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This study prepared magnetron-sputtering deposition film on a large-scale curved workpiece with a favorable thickness uniformity using a rectangular target cathode. For a substrate rotation structure with eccentric rotation/revolution composite motion, the geometrical model of the thickness distribution of the coating film on a large substrate was established in combination with the principle of rectangular cathode magnetron sputtering. The integral formula of the film thickness was derived, and various film thickness distribution patterns under different parameters were simulated. According to the present research results, the film thickness distribution can be optimized by adjusting the revolution-to-rotation radius and eccentric ratios. At an eccentric distance of 400 mm and a radius ratio of 2.78, the most favorable uniformity degree of 0.87 was obtained, which was controlled by the motion path of the fixed point on the substrate. The proposed approach helps to obtain large-scale films with favorable uniformity on the substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eosinophil extracellular traps (EETs) are implicated in various eosinophil-associated diseases; however, their role in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains unclear. In the present study, 57 CRS patients were enrolled, and immunofluorescence was used to analyze EETs in eosinophilic (eCRS) and non-eosinophilic (Non-eCRS) tissues. MSD was used to examine IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 concentrations in tissue homogenates. Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLCs) protein expression was detected in PMA, PMA+DNase I, and blank control eosinophils using ELISA. Eotaxin-3 mRNA and protein levels were measured in human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) cultured with EETs, EETs+DNase I, DNase I, and unstimulated eosinophils using PCR and ELISA. EETs were significantly increased in eCRS tissues compared with Non-eCRS (P<0.001), and correlated with VAS and Lund-Mackay CT scores. IL-5 expression was related to EETs formation (r = 0.738, P<0.001). PMA-stimulated eosinophils exhibited higher CLCs protein levels (P<0.01). Co-culturing HNECs with EETs significantly increased eotaxin-3 mRNA and protein levels (P<0.0001, P<0.001) compared with other groups. The study suggests EETs formation is elevated in eCRS patients and is involved in CLCs formation and chemokine secretion, promoting eosinophilic inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a relatively uncommon disease in clinical practice, Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the nasopharynx is particularly susceptible to misdiagnosis, which might delay treatment. Clinical dilemmas are regularly faced in the attempt to forecast this disease. With the aim of developing a flawless prediction system in the future to raise the rate of early diagnosis and enhance patient prognosis, we primarily highlight several dilemmas about tumor microenvironment, comparison of biopsy and surgery, and the usage of fluoro-2- deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography in this study. We summarized the predictive biomarkers in the Hodgkin's lymphoma microenvironment, including both routine and specific biomarkers such as mast cells, tumor related macrophages and so on. Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography is a highly useful method for the early diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma. It can increase the accuracy and sensitivity of diagnosis and is also a valuable tool for therapy evaluation. Additionally, for pathological procedures, surgery is more dangerous but produces more accurate findings, whereas biopsy is less risky but produces less accurate results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hematopoietic cell kinase (HCK), a member of the Src family protein-tyrosine kinases (SFKs), is primarily expressed in cells of the myeloid and B lymphocyte lineages. Nevertheless, the roles of HCK in glioblastoma (GBM) remain to be examined. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of HCK on GBM development both in vitro and in vivo, as well as the underlying mechanism. The present study found that HCK was highly expressed in both tumor tissues from patients with GBM and cancer cell lines. HCK enhanced cell viability, proliferation, and migration, and induced cell apoptosis in vitro. Tumor xenografts results also demonstrated that HCK knockdown significantly inhibited tumor growth. Interestingly, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed HCK was closed associated with epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and TGFß signaling in GBM. In addition, we also found that HCK accentuates TGFß-induced EMT, suggesting silencing HCK inhibited EMT through the inactivation of Smad signaling pathway. In conclusion, our findings indicated that HCK is involved in GBM progression via mediating EMT process, and may be served as a promising therapeutic target for GBM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tissue-engineered bone substitutes are frequently used to repair bone defects. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are a promising source of cells for repairing bone tissue, however, insufficient osteogenic potency remains the main obstacle for their application. The present study aimed to enhance the osteogenic potency of ASCs by transfection of microRNA (miR)-26a, a novel osteogenic and angiogenic promoting miRNA. An inverted fluorescence microscope was used to observe transfection efficiency, while a scanning electron microscope was used to detect morphological alterations. Cell proliferation was monitored continuously for 7 days using a Cell Counting kit-8 assay. Osteogenic differentiation was determined by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, collagen secretion and extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization. ASCs were incorporated with a porous hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold to create a novel tissue-engineered bone substitute and inserted into the critical tibia defect of rats. New bone formation was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. The results demonstrated that miR-26a was successfully delivered into the cytoplasm, while the morphology and proliferation of ASCs were not significantly altered. Osteogenic-associated genes were markedly upregulated and ALP production, collagen secretion and ECM mineralization were all increased following transfection of miR-26a. Histological evaluation demonstrated that the modified cells accompanied with a porous HA scaffold markedly promoted new bone formation within the defective area. In conclusion, miR-26a transfection significantly improved the osteogenic potency of ASCs suggesting that modified ASCs incorporated with a HA scaffold may be used as a potential bone substitute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objective  To investigate the signal pathways involved in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Methods  The expressions of COX-2, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in nasal mucosa were detected by immunohistological stain and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Their expressions and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release were determined by PCR, Western blot and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in human nasal epithelia (HNE) cells after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction, and/or small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection. Results  Positive protein expressions of COX-2, p38MAPK, ERK, NF-κB subunits were detected in epithelial and inflammatory cells. Their mRNA levels were significantly higher in CRS than controls (P  Conclusion  Upregulation of COX-2 expression suggested its role as a mediator in CRS. ERK and p38MAPK pathways were involved in signaling COX-2 through NF-κB pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of the reverse cyclic straining and the creep loading on the resultant tensile mechanical properties, such as the strength parameter (σ0.2 and σ b ), the ductile parameter (δ and ϕ f ) and the composite parameter of the strength and ductility, the static toughness ( U t ), for the precipitation-strengthened nickel-based superalloy GH4145/SQ used for high-temperature turbine and valve studs/bolts in power plant was investigated systematically at a temperature of 538°C. The experimental results show that in the case of the reverse cyclic straining both σ0.2 and σ b increases at early stages of cyclic straining and, after reaching their saturated values, σ0.2 remains relatively constant until about 90% of fatigue life, while σ b exhibits continuous reduction up to a level equal to the maximum applied stress amplitude. With the increasing number of straining cycles, both δ and ϕ f as well as U t decrease significantly until final fracture. In the case of creep loading the strength parameters (σ0.2 and σ b ) tend to increase, as a whole, while the ductile parameters (δ and ϕ f ) and the static toughness ( U t ) exhibit continuous decrease characterization as the amount of the creep deformation increases. The variation of the aforementioned various tensile mechanical properties during cyclic straining and creep loading of the alloy was further discussed by means of the observations of the deformation microstructures as well as the examinations of the fracture features of the specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze the performance of different chemical mechanisms on the prediction under moderate and intense low-oxygen dilution combustion environment, six different kinds of mechanisms were tested by solving the Reynolds averaged Navier- Stokes equations in a 2-D domain with the eddy dissipation concept model by FLUENT software. Temperature and the species concentration of OH, CO, and H2O were compared with the experiment data. The experiment results showed some similarities for each chemical mechanism as well as discrepancies. The comparison of CH4 oxidation route between