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The introduction of the HPV vaccine in Brazil was initially well received, achieving a high national coverage rate in the first half of 2014. Despite the efforts of the Ministry of Health, a significant decline in uptake was observed over the subsequent six months, with the causes still under investigation. Given the influence of the print media, this study aims to describe the discursive strategies used in the narratives conveyed by the print media in order to elucidate their role in shaping public debate during the introduction of the HPV vaccine between 2014 and 2018. The methodology adopted was qualitative, involving a discourse analysis of articles and texts published in the print media, as well as the statements from professional organisations featured in various journalistic reports. Additionally, a public action filed by the Federal Public Prosecutor's Office against the HPV vaccine, which received substantial media coverage, was included as a source of analysis. The findings revealed the discursive strategies employed by both proponents and opponents of the vaccine. The public debate was predominantly centred around issues of effectiveness, safety, and economic costs, with each side offering its own interpretation of the existing scientific evidence. However, despite the wealth of data and scientific evidence available, the media debate did not explore the controversial and critical aspects of vaccination. The study concluded that the media struggled to distinguish between science and pseudoscience, converting scientific evidence into opinion. It missed the opportunity to contribute to clarifying the effectiveness and safety of the public health strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gynecology, as a field of biomedical knowledge, finds in the ovary and uterus the explanation for the "physical" and "mental" fragility of women. In contemporary times, hormones have updated such precepts, which understand women as unstable and inferior subjects. The objective of this theoretical study is to analyze how hormones contribute to the production of women as naturally "unbalanced" subjects. We analyze that women are now perceived from a biochemical paradigm, in which hormone rates are measured and regulated in order to explain and control their behaviors and affections. We conclude that hormones, when administered by women, become a device that allows not only the control of the hormonal cycle, but also control over population growth, control of their behavior, and the cosmetic production of femininity, in a process of (synthetic re)feminization of the bodies that manage it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crisis that the WTO Appellate Body has faced is based on the constant opposition and manifestation of disagreement that the United States has raised with respect to the excess of functions, which has been arbitrarily attributed by said institution of review of decisions of an international commercial nature. Likewise, the crisis is exacerbated by the refusal to accept the possible solutions that have been proposed, such as the Walker process and the inactivity of the Multipartite Arbitration Procedure for Provisional Appeal created within the MPIA. In that sense, and taking into account the complications and convergence of global trade issues that COVID-19 has brought with it, it leads one to wonder if this will be the opportunity for a restructuring of the Appellate Body, the function is constituted after completion. the same or make way for other international bodies and projects led by China to lay the new foundations for international trade and the disputes that may arise under them, including the decision on the future of the WTO Appellate Body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies suggest challenges in developing safety science: broadening perspectives and methodologies for sociotechnical work comprehension and incentives so that the complexity effects can be analyzed with greater depth and safety research can become politically oriented in its models. This study explores the contributions of Actor-Network Theory as a methodological resource to reassemble human and non-human elements in safety science research, especially when considering the dynamic reality, variability, and uncertainty characteristic of complex sociotechnical systems. In light of the theoretical aspects of the Actor-Network Theory, such as controversies, political ontologies, and enactment, we discuss possibilities for the cartography of controversies in safety science studies. The discussion contributes, thus, with new methodological connections to research in safety science, exploring associations and new positions among different realities in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of the controversies constitutes, from the perspective of pragmatic sociology, an opportunity to know the way in which the actors use argumentative resources to justify their behaviors. This article seeks to analyze, following the guidelines of Luc Boltanski's theory of justification regimes and the analysis of Teun Van Dijk's speech, the controversies raised by the use of firearms by civilians against protesters during the 2021 national strike The main findings of the work show opposite argumentation resources, (domestic cite vs. civic cite) between the two actors who participated in the controversy and coincidences of one of them, with a third informant. It was also possible to find links between the ways of arguing and the exercise of citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public controversies are an analytical opportunity to study the emergence of issues, the creation and alliance of actors, as well as the articulation of public arenas (politics, society, activism, academia, etc.). This paper analyzes how two actors in Spanish academia emerged, and how they became an expression of the polarized conflict on prostitution, sex work, and sex trafficking. Through a case study, this work traces the emergence and consolidation in the public space of the #universidadsincensura initiative and the International Academic Network for the Study of Prostitution and Pornography (Red Académica Internacional de Estudios sobre Prostitución y Pornografía, Raiepp). Methodologically, the technique of controversy mapping is applied through an analysis of the flrst phase of the controversy on Twitter with the hashtags #universidadsincensura and #universidadsinprastituáon and the monitoring