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C(sp3) centers adjacent to (hetero) aryl groups are widely present in physiologically active molecules. Metal‐hydride‐catalyzed hydroalkylation of alkenes represents an efficient means of forging C(sp3)−C(sp3) bonds, boasting advantages as a wide source of substrates, mild reaction conditions, and facile selectivity manipulation. Nevertheless, the hydroalkylation of vinylarenes encounters constraints in terms of substrate scope, necessitating the employment of activated alkyl halides or alkenes containing chelating groups, remains a challenge. In this context, we report a general nickel‐hydride‐catalyzed hydroalkylation protocol for vinylarenes. Remarkably, this system enables α‐selective hydroalkylation of both aryl and heteroaryl alkenes under an extra ligand‐free condition, demonstrating excellent coupling efficiency and selectivity. Furthermore, through the incorporation of chiral bisoxazoline ligands, we have achieved regio‐ and enantioselective hydroalkylation of vinylpyrroles, thereby facilitating the synthesis of α‐branched alkylated pyrrole derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C(sp3) centers adjacent to (hetero) aryl groups are widely present in physiologically active molecules. Metal‐hydride‐catalyzed hydroalkylation of alkenes represents an efficient means of forging C(sp3)−C(sp3) bonds, boasting advantages as a wide source of substrates, mild reaction conditions, and facile selectivity manipulation. Nevertheless, the hydroalkylation of vinylarenes encounters constraints in terms of substrate scope, necessitating the employment of activated alkyl halides or alkenes containing chelating groups, remains a challenge. In this context, we report a general nickel‐hydride‐catalyzed hydroalkylation protocol for vinylarenes. Remarkably, this system enables α‐selective hydroalkylation of both aryl and heteroaryl alkenes under an extra ligand‐free condition, demonstrating excellent coupling efficiency and selectivity. Furthermore, through the incorporation of chiral bisoxazoline ligands, we have achieved regio‐ and enantioselective hydroalkylation of vinylpyrroles, thereby facilitating the synthesis of α‐branched alkylated pyrrole derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the existence of traveling wave solution for temporally discrete Lotka Volterra competitive system with delays. By using the cross iteration method and Schauder’s fixed point theorem, we reduce the existence of traveling wave solutions to the existence of a pair of upper and lower solutions. The obtained results makes up and improves the results of the existence of traveling wave solutions for this systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piezocatalysis is considered to be a favorable catalytic technology by utilizing external mechanical stimulation to promote the specific redox reactions. The application of piezocatalysis in batteries is promising but faces formidable challenges. Herein, the operation principles of piezocatalysis were successfully demonstrated by constructing solid‐state Li−Se and Li−S battery models with interfacial stress accumulation. Lead zirconate titanate with an ultra‐high piezoelectric coefficient was applied as the piezoelectric catalyst. The uniformity of the dipole orientation in materials was essential for achieving piezocatalysis in batteries. The accumulated high‐stress converts to piezopotential for catalyzing most reaction processes in batteries, while the rapid stress change prevents the internal charge reorganization, ensuring continuous efficient catalysis. The internal stress change alters the internal polarisation strength, driving excess screening charge to participate in the electrochemical reaction. Under piezocatalysis, solid‐state Li−Se batteries exhibited a initial discharge capacity of 670.9 mAh g−1 (99.4 % of the theoretical value) at 0.1 C, and Li−S batteries showed a capacity of 1463 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C, which was still maintained up to 1084 mAh g−1 at an elevated rate of 0.5 C. This piezocatalysis strategy provides a strong theoretical basis and design specification for enhancing Li−Se and Li−S battery reaction kinetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Janus transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are a novel class of 2D materials with unique mirror asymmetry. Plasma‐assisted synthesis at room temperature is favored for producing Janus TMDs due to its energy efficiency and prevention of alloying. However, current methods require stringent control over growth conditions, risking defects or unintended materials. A robust plasma‐assisted (RPA) synthesis strategy is introduced, incorporating a built‐in tube with a suitable inner diameter into the plasma‐assisted system. This innovation creates a mild, uniform plasma atmosphere, allowing for broader variations in growth parameters without significantly affecting Janus MoSSe's morphology and characteristics. This approach simplifies the synthesis process and enhances the success rate of Janus TMD production. Additionally, methods are explored to enhance the photoluminescence (PL) of Janus MoSSe. Releasing MoSSe from the growth substrate and annealing it removes strain and unintentional doping, improving PL performance. MoSSe on hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) flakes after annealing shows a 32‐fold increase in PL intensity. Bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide (TFSI) treatment of MoSSe results in a remarkable 70‐fold increase in PL intensity, a 2.5‐fold extension in exciton lifetime, and quantum yield (QY) reaching up to ≈31.2%. These findings provide critical insights for optimizing the luminescence properties of 2D Janus materials, advancing Janus optoelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces an innovative approach to enhance the absorption capabilities of skin‐core dual‐domain structure radar‐absorbing materials (SDSRAM) composed of thin‐ply laminates and honeycomb. The upper skin laminates consist of transmissive skin and impedance matching layer. The impedance matching layer was hot‐pressed using functionalized absorbed thin‐ply glass fibers prepregs, flaked carbonyl iron powder (FCIP) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as the absorber. The lower skin was manufactured using carbon fiber‐plated nickel. The core is prepared by honeycomb modified (HCM). The permittivity and permeability of the skin laminates and the HCM were measured by wave‐guide method. The impact of FCIP/MWCNT on the electromagnetic (EM) parameters of the thin‐ply laminates and the influence of MWCNTs on the permittivity of the honeycomb were investigated. Microwave absorption properties of SDSRAM were assessed through the measurement of reflection loss (RL) using the arch method and simulated using the microwave simulation software CST studio suite 2020. Experimental verification was conducted to confirm the absorbing performance. The results show that the effective absorption bandwidth (RL < 10 dB) of SDSRAM covers the frequency range of 2.2–18 GHz, with a maximum absorption intensity of −42.5 dB. The introduction of the thin‐ply laminates caused a shift in the peak of the reflectance curve toward lower frequencies. Highlights: Functionalized absorbed glass fibers were prepared using fiber spreading functional sizing integrated process.A new skin‐core dual‐domain synergistic modulation absorbed structure was developed with thin‐ply laminates and modified honeycomb. Its broadband absorption mechanism was discussed.Desired broadband absorption performance was acquired with thin thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The damage ability of hypervelocity kinetic energy projectile penetrating ground has become a hotspot in modern military research. In this study, a hypervelocity impact test on a granite target subjected to projectiles using a two-stage light gas gun is conducted to study the stress wave evolution in granite under hypervelocity penetrations. The parameters of the *MAT_JOHNSON_HOLMQUIST_CERAMICS(JH-2) constitutive equation are calibrated using the results of the splinter impact test and the static test, and numerical simulations are performed using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method coupled with finite element method (SPH-FEM coupled method) to extend the resulting data. A formula for calculating the stress wave peak attenuation is established, indicating that the maximum impact pressure produced by the hypervelocity impact decreases exponentially with scaling distance, and the attenuation coefficient is related to the degree of rock damage. Additionally, the attenuation of the speed of sound is used to characterize rock damage, and the damage deterioration law of granite under hypervelocity impact is analyzed based on the damage factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese Christian community occupies an essential position in the pluralistic religious landscape of modern Singapore, which is known as a multicultural and multiracial immigrant society. Despite