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The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of integrated crop-livestock-forestry (ICLF) systems and the thinning of eucalyptus trees on the agronomical performance of soybean. Treatments consisted of cultivation under: crops under full sunlight (CFS) conditions; ICLF with triple-row tree configuration (ICLFT) in which trees were submitted to selective thinning in the fifth year after planting through removal of 50% of trees while maintaining triple-row bands; and ICLF with single-row tree band configuration (ICLFS) in which the lateral rows of the triple-row tree bands were subjected to systematic thinning at the fourth year after planting. The physiological and agronomical variables of the soybean crop were evaluated at the R5 and R8 reproductive stages during the eighth harvesting season (2018/2019). Soybean sampling was carried out at five random positions in the CFS and in four transects at distances of 3, 6, 10 and 15 m from the tree bands in both the north and south faces of the ICLF systems. There were no differences between soybean grown under the ICLF and CFS systems with respect to specific leaf area, plant density, lodging index and mass of a thousand grains. However, the ICLF increased dry leaf mass and leaf area index and reduced soybean plant heights. Soybean productivity was reduced by 26% in ICLF-T and 14% in ICLF-S, that is, a 12% reduction in the productivity loss with systematic thinning. It is concluded that ICLF reduces soybean productivity in the effective grain production area of the system, regardless of the degree of thinning, although systematic thinning by removing the lateral tree lines to conversion of triple-rows into single-rows minimizes the loss of soybean grain yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental impact caused by extractive livestock activities is a global concern from the environmental and economic standpoints, since environmental degradation affects plant production directly and animal production indirectly. With a view to lessening environmental damage and adopting more efficient and sustainable production models, the Brazilian government launched governmental policies with financial incentives to their implementation. The Crop-Livestock-Forest integration system (CLFi) consists of simultaneous or successive cultivation for the production of animal- and plant-based foods as well as production of timber and non-timber resources. This system allows for income diversification, increased productivity, benefits to the soil and the system and recovery of degraded areas, in addition to having little environmental impact. However, these may not occur under improper implementation or management of its components, resulting in a scenario of imbalance and competition. Because the forest component remains in the production area for a longer time, the species to be used as well as the arrangement to be adopted must be carefully chosen, since these factors may influence its very development and the development of the other plant components. In view of the complexity of the system and its potential benefits, studies on CLFi are essential for the synthesis of information about the best models to be adopted as a function of the environmental diversity and socioeconomic realities in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reverse logistics is a hotly debated practice in organizational and academic milieus. In fact, it has been established as a tool for the Brazilian policy of solid wastes. The importance of introducing reverse logistic system in agricultureforest-pastoral and agro-industrial activities is self-evident since wastes from such activities are crucial for the environment and for human health. Current study identifies state-of-the-art research in the literature on reverse logistics of wastes produced by agriculture-forest-pastoral and agro-industrial activities to follow approach given to the theme in Brazilian research. The latter's contribution to develop such systems in agribusiness and the gaps in current research are also investigated. A systematic review of the literature has been undertaken involving Capes Scientific Journals, Theses and Dissertations Databases, Scielo, Spell and, as a supplement, Google Academic, between 2005 and 2016. Results show that academic production for reverse logistics of wastes derived from agriculture-forest-pastoral and agroindustry activities is still scarce. On the other hand, research on postconsumption agrotoxic packages for recycling of organic residues derived from the great agro-industrial chains is predominant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We assessed the damage done by cattle in three species of trees in a silvopastoral system implanted in the subtropical region of Brazil. The species Sch terebinthifolius (Raddi), Grevillea robusta (A. Cunn. Ex R. Br) and Eucalyptus d (Maiden), were planted in single rows (14 m x 3 m) to compose a silvopastoral sys During the first three years, the area was used for grain production in alley crop systems. After 41 months of planting trees cattle were first introduced in the area. Five classes of damage intensity were established: no damage, low, medium, high extreme. The damage to the bark of trees were larger than those caused to the cr The trees of S. terebinthifolius were more damaged by cattle. The maintenance terebinthifolius trees in silvopastoral system is not recommended because the dam done by cattle is of extreme intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]