of the platform's activities based on active participation in the #universidadsincensura initiative. The analysis shows that both actors emerge in line with the logics of the mediatized public space linked to a presence in media and networks. Endowed with different degrees of institutionalization, Raiepp and #universidadsincensura form the same public, that of those directly or indirectly affected by the public problem surrounding the status of prostitution, for which they seek a solution through a process of enquiry and experimentation that defines democratic participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents partial results of a doctoral thesis, which contemplates the controversy in user comments on profiles of Brazilian newspapers on Facebook. Two weeks of posts are analyzed on the pages of Folha de São Paulo and O Estado de São Paulo on that social network. The methodological approach adopted is the Grounded Theory (GLASER, STRAUSS, 2006). Thematic categories for posts were created, in addition to a typology of comments. As relevant results, it could be highlighted readers' great interest in political themes, followed by moral and behavioral issues, while, in terms of the manifestation of network users, the refractory tone of the comments stands out. The combination of these themes with this mode of public expression addresses the final reflection of the text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our aim is to develop and propose a method for ANTi-historians, using analysis of controversy as the starting point. Despite the theoretical and methodological development of the ANTi-history approach to the study of knowledge of the past and the creation of its history, there is room for method development based on controversy analysis. We ground our proposal in some of ANTi-history's assumptions (relationalism, the symmetry principle, and multiplicity) and practical concepts (translation and politics of actor-networks). In addition, we recommend four criteria that researchers should use in choosing a controversy to serve as a starting point for investigation. Finally, we present five steps for investigating knowledge of the past and the creation of history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En este artículo estudiamos las controversias sobre la creación de una red eléctrica en Chile que un conjunto de ingenieros mantuvo entre 1935 y 1939. Estas surgieron en conferencias dadas en el Instituto de Ingenieros de Chile. Nuestro objetivo principal es probar que dichas controversias (centradas en el rol del Estado, el mercado y la infraestructura en el desarrollo de la red eléctrica en Chile) definieron una política estatal energética nacional. Estas discusiones también muestran el despliegue de una red sociotécnica y el papel que tuvieron los ingenieros en las políticas de Estado. Así, abordamos un caso propio de los estudios de ciencia, tecnología y sociedad para destacar los vínculos de lo político y lo técnico en el ámbito de la electrificación. Para este artículo, nos basamos principalmente en fuentes primarias de la administración estatal y artículos de la revista Anales del Instituto de Ingenieros de Chile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article synthesizes an investigation on the appropriation of the international model of innovation in Colombian Scientific Policy and the controversial dynamics generated after its implementation. The mode of analysis adopted lies in an integration by a combination of micro approaches (representations and controversies), with macro approaches (world culture and field theory), articulated to a methodological procedure in which an index of controversiality is proposed as a novelty, And after that, results emerge that show how the dissemination of the international model focused on innovation has been effective, but that given its emphasis on the economic utility of science, it has ended up generating controversies among scientific agents, linked to the incipient social world of science in Colombia, showing a perception of discomfort. Given this discovery, the discussion suggests how an alternative citizen model of scientific policy could be, where the economic representation of innovation is balanced with social and environmental innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The irruption of the Covid-19 pandemic on the world stage generated unknowns, marches and counter marches both in the scientific and communicational fields. The traditional model of scientific dissemination, based on the transmission of proven results, in some cases became insufficient to account for the communication processes required during those months. The new coronavirus presented unique characteristics for whose treatment and cure there were no medications or vaccines, and the communication of the investigations made visible the progress along with its controversies and debates. The work raises the reflections generated from the need to communicate sciences from a dialogic perspective with society and from the public university in a context of uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Last decades Inclusive Education and School Reforms are moving in joint and separate paths. Education human rights perspective claims for a democratic, fair and equity policy, but current realities show important pitfalls between objectives, policies and practices. Powerful structural and cultural obstacles seriously keep preventing to achieve inclusive education goals. As the educational exclusion is a social, political and educational construction, is possible and compulsory to undertake alternative interventions in order to develop inclusive and integrated educational approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article will analyze the regulation of the exploitation of natural resources in light of international law and practice in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the resolutions on the subject of the General Assembly, and secondly, the relevance of respecting regulations regarding the peaceful resolution of disputes when there are conflicts related to natural resources. The exploitation of these resources by the States that exercise their sovereignty will also be the object of analysis. This article also wants to affirm that the exploitation of natural resources is closely related to the Declaration and Program of Action on a Culture of Peace of 1999 and the Declaration on the Right to Peace of 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International