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Due to the challenge of controlling analyte-particle and particle-particle distances in the SERS detection matrix, the most promising nanosensor systems still suffer from difficulties in increasing the sensing stability and repeatability. Herein, a host-guest assembly strategy was developed to build two-tier nanoarchitecture based SERS device for a highly repetitive detection system. Specifically, gold nanoparticles were installed on the outer surface of mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles and modified with a self-assembled monolayer of 11-Mercapto-1-undecanol to drive the regioselective enrichment of analytes in the mesopores. Subsequently, the host-guest nanosensor particles were assembled into a uniform coffee ring pattern (~4 mm in inner diameter and 500 µm in width) on the surface of a porous host (polyvinylidene fluoride film with a pore size of 0.45 µm) through fast particle packing (20 s) driven by water infiltration in membrane pores. Finally, the sensing system achieved highly repeatable (RSD 3.1%−3.4%) analysis of organic dyes (limit-of-detection, LOD 24.1–59.6 fM) and miRNA (LOD 308.5 fM). The nanoassembly platform with distance constraint and enrichment effects is expected to pave a new avenue for interfacial engineering strategies of SERS sensors. [Display omitted] • Two-tier host-guest assemblies were constructed for repetitive SERS detection. • Dye and DNA analytes were enriched in mesoporous polydopamine NPs with surface Au NPs. • Droplet on porous PVDF film resulted in fast formation of uniform coffee ring pattern. • The distance constraints of SERS elements enable highly reproducible analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog (Bmi-1) is a core protein component of the polycomb repressive complex 1 that inhibits cell senescence and maintains the self-renewal ability of stem cells via downregulation of p16Ink4a and p19Arf expression. Bmi-1 serves an important role in hematopoietic stem cell maintenance and neurodevelopment during embryonic development, and it has been shown to enhance tumorigenesis by promoting cancer stem cell self-renewal and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Emerging evidence suggests that Bmi-1 overexpression is closely related to the development and progression of various types of cancer, and that downregulation of Bmi-1 expression can inhibit the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. It is therefore important to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the regulation of Bmi-1 expression both under normal growth conditions and in malignant tissues. In the present review, the current body of knowledge pertaining to the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the BMI-1 gene is discussed, and the potential mechanisms by which Bmi-1 is dysregulated in various types of cancer are highlighted. Bmi-1 expression is primarily controlled via transcriptional regulation, and is regulated by the transcription https://www.ushuaia.pl/hyphen/?ln=en factors of the Myc family, including Myb, Twist1, SALL4 and E2F-1. Post-transcriptionally, regulation of Bmi-1 expression is inhibited by several microRNAs and certain small-molecule drugs. Thus, regulatory transcriptional factors are potential therapeutic targets to reduce Bmi-1 expression in cancer cells. Thus, the present review provides an up-to-date review on the regulation of BMI-1 gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical nanosensors by integrating functional nucleic acids and nanomaterials hold a great promise in the fast detection of biomarkers, yet the current systems possess limitations on the accessibility of target–probe and probe–electrode interactions and the repeatability of detection. Herein, a host–guest assembly strategy is developed to build redox nanosensors for an immobilization‐free and ratiometric electrochemical detection system. Specifically, electroactive molecule (Em) guests are loaded in porous hosts of polydopamine nanoparticles (MPDA) to act as dual‐signal redox reporters. Hybrid DNA probes of G‐quadruplex and a single‐stranded anchor DNA are installed as gatekeepers for sealing the mesopores. Thereby, miRNA triggered Em release by strand displacement reactions and the homogeneous transportation of the hosts/guests to the electrode facilitate the generation of reference signal/response signal at different potentials. Concomitantly applied NIR irradiation boosts the electron transfer from MPDA to the electrode and results in a tenfold increase in the reference signal. Finally, the sensing system through the differential pulse voltammetry method achieves a highly repeatable detection (relative standard deviation 3.8%) of miRNA with a lower detection limit (362 × 10−15m). This attractive system paves the way for rational designs of advanced electrochemical biosensors and smart diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During pesticide spraying operations, the downwash airflow generated by the rotor UAV disperses the rice canopies with different wind vortex intensities, resulting in different degrees of morphological changes of rice sheaves in the target area. However, it is inconclusive whether it will affect rice yield. In this paper, dispersed canopy parameters and rice yield data through experiments of conventional flight operation and unconventional hovering operation were collected, aiming to conduct a comparative analysis of the effects of UAV wind vortex intensity on the morphology and yield of rice sheaves in the spraying operation. The results showed that in the