the GRI2.11 and GRI3.0 mechanisms was made by Chemkin code. Reaction 95 and 147 were responsible for low temperature region for GRI2.11 mechanism at downstream area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assays were conducted to examine the contents of cellulose and callose, and the activities of enzymes related to sucrose metabolism at various stages of fiber development in colored cottons and white cotton. The results showed that the cellulose accumulation could be described with Richard curve equations, and the cellulose biosynthesis was reflected by the eigenvalues, especially the maximum biosynthesis rate (Vmax) and the time taken for cellulose rapid biosynthesis (T). The period from 20 days post anthesis (DPA) to 40 DPA is the key stage for cellulose accumulation in colored cotton. During this period reduced activity acid invertase (AI) and β-1,3-glucanase, and decreased accumulation and transformation of callose in colored cotton might limit carbon supply and cellulose accumulation by affecting Vmax and T, thus inhibiting sucrose metabolism during cellulose biosynthesis, then results in poor fiber quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chordoma is a rare malignant bone tumor that is usually localized to the skull base, vertebral column and sacrum. The transcription factor brachyury, which is encoded by the T gene, has a critical role in the development and progression of chordoma, although the mechanisms underlying brachyury regulation remain unclear. The aim of the current study was to identify and characterize microRNAs (miRs) that regulate brachyury expression in chordoma. MicroRNAs that target brachyury were predicted using miRanda and TargetScan. Using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, miR-219-5p was shown to be significantly downregulated in chordoma tissues and the U-CH2 chordoma cell lines. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to validate the inhibitory effect of miR-219-5p on brachyury mRNA expression. The expression level of brachyury was downregulated in U-CH2 cells following transfection with miR-219-5p mimics and upregulated following transfection with the miR-219-5p inhibitor. The effects of miR-219-5p on the proliferation and clonogenicity of chordoma cells were assessed using cell counting kit-8, EdU and clone formation assays. These in vitro results indicated that miR-219-5p may have an important role in regulating the cell proliferation and clonogenicity of human chordoma cells, potentially by targeting brachyury. Furthermore, the associations between the expression levels of miR-219-5p and various clinicopathological factors were analyzed, and miR-219-5p expression was shown to correlate with tumor extent and recurrence. These results suggested that miR-219-5p functions as a tumor suppressor in chordoma and, therefore, that miR-219-50 may be a potential target for therapeutic intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: With the increasing application of laparoscopic or robot-assisted radical cystectomy, a reliable and promising method is needed for reducing postoperative complications. We describe the short-term outcomes of totally extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical cystectomy (TELRC) with extraperitoneal pelvic lymph node dissection (EPLND) and extraperitoneal ileal orthotopic neobladder (EION) techniques. Materials and Methods: From January 2020 to December 2021, we performed TELRC and EPLND with EION in 72 patients in our center. The accompanying video highlights our novel techniques. The patients' demographic data, intraoperative data, and perioperative complications were collected, and short-term oncological and functional results are reported. Results: All procedures were technically successful without conversion to open surgery. The patients' mean body mass index was 26.22±5.71. Median age was 57.51±12.34 years. Average hospital stay was 13.78±4.62 days. Median intraoperative blood loss was 112.92±88.56 mL. No blood transfusion was needed during the operations and only one blood transfusion was performed during the perioperative period. Mean operating time was 259.44±49.84 minutes. Average cost was US$9,875.71±1,873.08. Postoperative short-term complications included short-term ileus (n=3), infection (n=13), leakage of urine (n=11), and lymph fistula (n=7). One late complication of unilateral vesicoureteral anastomotic stenosis occurred. The mean follow-up was 13.42±8.77 months, and no patient developed local or systemic recurrence. The short-term follow-up and small cohort of patients limited our evaluation of outcomes. Conclusions: TELRC with PLND and EION was technically feasible and clinically promising, with a reduced potential harm of postoperative complications. Long-term follow-up and a larger cohort of patients are needed for further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article demonstrated that hypoxia promoted GMs' malignant progression and that calcium-dependent exosome release was associated with enhanced monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147). It mentions the additional mechanism of MCT1 and CD147 inhibitors as anticancer agents in preventing glioma progression through exosome shuttling among neighboring cells.

