Search

This research deals with the history of political science in Iraq as an academic discipline, the paths of developing the knowledge field, and its transformations over the decades. It is helpful for specialists to return to their specialization’s history and realize the early stages as a roadmap for the present and future. History is a necessary feature for any discipline because there are basic links between the history of the field of knowledge, its identity, and its practical applications, which determine the conditions for discussion on issues and the relationship between the prevailing specialization and the sub-field of political theory for future generations. Although political science is within the social sciences, it has what distinguishes it as it does not deal with society as a whole or the individual as a citizen only, but with the authority and the ruling individual or the group that dominates and rules. We suppose that histories of the field of knowledge and specialization would best serve rationality and progress in political science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines lexical-semantic structures in the linguistic consciousness of an individual and considers the factors affecting the establishment of these structures. Understanding the way people categorise the outer world is essential for the development of cross-cultural communication skills. It is crucial not only to realise that we differ, but also to understand the reasons for our differences. The article analyses linguistic consciousness studies in the field of linguistics, psychology and psycholinguistics and provides findings of research into internal structure of a semantic field, 'bird', in the linguistic consciousness of Russian, English, and German speakers. The research findings will be interesting to specialists in intercultural communication and foreign language teachers. The methodological framework of this research is based on the psychometric ranking of verbal and non-verbal stimuli followed by statistical data processing implemented to reveal the nature of results correlation. These results were further exposed to comparative analysis to define the factors bringing about both similarities and discrepancies. The analysis allowed us to prove that both linguistic and cultural phenomena affect the position of a component within a semantic field, making up its core and periphery. Linguistic phenomena feature symbolism, metaphorisation, and wordformation, while cultural phenomena are represented by geographic location and practical skills of communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]