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Under phosphine catalysis facilitated through desilylation, intramolecular annulation/nucleophilic addition of trimethylsilylethynyl benzoxazinanones with electron‐deficient imines or alkenes was achieved to afford a series of indole derivatives in moderate to high yields. The trimethylsilylethynyl benzoxazinanones without electron‐withdrawing group on the alkyne moiety functioned as phosphine acceptors. Notably, the distinctive desilylation activation played a key role in catalytic process. Particularly, those indole derivatives could be readily transformed into various biologically significant γ‐carboline compounds. The use of chiral phosphine achieved asymmetric reaction, leading to a 95% ee of product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flexible extrusion forming process (FEFP) is a sand mold patternless manufacturing technology that enables digital near-net shaping of complex sand molds. But, it is difficult to achieve the gradient sand molds with high surface strength and strong interior permeability by FEFP. To solve this problem, an extra-squeeze forming method based on FEFP for gradient sand mold was developed. To further reveal the extra-squeeze forming mechanism, based on the Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) theory and "gluing" notions, the single and double-sided squeeze models of gradient sand molds were established using the EDEM software. The squeezing processes of sand molds with different cavity depths of 60, 100, 140, 180, and 220 mm were systemically studied under single and double-sided squeeze conditions. The variation in the void fraction of sand mold as also investigated at a variety of extra-squeeze distances of 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 mm, respectively. Simulation and test results show that a deeper cavity depth weakens the extrusion force transmission, which leads to a decrease in strength. The sand mold permeability and void fraction are identified to be positively correlated, while the tensile strength and void fraction appear to be negatively correlated. The void fraction of sand molds decreases with a longer extra-squeeze distance. A 6 mm extra-squeeze distance for the sand mold with 220 mm cavity depth results in a 26.8% increase in tensile strength with only a 5.7% reduction in the permeability. Hence, the extra-squeeze forming method can improve the quality of the sand mold by producing a gradient sand mold with high surface strength and strong interior permeability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The copper‐catalyzed decarboxylative [3+2] annulation of ethynyl benzoxazinanones with 3‐oxo‐3‐arylpropanenitriles has been developed, producing tetrasubstituted furan derivatives in moderate to high yield. This reaction was generally compatible with a wide range of substrates. Notably, the intermediate copper‐allenylidenes worked as a C2 synthon in the cycloaddition reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With a new approach based on the ensemble average over particle state transition paths in phase space, a kinetic equation for particles transported in turbulent flows is derived. The probability density function (PDF) for particles is defined as an ensemble average of a special fine-grained PDF, referred to as the local path density operator. The kinetic equation is derived from a Taylor series expansion of the PDF in terms of the cumulants with respect to particle paths in phase space and leads to a closed expression for its diffusion terms. It shows that the random forcing of eddy fluctuations, non-stationarity of turbulence, and inertia of particles are explicitly presented in the diffusion coefficient, which could help us to understand how particles are diffused by these underlying mechanisms. The kinetic equation is applicable to non-Markovian, non-Gaussian, and non-stationary stochastic processes, while for Markovian processes, it recovers the classical Fokker–Planck equation. The macroscopic equations for particle phase are derived based on the kinetic equation and compared with the direct numerical simulation of particles transported in turbulent flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital patternless freeze-casting technology is a new approach for obtaining frozen sand moulds using digital milling technology. The change law of tensile strength and air permeability of frozen sand moulds (100-mesh and 200-mesh silica sand, and zircon sand moulds) under different freezing temperatures and water contents was studied. Results show that with the decrease of freezing temperature and the increase of water contents, the tensile strength and air permeability of the sand moulds are gradually improved. Meanwhile, computed tomography technology was used to characterize the shape and size of the water film between the sand particles mixed with 4wt.% water. The results show that in silica sand moulds, the form of water film is lumpy, and 200-mesh silica sand moulds have more water films and higher proportion of small-sized water films than 100-mesh silica sand moulds, while in zircon sand moulds, the form of water film is membranous. At the same freezing temperature and water content, the tensile strength of zircon sand mould is the highest, and 100-mesh silica sand mould is the lowest. A comparative solidification experiment of A356 aluminum alloy was carried out in frozen sand mould and resin sand mould. The results show that the primary a-Al phase appears in the form of equiaxed and eutectic silicon phase is needle-like in freezing sand mould casting, but the primary a-Al phase grows in the form of dendrites, and the eutectic silicon phase is coarse needle-like in the resin sand mould casting. The difference of microstructure is caused by the different cooling rate. The cooling rate of A356 aluminum alloy in frozen sand mould is higher than that in resin sand mould. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider structure constants of single-trace operators at strong coupling in planar N = 4 SYM theory using the hexagon formalism. We concentrate on heavy-heavy- light correlators where the heavy operators are BMN operators, with large R-charges and finite anomalous dimensions, and the light one is a finite-charge chiral primary operator. They describe the couplings between two highly boosted strings and a supergravity mode in the bulk dual. In the hexagon framework, two sums over virtual magnons are needed to bind the hexagons together around the light operator. We evaluate these sums explicitly at strong coupling, for a certain choice of BMN operators, and show that they factorise into a ratio of Gamma functions and a simple stringy prefactor. The former originates from giant mirror magnons scanning the AdS geometry while the latter stems from small fluctuations around the BMN vacuum. The resulting structure constants have poles at positions where an enhanced mixing with double-trace operators is expected and zeros whenever the process is forbidden by supersymmetry. We also discuss the transition to the classical regime, when the length of the light operator scales like the string tension, where we observe similitudes with the Neumann coefficients of the pp-wave String Field Theory vertex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We propose a generalized radial basis function interpolant with difference constraints. • Various types of constraints are derived to satisfy the interpolation conditions. • An adaptive