing covid – 19 related anxiety among adolescents (prebared by the researcher), The results of the research indicated the effectiveness of the eclectic counseling program in reducing covid – 19 related anxiety among adolescents and its continued effectiveness in reducing covid – 19 related anxiety after the follow-up period (three months as a follow-up), as there were a significant statistical differences (0.01) between the mean ranks scores of the experimental group and the mean ranks scores of the control group in covid – 19 related anxiety scale after the application of the counseling program, favoring the experimental group, also there were a significant statistical differences (0.01) between the mean ranks scores of the experimental group in pre and post assessment on covid – 19 related anxiety scale, favoring the post assessment, but there were no significant statistical differences between the mean ranks scores of the experimental group in post and follow-up assessment (after three months), on covid – 19 related anxiety scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Apart from clinical symptoms and pulmonary computed tomography (CT) findings in, confirmed COVID-19 patients' Blood tests have an important role in early diagnosis of the disease and they provide valuable information to physicians regarding the inflammatory status in body. Materials and methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to March 2020 in the Pathology Department of Rural Medical College, Loni. Total of 120 patients from different groups, both genders and between 18 and 75-year age were studied. Results: TLC, Neutrophil, NLR, PLR, D-Dimer values were found to have statistical significant (p<0.05) positive correlation with Covid -19 severity. Blood investigations like Lymphocyte and Monocyte count have statistical significant (p<0.05) negative correlation with Covid -19 severity. No significant correlation was observed between haematological tests like Hb, HCT, PLT, LMR and tests of coagulation like PT & APTT with Covid -19 severity. Conclusion: We concluded that TLC, NLR and D-dimer tests are important to predict about the severity of disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The medical mask was considered as an effective equipment to protect the respiratory system against COVID - 19 virus transmission. During pandemic, due to the wide use of medical masks on the faces of patients undergoing radiotherapy treatment, this study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of the presence of the medical masks in the treatment field or close to it. Methods: The dose distribution was calculated in a PMMA phantom, and then measured in a water phantom under medical mask, for photon energies of 6, 10, 18 MV, and electron energies of 6, 8, 10, 12, and 15 MeV emitted from a Versa HD linac. Results: In photon radiation, the difference in the dose distribution created in the field under the mask and outside the mask was seen only up to a depth of 5 mm, and in other depths it was insignificant. In electron radiation, this difference was seen up to a depth of 10 mm. In the photon radiation in the field around the mask at a depth of more than 40 mm, a difference in the depth dose was observed, which decreased with the increase of photon energy. Conclusions: The medical masks changed the dose distribution of the photon and electron radiation especially at surface, which is suggested to keep the patient's medical masks out of radiated field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Equitable access and high uptake of safe and effective vaccines is critical to ending the COVID-19 pandemic. To ensure the success of these vaccines, particularly in many developing and under-developed parts of the world, the concerns of local communities including fears, potency, and levels of acceptance should be addressed. This study assessed community stakeholders' perceptions in parts of Southeastern Nigeria about COVID-19 vaccine, towards engaging them effectively to ensure the success of the vaccination campaigns. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted involving fourteen stakeholders from the Southeastern geo-political zone of Nigeria selected using purposive sampling. In-depth semi-structured individual interviews lasting about 30 min were used to collect data. Data analysis was informed by a general inductive approach. Results: Stakeholders hoped that the development and roll out of the vaccines will bring COVID -19 to an end, will help to maintain good health and allow people get back to normal life. On the other hand, stakeholders expressed their concerns and worries about the "speed" with which the vaccines are being produced, possibility of future adverse effects from vaccination, misinformation, and level of preparedness in the health system to implement the vaccine campaign. Conclusions: This study identified that more needs to be done to improve perceptions of those who influence health decisions in communities towards COVID-19 vaccines. This includes firstly, the involvement of the community and religious leaders in vaccine promotion. Secondly, it is imperative to develop and disseminate persuasive messaging on vaccine effectiveness and safety targeted at both health professionals, policymakers, and the community which are culturally sensitive and address identified concerns among health workers. Thirdly, the health systems should be strengthened and system-level interventions that directly target one or more of the WHO's six health system building blocks: service delivery, health