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Objective: To build an application for health education of people with Diabetes Mellitus on prevention of acute complications of the disease. Methods: Applied, exploratory methodological study, technological production phase. Application production took place in two stages: literature review; building the application. Results: Review: 13 studies were identified. In the production of the application "Descomplica, Dona Bete", we opted for the construction in media, text and audio, with a welcome initial screen and a secondary screen that directs to topics on prevention of acute complications Hypoglycemia, Hyperglycemia, Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Status Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar. Conclusion: The process of building the application based on evidence from the literature was the first step to fill part of a gap, considering the lack of knowledge of diabetic people about the acute complications of the disease. Therefore, it constitutes an interactive support for health education actions with the potential to encourage people with diabetes to improve preventive self-care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the variables associated with the presence of diabetic ketoacidosis in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) diagnosis and its impact on the progression of the disease. Methods: We reviewed the records of 274 children and adolescents under 15 years, followed in a Pediatric Endocrinology clinic of a university hospital in Curitiba-PR. They had their first appointment between January 2005 and April 2015. Results: Most patients received their T1DM diagnosis during a diabetic ketoacidosis episode. The associated factors were: lower age and greater number of visits to a physician's office prior to diagnosis; diabetic ketoacidosis was less frequent in patients who had siblings with T1DM and those diagnosed at the first appointment. Nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, tachydyspnea, and altered level of consciousness were more common in the diabetic ketoacidosis group. There was no association with socioeconomic status, duration of symptoms before diagnosis, and length of the honeymoon period. Conclusions: Prospective studies are necessary to better define the impact of these factors on diagnosis and disease control. Campaigns to raise awareness among health professionals and the general population are essential to promote early diagnosis and proper treatment of diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical and laboratory profile of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and their relationship with the values of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Methods: We analyzed medical records of 56 patients (2 to 17 years) treated at the pediatric endocrinology unit of the Conjunto Hospitalar de Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil, during the period from August 2013 to July 2014. Data such as: age, duration of disease, diabetes etiology (autoimmune or idiopathic), type and number of daily insulin injections, caster at the application site, the HbA1c levels, blood glucose monitoring, candy and soft drinks intake and physical activity were analyzed. For statistical analysis, the patients were divided in two groups: bad control = HbA1c>9%; and good control = HbA1c≤9%, according to the International Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD). Results: The mean age of the patients studied was equal to 10.5 years; 53.6% (n=30) of them were in a state of diabetic ketoacidosis diagnosis; and 57.1% (n=32) of the group had HbA1c>9%. Bad control group showed older age, being mainly composed of adolescents (p=0,0230). The weekly intake of soft drinks is associated with the bad control group (p=0,0500). The other factors studied showed no statistical difference between the groups. Conclusions: A large percentage of patients with DM1 had inadequate control of the disease, especially in the adolescent age group. The diagnosis of DM1 in childhood and adolescence is still late, with high presence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious and potentially fatal acute complication. In Diabetes Mellitus (DM) ype 1 diabetes, it may be the prima symptom or result of increased insulin requirements because of infection, trauma, heart attacks and surgeries. Already in DM type 2 may occur under severe conditions such as septicemia. In the absence of insulin, the body is unable to utilize glucose as an energy source, and cells employing other means for keeping its functioning. One alternative is found using fat stores for energy, causing the accumulation of ketone bodies, which determine the extremely unfavorable to the body metabolic acidosis, with harmful and potentially fatal consequences. A correct management running through early diagnosis and effective treatment is essential for the survival of the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]