iterative algorithm is used for approximating gradient and tangent constraints. • The numerical results reveal the improved performance of our method. In this work, we present a new algorithm for reconstruction of implicit surfaces from a set of cloud points with normals (Hermite data), based on the generalized radial basis functions interpolant with various types of constraints. Our key contribution is a novel construction of difference constraints in the interpolant to satisfy certain linear functional data, named as the domain constraints, the difference constraints of the gradient and the difference constraints of the tangent. To avoid ambiguous constraints, we apply an iterative algorithm to determine the adaptive distance in the difference constraints. The extended interpolant can not only provide an exact interpolation to the function values, but also approximate the function's derivatives by constructing a difference operator along the gradient or tangent direction. We interpolate the sampling points using our method by constructing a signed distance field in the geometry domain. Compared to the Hermite–Birkhoff interpolation with RBFs, the interpolant we use has faster solution efficiency. The experimental results of several data sets show the reliability and performance of our method in a variety of practical scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) protects tissues from oxidative stress, and thus is considered as a therapeutic agent for many diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and cancer. However, cost‐effective production of bioactive recombinant human EcSOD (rhEcSOD) remains a challenge. Herein, we developed an efficient strategy for producing active rhEcSOD by transgenic silkworms. rhEcSOD was successfully synthesized as homodimers and homotetramers in the middle silk gland and spun into the cocoons with a concentration of 9.48 ± 0.21 mg/g. Purification of rhEcSOD from the cocoons could be conveniently achieved with a purity of 99.50% and a yield of 3.5 ± 0.5 mg/g. Additionally, N‐glycosylation at the only site of N89 in rhEcSOD with 10 types were identified. The purified rhEcSOD gained the potent enzymatic activity of 4 162 ± 293 U/mg after Cu/Zn ions incorporation. More importantly, rhEcSOD was capable of penetrating and accumulating in the nuclei of cells to maintain cell morphology and attenuate ultraviolet B‐induced cell apoptosis by eliminating reactive oxygen species and inhibiting the C‐Jun N‐terminal kinase signaling pathway. These results demonstrated that the transgenic silkworm could successfully produce rhEcSOD with enzymatic and biological activities for biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study a class of renormalization group flows on line defects that can be described by a generalized free field with ordered planar contractions on the line. They are realized, for example, in large N gauge theories with matter in the fundamental representation and arise generically in non-relativistic CFTs. We analyze the flow exactly and compute the change in the g-function between the UV and IR fixed points. We relate the result to the change in the two-point function of the displacement operator and check the monotonicity of the defect entropy along the flow analytically. Finally, we give a general realization of this type of flow starting from the direct sum of the IR fixed point and a trivial line. This type of defect renormalization group flow parallels the well-studied case of double-trace flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Boron doped InZnO (BIZO) thin film has been fabricated via solution process and the effect of boron addition on the properties of BIZO thin film is investigated with the glancing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV–vis spectrophotometer. The XPS spectra show that the oxygen vacancies in IZO semiconductor materials are effectively suppressed by boron contents due to high Lewis acid strength and strong bonding dissociation energy of B O. Moreover, the associated application in TFTs has also been fabricated by solution process and the thermal stability and electrical properties of solution processed BIZO-TFTs are investigated to confirm the decrease of oxygen vacancies in IZO materials. Meanwhile, the capacitance voltage measurement and the density of states are carried out to further investigate the enhanced electrical performance and thermal stability of TFTs due to the suppression of oxygen vacancies. Thus, the B doping is an effective method to suppress the generation of oxygen vacancies in IZO materials and to improve the thermal stability of solution processed BIZO-TFTs. Highlights • Influence of boron composition on oxygen vacancy of BInZnO thin films. • Thermal stability of BInZnO TFTs. • Solution processed BIZO thin films and BIZO-TFTs. • CV measurement and the DOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multi-material hybrid patternless moulding process for complicated castings has been proposed. Moulding sands used in the hybrid moulding process include silica sand, ceramic sand, chromite sand, zircon sand, and steel shot sand. Experimental method was used to study the effects of moulding sands on the temperature field, mechanical properties, and dimensional precision of the iron castings. Under the condition that the wall thickness on different sides of the casting is the same, when the wall thickness is greater than 10 mm, the heat storage capacity of the moulding sands from strong to weak is steel shot sand, zircon sand, chromite sand, ceramic foundry sand, and silica sand. Tensile strength of the obtained castings from high to low is zircon sand, chromite sand, steel shot sand, ceramic sand, and silica sand. Contraction rate of the obtained castings from high to low is steel shot sand, zircon sand, chromite sand, silica sand, and ceramic sand. Therefore, steel shot sand and zircon sand can be used as chilled sand, and even can be used instead of cold iron when the casting wall thickness is greater than 10 mm. Zircon sand and chromite sand can be used to obtain high mechanical properties, and silica sand and ceramic sand can be selected to obtain high dimensional precision of the castings. Finally, a typical iron casting piece was tested by experiment using the hybrid moulding process. Excellent performances of iron castings confirm the feasibility of the hybrid moulding process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, high-gain hybrid complementary inverter was first designed and fabricated by coupling cosputtered ZnSiSnO and solution-processed semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Field-effect transistors with ZnSiSnO and SWCNT networks show high electrical performance and acceptable bias stability. ZnSiSnO thin-film transistor shows field-effect mobility of 11.6 cm2/ $\text {V}\cdot \text {s}$ , threshold voltage of 0.98 V, and subthreshold swing of 0.18 V/decade. The corresponding values for the SWCNT transistor are 10.2 cm2/ $\text {V}\cdot \text {s}$ , 0.59 V, and 0.21 V/decade, respectively. The ZnSiSnO/SWCNT inverter shows excellent performance with a voltage gain of 41.5, a high noise margin of 2.62 V, and a low noise margin of 1.86 V at a small ${V}_{\text {DD}}$ of 5 V. The peak consumption is only $3.2\times 10^{8}$ W at ${V}_{\text {DD}} = 5$ V. Our finding underscores the coupling of cosputtered ZnSiSnO and solution-processed semiconducting SWCNT as an alternative strategy to the high-performance inverter development and has the potential