being a minority compared with Buddhists and Taoists in Singapore, the historical formation and contemporary existence of the Chinese Christian community in Singapore not only embodies religious diversity, but also contributes significantly to Singapore's social development. This paper zooms into the founding and evolution of the Jubilee Church to see how Chinese Christians contributed to the revolutionary cause, took part in the anti-opium movement, and advanced educational activities in Singapore. Particularly, by establishing the Singapore Reading Room, participating in the founding of the Anti-Opium Society and the Chinese Kindergarten, the Jubilee Church played an important role in Singapore's history, contributing to the modernization of Singapore in terms of advancing ideas, improving social order, and promoting education. We aim to shed light on how Chinese Christians were engaged in social activities, taking up significant roles in the transformation of the Chinese diaspora in Singapore. More importantly, we argue that these varied social engagements significantly impacted the development of Christianity. Through a detailed historical case study on the Jubilee Church, this paper proposes that social functions and religious evangelization are mutually constitutive, thus complicating our understanding of the entangled relationship among Chinese diaspora, Christianity, and motherland China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oncidium hybridum Lodd. is an important ornamental flower that is used as both a cut flower and a potted plant around the world; additionally, its pseudobulbs serve as essential carriers for floral organs and flower development. The NAM gene family is crucial for managing responses to various stresses as well as regulating growth in plants. However, the mechanisms by which NAM genes regulate the development of pseudobulbs remain unclear. In this study, a total of 144 NAM genes harboring complete structural domains were identified in O. hybridum. The 144 NAM genes were systematically classified into 14 distinct subfamilies via phylogenetic analysis. Delving deeper into the conserved motifs revealed that motifs 1–6 exhibited remarkable conservation, while motifs 7–10 presented in a few NAM genes only. Notably, NAM genes sharing identical specific motifs were classified into the same subfamily, indicating functional relatedness. Furthermore, the examination of occurrences of gene duplication indicated that the NAM genes display 16 pairs of tandem duplications along with five pairs of segmental duplications, suggesting their role in genetic diversity and potential adaptive evolution. By conducting a correlation analysis integrating transcriptomics and metabolomics at four stages of pseudobulb development, we found that OhNAM023, OhNAM030, OhNAM007, OhNAM019, OhNAM083, OhNAM047, OhNAM089, and OhNAM025 exhibited significant relationships with the endogenous plant hormones jasmonates (JAs), hinting at their potential involvement in hormonal signaling. Additionally, OhNAM089, OhNAM025, OhNAM119, OhNAM055, and OhNAM136 showed strong links with abscisic acid (ABA) and abscisic acid glucose ester (ABA-GE), suggesting the possible regulatory function of these NAM genes in plant growth and stress responses. The 144 NAM genes identified in this study provide a basis for subsequent research and contribute to elucidating the intricate molecular mechanisms of NAM genes in Oncidium and potentially in other species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants generate a range of physiological and molecular responses to sustain their growth and development when suffering heat stress. Avocado is a type of tropical fruit tree with high economic value. Most avocado cultivars delete, wither, or even die when exposed to heat stress for a long time, which seriously restricts the introduction and cultivation of avocados. In this study, samples of a heat-intolerant variety ('Hass') were treated under heat stress, and the transcriptomics and metabolomics were analyzed, with the expectation of providing information on the variety improvement and domestication of avocados. The differentially expressed genes identified using transcriptome analysis mainly involved metabolic pathways such as plant hormone signal transduction, plant–pathogen interaction, and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. Combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis indicated that the down-regulation of Hass.g03.10206 and Hass.g03.10205 in heat shock-like proteins may result in the reduced Trehalose and Sinapoyl aldehyde content. Metabolomics analysis results indicated that the decrease in Trehalose and Sinapoyl aldehyde content may be an important factor for heat intolerance. These results provide important clues for understanding the physiological mechanisms of adaptation to heat stress in avocados. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, AlGaN/GaN Fin-HEMTs with different nanochannel geometric parameters were fabricated and comprehensively characterized. In the arcuate Fin-HEMTs, where the sidewalls arcuate from the source to the drain side, enhancements in the drain current density and transconductance were observed. By extracting and analyzing parameters obtained from small-signal measurements and conducting an analysis of gate capacitance, it was demonstrated that the enhancement can be attributed to the modulation of gate capacitance. This enhances the control capability of the gate over channel carriers, resulting in increased transconductance of the device. Due to the enhanced transconductance, the fT and fmax of the arcuate Fin-HEMTs are both enhanced. Notably, the arcuate Fin-HEMTs achieved a power-added efficiency of 71.4% at a frequency of 3.6 GHz and a drain voltage of 20 V. Meanwhile, the linearity of the arcuate Fin-HEMTs is improved compared with the conventional Fin-HEMTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Previous studies focusing on primary aldosteronism (PA) and thyroid diseases were controversial. Hence, this study aimed to examine associations between thyroid function, thyroid diseases, and PA and its subtypes. Design and Methods This was a cross-sectional study, which enrolled 1023 patients with PA and 6138 patients with essential hypertension (EH) admitted to Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from August 2011 to June 2022. All patients with PA were accurately classified into aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA) by adrenal vein sampling (AVS). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship of thyroid function, thyroid nodules, and PA and its subtypes. Results A total of 7161 patients (327 APA and 696 IHA, and 6138 EH) were included with a mean age of 48.20 ± 8.83 years. PA patients and PA subtypes showed lower FT4, FT3, TT4, TT3, and prevalence of positive TPOAb, meanwhile higher prevalence of thyroid nodules than EH patients (PA: 56.10%, IHA: 56.90%, APA: 54.80%, and EH: 48.90%, respectively). PA (adjusted OR: 1.290, 95% CI: 1.035-1.607, P =.02) and its subtype (IHA) (adjusted OR: 1.316, 95% CI: 1.005-1.724, P =.04) were significantly associated with thyroid nodules. Compared to patients with lower plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) levels (<12 ng/dL), patients with PAC levels ≥ 12 ng/dL presented a higher prevalence of thyroid nodules. Conclusions PA patients had lower thyroid function and higher prevalence of thyroid nodules compared to EH patients. Therefore, the screening of thyroid function and thyroid nodules may be indispensable for PA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creatures, such as Venus flytrap and hummingbirds, capable of rapid predation through snap‐through transition, provide paradigms for the design of soft actuators and robots with fast actions. However, these artificial "snappers" usually need contact stimulations to trigger the flipping. Reported here is a constrained anisotropic poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel showing fast snapping upon light stimulation. This hydrogel is prepared by flow‐induced orientation of nanosheets (NSs) within a rectangular tube. The precursor containing gold nanoparticles is immediately exposed to UV light for photopolymerization to fix the ordered structure of NSs. Two ends of the slender gel are clamped to form a buckle with bistability nature, which snaps to the other side upon laser irradiation. Systematic experiments are conducted to investigate the influences of power intensity and irradiation angle of the laser, as well as thickness and buckle height of the gel, on the snapping behaviors. The fast snapping is further used to kick a plastic bead and control the switch state. Furthermore, synergetic or oscillated snapping of the gel with two buckles of opposite directions is realized by inclined irradiation of a laser or horizontal irradiation with two lasers, respectively. Such light‐steered snapping of hydrogels should merit designing soft robots, energy harvests, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides experimental results for the synthesis of various compounds using a general procedure. The compounds include 5-Pivalamidooctyl Benzoate, N-(1-(2-Methoxyphenoxy)heptan-4-yl)pivalamide, N-(1-(3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)heptan-4-yl)pivalamide, 4-Pivalamidoheptyl 2-Bromobenzoate, N-(8-(2,6-Dichlorophenoxy)octan-4-yl)pivalamide, 6-Pivalamidononyl 2-(2-Fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)propanoate, 7-Pivalamidodecyl Thiophene-2-carboxylate, and 4-Pivalamidoheptyl 1-Methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate. The compounds' yields, physical properties, and spectroscopic data, including NMR and HRMS, are reported. The document does not provide any additional information or context beyond the experimental results. [Extracted from the article]