workforce, health information systems, access to essential medicines, financing, and leadership/governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The role of allergic sensitization seems to be protective against SARS CoV2 infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate, using online surveys, the impact of COVID-19 on Italian allergic children, comparing the prevalence of AR and asthma symptoms between the first and second pandemic wave. Methods: Both surveys were emailed to Italian pediatricians in April 2020 (first survey) and in March 2021 (second survey). The first one was related to the impact of COVID-19 and the most frequently reported symptoms. The second one was superimposed on the previous one, taking into account some additional aspects in the management of disease. Results: A total of 99 pediatricians participated in the first survey and 267 in the second one. The first survey showed that, asthma and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis prevalence was mostly between 0 and 20% throughout the country. The second survey showed a lower prevalence of both diseases nationwide in comparison to the first one. Comparing the two surveys, statistically significant differences were reported only in the distribution of asthma prevalence in Southern Italy while no differences were highlighted in the North and in the Center. Finally regarding allergic rhinoconjunctivitis prevalence, no differences were noticed nationwide. Conclusions: Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma, if under control, did not represent risk factors for the susceptibility to SARS CoV2. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to continue therapies during COVID-19 outbreak, according to the international guidelines. However, being COVID-19 a new disease, actual knowledge will undergo continuous improvements over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel disease of 2019 by name coronavirus (Covid ‑ 19 or SARS ‑ CoV ‑ 2), was first detected in December of 2019 in the Seafood Market of Huanan in Wuhan region of China. In less than a month it was proclaimed as a pandemic by The World Health Organization (WHO). Now, even after a year, it still remains to be a concern as a jeopardy to the global public health. The inception of Covid‑19 has been identified as the third encounter of a highly morbific coronavirus after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS ‑ CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS_CoV) causing coronaviruses, in merely two decades. In this review, we illustrate the general features of coronavirus and highlight the pathogenesis of the disease, bringing forth the different theories of disease progression, which may help clinicians and other health professionals to achieve a direction for further research, therapeutic protocols and development of the vaccine for combating SARS ‑ CoV ‑ 2 infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The clinical signs in patients with COVID-19 have been notified in numerous investigations; however, there is lack of information regarding the oral cavity. The most frequent oral manifestations and their localization are approached in this work. Also, it is considered that the cause-effect relationship between the infection by coronavirus and the emergence of oral lesions cannot be established, since these lesions can be related to the immunosupression; also, they are presented as coinfections and secondary signs with multiple clinical aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sudden outbreak of the coronavirus and the consequent precautionary measures has compelled education systems worldwide to find alternatives to physical teaching-learning process. While online education is perhaps a 'blessing in disguise' in many ways, it has also exposed various challenges especially in the rural areas where people are struggling to get proper bandwidth and even uninterrupted electric supply. The lack of technological infrastructure has made it difficult for many students to adapt to learning in the new normal. Given to the situation, the aim of this study was to investigate the availability and use of technology for online education by undergraduate students of a college situated in rural India. A Survey was carried out to collect the required data and responses from students of the college under study were sought through a structured questionnaire. Out of 1788 students, 678 responded to the survey which formed the data sets for the study. The findings revealed that before the COVID-19 pandemic, Information and Communication Technology was used infrequently, however after the outbreak of the coronavirus following the shutdown of educational institutions, the situation changed dramatically and majority of students started using the technology on a daily basis to cope with need of the hour. The unprecedented situation brought numerous challenges to the fore and technological issues and limitations among others were frequently experienced by the students. Based on the findings suggestions are provided to enhance the efficacy and accessibility of technology supported education post COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 onset has questioned the proclaimed notions of Globalization such as shared prosperity and security across the board. The ongoing pandemic once again calls for collective action in men and material terms rather than erecting technology barriers and doubting the intentions of each other. This paper aims to address the following inter-related queries: What is the