negotiations constitute an essential mean of relationship and a primary tool in the settlement of disputes among human beings. This work considers the role of negotiation as a method of solving international disputes. In this regard, it examines the concept of negotiation and its classes, the notion of controversy, the obligation to peacefully resolve disputes and the relationship between negotiation and other peaceful means of settlement of disputes. With this theoretical framework, the functions of negotiation and what we will call «international negotiation law» are addressed, including the existence of an obligation to negotiate, its content and form, the result of the negotiation and what happens in case of breach of the obligation to negotiate. Finally, the externalities of the negotiation are examined and some conclusions are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reconstructs the history of the rural property known as San Antonio, situated in the province of Comala, 30 kms. north of Colima in western Mexico. From the late 19th century, three foreign residents in Mexico had owned those lands: a German plantation owner, a Bolivian businessman, and a financer of French and English descent. This property now sits within the boundaries of a natural park called Zona de Protección Forestal y Refugio de la Fauna Silvestre El Jabalí. The article first describes the history of this place using a methodology based on research with primary sources. In the second part, it examines the political controversies that have emerged regarding the participation of private foreign capital in this natural protected area of Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/context: Based on the framework of the battle of memory, this article examines the dispute (2014-2018) regarding the state embargo of documentation and information from 2004 from Chile's National Commission on Political Prisoners and Torture and its resistance to a collective that can question the embargo, triggering a legislative discussion. Methodology: In this article, we apply a procedural and pragmatic focus to a body of qualitatively analyzed multireferential data. We take an in-depth look at the performative approach developed by the literature on truth commissions, but shift the examination of the framework of transitional justice to the terrain of the battle of memory supported by societies when dealing with these violent pasts. Conclusions: our analysis shows that the trajectory of the battle for truth and for the construction of collective memory on the past is not incremental and is subject to setbacks. The silence regarding the documentation of the Valech Commission triggered the involvement of new actors in the battle of memory that is no longer solely configured by the State-victim dyad. Originality: This article examines the Truth Commissions (TC) from a not frequently studied perspective: the document and information archive produced by these commissions and their impact on the collaboration with justice and the uncovering of the truth. To observe the dispute over the secret of the document and information archive of the commission from the terrain of the battle of memory allows us to extend the temporal reference framework, examining the TC beyond the effects and uses contemplated by the mandating State, including other actors, and leading the commissions to talk to each other and to other management devices and artifacts of such atrocities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to demonstrate to the reader the way in which procedural relationships are dealt with within the Law and how it is possible to provide diverse mechanisms for alternative dispute resolution. To do so, within an epistemological analysis, which uses rationalism to demonstrate the possible ways to reach valid consensus, judicially or extrajudicially. The intended method is the inductive, leading the interpreter to understand the possibilities of entering into a contentious relationship, but that can be resolved consensually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the media controversies about the infringements of the "Mensalão" scandal. The assumption that guides the analysis is that, with its own brand of rhetoric in its operative way of narrating the political world, the press used the framework of moral panic as an interpretative package to approach the case. The work draws on 150 texts published by the main Brazilian daily newspapers and weekly magazines in the period from the 12th-19th of September, 2013, the week of the final judgment of the Supreme Court of Justice on the embargoes. The results show that the press acted as a moral actor in defense of the fight against political corruption, questioning the right to appeal the penalties of the "mensaleiros". In order to do so, it used arguments from authorities and experts, aligned with the risk framework for society and weakening democracy, linking embargoes to impunity and contempt for the public interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking into consideration the constant presence of religion in the dilemmas of the twenty-first century, we question in this article how the analysis of events that collide religious and secular identities within liberal democracies should be analyzed. Recognizing that the subject in question has been a privileged object of Political Philosophy, we want to ask ourselves how far Anthropology, which has always privileged ethnographic description as a mode of knowledge, must follow an openly normative science in order to deal with the numerous conflicts involving religion in the public sphere. As we transpose the terms of Joel Robbins' comparison between anthropology and theology for our contraposition to political philosophy, we intend to show how Brazilian anthropology has assumed normative contours to the detriment of self-reflection in addressing the dilemmas of approaching the religious phenomenon in the public sphere before the transformations that the discipline faces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text aims to present the relations between religions and the State in Brazil avoiding a teleological and normative framework, where a universal model serves as a paradigm. To this end, it seeks to construct a mosaic of differentiated configurations between them that express situations of unequal secularity, but living together. It aims, then, to present the very notion of secularism, as it was appropriate in the country, as a process involving