[Display omitted] Na superionic conductor (NASICON)-structured Na 4 MnCr(PO 4) 3 (NMCP) possessing unique three-electron transfer process renders admirable energy density for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). However, the current issues like its sluggish Na+ diffusion kinetics, deficient intrinsic conductivity, and unsatisfactory structural stability, hinder its practical application. Herein, a selective replacement of O elements in PO 4 group by Cl anions in the NMCP system was developed to significantly enhance its electrochemical performance. The results affirm that the enhanced performance of Cl doped samples can be attributed to the enlargement of cell size, the creation of Na vacancies and the weakness of Na2 O bond after Cl doping. The as-prepared Na 3.85 □ 0.15 MnCr(PO 3.95 Cl 0.05) 3 /C (NMCPC − 15/C) cathode delivers a high capacity (128.0 mAh/g at 50 mA g−1) and excellent rate performance (73.0 mAh/g at 1000 mA g−1) in contrast to NMCP/C that merely provides 105.2 mAh/g at 50 mA g−1 and reduces to 47.4 mAh/g at 1000 mA g−1. Meanwhile, NMCPC − 15/C shows a capacity retention of 60.7 % at 1000 mA g−1 after 500 cycles, while only 37.1 % for NMCP/C in the same test conditions. Moreover, the satisfactory performance and energy density of NMCPC − 15/C||hard carbon (HC) full cell confirm the potential practicality of NMCPC − 15. Therefore, chloride ions doping into NMCP has practical application prospects in the preparation of high-performance cathode materials and our work also offers new inspiration to apply anion doping strategies in promoting the performance of the other NASICON-structured cathodes for SIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we use two methods, an algorithm of the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise combined with the Gaussian mixture model, and the maximum likelihood method, to study two open clusters: IC 2488 and IC 2714 with Gaia Data Release 3 data. We compare the two methods in terms of cluster star number, isochrone fitting, cluster mass, and radius. The comparison shows that the selections of cluster stars by the two methods are consistent. The parameters obtained by the two methods are very close. But there are slight differences between the two methods for faint stars in IC 2714. The maximum likelihood method selects more faint stars outside of the main-sequence stripe. We conclude that the maximum likelihood method is more likely affected by field stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An electrochemical oxidation-induced amination of simple alkylarenes with sulfoximines as a nitrogen source and 5,6-dimethyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole as a catalyst under mild conditions was developed. This protocol represents a rare example of benzylic C–H functionalization of alkylarenes that involves the electrochemical generation of N-center radical, providing access to a range of corresponding aminated products in moderate to good yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, cutting-edge, high-frequency current sources are limited by switching devices and wire materials, and the output current cannot take into account the demands of a high peak and low rise time at the same time. Based on the output demand of a current source, a non-inductive coil for providing high-frequency, high current sources with low rise times is designed. The coil is appropriately designed according to the principle of the ampere-turn method, where several turns of wire are utilized to linearly synthesize the current to obtain high-frequency currents with amplitudes up to 30 kA. However, the inductance formed after winding the coil could possess a hindering effect on the high-frequency current. In the present investigation, based on the law of energy conservation and utilizing the principle of transformer coupling, the inductor's hindering effect on high-frequency currents is appropriately eliminated by consuming the stored energy of the inductor innovatively. Theoretical calculations and practical tests show that the inductance of a two-layer 28-turn coil is 42 times smaller than that of a two-layer, 28-turn perfect circular spiral PCB coil. The measured inductance is only 6.69 μH, the output current amplitude is calculated to be up to 33 kA with a rise time of 20 ns, and the output waveform corresponding to a 1 MHz square wave is not remarkably distorted. This effective design idea could be very helpful in solving the problem of high peak values and low rise times in high-frequency, high-current source output design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus is an immunologically dysregulated disease characterized by the presence of multiple autoantibodies. In SLE, B lymphocytes contribute to the dysregulated production of autoantibodies and cytokines. Recently, we discovered that miR-99a-3p binds to both EIF4EBP1 and NCAPG mRNA and that lowering miR-99a-3p can promote B cell autophagy in SLE by increasing EIF4EBP1 expression. However, the functions of miR-99a-3p and NCAPG in SLE have not been extensively investigated. Objective: This work aims to evaluate the levels of miR-99a-3p and NCAPG expression in SLE B cells and to determine whether the aberrant expression of miR-99a-3p and NCAPG contributes to the pathological mechanisms in SLE. Methods: B lymphocytes were obtained through immunomagnetic negative selection. Using RT-qPCR, miR-99a-3p and NCAPG mRNA expressions in B lymphocytes and in the BALL-1 cell line were measured. To determine the relative abundance of NCAPG, PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT, and p-AKT, we normalize them to the level of β-actin using Western blotting. Evaluation of miR-99a-3p and NCAPG's impact on cell proliferation was done utilizing CCK-8 assay. Using flow cytometry, the cell cycle and apoptosis were both measured. Results: Comparing SLE B cells to healthy controls, miR-99a-3p expression was significantly downregulated. Additionally, it was observed that SLE B cells had significantly higher NCAPG mRNA expression. Blocking miR-99a-3p expression in BALL-1 cells with an antagomir elevated NCAPG expression, facilitated PI3K/AKT pathway activation, improved cell proliferation, raised the fraction of S-phase cells, and prevented cell apoptosis. The opposite effects of upregulated miR-99a-3p levels on BALL-1 cells were observed by using an agomir. Furthermore, the effect of decreased miR-99a-3p expression on cell proliferation was partially mediated by elevating NCAPG levels and activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Conclusion: Our research indicates that lower miR-99a-3p expression in SLE B cells appears to boost B cell number via the NCAPG and PI3K/AKT pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flow characteristics in centrifugal pump are complicated due to its complex geometry structure. Based on micro-internal circulation experimental bench and high-frequency PIV system, the velocity field at different experimental conditions is measured and the velocity values under different PIV sample frequencies are compared and analyzed. The results indicate that within the relative velocity error limit of 5%, the minimum sample frequency of the high-frequency PIV system should be greater than 2000 Hz for the impeller with speed of 600 r/min at design condition. While the speeds of the impeller are 400 r/min and 500 r/min, the minimum sample frequency must be higher than 1428 Hz and 1667 Hz, respectively. The minimum sample frequency only needs to reach about 1111 Hz when the impeller speed is reduced to 300 r/min. However, it requires a higher minimum sample frequency for the impeller at part-load conditions. The minimum sample frequency should be higher than 3333 Hz, 2500 Hz and 2000 Hz for the impeller speed with 600 r/min, 500 r/min and 400 r/min, respectively. When the impeller speed is less than 600 r/min, the sample frequency of high-frequency PIV system should not exceed 5000 Hz. The results provide important reference indicators for the construction of high-frequency PIV system used in centrifugal pumps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Black Sea is a permanently anoxic, marine basin serving as model system for the deposition of organic‐rich sediments in a highly stratified ocean. In such systems, archaeal lipids are widely used as