nature of China's health-based assistance to the South Asian states for mitigating the COVID-19 risks? How and why do the United States and India remain skeptical of Chinese anti COVID- 19 Vaccine efforts? And how do other South Asian states perceive Chinese contributions to deal with the ongoing Pandemic? And, finally what lessons can be learned from this divergent debate centered on: Chinese Vaccine Diplomacy? Comparison and contrast of the available information is employed as an analytical technique to determine the nature of skepticism surrounding the Chinese vaccination campaign in South Asia. Consulting data on three various accounts assisted to conclude the findings of this research paper. The findings of this study establish that Western and Indian skepticism, directed against Chinese health diplomacy in South Asia is motivated by their geopolitical contestations with China. In nutshell, the paper's main thrust is to stress the essential value of mutual cooperation in dealing with the Pandemic like COVID-19. There is a need to embrace the concept of 'holistic security' in the highly interconnected world of today and tomorrow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is widespread concern that disruption to health services during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to declines in immunization coverage among young children, but there is limited information on the magnitude of such impact. High immunization coverage is essential for reducing the risk of vaccine preventable diseases. We used data from two nationwide sources covering the whole of Brazil. Data from the Information System of the National Immunization Program (SIPNI) on the monthly number of vaccine doses administered to young children were analyzed. The second source was a survey in 133 large cities in the 27 states in the country, carried out from August 24–27. Respondents answered a question on whether children under the age of three years had missed any scheduled vaccinations during the pandemic, and available vaccination cards were photographed for later examination. SIPNI data showed that, relative to January and February 2020, there was a decline of about 20% in vaccines administered to children aged two months or older during March and April, when social distancing was at the highest level in the country. After May, vaccination levels returned to pre-pandemic values. Survey data, based on the interviews and on examination of the vaccine cards, showed that 19.0% (95% CI 17.0;21.1%) and 20.6% (95% CI 19.0;23.1%) of children, respectively, had missed immunizations. Missed doses were most common in the North (Amazon) region and least common in the South and Southeast, and also more common among children from poor than from wealthy families. Our results show that the pandemic was associated with a reduction of about 20% in child vaccinations, but this was reverted in recent months. Children from poor families and from the least developed regions of the country were most affected. There is an urgent need to booster immunization activities in the country to compensate for missed doses, and to reduce geographic and socioeconomic inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Before the situation that exists worldwide at the moment, taking the COVID - 19 outbreak as a starting point, the World and Pan-American Health Organizations have worked in the control of this virus. The Cuban health system works to diminish the risks, taking into account the priority that people health has, in anticipation to the risk, prevention and control of this disease, through the community performance of students and professors, where the Nursing - Technology Faculty has had an outstanding work. In such a sense, it is briefly commented on the work developed by the directors, teaching staff and students from this institution in the active fight against this pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Novel corona virus disease (Covid - 19) infection is a very highly transmissible type of viral infectious diseases. Human movement control and other control measures had definitely led to decreasing virus transmission power in china. In spite of its positive effects on limiting the number of infections by SARS COV2, lockdown and quarantine do has also negative sequels on general public health. These effects resembled by psychological, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal effects. Aim of the review: to focus the light on the possible negative detrimental effects of social lockdown and quarantine on human health status. Results: It was seen during the previous studies and evidences with prior pandemics and endemics related to viral infections that lockdown and quarantine were usually ended with many obnoxious effects on human health and life. These were primarily apparent and seen in long-term pandemics more than one month and some even within days of pandemics. These include commonly psychological effects, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal effects. Discussion and conclusion: Many detrimental blameworthy effects were noticed on patients quarantined for ten days or more due to viral pandemic in the previous events and it was noticed in SARS COV 2 pandemic as well. Psychological effects like anxiety, irritability, mood changes and others resembled the most common type of problems seen in population on pandemics. Elevated blood pressure, ischemic heart diseases and others were also worsened after people quarantine. Vitamin D decline due to less sun exposure and muscle pain in addition to lower