An approach was presented to fabricate wafer-scale nanoring structures based on nanopillar array templates fabricated by nanoimprint lithography. This fabrication method combined UV-curing nanolithography technology, metal deposition, and an etching process, which made it possible to tune the geometric properties of nanorings: height, diameter, and linewidth for various materials, such as Au and Ni. Nanoring arrays showed potential applications in many fields, including memory storage, biosensing, and optical devices. The optical measurement of Au nanorings (d = 380 nm) showed its strong transmission resonances at the wavelength of 2.1 µm. A modified version of this fabrication method by depositing Ni in a controlled angle as a sacrificial layer was also utilized to create nanocrescent arrays. This modified method could easily tune the width of crescents through the nickel deposition angles and nanopillar template heights. The large-area gold nanocrescent arrays showed strong polarization-dependent transmission bands. Plasmonic crescent structures were expected to apply in infrared metamaterial and chemical sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We theoretically propose a design of a spaser based on spherical hyperbolic metamaterial cavities consisting of a dielectric core wrapped by several stacks of alternating layers of metal and dielectric, which can support the multipolar whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) with resonance wavelengths much larger than the cavity size. Depending on the mode order of the excited WGMs with the same angular momentum, we show that such cavities are capable of strongly confining the electric fields within different dielectric shell layers. By introducing gains into the different dielectric layers, we demonstrate that the hyperbolic cavities can act as multi-wavelength spasers with a lasing threshold as low as 811 cm-1, operating on the WGMs with the corresponding mode order. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that the slight variation on either the number of stacks or the core radius allows for easily tuning the lasing wavelengths over a wide spectral range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We theoretically investigated third harmonic generation (THG) from planar chiral metamaterials consisting of a square array of gammadion-shaped metal-insulatormetal multilayered nanostructures.We showthat there exists strong circular dichroism (CD) for THG on the proposed chiral metamaterials. We also demonstrate that geometrically mirroring the gammadion -shaped meta-atoms can result in reversal of the THG-CD effect. Based on theseCDeffects in the optical nonlinear regime, we propose a design of a Fresnel zone plate (FZP) for intense focusing of theTHGsignals, in which adjacent zones of the FZP consist of gammadions with mirror symmetry and generate circularly polarizedTHGwith opposite handedness. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the relative phase of the THG can be continuously changed by rotating the gammadion around its rotational axis, which could be used in the FZP to control the polarization of the output THG signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hotspot-engineered quasi-3D metallic network with controllable nanogaps is purposed as a high-quality surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate, which is prepared by a combination of non-close-packed colloid monolayer templating and metal physical deposition. The significant SERS effect arises from a strongly enhanced local electric field originating from the ultra-small-gaps between neighboring metal-caps and tiny interstices and between the metal-caps and the metal-bumps on the base, which is recognized by the numerical simulation. A remarkable average SERS enhancement factor of up to 1.5 x 108 and a SERS intensity relative standard deviation (RSD) of 10.5% are achieved by optimizing the nanogap size to sub-10nm scale, leading to an excellent capability for Raman detection, which is represented by the clearly identified SERS signal of the Rhodamine 6G solution with a fairly low concentration of 1 nM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report experimental investigation of the photoluminescence (PL) generated from the gold nanoshells of the dielectric-metal core-shell resonators (DMCSR) that support multipolar electric and magnetic based cavity plasmon resonances. Significantly enhanced and modulated PL spectrum is observed. By comparing the experimental results with analytical Mie calculations, we are able to demonstrate that the observed reshaping effects are due to the excitations of those narrow-band cavity plasmon resonances. We also present that the variation on the dielectric core size allows for tuning the cavity plasmon resonance wavelengths and thus the peak positions of the PL spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With