for widespread technological applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expectation value of a smooth conformal line defect in a CFT is a conformal invariant functional of its path in space-time. For example, in large N holographic theories, these fundamental observables are dual to the open-string partition function in AdS. In this paper, we develop a bootstrap method for studying them and apply it to conformal line defects in Chern-Simons matter theories. In these cases, the line bootstrap is based on three minimal assumptions — conformal invariance of the line defect, large N factorization, and the spectrum of the two lowest-lying operators at the end of the line. On the basis of these assumptions, we solve the one-dimensional CFT on the line and systematically compute the defect expectation value in an expansion around the straight line. We find that the conformal symmetry of a straight defect is insufficient to fix the answer. Instead, imposing the conformal symmetry of the defect along an arbitrary curved line leads to a functional bootstrap constraint. The solution to this constraint is found to be unique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anxiety disorder is a serious and burdensome psychiatric illness that frequently turn into chronic clinical conditions. Puerarin have been shown to be effective in the therapy of depression. However, few studies are concerned about the anxiolytic-like effects of puerarin. The current study aimed to evaluate the anxiolytic-like effects of puerarin and its possible mechanism. To evaluate this, the behavioral tests, i.e. Vogel-type conflict test (VTCT), elevated plus-maze test (EPMT), and open-field test (OFT) were conducted. Data showed that similar to the positive-control drug sertraline (Ser) (15 mg/kg, i.g.), the anxiolytic-like effects were produced by puerarin (60 and 120 mg/kg, i.g.) in VTCT and EMPT respectively without affecting locomotor activity in OFT. Moreover, the present study also found that consistent with Ser, the levels of allopregnanolone and serotonin (5-HT) in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were increased by puerarin (60 and 120 mg/kg, i.g.), respectively. In summary, the present study indicated that puerarin exerted the anxiolytic-like effects, which maybe associated with normalization of 5-HT levels and biosynthesis of allopregnanolone in brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sand mold 3D printing technology is an advanced manufacturing technology which has great flexible manufacturing ability. A multi-material composite sand mold can control the temperature field of metallic parts during the pouring process, while the current sand mold 3D printing technology can only fabricate a single material sand mold. The casting temperature field can not be adjusted by using single sand mold material with isotropous heat exchange ability during the pouring process. In this work, a kind of novel coating device was designed. Multi-material composite sand molds could be manufactured using the coating device according to the casting process demands of the final parts. The influences of curing agent content, coating velocity and scraper shape on compactness and surface roughness of the sand layer (silica sand and zircon sand) were studied. The shapes and sizes of transition intervals of two kinds of sand granules were also tested. The results show that, with the increase of the added volume of curing agent, the compactness of sand layer reduces and the surface roughness value rises. With the increase of the velocity of the coating device, the compactness of sand layer reduces and the surface roughness value rises similarly. In addition, the scraper with a dip angle of 72 degrees could increase the compactness value of the sand layer. The criteria of quality parmeters of the coating procedure are obtained. That is, the surface roughness (δ) of sand layer should be equal to or lesser than half of main size of the sand particles (Dm ). The parameter H of the coating device which is the distance between the base of hopper and the surface of sand layer impacts the size of transition zone. The width of the transition zone is in direct proportion to the parameter H, qualitatively. Through the optimization of the coating device, high quality of multi-material sand layers can be obtained. This will provide a solution in manufacturing the multi-material composite sand mold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to further improve the precision forming efficiency of a sand mold digital patternless casting and reduce the amount of sand mold cutting, a method for near-net forming of the sand mold with digital flexible extrusion technology was put forward. The theory, optimization algorithm and technology for sand mold near-net forming were studied. Experimental results show that the sand mold forming efficiency can be increased by 34%, and the molding sand can be reduced by 44%. The method for near-net forming of a sand mold with digital flexible extrusion technology can effectively promote the application of digital patternless casting technology in the mass production of castings and thus greatly improves the efficiency and automation of sand mold manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the mine ventilation system becoming more and more complex,the traditional calculation methods have difficulty in meeting the requirements of network solution. It's of significance to develop a quick algorithm for calculating complex wind network. The theory of network solution of circuit air-quantity method was systematically and thoroughly studied. Also, the limitation of the existing ventilation network solution was analyzed. An improved network solution based on Scott-Hinsley method was put forward. With a high convergence rate,this algorithm can solve the problems of ventilation network including unidirectional circuit and the network solution problems of complex ventilation system. BFS method was used to improve the structure of the spanning tree,and the divided circuit was faster by using Double-Access method. Achieving the fixed half cut set of air distribution in ventilation network,the algorithm can automatically distribute air according to demands. The failure cause of circuit air-quantity network solution with the unidirectional circuits was analyzed. The algorithm proposed can solve the problems of ventilation network including unidirectional circuit by modifying its search strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Die design is one of the key technologies for hot stamping technology, and the quality of the forming part is influenced by the structure design of the cooling system parameters. Cooling pipe size, distance between cooling pipes, and depth from cooling pipe to die surface are the most important structure parameters, and the final microstructure and property of the forming parts are influenced directly by these structural parameters. In this article, the simplified model of hot stamping die was established, and the hot stamping die cooling structural parameters were analyzed by heat transfer theory. The mathematical model of the structure parameters was set up and verified by simulation and experiment. It was shown that the mathematical model of the hot stamping die cooling structural parameters met the cooling requirements; the hot stamping parts achieved the need of the martensite structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The selective adsorption of single-stranded oligonucleotides (ssDNA) on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is well known for stabilizing the AuNPs against aggregation even at high salt concentrations. Our investigation shows that the non-crosslinking aggregation of arbitrary ssDNA-capped AuNPs occurs due to their interaction with the cationic polyamine, spermine (Spm), even without any addition of NaCl. The non-crosslinking aggregation mechanism is that the Spm, served as multivalent counterions, plays the dual roles of charge shielding and ion bridging among the ssDNA-capped AuNPs, which jointly result in the aggregation of the ssDNA-capped AuNPs. Therefore, a sensitive and highly selective colorimetric method for the detection of Spm was developed. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first successful case as to the efforts towards the development of optical assays for cationic polyamine, showing neither natural UV absorption nor fluorescence. Compared with the traditional methods of chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, the approach described here would provide a convenient alternative and new train of thought for the specific detection of Spm in both biological fluid and fermented products. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A comparative reaserch of the assembly of different porphyrin molecules on graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was carried out, respectively. Despite the cationic porphyrin molecules can be assembled onto the surfaces of graphene sheets, including GO and RGO, to form complexes through electrostatic and p-p stacking interactions, the more obvious fluorescence quenching and the larger red-shift of the Soret band of porphyrin molecule in RGO-bound states were observed than those in GO-bound states, due to the differenc of molecular flattening in degree. Further, more interesting finding was that the complexes formed between cationic porphyrin and GO, rather than RGO sheets, can facilitate the incorporation of iron (III) ions into the porphyrin moieties, due to the presence of the oxygen-contained groups at the basal plane of GO sheets served as auxiliary coordination units, which can high-efficiently obstruct the electron transfer from excited porphyrin to GO sheets and result in the occurrence of fluorescence restoration. Thus, a fluorescence sensing platform has been developed for iron (III) ions detection in this contribution by using the porphyrin/GO nanohybrids as an optical probe, and our present one exhibited rapid and sensitive responses and high selectivity toward iron (III) ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can efficiently quench the fluorescence of the adsorbed fluorophores and nonconvalently interact with soft single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Upon disruption of CNTs–fluorescent oligonucleotides hybrid by nuclease S1, fluorescence turn-on was observed. Using this strategy, a platform based on fluorescence signal for monitoring the activity of nuclease with advantages of high sensitivity and commonality was established, and a linear relationship between initial cleavage reaction rate and nuclease S1 concentration is found in the range of 0.6–8.0UmL−1 with a detection limit of 0.08UmL−1. Furthermore, by taking pyrophosphate as an example, we use the assay to evaluate the prohibition effect on nuclease, and the extent of fluorescence recovery decreased linearly with increasing the concentration of pyrophosphate in the range of 0.2–1.4mM, implying that the cleavage reaction by nuclease S1 was prohibited, and therefore this fluorescence assay can also be conveniently utilized for inhibitor screening of nuclease. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The regeneration of Z-cut KDP crystals is explored by analyzing the growth of thin surface layers formed. The structural defects and crystalline perfection of the thin surface layers are evaluated by white-beam synchrotron radiation topography and high-resolution X-Ray diffraction respectively. It shows that the thin surface layers have the same crystal structure as KDP crystal. There are large numbers of defects in thin surface layers and the crystalline quality is very poor. The growth velocity of thin surface layers is firstly accurately measured by a newly-designed in-situ crystal growth observation setup. It is found that the growth velocity of the thin surface layers strongly depends on the flow rate of the growth solution. The hindering effect of pyrophosphate (K4P2O7) on the growth of the thin surface layers is discussed. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed crystals of K(NH)HPO(KADP) were grown from KDP (KHPO) dominated mixed solutions with varying molar proportion of ADP (NHHPO) addition. It was found that, as the increase of ADP molar concentration, the growth rate along z-axis of KADP crystal decreased rapidly. The structure of KADP crystals was investigated by powder XRD and the lattice parameter was calculated. The results showed that the lattice parameter c of KADP crystal increased with the molar concentration of ADP. The optical homogeneity of grown KADP crystals was determined with a differential phase-shifting interferometry. Frequency dependences of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of KADP crystals were measured at room temperature (290 K). The dielectric constants of KADP crystals were almost invariant with the increase of frequency. In the region of 10∼10Hz, the values of the dielectric loss reduced with the increase of frequency. The piezo-resonance coupling effect still exists in KADP crystals at room temperature, but shifted to low frequency band. (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the fabrication of high-aspect-ratio (~500) larger area alumina-metal coaxial nanorod arrays using electrodeposition with an anodic aluminum oxide template. An annealing process was implemented after electrodeposition to enhance the mechanical properties of the deposited metal nanorods. Phosphoric acid was then used to gradually etch off the alumina that enclosed each individual metal nanorod starting from the borders between the hexagonal cells. The transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction analyses were implemented to verify the alumina/nickel coaxial structure. The alumina shell wrapping each individual metal nanorod served as an insulator for the core metal. The high aspect ratio of the alumina-metal coaxial nanorods described herein makes them practicable for use as nanoprobes or electrodes that are capable of penetrating individual cell membranes to sense the biological functions of the cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential dental applications of chitosan (CS) and N-[1-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propyl]chitosan chloride (HTCC). HTCC was prepared by reacting CS with glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC). CS and HTCC were characterized by infrared (FITR) and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of CS and HTCC against oral pathogens, their proliferation activity and effects on the ultrastructure of human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs) were investigated. The results indicated that four oral strains were susceptible to CS and HTCC with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.25 to 2.5mg/mL. The in vitro 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thizolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay determined that CS at 2000, 1000, 100, and 50μg/mL could stimulate the proliferation of HPDLCs. Instead, HTCC inhibited the proliferation at the same concentrations but accelerated the proliferation of HPDLCs at relatively low concentrations (10, 3, 1.5, 1, and 0.3μg/mL). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations revealed that the ultra-architecture of HPDLC was seriously destroyed by HTCC treatment at 1000μg/mL. Taken together, these results contribute information necessary to enhance our understanding of CS and HTCC in the dental field. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