paleoceanographic and biogeochemical proxies; however, the diverse planktonic and benthic sources as well as their potentially distinct diagenetic fate may complicate their application. To track the flux of archaeal lipids and to constrain their sources and turnover, we quantitatively examined the distributions and stable carbon isotopic compositions (δ13C) of intact polar lipids (IPLs) and core lipids (CLs) from the upper oxic water column into the underlying sediments, reaching deposits from the last glacial. The distribution of IPLs responded more sensitively to the geochemical zonation than the CLs, with the latter being governed by the deposition from the chemocline. The isotopic composition of archaeal lipids indicates CLs and IPLs in the deep anoxic water column have negligible influence on the sedimentary pool. Archaeol substitutes tetraether lipids as the most abundant IPL in the deep anoxic water column and the lacustrine methanic zone. Its elevated IPL/CL ratios and negative δ13C values indicate active methane metabolism. Sedimentary CL‐ and IPL‐crenarchaeol were exclusively derived from the water column, as indicated by non‐variable δ13C values that are identical to those in the chemocline and by the low BIT (branched isoprenoid tetraether index). By contrast, in situ production accounts on average for 22% of the sedimentary IPL‐GDGT‐0 (glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether) based on isotopic mass balance using the fermentation product lactate as an endmember for the dissolved substrate pool. Despite the structural similarity, glycosidic crenarchaeol appears to be more recalcitrant in comparison to its non‐cycloalkylated counterpart GDGT‐0, as indicated by its consistently higher IPL/CL ratio in sediments. The higher TEX86, CCaT, and GDGT‐2/‐3 values in glacial sediments could plausibly result from selective turnover of archaeal lipids and/or an archaeal ecology shift during the transition from the glacial lacustrine to the Holocene marine setting. Our in‐depth molecular‐isotopic examination of archaeal core and intact polar lipids provided new constraints on the sources and fate of archaeal lipids and their applicability in paleoceanographic and biogeochemical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accurate large-scale positioning system is a novel full-space laser positioning system that has the advantages of automatic and multi-node parallel measurement and sub-millimeter positioning accuracy, and it has become an important component in the digital manufacturing of large equipment. Goniometric accuracy is particularly important for the evaluation of system function and accuracy improvement. An improved goniometric accuracy calibration method is proposed to assess the goniometric accuracy by using multiple measurement points to fit the mapping relationship between the goniometric measurement of the system and the goniometric measurement of the multi-tooth indexing table. The feasibility of the accuracy assessment method is verified by establishing a geometric model and performing modeling and simulation analysis. The method is verified using an all-space laser positioning system, and the dynamic performance of the base station is optimized to improve the overall goniometric accuracy. The maximum value of the goniometric error is 0.008″ and the goniometric accuracy is 0.026″ after fitting the curve by the mapping relation, demonstrating high stability, and the fluctuation of the goniometric error after optimization is improved from the original ±15″ to ±7.5″, verifying the effectiveness of the goniometric compensation method. This method solves the problem of coaxiality calibration in goniometric evaluation and provides the basis for the traceability of the goniometric accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) can be used to detect pathogens in clinical infectious diseases through the sequencing analysis of microbial and host nucleic acids in clinical samples. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of mNGS in patients with infections. Methods In this study, 641 patients with infectious diseases were enrolled. These patients simultaneously underwent pathogen detection by both mNGS and microbial culture. Through statistical analysis, we judged the diagnostic performance of mNGS and microbial culture on different pathogens.  Results Among 641 patients, 276 cases of bacteria and 95 cases of fungi were detected by mNGS, whereas 108 cases of bacteria and 41 cases of fungi were detected by traditional cultures. Among all mixed infections, combined bacterial and viral infections were the highest (51%, 87/169), followed by combined bacterial with fungal infections (16.57%, 28/169) and mixed bacterial, fungal, and viral infections (13.61%, 23/169). Among all sample types, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples had the highest positive rate (87.8%, 144/164), followed by sputum (85.4%, 76/89) and blood samples (61.2%, 158/258). For the culture method, sputum samples had the highest positive rate (47.2%, 42/89), followed by BALF (37.2%, 61/164). The positive rate of mNGS was 69.89% (448/641), which was significantly higher than that of traditional cultures (22.31% [143/641]) (P <.05). Conclusions Our results show that mNGS is an effective tool for the rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases. Compared with traditional detection methods, mNGS also showed obvious advantages in mixed infections and infections with uncommon pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous metamaterials with three-dimensional periodic minimal surfaces provide new inspirations to develop catalytic hydrogen generation materials owing to their excellent mass transfer. Herein, ten kinds of Al porous metamaterials with triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) were prepared by selective laser melting (SLM) for hydrogen generation from Al–H 2 O reaction. The structures of TPMS type Al materials significantly affect their hydrogen generation performance, and the increased reaction area and liquid flow rate of TPMS structure can effectively improve the galvanical replacement reaction and rapidly form a Ni/Al battery, thus accelerating the hydrogen generation. Compared to conventional aluminum powder, the obtained Diamond type Al porous metamaterial exhibit short induction period, high hydrogen generation yield (81.4 % after 2 h reaction) and high hydrogen generation rate (468 mL-H 2 ·min−1·g Al −1), easy activation of surface passivation film, good structural stability and convenience to recycle the materials after use. This work highlights a simple, low-cost and optional porous structure design strategy that can be applied in the field of safe and efficient catalytic hydrogen generation. [Display omitted] • TPMS type Al porous metamaterials was firstly developed to efficiently produce H 2. • The metamaterial exhibit high stability and quick start-up for hydrogen generation. • Surface passivation film is easily removed by pretreatment. • The metamaterial is convenience to recycle after use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Paeoniforin ameliorates cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease via JNK/p53 signaling" published in the journal Metabolic Brain Disease. The correction states that the figures in the original article were not the final versions and provides the corrected versions of Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. The figures show the results of experiments related to the effects of Paeoniforin on Parkinson's disease in mice, including the attenuation of loss of nigrostriatal DA neurons, cell apoptosis, neuronal survival, accumulation of Aβ, and the phosphorylation of the JNK/p53 pathway. The correction notice is authored by Zhu-qing He, Peng-fei Huan, Li Wang, and Jian-cheng He. Springer Nature, the publisher, remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. [Extracted from the article]