significant progress in the past decade, semiconductor nanowires have demonstrated unique features compared to their thin film counterparts, such as enhanced light absorption, mechanical integrity and reduced therma conductivity, etc. However, technologies of semiconductor thin film still serve as foundations of several major industries, such as electronics, displays, energy, etc. A direct path to convert thin film to nanowires can build a bridge between these two and therefore facilitate the large-scale applications of nanowires. Here, we demonstrate that methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) nanowires can be synthesized directly from perovskite film by a scalable conversion process. In addition, with fine kinetic control, morphologies, and diameters of these nanowires can be well-controlled. Based on these perovskite nanowires with excellent optical trapping and mechanical properties, flexible photodetectors with good sensitivity are demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We observe experimentally the spectral and spatial reshaping of fluorescence emission in dye-doped dielectric-metal core-shell resonators that support multipolar electric and magnetic-based cavityplasmonresonances. By comparing the experimental fluorescence spectra with analytical calculations based on Mie theory, we are able to demonstrate that the strong reshaping effects are the results of the coupling of dye molecules to those narrow-band cavityplasmonresonances. In addition, we show that the polarization of the fluorescence emission can also be modified by selectively coupling the molecules to the magnetic or electric based cavityplasmons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on the experimental realization of dielectric-metal core-shell resonators with a nearly perfect metal shell layer by physically depositing metal onto the self-supporting dielectric colloids. Sharp electric and magnetic-based cavity plasmon resonances are experimentally observed, whereas increasing the metal shell thickness increases their Q-factors while narrowing their linewidths. In particular, a high Q-factor up to ~100 with a correspondingly narrow linewidth down to ~12 nm is experimentally obtained at a dipolar magnetic cavity plasmon resonance. Simulations and analytical Mie calculations show excellent agreements with the experimental results and demonstrate strong optical field confinement of such three-dimensional resonators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El macropolímero de glutenina (GMP), un componente importante del trigo (Triticum aestivum L.), se compone de subunidades de glutenina con peso molecular alto (HMW-GS) y bajo (LMW-GS). En el trigo, la composición de subunidades y características de GMP son factores importantes que afectan la calidad del procesamiento. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar los efectos del estado hídrico del suelo, los cultivares y la posición del grano en la espiga de trigo sobre la distribución de las partículas GMP. Los cultivares de trigo Jinan 17, Yannong 24 y Lumai 21, con diferente calidad en el uso final, fueron utilizados en la temporada de crecimiento 2009-2011 y se aplicaron dos regímenes hídricos (riego y temporal): dos riegos (750 m3 ha-1 cada uno en la etapa de elongación del tallo y formación de la espiga) para los de riego, y ninguno para los de temporal. El diseño experimental fue bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones y los datos se analizaron con ANDEVA y la prueba de Tukey (p⩽0.05), para comparar de las medias de los tratamientos, usando SPSS. Todas las determinaciones se repitieron tres veces. La dimensión de la parcela fue de 3 m×3 m. En la madurez, las espigas floreciendo en la misma fecha se muestrearon y separaron como granos basales y distales según la posición en las espiguillas. La distribución de las partículas GMP y el contenido de HMW-GS fueron afectados (p⩽0.05) por el agua del suelo, el genotipo y la posición del grano. Los granos basales en las espiguillas de la parte media tenían más (p⩽0.05) HMW-GS y GMP que los distales en madurez. El volumen y porcentaje del área superficial de las partículas GMP >100 mm en granos basales fueron mayores (p⩽0.05) que en los distales, pero los de partículas de <12 mm en los granos basales eran menores que en los distales. En comparación con el riego, el porcentaje de volumen y área superficial de partículas GMP > 100 mm en los granos basales y distales aumentaron significativamente (p⩽0.05), y los contenidos de HMW-GS y GMP también aumentaron en condiciones de temporal. Como resultado, los granos basales y distales tienen características diferentes de calidad y aplicación. Una estrategia de mejora genética prometedora sería mejorar el rendimiento del grano y su calidad aumentando el peso medio del grano en lugar del número de granos dentro de una espiguilla. En la producción de trigo, el manejo del factor agua fue el más importante para regular el rendimiento y la calidad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glutenin macropolymer (GMP), an