It is known that localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is responsible for the surface-enhanced spectroscopic processes of metallic nanoparticles and thus LSPR spectroscopy has become a powerful technique for chemical and biological purposes. In this contribution, we present a simple homogeneous Hg2+ assay by measuring enhanced LSPR scattering signals resulted from Hg2+-DNA complex induced aggregation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In a medium of pH 7.4 tris-HCl buffer containing 0.05 M NaCl, single-stranded oligonucletides with the sequence of 5'-d(T6)-3' (poly-T6 ssDNA), can be selectively adsorbed onto the surface of gold colloids, stabilizing the AuNPs against aggregation. If Hg2+-DNA complex via Hg2+- mediated thymine-Hg2+-thymine (T-Hg2+-T) is formed, however, the adsorption of poly-T6 ssDNA onto the surface of gold colloids gets reduced, and then aggregation of the AuNPs occurs owing to the decrease of the electrostatic repulsion between AuNPs. Consequently, strong LSPR scattering signals resulting from the aggregates of AuNPs could be visually observed under a dark field microscope and easily be measured with a common spectrofluorometer. The LSPR scattering intensities characterized at 556.0 nm were found to be proportional to the concentration of Hg2+ ions in the range of 4.0 × 10-8 to 6.0 × 10-7 M with the limit of determination (3σ) of 1.0 nM. Compared with reported colorimetric methods, our present approaches display the advantages of higher sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The notion of characteristic pairs of Dirac structures was introduced by Liu in 2000. In this paper, the invariant Dirac structures on Poisson actions and pullback Dirac structures are characterized in terms of their characteristic pairs. Poisson homogeneous spaces and Poisson reduction are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We study mesonic line operators in Chern-Simons theories with bosonic or fermionic matter in the fundamental representation. In this paper, we elaborate on the classification and properties of these operators using all loop resummation of large N perturbation theory. We show that these theories possess two conformal line operators in the fundamental representation. One is a stable renormalization group fixed point, while the other is unstable. They satisfy first-order chiral evolution equations, in which a smooth variation of the path is given by a factorized product of two mesonic line operators. The boundary operators on which the lines can end are classified by their conformal dimension and transverse spin, which we compute explicitly at finite ’t Hooft coupling. We match the operators in the bosonic and fermionic theories. Finally, we extend our findings to the mass deformed theories and discover that the duality still holds true. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the association between unilateral high-riding vertebral artery (HRVA) and morphological changes in the atlantoaxial joint (AAJ) and to determine whether unilateral HRVA is a risk factor for atlantoaxial osteoarthritis (AAOA). Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 2496 patients admitted to our medical center between January 2020 and December 2022 who underwent CT imaging of the cervical spine. Two hundred and seventy-two patients with unilateral HRVA (HRVA group) were identified and a respective 2:1 age- and sex-matched control group without HRVA was built. Morphological parameters, including C2 lateral mass settlement (C2 LMS), C1/2 coronal inclination (C1/2 CI), lateral atlanto-dental interval (LADI), and C1/2 relative rotation angle (C1/2 RRA) were measured. The degree of AAOA was recorded. Risk factors associated with AAOA were identified using univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: The study included 61.4% women, and the overall average age of the study population was 48.7 years. The morphological parameters (C2 LMS, C1/2 CI, and LADI) in AAJ were asymmetric between the HRVA and the non-HRVA sides in the HRVA group (p < 0.001). These differences in parameters (d-C2 LMS, d-C1/2 CI, and d-LADI) between the HRVA and the non-HRVA sides, and C1/2 RRA were significantly larger than those in the control group. Eighty-three of 816 patients (10.2%) with AAOA had larger values of d-C2 LMS, d-C1/2 CI, d-LADI, and C1/2 RRA compared with the patients without AAOA (p < 0.05). The multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that unilateral HRVA [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.1–6.3, p = 0.029], age in the sixth decade or older (adjusted OR = 30.2, 95% CI: 16.1–56.9, p < 0.001), women (adjusted OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.0–5.6, P = 0.034) were independent risk factors for AAOA. Conclusion: Unilateral HRVA was associated with asymmetric morphological changes of nonuniform settlement of C2 lateral mass, lateral slip of atlas, and atlantoaxial rotation displacement. Besides age ≥ 60 years and females, unilateral HRVA is an independent risk factor for AAOA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present an improved approach to the surface reconstruction of orebody from sets of interpreted cross sections that allows for shape control with geometry constraints. The soft and hard constraint rules based on adaptive sampling are proposed. As only the internal and external position relations of sections are calculated, it is unnecessary to estimate the normal directions of sections. Our key contribution is proposing an iterative closest point correction algorithm. It can be used for iterative correction of the distance field based on the constraint rules and the internal and external position relations of the model. We develop a rich variety of geometry constraints to dynamically control the shape trend of orebody for structural geologists. As both of the processes of interpolation and iso-surface extraction are improved, the performance of this method is excellent. Combined with the interactive tools of constraint rules, our approach is shown to be effective on non-trivial sparse sections. We show the reconstruction results with real geological datasets and compare the method with the existing reconstruction methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the continuum limit of 4d planar fishnet diagrams using integrable spin chain methods borrowed from the N = 4 Super-Yang-Mills theory. These techniques give us control on the scaling dimensions of single-trace operators for all values of the coupling constant in the fishnet theory. We use them to study the thermodynamical limit of the BMN operator corresponding to the spin chain ferromagnetic vacuum. We find that its scaling dimension exhibits a critical behaviour when the coupling constant approaches Zamolodchikov's critical coupling. Analysis close to that point suggests that the continuum limit of the fishnet graphs is controlled by the