Since it was confirmed two decades ago that the expansion of the Universe is accelerating, it would be of theoretical interests to figure out what is the influence from cosmological constant on detection of stochastic gravitational wave background. This paper studies the overlap reduction functions in de-Sitter space-time for a pair of one-way tracking gravitational wave detectors. It is shown to be non-trivial in an expanding Universe, because the propagation of light along line of sight also has effect on the response of GW detectors. It is found that the expansion of the Universe can enhance the value of magnitude of the overlap reduction functions, when the detector pairs are close to each other. For nanohertz gravitational waves, this effect can dominate the values of overlap reduction functions when the galactic pulsar pairs are separated by milliarcsecond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermoelectric active cooling uses nontraditional thermoelectric materials with high thermal conductivity, high thermoelectric power factor, and relatively low figure of merit (ZT) to transfer large heat flows from a hot object to a cold heat sink. However, prior studies have not considered the influence of external thermal resistances associated with the heat sinks or contacts, making it difficult to design active cooling thermal systems or compare the use of low-ZT and high-ZT materials. Here, we perform a non-dimensionalized analysis of thermoelectric active cooling under forced heat flow boundary conditions, including arbitrary external thermal resistances. We identify the optimal electrical currents to minimize the heat source temperature and find the crossover heat flows at which low-ZT active cooling leads to lower source temperatures than high-ZT and even Z T → + ∞ thermoelectric refrigeration. These optimal parameters are insensitive to the thermal resistance between the heat source and thermoelectric materials, but depend strongly on the heat sink thermal resistance. Finally, we map the boundaries where active cooling yields lower source temperatures than thermoelectric refrigeration. For currently considered active cooling materials, active cooling with ZT < 0.1 is advantageous compared to Z T → + ∞ refrigeration for dimensionless heat sink thermal conductances larger than 15 and dimensionless source powers between 1 and 100. Thus, our results motivate further investigation of system-level thermoelectric active cooling for applications in electronics thermal management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intestinal microbiota was connected to Parkinson's Disease (PD) pathology. The ancient Chinese medication for PD is Compound Dihuang Granule (CDG), and we found a neuroprotective function in treating the constipation of PD patients. Nevertheless, the mechanism of action still needs to be clarified. We predicted the probable targets of CDG against PD through Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) network pharmacology and verified the analysis through animal experiments in vivo. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis screened PD-related genes, including Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4), TANK-binding kinase 1(TBK1), Nuclear Factor- Kappa B (NF-κB), and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses proved that the NF-κB and toll-like receptor signaling pathways serve a key function in CDG therapy of PD. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated that CDG strongly connected to TLR4/NF-κB. Experiments findings indicated that CDG improved the damage of dopaminergic neurons and gut microbial dysbiosis, ameliorated motor impairments, and suppressed the PD-associated inflammation and oxidative stress in mice induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahy dropyridine (MPTP). CDG suppressed the inflammatory proteins in the colon and protected the intestinal barrier. Overall, CDG improved gut microbial in PD by blocking the pathway of TLR4/NF-κB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of low cost, efficient and stable overall water splitting electrocatalysts is essential for green hydrogen production. In this work, we report a defect-rich MoS2/CoS2 heterostructure supported on in situ formed graphene layers (MoS2/CoS2/C) synthesized via gas-phase sulfidation, which enables bifunctionality towards electrocatalytic oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution reactions (OER and HER). In alkaline medium, the catalyst exhibited overpotentials of 170 mV and 293 mV for HER and OER, respectively. In an alkaline electrolyzer using MoS2/CoS2/C as both cathode and anode, a cell voltage of 1.68 V was delivered at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, and remarkable stability maintained during 20 h of chronoamperometry test. Furthermore, the Faraday efficiencies of HER and OER in electrolytic water systems are as high as 97.3% and 94.7%, respectively. The good HER and OER catalytic activity over the MoS2/CoS2/C catalyst could be attributed to the abundance of defects, the strong interaction between MoS2 and CoS2, the large electrochemical surface area, and the excellent electron conductivity. Therefore, this work may provide an effective strategy for future development of overall water splitting catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noncoding RNAs constitute a substantial portion of the transcriptome and play pivotal roles in plant growth and development. Among these processes, flowering stands out as a crucial trait, ensuring reproductive success and seed set, and is meticulously controlled by genetic and environmental factors. With remarkable advancements in the identification and characterization of noncoding RNAs in plants, it has become evident that noncoding RNAs are intricately linked to the regulation of flowering time. In this article, we present an overview of the classification of plant noncoding RNAs and delve into their functions in the regulation of flowering time. Furthermore, we review their molecular mechanisms and their involvement in flowering pathways. Our comprehensive review enhances the understanding of how noncoding RNAs contribute to the regulation of flowering time and sheds light on their potential implications in crop breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transformation of CO/CO2 hydrogenation into high-density sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) represents a promising pathway for carbon emission reduction in the aviation industry but also serves as a method for renewable energy assimilation. However, current hydrocarbon products synthesized through CO/CO2 often focus on various catalytic paths with high selectivity and high conversion rates rather than the synthesis of SAFs with complex components. This study undertakes a thermodynamic investigation into the direct or indirect synthesis of SAFs from CO/CO2 hydrogenation. By analyzing the synthesis of seven aviation fuels defined by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D7566 standard, our study reveals a temperature-dependent reduction in the reaction driving force for all products. Specifically, for CO, ΔG transitions from approximately −88.6 J/(mol·K) at 50 °C to 26.7 J/(mol·K) at 500 °C, with the switch from negative to positive values occurring around 390 °C. Similarly, for CO2, ΔG values change from approximately −66.7 J/(mol·K) at 50 °C to 37.3 J/(mol·K) at 500 °C, with the transition point around 330 °C. The thermodynamic favorability for various hydrocarbon products synthesized is also examined, highlighting a transition at temperatures of around 250 °C, beyond which the thermodynamic drive for the synthesis of aromatic compounds increasingly surpasses that of cycloparaffin synthesis. Our findings also underscore that the products with a higher aromatic content yield a lower H2/CO2 ratio, thus reducing hydrogen consumption. The influence of cycloparaffin and aromatic proportions in the typical SAF products on the ΔG is also explored, revealing that an increase in cycloparaffin content in SAFs slightly elevates the ΔG, whereas an increase in aromatic content significantly reduces ΔG, thereby markedly enhancing the thermodynamic drive of the CO/CO2 hydrogenation reaction. These findings underscore the thermodynamic preference for synthesizing SAF with a higher proportion of aromatic compounds, shedding light on potential pathways for optimizing fuel synthesis to improve efficiency. Finally, the thermodynamic challenges and potential solutions involved in synthesizing SAFs via specific intermediate compounds are discussed, presenting opportunities for more strategic process schemes in industrial scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: More efficient instruments for body constitution identification are needed for clinical practice. We aimed to develop the short-form version of the Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire (CCMQ) and evaluate for health management. Methods: First, the short forms were developed through expert survey, classical test theory (CTT), and modern item response (IRT) based on the CCMQ. A combination of e-mail and manual methods was used in expert survey. Then, five indexes of CTT including criteria value-critical ratio, correlation coefficient, discrete tendency, internal consistency, and factor loading were used. And, IRT method was used through analyzing the discrimination and difficulty parameters of items. Second, the three top-ranked items of each constitution scale were selected for the simplified CCMQ, based on the three combined methods of different conditions and weights. Third, The psychometric properties such as completion time, validity (Construct, criterion, and divergent validity), and reliability (test–retest and internal consistency reliability) were evaluated. Finally, the diagnostic validity of the best short-form used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: Three short-form editions were developed, and retained items 27, 23 and 27, which are named as WangQi nine body constitution questionnaire of Traditional Chinese Medicine (short-form) (SF-WQ9CCMQ)- A, B, and C, respectively. SF-WQ9CCMQ- A is showed the best psychometric property on Construct validity, Criterion