and upper back pain resembled the musculoskeletal arm of bad effects related to social lockdown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID ‐19) epidemic was kept under control in China, to conduct scientific research on the patterns of the virus transmission has become essential in terms of disease control. Therefore, the demand for the precise and structured trajectory of the individual cases is increasing. While considering the highly unstructured characteristics of the spatiotemporal trajectory source string re‐ trieved from the official website, it is difficult to obtain a precise trajectory efficiently by either hand‐crafted method or an automated algorithm. To address the above contradiction of efficiency and precision in trajec‐ tory extraction, a human ‐computer interactive (HCI) trajectory extraction and validation approach was pro‐ posed based on natural language processing (NLP) artificial intelligence algorithm, the source string was firstly analyzed by NLP, and coarse trajectories were then identified and extracted automatically, then the trajectories were confirmed or edited by user, after that other user will validate those trajectories whether correct or not by voting. The essential technologies of the approach were also investigated, including trajec‐ tory location segmentation and combination algorithm, trajectory quality evaluation algorithm, and trajecto‐ ry extraction and validation workflow. A comparative experiment that takes the Harbin native clustered cas‐ es during April as a study case was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed approach. The results show that the efficiency of the proposed approach is significantly improved one time more than the extraction method without NLP. The evaluation results of the trajectory credibility also sug‐ gest that the HCI extraction method can effectively reduce 26.34% of missing locations and wrong positioning of the trajectory automatically extracted by NLP alone. Furthermore, the validation results also suggest that there are 92.63% trajectories were assessed to be reliable, and those incorrect trajectory nodes were mainly created by the NLP algorithm rather than the hand ‐ crafted method. According to the experimental result, our proposed approach can improve the efficiency and quality of trajectories extraction effectively. Apart from that, our prototype system can also be used as a potential tool for epidemiological investigations to assist doctors or patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Covid - 19 is a global pandemic, affecting all areas of social life in every country. In the current conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic, individual health behaviors are of primary importance. Each citizen consciously implements their health behaviors not only to prevent them from being infected, but also to help the country's prevention of Covid-19 effective. The study of factors predicting people's health behaviors in the community will help managers come up with appropriate measures to improve public health and to quickly repel the pandemic. Objectives: The research analyzes factors predicting personal health behaviors during the Covid-19 pandemic in Vietnam, including: pandemic awareness, self-assessment of the possibility of becoming infected, fear of disease, quality of life, and mental health (anxiety). Methods: This was a cross-sectional quantitative study. Data were collected from a convenient sample of 572 people in Vietnam (118 males, 451 females; M age =27.0 (sd = 10.0)) by a means of an online questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was constructed based on the YouGov Behavior Change questionnaire; the Fear of Coronavirus-19 Scale (FCV-19), WHOQOL-BREF, the Moral Foundation Questionnaire, and Knowledge of Covid-19. This study performed multivariate regression analysis to explore effects of moral, quality of life, knowledge and fear of Coronavirus-19 on health behaviors of participants. Result: The result showed that fear and sex factors explain 4% (R2-adj = 4%) of health behavior change in the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition, there is a significant relationship between health behaviors and fear, age, gender, and occupation. Conclusion: People's health behaviors are particularly concerned during the Covid-19 pandemic. Community healthcare activities for the people should be tailored to suit different population groups such as gender, age or emotional experiences. More indepth studies are needed to find out the causes of these differences, thereby proposing practical solutions to help people practice more effective health behaviors, contributing to preventing and combating the outbreak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to review the recent concepts of Antigenic shift and drift in viral strains of Influenza and Corona. The strains of Influenza and Corona are constantly under mutation. These viral envelopes compose of surface antigens like haemagglutinin - HA, Neuraminidase NA-antigens respectively. Hence, any minor changes in the genes responsible for the HA and NA proteins is termed as an antigenic drift. However, if it involves a major rapid change then it is referred to as an antigenic shift. In response to such changes, the body's immune system adapts accordingly and produces antibodies against the mutated antigen.A thorough literature search was attempted to consolidate recent concepts of antigenic shift and drift of Corona and Influenza using search engines like Pubmed, Google Scholar. The articles were screened