conflicts, negotiations and agreements in marches and counter-marches. This is done through the interaction of social actors, whether they are religious cadres of the Catholic Church, evangelicals and Pentecostals and Afro- Brazilian religions, or organized civil society sectors (feminists, LGBTs) and state agents of the political and juridical system. The controversies in which these religious and lay social actors are involved cover a range of issues, ranging from those that foreshadow a retraction of religion such as: decriminalization of abortion, civil union of homosexuals, inclusion of sexual and reproductive rights in the role of Human Rights, to those that imply in their promotion as, the religious teaching in the public school and the presence of religious symbols in state offices and forums. Finally, since there is no pre-existing normative definition of what is secularity, what the text postulates is that because of the polysemic character it acquired in Brazil, this notion is always invoked by the disputed segments - secular and religious - according to their conceptions and interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper intended to contribute to the understanding of the interrelationships between the so-called "academic knowledge" and the knowledge and experience of students of a Graduation in Rural Education, at a public university of southeastern Brazil. Specifically, we are interested in analyzing the discussions that emerged in lessons of Life Sciences, focusing on the elements of the controversies that happened at these meetings. Based on the actor-network theory, the research points to the fact that the students place themselves as active subjects who mobilize knowledge, practices and experiences that make them foster controversy in a training situation, towards a knowledge that is authorized by the university. It could be noticed the rich ontological elements related to dynamic relations of the economy, politics, international relations and social hierarchies. Thus, it was possible to discern elements that compose the material reality with which the licensees are amalgamated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strange situation created in the applied field of Clinical Psychology in Spain, with the erratic attempt to adjust it by the Ministries of Health and Education, have given rise to two parallel figures of health professionals, the Specialist Psychologist in Clinical Psychology (PEPC) and the General Health Psychologist (PGS). Additionally, the process of regulation of the own Faculties of Psychology, imposed by the need for convergence and integration in the European Higher Education Area, has led to a confusing situation which faces numerous difficulties and controversies to which we are forced to respond today. In our article we analyze and try to find solutions to some of these controversies, such as Clinical Psychology versus Health Psychology, skills and competencies of the PGS and the PEPC, Clinical Psychology in Primary Health Care, the studies of the Degree in Psychology, and the possible and necessary integration between the PGS and the PEPC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, some media groups have adopted Natural Language Generation (NLG) software to produce automated news about finance, sports, elections, crime, and earthquakes, in a phenomenon described as Automated Journalism (GRAEFE, 2016) or Algorithmic Journalism (DÖRR, 2015). In a symmetrical and non-anthropocentric perspective, this article aims to observe the assemblages between human and non-human actors, as advocated by the Actor-Network Theory (LATOUR, 1992, 1994, 2000), and to discuss two sociotechnical networks articulated around automated journalism. Generally more visible, a first network is configured from actors' mobilization around the controversy triggered by texts written by bots, mainly motivated by a possible replacement of journalists by robot-reporters. Generally less obvious, a second network is revealed in the complex process of automated news' production involving human - developers, journalists, entrepreneurs - and non-human actors - algorithms, database, computers. This analysis considers that robot-reporters do not eliminate, but modify the way journalists work, challenging them to adapt in a new age of big data and to become familiar with programming languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is about the presence of genetically modified organisms (gmos) in the south of Brazil in the past decades. The reconstitution of this history by three scenarios — discovery/production, entrance/dispersion, permanency — allows us to map the formation of chains of association that coproduce both, the definition of the transgenic agent and the group that represents it, among the existence of sociotechnical disputes, or as it can be named, controversies. These disputes, centered in these three events and their effects in the south of Brazil — discovery, dispersion and permanency of the transgenic crops —, return to sociology and to the actor‑network theory the problem of the difference of scale added to the asymmetry of power relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we problematize the ongoing discussion around the public policies of compulsory confinement for drug users that is happening in Brazil, as well as the controversies that emerge from the public debate on drugs and the implementation of these policies. We understand that the articulation between the heterogeneous forces of science, society and technology produce the social understanding of the issues around the thematic of drug use. In that sense, we assert that there is an inseparabl relation between knowledge and politics: the act of producing truths - and the consequent production of knowledge - creates worlds that constitute contemporary existential territories: ontologies that are composed from the performative character of social practices. Amid such controversies, our proposal is, based on Actor Network Theory, to draw a map of networks that produce what we understand as compulsory confinement. These controversies led to a strong connection between the heterogeneous forces of science, society and technology produce the social understanding of the issues around the thematic of drug use. In that sense, we assert that there is an inseparable relation between knowledge and politics: the act of producing truths - and the consequent production of knowledge - creates worlds that constitute contemporary existential territories: ontologies that are composed from the performative character of social practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on searching some of the strategies used in knowledge production based on the challenges and opportunities created by the Actor-Network Theory (ART) in the area of psychology research. As a starter, we have used a survey conducted by us, in which we cast a special look at the field of social projects such as the action territories that render materiality to the so-called Civil Society Organizations (CSOs). Two aspects have proved to be quite rich: the idea of the Promising Misunderstanding (DESPRET, 1999) and the Mapping Controversies (Latour, 2005). We have concluded that the methodological an ontological power of these concepts that, on one hand, multiply voices and versions and on the other hand recognize provisionality, partiality and incompleteness of any updated diagnosis, it also compromises the researcher with what he/she "brings to exisencet" in the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper aims to analyze the recent growth that has been happening in space tourism. In first place, we attempt to identify the main legal issues that arise from the lack of regulation; secondly, we present some solutions and approaches to solve these shortcomings and controversies. These consist of creating a global or international organization responsible for the regulation of major aspects of space tourism, as well as the development of national institutions in every state that runs this kind of activities. Finally, we conclude that the lack of specific regulations for the fully development of this particular activity requires not only the progress in technology and science that has been done until now, but also requires an advance in the legal aspect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New biotechnologies of reproduction emerge nowadays as radical destabilizing agents of what we understand as human life. Within this context, research involving stem cells are on the agenda of several academic articles and major newspapers and magazines around the world. The arguments vary from a sort of pride about the emancipatory power of technology to a fear about the absence of limits to restrict undesirable advances. Amid such controversies, our proposal is, based on Actor Network Theory, to draw a map of networks that produce what we understand as human life, insofar as it seems to be unstabled by the new biotechnologies of reproduction. We followed different mediators along their deviations, in order to produce a report based on the analysis of current bioethical controversies involving, specifically, embryonic stem cell research. These controversies led to a strong connection between media, new biotechnologies of human reproduction and a market logic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5), in May 2013, was an important event. However, it was preceded by a debate with an extraordinary level of controversy. In the first part of this paper, we provide a general analysis of relevant aspects related to the revision process of the manual, including the elaboration of the DSM-5, general-conceptual changes (lifespan organization of disorders, integration of a categorical-dimensional diagnostic approach, the proposed dimensional and cross-cutting assessments), changes to specific diagnostic criteria, and the addition of new categories and groups of disorders. In the second section, we examine the main controversies and criticism related to the revision process of the manual. This includes issues related to methodology flaws, the paradigm shift, problematic new diagnoses, the lowering of thresholds for existing diagnoses, and the new emphasis on the biomedical model. Suggestions for clinical psychology are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable city, new technologies, mobility. These, among others, are some of the terms commonly used to refer to the globalization of the self-service bicycle programmes. Valued for its 'planet friendly' character, these systems have become the hallmark for cities that want to become part of the so-called 'green culture'. Drawing from the experience of the Vélib' program in Paris, this essay problematizes the notions of sustainable city and mobility and describes the collective and controversial work needed to elaborate and stabilize this infrastructure. This essay describes the instruments, strategies and movements (political, urban and technical) used in the conception of this system. The first part of the text describes how the system of public bicycles is conceived as a symbol of the rebirth of urban practices in a big contemporary metropolis. The second part draws on empirical material from a case study of a self-service bicycle system in Paris and analyses two controversies at the beginning of the project. These controversies, which will be analysed from a pragmatic perspective, will allow us to move beyond the common, culturalist way of conceptualizing these infrastructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gradual provincialization process of national territories not only reveals forward and backward steps in its materialization; it also allows a reflection about substantial aspects of Peronism: its political conception, legislative practices and its flexible doctrine. This article investigates the parliamentary debates about the alternatives of incorporation of National territories' inhabitants into the political body of the Nation by examining the changing arguments related to the representation of the Republic and the assessment of the executive and legislative powers within the "Nueva Argentina". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to achieve a better understanding of God's gracious action in the life of the non-elect, one must turn both to Scripture and Reformed theology. To that end, it is important to make a historical research of the theological thought of seminal authors like John Calvin, Abraham Kuyper, and Herman Bavinck on the concept and development of the doctrine of common grace. This development culminated in the controversy on common grace that took place in the Christian Reformed Church in 1924. This essay intends to show, from the evidences of the Holy Scriptures, how this divine gracious action restrains sin and its effects in the life of humankind as well as bestows gifts, talents, abilities, and skills on people, in order to promote their development in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]