validity, test–retest reliability and internal consistency reliability. The diagnostic validity indicated that the area under the ROC curve was 0.928 (95%CI: 0.924–0.932) for the Gentleness constitution scale, and were 0.895–0.969 and 0.911–0.981 for unbalance constitution scales using the cut-off value of the original CCMQ as 40 ("yes" standard) and 30 ("tendency" standard), respectively. Conclusions: Our study successfully developed a well short-form which has good psychometric property, and excellent diagnostic validity consistent with the original. New and simplified instrument and opportunity are provided for body constitution identification, health management and primary care implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dalbergia odorifera is a valuable material used in the crafting of luxury furniture, and the chemical constituents from heartwood possess significant medicinal value. The WRKY gene family, one of the most extensively studied gene families, plays an important role in plants. However, a comprehensive genome-wide identification of the WRKY gene family in D. odorifera has not been reported yet. In this study, a total of 99 WRKY genes were identified in D. odorifera. The DoWRKY genes were categorized into three primary groups with five subgroups. A collinearity analysis revealed 38 segmental duplications and 3 tandem duplications within the DoWRKY genes, indicating the pivotal role of segmental duplication in gene family expansion. Through the analysis of DoWRKY transcriptomic data across diverse tissues and under wounding stress, we found that only eight genes were universally expressed, while a subset displayed distinct tissue-specific patterns. Notably, DoWRKY41 was exclusively expressed in leaves; DoWRKY04 was solely in roots; and DoWRKY17, DoWRKY28, DoWRKY47, and DoWRKY67 were uniquely in flowers. Furthermore, we identified 24 WRKY proteins that tightly respond to wounding stress (20 upregulated; 4 downregulated). This comprehensive investigation offered valuable insights into the WRKY gene family of D. odorifera, serving as a foundational resource for forthcoming explorations into the functional roles of these genes amid wounding stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) is a common malignant tumor of digestive tract, accounting for 90% of all pathological types of esophageal cancer. Despite the rapid development of multi-disciplinary treatment such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy, the prognosis of patients with ESCC is still poor. Regulators of G-protein signaling (RGSs) are involved in the processes of various cancers. The expression levels of its family member RGS16 are abnormally elevated in a variety of tumors, but its role in ESCC is still unclear. We found that RGS16 expression is aberrantly increased in ESCC tissues and correlated with poor prognosis of ESCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and our collected ESCC tissues. Moreover, knockdown of RGS16 in two ESCC cells could indeed inhibit their proliferation and migration. We further explored the molecular mechanism of RGS16 in ESCC, and the correlation analysis from TCGA database showed that the mRNA levels of RGS16 was positively correlated with that of CTGF and CYR61 , two target genes of Hippo-YAP signaling. Consistently, RGS16- knockdown significantly inhibited the expression of CTGF and CYR61 in ESCC cells. We found that the phosphorylation levels of LATS1 and YAP were significantly increased and YAP translocated into the cytoplasm after depletion of RGS16 in ESCC cells. Also, RGS16-knockdown promoted the interaction between LATS1 and upstream kinase MST1. In addition, reintroduction of a constitutive active YAP5A mutant significantly rescued CTGF expression and cell proliferation in RGS16-knockdown cells. Together, our work revealed that RGS16 promoted YAP activity through disrupting the interaction between LATS1 and MST1, thus promoting the proliferation and migration of ESCC cells. • RGS16 expression was elevated in ESCC tissues and correlated with poor prognosis of ESCC patients. • RGS16 inhibition suppressed cell proliferation and migration of ESCC cells. • RGS16 regulated YAP and LATS1 phosphorylation in ESCC cells. • RGS16 disrupted the interaction between LATS1 and upstream kinase MST1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanism of long-term cognitive impairment after neonatal sepsis remains poorly understood, although long-lasting neuroinflammation has been considered the primary contributor. Necroptosis is actively involved in the inflammatory process, and in this study, we aimed to determine whether neonatal sepsis-induced long-term cognitive impairment was associated with activation of necroptosis. Rat pups on postnatal day 3 (P3) received intraperitoneal injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/kg) to induce neonatal sepsis. Intracerebroventricular injection of IL-1β-siRNA and necrostatin-1 (NEC1) were performed to block the production of IL-1β and activation of necroptosis in the brain, respectively. The Morris water maze task and fear conditioning test were performed on P28–P32 and P34–P35, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and Western blotting were used to examine the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines and necroptosis-associated proteins, such as receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) and receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3). Sustained elevation of IL-1β level was observed in the brain after initial neonatal sepsis, which would last for at least 32 days. Sustained necroptosis activation was also observed in the brain. Knockdown of IL-1β expression in the brain alleviated necroptosis and improved long-term cognitive function. Direct inhibition of necroptosis also improved neurodevelopment and cognitive performance. This research indicated that sustained activation of necroptosis via IL-1β contributed to long-term cognitive dysfunction after neonatal sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When lakes are dammed by earthquake-induced landslides, they can pose a significant threat to communities and infrastructure both downstream and upstream. To improve means for disaster prevention and mitigation, a field investigation together with the DEM-SPH numerical method was utilized to study a landslide-dammed lake disaster in the Baoxing River after the 2022 Lushan earthquake. The simulation results agreed well with those of the field investigation; the simulated landslide dam and dammed lake were similar to the field observations. The whole process of the formation of the landslide-dammed lake, including the formation of the natural dam, the blocking of the river, and overtopping, was well described. The maximum average velocity and sliding distance of the causative Xinhua landslide were 6.55 m/s and 318 m, respectively. The limit storage capacity of the dammed lake was 513,317 m3; the water level increased under the impoundment, and the maximum river depth was 22.56 m. The fluid pressure increased with river flow direction, and the maximum fluid pressure was 1.81 × 105 Pa. The process of the river blocking disaster was divided into three stages: the impoundment stage, discharge stage, and balanced stage. In the event of a heavy rainfall, the submerged area could increase by 20.8% compared with the current state. The coupled numerical investigation presented in this paper provides new insights into the research and risk assessment of landslide-dammed lakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rock fragment (RF) has been widely observed in the soil solum or on the soil surface. It regulates soil hydrological processes (SHPs) and thus has great impacts on soil and water conservation. However, responses of SHPs to RF characteristics (position, content, coverage area, mulching thickness, and size) remain unclear. Based on the dataset extracted from 168 published studies, effects of RF characteristics on SHPs (soil loss rate, evaporation rate, surface runoff rate, infiltration rate, soil water content, and soil water storage) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) were discussed in this study. Results showed that RFs completely inserted into the soil solum (CO_INS) improved the Ks by 6.9%, runoff rate by 12.8%, and soil loss rate by 22.3%, while it reduced the evaporation rate by 30.7%, infiltration rate by 15.4%, and soil water content by 9.9%. With the RF content (kg kg−1) increasing, its effects on these SHPs were strengthened. The RFs resting on the surface and partially covering soil surface (PA_COV) improved the infiltration rate but reduced the evaporation rate by 36.9%, surface runoff rate by 25.4%, and soil loss rate by 59.3%. This in turn enhanced soil water content and storage. However, as the RF coverage (% in area) increasing, the cross-sectional area of water flow decreased, and thus the infiltration rate reduced. The RFs completely mulch on the soil surface (CO_MUL) reduced the evaporation rate by 59.5% and infiltration rate by 76.5% but improved the soil water content and storage. Except