important component of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), consists of high weight (HMW-GS) and low-molecular-weight (LMW-GS) gutenin subunits. In wheat, the subunit composition and GMP characteristics are important factors affecting processing quality. The objective of this study was to characterize the effects of soil water status, cultivar and grain position in wheat spike, on GMP particles distribution. Wheat cultivars Jinan 17, Yannong 24 and Lumai 21 with different end-use quality were used in 2009-2011 growing season, and two water regimes (irrigated and rainfed): two irrigations (750 m3 ha-1 each at jointing and booting stage) for irrigated, and none for rainfed. The experimental design was a complete randomized block with three replicates; data were analyzed whith ANOVA and Tukey test (p⩽0.05) for treatment means, using SPSS. All determinations were replicated three times. Plot dimension was 3 m×3 m. At maturity, the heads flowering on the same date were sampled and detached as basal and distal grains according to the position on spikelets. GMP particles distribution and HMW-GS content were affected (p⩽0.05) by soil water, genotype and grain position. Basal grains on middle spikelets showed higher (p⩽0.05) HMW-GS and GMP content than those in distal grains at maturity. The volume and surface area percentage of >100 mm GMP particles in basal grains were higher (p⩽0.05) than that in distal grains, but those of <12 mm particles in basal grains were lower than that in distal grains. Compared with irrigation, percent volume and surface area of >100 mm GMP particles in basal and distal grains were significantly increased (p⩽0.05), and content of HMW-GS and GMP were also increased in rainfed condition. As a result, basal and distal grains have different quality characteristics and application. A promising breeding strategy would be to improve grain yield and quality by increasing average grain weight rather than grain number within a spikelet. When managing for wheat production, the water factor was the most important manipulation to regulate the yield and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have demonstrated the plasmonic characteristics of an ultrathin tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) film coated with Ag nanoparticles. The simulation result shows that, under resonant and non-resonant excitations, the strongest plasmonic electric field of 1 nmta-C coated Ag nanoparticle is not trapped within the ta-C layer but is released to its outside surface, while leaving the weaker electric field inside ta-C layer. Moreover, this outside plasmonic field shows higher intensity than that of uncoated Ag nanoparticle, which is closely dependent on the excitation wavelength and size of Ag particles. These observations are supported by the SERS measurements. We expect that the ability for ultrathin ta-C coated Ag nanoparticles as the SERS substrates to detect low concentrations of target biomolecules opens the door to the applications where it can be used as a detection tool for integrated, on-chip devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodic nanostructure, especially for nano-spheres' structure, is one of the key issues in the current research, due to its anomalous transmission of light and obvious surface plasmon resonance. In this work, a type of anisotropic lateral photovoltaic effect is observed in the Au films covered two-dimensional colloidal crystals (CCs). This finding of lateral photovoltaic effect adds the functionality to the CCs system and will be useful in development of CCs-based devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) and low-molecular weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L) kernel affects the size of ~lutenin macropolymer (GMP), which is consid&ed the important flour quality traits in wheat. Three wheat cultivarswith differentend-use quali1ty were used to study the effects of water-nitrogen (W x N) management on relative HMW-GS and GMP contents. Under irrigation, increased levels promoted the accumulation of HMWand LMW-GS, GMP content, and the proportion of the larger particle of GMP, with higher yield and better end-use quality. Under rainfed conditions, increased N fertilizer also increased protein content in the three cultivars. As opposed to Gaochengo9Ol', 'Shannongl39l' and 'Taishan23' got higher HMWand LMW-GS contents and larger GMP particles, but reduced yields of both. Irrigation increased the yield markedly, the N application significantly affected the glutenin, but the W x N interaction was not significant. On one hand, increased N levels improved the dough development time by increasing the numbers of larger GMP particles and enhane of volume and surface area percentages on the other. It was suggested that the interaction as a complicated network and some individual effect might be important. When managing for wheat yield and quality, growers should first consider the water factor, then the N fertilizer factor to improve the end-use quality of wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A functional structure material with good thermal insulation properties, which can also reflect infrared light within a certain range, was obtained by introducing a photonic crystal structure as a reflector into oxidized porous silicon. The porous silicon multilayer was fabricated based on alternative changes in etching current intensity. The oxidation process was performed to ensure a full oxidation of the high porosity layers and a partial oxidization of the low porosity layers to achieve good thermal insulation properties while maintaining enough contrast of the refractory index. The microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and the optical reflectance spectra by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. A band gap centred at 3?