two-dimensional AdS5 non-linear sigma model. More generally, we present evidence that the fishnet diagrams define an integrable lattice regularization of the AdS5 model. A system of massless TBA equations is derived for the tachyon energy by dualizing the TBA equations of the weakly coupled planar N = 4 SYM theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Submarine landslides have destroyed many ocean engineering facilities and induced catastrophic tsunamis, causing considerable loss of lives and properties. However, the evolution process of submarine landslides is highly complicated and difficult to describe with a unified mechanical framework. For fluidized landslides with wider influence ranges, faster migration velocities, and stronger impact forces, it is necessary not only to describe the constitutive model but also to determine the flow state. First, based on the essential rheological test for determining constitutive models, the relevant method and principle are thoroughly analyzed, and the formula for calculating the Reynolds number of fluidized submarine landslides in the entire shear process is derived. Taking the critical Reynolds number as the evaluation standard, a methodology to distinguish the flow state (laminar or turbulent) of fluidized landslides is quantitatively proposed. Second, through the low-temperature rheological test, the proposed formula and methodology are briefly applied to the natural submarine sediment samples in the South China Sea. In addition, the point of contraflexure of the rheological curve is consistent with the critical Reynolds number calculated by the formula, and the validity of this methodology is further verified. Finally, the mechanism of the flow-state transition is systematically analyzed by the internal evolution of the structure of the fluidized sediment samples in the shear process. This study provides important support for understanding the migration of fluidized submarine landslides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We compute the AdS Veneziano amplitude for type IIB gluon scattering in AdS5 × S3 to all orders in α′ in a small curvature expansion. This is achieved by combining a dispersion relation in the dual 4d N = 2 SCFT with an ansatz for the amplitude as a worldsheet integral in terms of multiple polylogarithms. The first curvature correction is fully fixed in this way and satisfies consistency checks in the high energy limit, the low energy expansion as previously fixed using supersymmetric localisation, and for the energy of massive string operators, which we independently compute using a semiclassical expansion. We also combine localisation with this first curvature correction to fix the unprotected D4F4 correction to the amplitude at finite curvature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, fluorine (F)-doped SnO2 (FTO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) are fabricated by the solution process with a low process temperature (300°C). The FTO film characteristic, TFT electrical performance, and stability under the negative bias illumination stress (NBIS) are improved by F doping. The enhancement in electrical performance and stability is because F can substitute oxygen atom in the lattice and oxygen vacancies in FTO system. The FTO TFT with 3 mol.% F doping ratio shows superior electrical performance with saturation mobility ($\mu$) of 14.48 cm2/ $\text{V}\cdot \text{s}$ , a threshold voltage (${V}_{{\text {TH}}}$) of 1.01 V, a subthreshold swing (SS) of 0.19 V/decade, and an ON/OFF current ratio (${I}_{{\text {on}}}/{I}_{{\text {off}}})$ of $9.32\times 10^{{7}}$. Furthermore, the 3 mol.% FTO TFT shows only −0.8 V ${V}_{{\text {TH}}}$ shift under NBIS. The total density of states (DOSs) for the FTO TFT is extracted in order to further verify the stability improvement based on the temperature-dependence field-effect measurement. The results indicate that the simple solution-processed FTO-TFT is promising for application in electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An aqueous solution method has been used to fabricate SrInO thin-film transistors (TFTs) in this paper. Strontium has been doped in In2O3 as a carrier suppressor and proved to be associated with the reduction of the oxygen-related defect state. A small amount of Sr doping can effectively improve the stability of In2O3 TFTs under bias/illumination/thermal stress. The capacitance–voltage measurement and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement are tested to observe and analyze the variation of interface defect state and oxygen vacancy. The density of states is calculated to further confirm the decrease of the total trap state with the increase of the Sr content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

isolation, structure elucidation and cytotoxic activity of three new pyrrolizidine alkaloids named nervosine VII, VIII, and IX [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cross‐electrophile coupling (XEC) represents a powerful strategy for C−C bond formation. However, controlling the enantioselectivity in these processes remains a challenge. Here, we report an unprecedented enantioselective XEC of α‐amino acid derivatives with aryl bromides, enabled by alcohols as reducing agents via Ni/photoredox catalysis. This mechanistically distinct approach exploits the ability of photocatalytically generated α‐hydroxyalkyl radicals to convert alkyl electrophiles to the corresponding alkyl radicals that are then enantioselectively coupled with aryl bromides. The readily scalable protocol allows modular access to valuable enantioenriched benzylic amines from abundant and inexpensive precursors, and is applicable to late‐stage diversification with broad functional group tolerance. Mechanistic studies rationalize the versatility of this alcohol‐based reactivity for radical generation and subsequent asymmetric cross‐coupling. We expect that this alcohol‐based cross‐coupling will render a general platform for the development of appealing yet challenging enantioselective XECs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cross‐electrophile coupling (XEC) represents a powerful strategy for C−C bond formation. However, controlling the enantioselectivity in these processes remains a challenge. Here, we report an unprecedented enantioselective XEC of α‐amino acid derivatives with aryl bromides, enabled by alcohols as reducing agents via Ni/photoredox catalysis. This mechanistically distinct approach exploits the ability of photocatalytically generated α‐hydroxyalkyl radicals to convert alkyl electrophiles to the corresponding alkyl radicals that are then enantioselectively coupled with aryl bromides. The readily scalable protocol allows modular access to valuable enantioenriched benzylic amines from abundant and inexpensive precursors, and is applicable to late‐stage diversification with broad functional group tolerance. Mechanistic studies rationalize the versatility of this alcohol‐based reactivity for radical generation and subsequent asymmetric cross‐coupling. We expect that this alcohol‐based cross‐coupling will render a general platform for the development of appealing yet challenging enantioselective XECs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Unilateral high-riding vertebral artery may cause the nonuniform settlement of lateral mass. • Unilateral high-riding vertebral artery is associated with morphological changes of atlantoaxial joint. • We first propose the settlement phenomenon of C2 lateral