the infiltration rate, the effects of CO_MUL on SHPs were strengthened as mulch thickness (cm) increased. The RFs partially embedded into soil surface (PA_EMB) promoted surface runoff rate by 15.3%, soil loss rate by 34.7%, and soil water content by 24.3%, but reduce the infiltration rate. However, the surface runoff rate was reduced at high embedded coverage due to increased tortuosity of water flow. In addition, the RF size exerted weaker effects on SHPs than RF positions, content, coverage, and mulch thickness. Our findings enhanced the understanding of SHP responses to RFs characteristics, which would be important for relate soil and water modeling and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scaly crickets, Mogoplistinae, form a monophyletic group of crickets and are characterised by scales covering the integument. In many species, males have modified forewings for producing highly tonal calling songs. Despite being a highly speciose and abundant group of orthopterans in tropical forests, data on their calling songs and studies on their bioacoustics remain scanty. In this study, we recorded and described the calling songs of seven sympatric scaly cricket species belonging to three genera—Cycloptiloides, Ectatoderus and Ornebius—from Singapore. We compared call structure and call parameters of syntopic species occurring together in the same locality within Singapore and found that syntopic congeners exhibit acoustic partitioning to avoid inter-specific competition for the acoustic space. We also found that calling songs can be highly varied among congeners and species from the same species groups. Finally, we also observed that syllable duration and peak frequency exhibit vastly different allometric relationships with body size. Larger scaly cricket species bear disproportionately longer syllable duration, but not differences in peak frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

WD repeat and HMG-box DNA binding protein 1 (WDHD1) is a highly conserved gene from yeast to humans. It actively participates in DNA replication, playing a crucial role in DNA damage repair and the cell cycle, contributing to centromere formation and sister chromosome segregation. Notably, several studies have implicated WDHD1 in the development and progression of diverse tumor types, including esophageal carcinoma, pulmonary carcinoma, and breast carcinoma. Additionally, the inhibitor of WDHD1 has been found to enhance radiation sensitivity, improve drug resistance, and significantly decrease tumor cell proliferation. This comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of the molecular structure, biological functions, and regulatory mechanisms of WDHD1 in tumors, thereby establishing a foundation for future investigations and potential clinical applications of WDHD1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy dissipation based on dynamic fracture of metal ligands is an effective way to toughen hydrogels for specific applications in biomedical and engineering fields. Exploration of new kinds of metal‐ligand coordinates with robust bonding strength is crucial for the facile synthesis of tough gels. Here a hydrogel toughening strategy based on the formation of robust coordination complexes between the hydrazide ligands and zinc ions is reported. The resultant hydrogels exhibit high strength and toughness at room temperature. Their mechanical properties show temperature dependence due to the dynamic nature of coordination bonds. In addition, the amine group of hydrazides in the gel matrix provides a reactive site for Schiff's base reaction, enabling surface modification without influence on overall mechanical performances of the gel. The hydrazide ligands are easy to synthesize and can coordinate very well with several transition metals. Such a metal‐ligand coordination should be suitable to develop tough soft materials with versatile applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a novel technique that uses observation data from GNSS to estimate the ionospheric vertical total electron content (VTEC) using the Kriging–Kalman method. The technique provides a method to validate the accuracy of the Ionospheric VTEC analysis within the Equatorial Ionization anomaly region. The technique developed uses GNSS VTEC alongside solar parameters, such as solar radio flux (F10.7 cm), Disturbance Storm Time (Dst) and other data, and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) Networks to predict the occurrence time of the ionospheric equatorial anomaly and ionospheric VTEC changes. The LSTM method was applied to GNSS data from Haikou Station. A comparison of this technique with the neural network (NN) model and International Reference Ionosphere model shows that the LSTM outperforms all of them at VTEC estimation and prediction. The results, which are based on the root mean square error (RMSE) between GNSS VTEC and GIM VTEC outside the equatorial anomaly region, was 1.42 TECU, and the results of GNSS VTEC and VTEC from Beidou geostationary orbit satellite, which lies inside the equatorial ionization anomaly region, was 1.92 TECU. The method developed can be used in VTEC prediction and estimation in real time space operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forecasting is making predictions about what will happen or how things will change. This can help people avoid blindness and losses and play a significant role in their lives. In multi-attribute prediction problems, the correlation between attributes is often ignored, which affects prediction accuracy. Based on fuzzy rough sets and logistic regression, this paper proposes a new logistic regression method that fully considers attribute correlation, namely a twin logistic regression method based on attribute-oriented fuzzy rough sets. Firstly, attribute-oriented fuzzy rough sets are studied and analyzed. Then, the optimistic and pessimistic predictions are achieved by fuzzy rough sets and logistic regression, and the final result is obtained by fusing the optimistic and pessimistic predictions. Finally, the effectiveness of the twin logistic regression method is verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Low temperature is an often overlooked stress that many fish face due to both natural and anthropogenic causes. Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is an economically important aquaculture fish species broadly cultivated in east Asia, mainly along the coast of the Bohai and Yellow Seas in China, as well as the coast of Korea and east Japan. Natural and cultivated P. olivaceus may suffer from cold stress during the winter months. In this study, modulated transcriptomic responses to 10 °C acute cold stress were investigated in the gills, hearts, livers, and spleens of P. olivaceus. Based on transcriptome and weighted gene coexpression network analysis, tissue-specific cold responsive modules (CRMs) were identified, which revealed a cascade of specific cellular responses to cold stress in different tissues. Our results illustrate the diverse and modulated regulation of the cellular process and stress response to low temperature, which provide essential insights for the conservation and cultivation of P. olivaceus in cold water. Low temperature is among the important factors affecting the distribution, survival, growth, and physiology of aquatic animals. In this study, coordinated transcriptomic responses to 10 °C acute cold stress were investigated in the gills, hearts, livers, and spleens of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), an important aquaculture species in east Asia. Histological examination suggested different levels of injury among P. olivaceus tissues after cold shock, mainly in the gills and livers. Based on transcriptome and weighted gene coexpression network analysis, 10 tissue-specific cold responsive modules (CRMs) were identified, revealing a cascade of cellular responses to cold stress. Specifically, five upregulated CRMs were enriched with induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs), mainly corresponding to the functions of "extracellular matrix", "cytoskeleton", and "oxidoreductase activity", indicating the induced cellular response to cold shock. The "cell cycle/division" and "DNA complex" functions were enriched in the downregulated CRMs for all four tissues, which comprised inhibited DEGs, suggesting that even with tissue-specific responses, cold shock may induce severely disrupted cellular functions in all tissues, reducing aquaculture productivity. Therefore, our results revealed the tissue-specific regulation of the cellular response to low-temperature stress, which warrants further investigation and provides more comprehensive insights for the conservation and cultivation of P. olivaceus in cold water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional strategy to synthesize porous microspheres is focused on the template method, which might be hazardous to health and environment. The strontium and fluoride substituted hydroxyapatite (Sr-FHA) microspheres were successfully fabricated only through the Sr ion assistant and the