µm with a bandwidth of 1.3?µm was successfully obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a potential efficient fluorescent label based on the dyed dielectric-metal core–shell resonators (DMCSRs). By utilizing the near-field coupling between the dyes and the multipolar sharp cavity plasmon resonances, the dyed DMCSRs with diameter of 1.02 μm are demonstrated to be capable of supporting multiple spontaneous emission peaks with the linewidths as narrow as ∼ 10 nm in visible range, and these reshaped fluorescent emissions are insensitive to the surrounding dielectric environment. Furthermore, these multiple narrow emission peaks show a precise tunability on the spectrum by simply separating a nanometric dielectric layer between the dielectric core and the metallic shell, which may provide an attractive spectral multiplexing strategy in the fields of cell biology and medical sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanisms of plasmonic nanostructures assisted photocatalytic processes are fundamental and of great importance and interest for decades. Therefore, we adopt a unique porous structure of three-dimensional TiO2/Au nanoparticles to experimentally explore the potential mechanisms of rhodamine B (RhB) based photocatalytic degradation. The highly efficient absorbance measured across the entire ultraviolet and infrared regions shows the broadband light harvesting capability and photocatalytic activity, in which the direct bandgap transition, plasmon sensitization as well as the plasmonic photothermal effect can be beneficial for the photocatalytic reaction. The RhB photocatalytic degradation experiments were conducted systematically under solar irradiance with finely chosen optical filters. Apart from the ultraviolet-driven degradation of TiO2, the plasmon assisted photocatalytic rate of our TiO2/Au structure can be enhanced by >30% as compared to the referenced TiO2 structure (equivalent to 2–4 times promotion with respect to the same quantity of the active material TiO2). Detailed wavelength-dependent analyses have revealed that the visible-driven degradation rate can be enhanced by 10 times because of the plasmon sensitization effect; while infrared-driven degradation rate is enhanced by 4 times as well for the plasmonic photothermal effect, respectively. Our experimental results may provide a clear understanding for the wavelength-dependent plasmon enhanced photocatalytic processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we report on the design and observation of double Fano resonances (DFRs) in an individual symmetry-reduced nanostructure and the induced high sensing sensitivity. Such a plasmonic nanostructure consists of a partially overlapped double-metallic nanotriangles with unequal sizes fabricated by using fast and low-cost angle-resolved nanosphere lithography. Symmetry breaking generates two narrow quadrupolar dark modes, which further enhance the coupling with fundamental bright dipole modes within the same structure, manifesting the effect of DFRs. The resonance wavelength and line shape of DFRs can be tailored by changing the degree of asymmetry as well as the size of the designed nanostructure. Based on DFRs, a high sensitivity to dielectric environment with a maximum figure of merit of 35 is measured. Due to a fast manufacturing process with high reproducibility and high structural tunability, the fabricated individual metallic nanostructure provides an opportunity for significant potential applications in localized surface plasmon resonance based single or double-wavelength sensors in the near-infrared region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we propose a high-quality (Q) factor hybrid plasmonic nanocavity based on distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) with low propagation loss and extremely strong mode confinement. This hybrid plasmonic nanocavity is composed of a high-index cylindrical nanowire separated from a metal surface possessing shallow DBRs gratings by a sufficiently thin low-index dielectric layer. The hybrid plasmonic nanocavity possesses advantages such as a high Purcell factor (Fp) of up to nearly 20000 and a gain threshold approaching 266 cm−1 at 1550 nm, promising a greater potential in deep sub-wavelength lasing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]