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• The microsponges encapsulating salicylic acid were prepared as a drug carrier. • The formulation of microsponges was optimized by response surface methodology. • The sustained release and application performance of microsponges were studied. A novel salicylic acid microsponge was prepared using the quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method. The yield, encapsulation efficiency, morphology, thermal properties, drug state, in vitro release, and application potential were systematically evaluated. The optimized microsponges demonstrated a yield of 84.92 % and an encapsulation efficiency of 68.69 %. The morphology of the microsponges exhibited a porous spherical structure. Additionally, the interaction between salicylic acid (SA) and ethyl cellulose (EC) enhanced the thermal stability of the microsponges and significantly reduced the crystallinity of SA. These microsponges exhibited excellent sustained release characteristics, enabling drug release for up to 78 h. Finally, combining the SA microsponges with the Carbopol 934 hydrogel system demonstrated favorable viscoelasticity, creep recovery, and stability, providing new insights for its application in dermatological treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsion (ME) loading with Ferulic acid (FA) was created, featuring transparent, thermodynamically stable, and forms spontaneously. The formula of FA-loaded microemulsion was optimized based on pseudo-ternary phase diagram, Box Behnken design (BBD) and dissolution test. The optimized formula (2 %FAME) consisted of 1-Decanol (3.98 %, w/w), Cremophor®RH40 (6.72 %, w/w), Tween 80 (0.75 %, w/w), 1,3-Butanediol (29.85 %, w/w), water (56.71, w/w) and FA (2 %, w/w). The microscopic morphology and droplet size distribution were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The unique emulsion enhanced the solubility of FA in water while demonstrating good stability, controlled release properties, significant free radical scavenging ability and ultraviolet-B (UVB) absorption capacity. Sunscreen properties were demonstrated by Carbomer®934 gel. The sunscreen gel exhibited sun protection properties, while the FA microemulsion demonstrated synergistic effect with ZnO, resulting in a significant enhancement of SPF. These results demonstrate that this novel microemulsion system not only improves the bioavailability of FA, but also provides valuable insights into the development and application of natural UV filters. [Display omitted] • The microemulsion was prepared using a new system of long and short chain alcohols. • The formula was optimized by RSM and phase diagram. • The load, stability, ABTS·+, in vitro release and sunscreen gel of microemulsion were studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]