conventional flight operation, the wind vortex had little effect on rice morphology and yield. Due to the influence of the short downwash airflow, the rice canopies were rapidly dispersed and produced a restorable canopy-vortex patch. After the UAV withdrew, the rice canopies recovered immediately. In the unconventional hovering operation, with the increase of vortex intensity, the rice canopies forged unrestorable canopy-vortex, which caused significant changes in rice morphology and eventually led to a yield reduction, of 1.21% at preliminary heading stage, 9.05% at full heading stage and 4.87% at mature stage. The experiments indicated that wind vortex did not affect rice during conventional plant protection, while the unrestorable canopy-vortex patch caused by the prolonged operational duration in unconventional hovering operation did affect rice morphology and yield, especially after the full heading stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early protein 0 (EP0) is especially important for modulating PRV gene expression and reactivation from the latent state, but the mechanisms have not been elucidated. In this study, six monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against EP0 protein of PRV were generated and their characterizations were investigated. Western blot analysis showed all six MAbs could react with immunizing antigen, but only 2B12 and 2C6 could react with native EP0 protein from PRV-infected cells. ELISA additivity tests revealed that at least three epitopes in EP0 were defined by six MAbs. The epitope recognized by MAb 2B12 was further identified in 287-292 aa of EP0 protein using a series of expressed overlapping peptides. These MAbs may provide valuable tools for further research of the functions of EP0 in PRV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) and the Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) presented technical standards for interpretation and reporting of constitutional copy-number variants in 2019 (the standards). Although ClinGen developed a web-based CNV classification calculator based on scoring metrics, it can only track and tally points that have been assigned based on observed evidence. Here, we developed AutoCNV (a semiautomatic automated CNV interpretation system) based on the standards, which can automatically generate predictions on 18 and 16 criteria for copy number loss and gain, respectively. Results: We assessed the performance of AutoCNV using 72 CNVs evaluated by external independent reviewers and 20 illustrative case examples. Using AutoCNV, it showed that 100 % (72/72) and 95 % (19/20) of CNVs were consistent with the reviewers' and ClinGen-verified classifications, respectively. AutoCNV only required an average of less than 5 milliseconds to obtain the result for one CNV with automated scoring. We also applied AutoCNV for the interpretation of CNVs from the ClinVar database and the dbVar database. We also developed a web-based version of AutoCNV (wAutoCNV). Conclusions: AutoCNV may serve to assist users in conducting in-depth CNV interpretation, to accelerate and facilitate the interpretation process of CNVs and to improve the consistency and reliability of CNV interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DNA typing is an essential part to identify a donor who may be a good match for the patients who need haematopoietic stem cells from bone marrow. Thus, fetching quickly high-resolution genotype is very important at present. However, current HLA DNA typing methods especially for HLA-DRB1 generally yielded ambiguous typing results because of high degree of heterozygosity on exome region and primer pairs design limitations, which generally amplified only exon2 of HLA-DRB1 and the position of its primer pairs is on exome region. To solve this problem, we developed a reliable, high-resolution and high-throughput (RHH) sequence based typing approach for HLA-DRB1 through massively parallel paired-end sequencing. Several primer pairs were designed to amplify three exon regions, which are part of exon1, the whole region of exon2 and exon3 of HLA-DRB1, to genotyping for HLA-DRB1 by synthesis. 94 samples were included to analyze and the highly successful genotyping ratio (98.94%) and no ambiguous genotyping result demonstrated the accurate performance of our method for HLA-DRB1 genotyping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The efficacies of the selective 5-hydroxytryptamine[sub 3] (5-HT[sub 3]) antagonists—ramosetron (0.3 mg) and granisetron (3 mg) in treating acute chemotherapy-induced digestive system dysfunction were compared. Methods. A total of 111 patients were enrolled in a single-blind, randomized crossover study; with data from 98 were used to assess efficacy and data from 110 to assess the safety profile. Ramesetron or granisetron was given intraveneously 15 min before chemotherapy. Results. The ability of ramosetron to prevent emesis, nausea and anorexia was similar to granisetron during the first 6 h following the administration of chemotherapy, cisplatin or doxorubicin. However, during the first 24 h after chemotherapy, significant differences between ramosetron and granisetron appeared: emetic episode (P = 0.068), nausea (P = 0.006), and anorexia (P = 0.048) remained lower in ramosetron-treated patients. The safety profile of ramosetron was similar to that of granisetron and adverse events in beth groups were generally mild and transient. Conclusion. Ramosetron is more potent and longer-lasting than granisetron in preventing chemotherapy-induced digestive disturbances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]