optimization of hydrothermal reaction conditions. The morphology observation showed that the fabricated Sr-FHA porous microspheres in diameters of about 30 μ m were assembled by two-dimension nano-sheets with 30–70 nm in thickness, up to 4–5 μ m in length and about 2 μ m in width. Sr substitution can change the crystallinity of apatite and promote the formation of microsphere structure. Moreover, the occupancy types of Sr on Ca affected the actual contents of fluoride substitution, which consequently affected the crystal microstructure of apatite, self-assembly of microspheres and the release process of fluoride ions. The synthesized Sr-FHA microspheres with large specific surface area (75.4 m2/g), large pore volume (0.43 cm3/g) and complex porous structure resulted in sustained release properties. The ionic extracts of Sr-FHA porous microspheres promoted the proliferation of human osteoblast-like cells (MG-63). The fabricated Sr-FHA microspheres may be a potential candidate as bioactive fluoride therapy carriers for the treatment of osteoporosis and bone defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salinity and alkalinity are among the important factors affecting the distribution, survival, growth and physiology of aquatic animals. Chinese sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) is an important aquaculture fish species in China that can widely adapt to diverse salinities from freshwater (FW) to seawater (SW) but moderately adapt to highly alkaline water (AW). In this study, juvenile L. maculatus were exposed to salinity change (SW to FW) and alkalinity stress (FW to AW). Coordinated transcriptomic responses in L. maculatus gills were investigated and based on the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), 8 and 11 stress-responsive modules (SRMs) were identified for salinity change and alkalinity stress, respectively, which revealed a cascade of cellular responses to oxidative and osmotic stress in L. maculatus gills. Specifically, four upregulated SRMs were enriched with induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for alkalinity stress, mainly corresponding to the functions of "extracellular matrix" and "anatomical structure", indicating a strong cellular response to alkaline water. Both "antioxidative activity" and "immune response" functions were enriched in the downregulated alkaline SRMs, which comprised inhibited alkaline specific DEGs, revealing the severely disrupted immune and antioxidative functions under alkalinity stress. These alkaline-specific responses were not revealed in the salinity change groups with only moderately inhibited osmoregulation and induced antioxidative response in L. maculatus gills. Therefore, the results revealed the diverse and correlated regulation of the cellular process and stress response in saline-alkaline water, which may have arisen through the functional divergence and adaptive recruitment of the co-expression genes and will provide vital insights for the development of L. maculatus cultivation in alkaline water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A patient presented with erythema and oedema on the right eyelid, malar region and left thigh with pruritus and pain. She was diagnosed with erysipelas and had been treated with anti-inflammatory drugs, but the symptoms did not improve. Laboratory investigation and biopsy showed that she was consistent with lupus erythematosus tumidus. It's a typical and rare diease relatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignant diseases due to its high invasiveness, early metastatic properties, rapid disease progression, and typically late diagnosis. Notably, the capacity for pancreatic cancer cells to undergo epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is key to their tumorigenic and metastatic potential, and is a feature that can explain the therapeutic resistance of such cancers to treatment. Epigenetic modifications are a central molecular feature of EMT, for which histone modifications are most prevalent. The modification of histones is a dynamic process typically carried out by pairs of reverse catalytic enzymes, and the functions of these enzymes are increasingly relevant to our improved understanding of cancer. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms through which histone-modifying enzymes regulate EMT in pancreatic cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elaborate petals are highly diverse in morphology, structure, and epidermal differentiation and play a key role in attracting pollinators. There have been few studies on the elaborate structure of petals in the tribe Isopyreae (Ranunculaceae). Seven genera in Isopyreae (Aquilegia, Semiaquilegia, Urophysa, Isopyrum, Paraquilegia, Dichocarpum, and Leptopyrum) have petals that vary in morphology, and two genera (Enemion and Thalictrum) have no petals. The petals of nine species belonged to 7 genera in the tribe were studied to reveal their nectary structure, epidermal micromorphology and ancestral traits. The petal nectaries of Isopyreae examined in this study were located at the tip of spurs (Aquilegia yabeana and A. rockii), or the bottom of shallow sacs (Semiaquilegia adoxoides, Urophysa henryi, Isopyrum manshuricum, and Paraquilegia microphylla), a cup-shaped structure (Dichocarpum fargesii) and a bilabiate structure (Leptopyrum fumarioides). The petal nectary of eight species in Isopyreae (except A. ecalcarata) was composed of secretory epidermis, nectary parenchyma, and vascular tissues, and some sieve tubes reached the secretory parenchyma cells. Among the eight species with nectaries examined in the present study, A. yabeana had the most developed nectaries, with 10–15 layers of secretory parenchyma cells. The epidermal cells of mature petals of the nine species were divided into 11 types. Among these 11 types, there were two types of secretory cells and two types of trichomes. Aquilegia yabeana and A. rockii had the highest number of cell types (eight types), and I. manshuricum and L. fumarioides had the lowest number of cell types (three types). Aquilegia ecalcarata had no secretory cells, and the papillose conical polygonal secretory cells of D. fargesii were different from those of the other seven species with nectaries. Trichomes were found only in Aquilegia, Semiaquilegia, Urophysa, and Paraquilegia. The ancestral mode of nectar presentation in Isopyreae was petals with hidden nectar (70.58%). The different modes of nectar presentation in petals may reflect adaptations to different pollinators in Isopyreae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These 10 PVY isolates had one to four amino acid differences from the epitope recognized by MAb N1 but contained the epitope recognized by M1 and M2. Keywords: cocktail; detection; epitope; monoclonal antibody; potato virus Y; serology EN cocktail detection epitope monoclonal antibody potato virus Y serology 1725 1727 3 08/23/23 20230901 NES 230901 Antibody-based serological methods, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), dot immunobinding assay (DIBA) and Western blot, play an essential role in the detection of plant viruses. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: To investigate the alterations of topological organization of the whole brain functional networks in hypertension patients with cognitive impairment (HTN-CI) and characterize its relationship with cognitive scores. Methods: Fifty-seven hypertension patients with cognitive impairment and 59 hypertension patients with normal cognition (HTN-NC), and 49 healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Graph theoretical analysis was used to investigate the altered topological organization of the functional brain networks. The global topological properties and nodal metrics were compared among the three groups. Network-based statistic (NBS) analysis was used to determine the connected subnetwork. The relationships between network metrics and cognitive scores were also characterized. Results: HTN-CI patients exhibited significantly decreased global efficiency, lambda, and increased shortest path length when compared with HCs. In addition, both HTN-CI and HTN-NC groups exhibited altered nodal degree centrality and nodal efficiency in the right precentral gyrus. The disruptions of global network metrics (lambda, Lp) and the nodal metrics (degree centrality and nodal efficiency) in the right precentral gyrus were positively correlated with the MoCA scores in HTN-CI. NBS analysis demonstrated that decreased subnetwork connectivity was present both in the HTN-CI and HTN-NC groups, which were mainly involved in the default mode network, frontoparietal network, and cingulo-opercular network. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the alterations of topographical organization and subnetwork connectivity of functional brain networks in HTN-CI. In addition, the global and nodal network properties were correlated with cognitive scores, which may provide useful insights for the understanding of neuropsychological mechanisms underlying HTN-CI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]