and then were analysed for obtaining significant conclusions. The recent genetic analysis performed by Lancet et al reveals similarity in receptors (receptor binding protein) in SARS and those present in bats. Further, it is also predicted that recent genetic recombination of the earlier corona strains might have contributed to SARS - CoV -2. The propagation of antigenic shift and drift is reported to be similar to that of HINI Influenza strains in recent studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pregnant women do not appear more likely to contract the infection than the general population. The emerging pandemic of COVID 19 makes it of utmost importance to study the epidemiological factors and various clinical outcomes in relation to pregnancy to modify the laid down customs for a better outcome. Material & Methods: A cross sectional observational study of 160 patients with COVID-19 from April 2020 to October 2020 was conducted at Obstetrics and Gynaecology department at Grant Govt Medical College, Mumbai. Inclusion criteria being laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 antenatal women and availability of clinical characteristics and epidemiological parameters. Results: Amongst the diagnosed COVID-19 case, the maternal age ranged from 18 to 45 years and the gestational age on admission ranged from 5 weeks to 41 weeks. The common symptoms at presentation were fever, cough, but most patients were asymptomatic. An increased incidence of preterm delivery and pre labour rupture of membranes was noted. Also an increased incidence of Covid 19 was reported in high risk obstetrics cases. Conclusion: Despite the growing number of published studies on COVID-19 in pregnancy, there are insufficient desirable quality data to deduce unbiased conclusions. However in this study, it was found that preterm delivery is a probable obstetric peril associated with Covid 19.Vertical transmission of the COVID-19 could not be ruled out. Careful monitoring of pregnancies with COVID-19 and following of all the necessary precautionary measures while giving antepartum and intra partum obstetric care is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus spread is sincerely trying for some individuals, evolving everyday life in uncommon ways. All areas of society - including employees, managers and representatives - should assume a part to secure themselves and one another and help forestall additionally spread of the malady. WHO is giving exhortation and refreshed data on COVID-19, and on how bosses can secure their representatives, what estimates they should take in the work environment and other related variables. In this challenging situation this study is carried out to know how are the employees dealing with the work from home situation. A survey was conducted on 120 employees to know and understand what kind of issues they face, right from Internet Connectivity to facilities and equipment's needed by them to vary out their work appropriately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decentralization of public management in the sphere of tertiary education in developed countries has led to the spread of similar trends in developing countries and countries with economies in transition. The academic paper assesses the effectiveness of forms of decentralization of public management on the basis of statistical analysis of quality indicators of tertiary education system of Hungary, Poland, Romania and Ukraine. As a result, the effectiveness of decentralization has been confirmed, provided that the transformation of public management institutions is ensured. Forms of decentralization determine its effectiveness. Common problems of tertiary education systems have been identified, which have led to the need for decentralization: the need for quality educational services, increasing the level of public access to tertiary education, financial pressure on central budgets. It has been determined that territorial and functional deregulation was aimed mainly at self-financing of tertiary educational institutions, formation of a competitive market of educational services, integration of the private sector into the public one for the development of the quality of state tertiary education. The basic advantages of decentralization have been highlighted in the academic paper, namely: 1) increasing the level of enrollment of the population to tertiary educational institutions due to accessibility; 2) reducing the level of state expenditure on education; 3) improving the quality of state tertiary educational institutions, meeting the requirements of the labor market; 4) actualization of the autonomy of higher educational institutions uner the conditions of pandemic of Covid - 19. Three distinct models of decentralization of tertiary education have been identified, namely: territorial decentralization in Poland, asymmetric decentralization with an emphasis on self-financing in Romania, and functional decentralization in Hungary and Ukraine. The basic features of decentralization of the studied countries have been highlighted, namely: flexibility, adaptability of legislation, transformation of public management institutions, deregulation of government functions, change of financing tools with the possibility of attracting funds from private partners (business), expansion of access to educational services, formation of hybrid private-state institutions with corporate status, reduction of financial pressure, supervision and control. The need for decentralization and improvement of its forms within the conditions