mass and measurement method. • Expanding the understanding of effect of high-riding vertebral artery on atlantoaxial joint. A high-riding vertebral artery (HRVA) can deviate too medially, too posteriorly, or too superiorly to allow the safe insertion of screws. However, it is unknown whether the presence of a HRVA is associated with morphological changes of the atlantoaxial joint. To investigate the association between HRVA and atlantoaxial joint morphology in patients with and without HRVA. A retrospective case–control study and finite element (FE) analysis. A total of 396 patients with cervical spondylosis underwent multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) of cervical spine at our institutions from 2020 to 2022. A series of atlantoaxial joint morphological parameters, including C2 lateral mass settlement (C2 LMS), C1–2 sagittal joint inclination (C1–2 SI), C1–2 coronal joint inclination (C1–2 CI), atlanto-dental interval (ADI), lateral atlanto-dental interval (LADI), and C1–2 relative rotation angle (C1–2 RRA) were measured, and lateral atlantoaxial joints osteoarthritis (LAJs-OA) was recorded. The stress distribution on the C2 facet surface under different torques of flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation was analyzed by FE models. A 2-Nm moment was applied to all models to determine the range of motion (ROM). A total of 132 consecutive cervical spondylosis patients with unilateral HRVA were enrolled in the HRVA group, and 264 patients without HRVA matched for age and sex were enrolled in the normal (NL) group. Atlantoaxial joint morphological parameters were compared between two sides of C2 lateral mass within HRVA or NL group, and between HRVA and NL groups. A 48-year-old woman with cervical spondylosis without HRVA was selected for cervical MSCT. A three-dimensional (3D) FE intact model of the normal upper cervical spine (C0-C2) was created. We established the HRVA model by simulating atlantoaxial morphological changes of unilateral HRVA with FE method. The C2 LMS was significantly smaller on the HRVA side than that on the non-HRVA side in the HRVA group, but C1–2 SI, C1–2 CI, and LADI on HRVA side were significantly larger than those on non-HRVA side. There was no significant difference between left and right sides in the NL group. The difference in C2 LMS (d-C2 LMS) between HRVA side and non-HRVA side in the HRVA group was larger than that in the NL group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the differences in C1–2 SI (d-C1/2 SI), C1–2 CI (d-C1/2 CI), and LADI (d-LADI) in the HRVA group were significantly larger than those in the NL group. The C1–2 RRA in the HRVA group was significantly larger than that in the NL group. Pearson correlations showed that d-C1/2 SI, d-C1/2 CI, and d-LADI were positively associated with d-C2 LMS (r=0.428, 0.649, 0.498, respectively, p<.05 for all). The incidence of LAJs-OA in the HRVA group (27.3%) was significantly larger than that in the NL group (11.7%). Compared with the normal model, the ROM of C1-2 segment declined in all postures of the HRVA FE model. We found a larger distribution of stress on the C2 lateral mass surface of the HRVA side under different moment conditions. We suggest that HRVA affects the integrity of the C2 lateral mass. This change in patients with unilateral HRVA is associated with the nonuniform settlement of the lateral mass and an increase in the lateral mass inclination, which may further affect the degeneration of the atlantoaxial joint because of the stress concentration on the C2 lateral mass surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high κ ZrAlO x gate insulators were deposited by atomic layer deposition on silicon and characterized by the different analytical techniques. The grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) verifies that ZrAlO x thin films show an amorphous structure. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirms that the form of ZrAlO x phase improves the electrical properties and stability of the associated devices. Then, all ZrAlO x thin films were integrated in metal-insulator-semiconductor structures to check the electrical capabilities. They all show a low leakage current density (about 1 × 10 −8 A/cm 2 ) under a high electric field of about 2.0 MV/cm, and exhibit a stable capacitance as a function of frequency. Their associated ZTO TFTs were deposited by a radio frequency sputtering, and the influence of the ZrAlO x thickness on the stabilities under positive bias stress and electrical properties is investigated. The 130 nm ZrAlO x based TFT shows the optimized electrical properties (its mobility, threshold voltage, sub-threshold voltage swing and on-off ratio are 12.5 cm 2 /V, 0.3 V, 0.15 V/dec. and 8 × 10 7 and the good stability with 2.5 V threshold voltage shift under the positive bias voltage stress. The better properties of 130 nm ZrAlO x based TFTs are attributed to a less interface trap states and surface scattering center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have fabricated the magnesium-doped indium oxide (MgInO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) by solution process and evaluate the electrical characteristics and stability under temperature stress and positive bias stress. The MgInO TFTs show a decrease of off-state current ( \text I{\mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle off}}) and an increase of threshold voltage ( \text V\mathrm {TH}) with the increase of Mg doping concentration. For MgInO TFT with 0.75 mol% Mg doping concentration, it shows an excellent electrical characteristic (the field effectmobility of 13.77 cm ^2 \text V^-1~\texts^-1 , the threshold voltage of 2.84 V, and subthreshold swing value of 0.85 V/decade) and a good stability of temperature stress and positive bias stress. The performance enhancement of MgInO TFTs is attributed to the reduced density of states and the lower interface trap density by the optimized Mg doping concentration, which is first verified by the temperature-dependent field effect measurement and capacitance–voltage method. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

LuPO4:Yb crystals of 6 x 2 x 0.5 mm maximum size are grown from Yb2O3 and Lu2O3 in a Pb2P2O7 flux as high-temperature solvent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large single crystals of the title compound are prepared from mixtures of Lu2O3, Yb2O3, and PbHPO4 (Pt crucible, 1350 °C, 16 h). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluorinated dicopper(II) metal–organic framework JXNU-16F with 1,3,5-tri(3,5-bifluoro-4-carboxyphenyl)benzene ligands and nonfluorinated JXNU-16 exhibit high propyne uptakes of 443 and 496 cm3 g−1 under ambient conditions, respectively. Their remarkable propyne uptakes result from suitable pore spaces and strong propyne⋯propyne interactions amongst the adsorbed propyne molecules, as revealed by computational simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The undrained shear strength of surficial marine clays is a significant parameter for engineering construction and geological disaster assessment. The full-flow penetration test is an effective method to evaluate marine clay strength. Currently, this method is mainly used for deep penetration, in which the stable full-flow failure state with plasticity solutions is reached; however, surficial penetration lacks a theoretical basis, and related empirical methods are still being explored, especially considering the effect of ambient water. Based on this, first, a model in the framework of computational fluid dynamics is proposed to simulate the whole penetration process of a ball penetrometer in two-phase materials (i.e., marine clay and ambient water). Furthermore, centrifugal penetration tests of two typical clay samples (i.e., South China Sea soil and kaolin clay) are used to verify the accuracy of the proposed relative motion model. Second, the characteristics of the penetration resistance factor during the whole penetration in homogenized marine clays are obtained, and the relevant mechanism is analyzed by the variation in the velocity field, volume fraction and streamline of two-phase materials. Finally, the critical depth to distinguish between surficial and stable penetration is given as 6.5 times the ball diameter; the penetration resistance factor is divided into surficial and stable penetration resistance factors, and dimensionless evaluation methods are established, which provides the basis for obtaining the strength of surficial marine clays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A series of experiments were performed to evaluate the continuous separation of cesium based on an electrochemically switched ion exchange (ESIX) process using a diaphragm-isolated reactor with two identical nickel hexacyanoferrate/porous three-dimensional carbon felt (NiHCF/PTCF) electrodes as working electrodes. The effects of applied potential, initial concentrations and pH values of the simulation solutions on the adsorption of cesium ion were investigated. The adsorption rate of cesium ion in the ESIX process was fitted by a pseudo-first-order reaction model. The experiments revealed that the introduction of applied potential on the electrodes greatly enhanced the adsorption/desorption rate of Cs+ and increased the separation efficiency. H3O+ was found to play a dual role of electrolyte and competitor, and the adsorption rate constant showed a curve diversification with an increase in pH value. Also, it was found that the electrochemically switched adsorption process of Cs+ by NiHCF/PTCF electrodes proceeded in two main steps, i.e., an ESIX step with a fast adsorption rate and an ion diffusion step with a slow diffusion rate. Meanwhile, the NiHCF/PTCF film electrode showed adsorption selectivity for Cs+ in preference to Na+. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This study describes a morphology-based unilateral cervical facet interlocking classification in an attempt to clarify the injury mechanism, instability, neurological deficits, radiological features, and determine optimum management strategies for these injuries. A total of 55 patients with unilateral cervical locked facet (UCLF) involving C3 to C7 were identified between January 1, 2012 and December 1, 2019. The injuries were classified into three types, and they were further divided into six subtypes using three-dimensional computed tomography. The injury mechanism, clinical features, neurological deficits, and imaging characteristics were analyzed, and the appropriate treatment strategies for UCLF were discussed. UCLFs were divided into the following six subtypes: UCLF without lateral mass-facet fracture (type I) in nine cases, with superior articular process fracture (type II A) in 22, with inferior articular process fracture (type II B) in seven, both superior and inferior articular process fractures (type II C) in four, with lateral mass splitting fracture (type III A) in three, and with lateral mass comminution fractures (type III B) in ten. A total of 22 (40.0%) of the 55 patients presented with radiculopathy, and 23 patients (41.8%) had spinal cord injuries. The subtype analyses showed high rates of radiculopathy in types II A (68.2%) and II C (75.0%), as well as significant spinal cord injury in types I (77.8%) and III (61.5%). Destruction of the facet capsule was observed in all patients, but the injury of disc, ligamentous complex, and vertebra had a significant difference among the types or subtypes. The instability parameters of the axial rotation angle, segmental kyphosis, and sagittal displacement showed significant differences in various types of UCLF. Closed reduction by preoperative and intraoperative general anesthesia traction was achieved in 27 patients (49.1%), and successful rate of closed reduction in type I (22.2%) was significantly lower than that in type II (51.5%) and type III (61.5%). A total of 35 of 55 patients underwent a single anterior fixation and fusion, 10 patients were treated with posterior pedicle and (or) lateral mass fixation, and combined surgery was performed in ten patients. Ten patients (18.2%) with a poor outcome were observed after first surgery. Among them, 3 patients treated with a single anterior surgery had persistent or aggravated radiculopathy and posterior approach surgery with ipsilateral facet resection, foramen enlargement, and pedicle and (or) lateral mass screw fixation was performed immediately, 5 patients treated with a short-segment posterior surgery showed mild late kyphosis deformity, and 2 patients with vertebral malalignment were encountered after anterior single-level fusion during the follow-up. This retrospective study indicated that UCLF is a rotationally unstable cervical spine injury. The classification proposed in this study will contribute to understanding the injury mechanism, radiological characteristics, and neurological deficits in various types of UCLF, which will help the surgeons to evaluate the preoperative closed reduction and guide the selection of surgical approach and fusion segment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate and determine whether there are differences in L5 pedicles morphology between isthmic and degenerative L5–S1 spondylolisthesis. Methods: One hundred and nineteen patients with isthmic spondylolisthesis and 45 patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis at L5–S1 were enrolled in the IS group and DS group, respectively, and 164 lumbar disc herniation patients without spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis were classified into the normal (NL) group. A series of pedicle parameters of the fifth lumbar vertebra, including pedicle length (PL), pedicle width (PW), pedicle screw trajectory length (PSTL), pedicle height (PH), and the pedicle camber angle (PCA), were measured using multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT). The slip distance of the L5 vertebra was measured on radiography, and the percentage of slip was also recorded. Results: The pedicles of the fifth lumbar vertebra were shorter and wider, and the PCA was larger in the IS group compared to the DS group and NL group. On the contrary, the pedicles in the DS group were elongated and thinner, and the PCA was smaller. The pedicle parameters of PL were significantly positively correlated with the percentage of slip in the DS group, but PW and PCA were negatively correlated with the percentage of slip. There was no correlation between the percentage of slip and L5 pedicle parameters in the IS group. Conclusions: The L5 pedicles morphology in L5–S1 isthmic spondylolisthesis shows abduction, shortness, and width, while that in the degenerative spondylolisthesis shows adduction, lengthening, and thinning compared with the normal populations. The morphology changes may be the result of pedicle stress remodelling in the development of spondylolisthesis, which should be taken into consideration when placing at the insertion of pedicle screws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]