of a pandemic of Covid-19 has been confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID 19 is a significant virus that causes zoonotic infection. It belongs to the family Coronaviridae. Covid-19 Leads to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. Hydroxychloroquine, which is a commonly used anti - malarial drug that is commonly used to treat the COVID - 19. Remdesivir is also used to treat the COVID - 19. Coronavirus not only causes ARDS in adults but it also causes cytokine storm syndrome in patients. This survey was taken up when Covid -19 has become pandemic in nature. The aim of the study was to know the public perception in the management and prevention of COVID-19 in India A questionnaire was prepared about the public perception to manage and prevent the COVID-19 in India with the help of Google forms and was circulated through social networking. 106 responses were obtained from the survey. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and the outcome was expressed with the help of pie charts and bar diagrams. Chi-Square test was carried out and p value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Various figures and questions are explained from the public's opinion obtained through the survey. 80.2 % of people said that social distancing helps to prevent the community spread of COVID-19 in India. 11.3 % of people told that maybe social distancing would help them to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in India and the remaining 8.5 % of people told that social distancing does not help to prevent the community spread of COVID-19 in India.Therefore the results concluded that wearing a facemask, frequent hand wash, and other factors help to prevent and manage the prevention of COVID-19 in India. This survey could create further awareness among the general public in such pandemic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropological knowledge relies on a particular methodology, participant observation. The practice of being in the field for a long time, busy in daily contact with the one's interlocutors, has become anthropology's distinctive mark. Nowadays, the challenge of Covid-19 and the obligatory restrictions on sociality dynamics require a rethinking of these theoretical and methodological assumptions: what does doing ethnography at the time of social distancing mean? This contribution aims to rethink the concept of the field made inaccessible by the current contingencies, overcoming the idea of a geographical location. Hence, online sociality as becomes a relational location built on people's communicative practices. Furthermore, researchers are creatively adopting new ways of relating to their interlocutors at a time when social contacts are necessarily limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus spread is sincerely trying for some individuals, evolving everyday life in uncommon ways. All areas of society - including employees, managers and representatives - should assume a part to secure themselves and one another and help forestall additionally spread of the malady. WHO is giving exhortation and refreshed data on COVID-19, and on how bosses can secure their representatives, what estimates they should take in the work environment and other related variables. In this challenging situation this study is carried out to know how are the employees dealing with the work from home situation. A survey was conducted on 120 employees to know and understand what kind of issues they face, right from Internet Connectivity to facilities and equipment's needed by them to vary out their work appropriately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 44-year-old COVID-19 positive patient was transferred to our hospital with worsening acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. She was admitted to ICU and was started on high flow oxygen. Her CXR showed worsening bilateral infiltrates. In order to prevent her progression from severe to critical disease, we adopted a multiple modality treatment approach, utilizing clinical judgment and most recent publications. She was treated with antibiotics, convalescent plasma, steroids, hydroxychloroquine and self-proning. After 43 hours, her CXR showed rapid clearing of infiltrates and we could discharge her on day three of hospitalization. Previously reported case series on convalescent plasma showed the number of days taken for significant improvement in chest x-ray varied from 4 to 7 days. The rapidity of improvement in this patient is remarkable and could be due to the multiple modality treatment approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Social media users and 3D printer owners, tackle the PPE shortage during pandemic. • Review and listening software explores how many users referring to 3D and PPE. • Social networking and 3D printing combined can tackle pandemic situations. During the recent Covid-19 pandemic, additive Technology and Social Media were used to tackle the shortage of Personal Protective Equipment. A literature review and a social media listening software were employed to explore the number of the users referring to specific keywords related to 3D printing and PPE. Additionally, the QALY model was recruited to highlight the importance of the PPE usage. More than 7 billion users used the keyword covid or similar in the web while mainly Twitter and Facebook were used as a world platform for PPE designs distribution through individuals and more than 100 different 3D printable PPE designs were developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]