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A low-shrinkage and viscosity-reducing polycarboxylate superplasticizer was synthesized with maleic anhydride (MAH), diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and methoxypoly (ethylene glycol) methacrylate (MPEGnMA). The surface tension, early shrinkage, cement paste performance, and application performance of concrete made with the synthesized water-reducing admixture were tested. A series of experiments were conducted to determine the optimal range of plastic viscosity coefficients for producing high-quality, fair-faced concrete with minimal surface defects. These experiments utilized both the synthesized water-reducing admixture alone and in combination with other water-reducing agents. The results showed that the synthesized water-reducing admixture had an ideal molecular structure, as confirmed by the GPC spectrum. When added to an aqueous solution, it reduced the surface tension from 72.47 mN/m to 30.56 mN/m. The 72 h shrinkage value of concrete was reduced by 20.6% compared with that of the conventional control group, effectively reducing shrinkage and adjusting the viscosity of the concrete mixture. Additionally, the influence of the plastic viscosity coefficient on the apparent voids in fair-faced concrete was investigated. This study revealed that when the plastic viscosity coefficient was between 5 and 10 Pa·s, the apparent void grade of the fair-faced concrete was simultaneously excellent and good. This water-reducing admixture helped prevent surface cracking and voids in fair-faced concrete, making it a suitable choice for producing high-quality fair-faced concrete surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• First synthesis of 1-(hydroxymethyl)-pyrazoles under MW irradiation and solvent-free condition. • Four dimers were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray structures. • Hirshfeld surface analysis. • ESP and IGMH explain the active hydrogen bonding mode. A facile high-yield, solvent-free approach for the synthesis of a series of 1-(hydroxymethyl)-pyrazoles under microwave irradiation was developed for the first time. The structures of four pyrazoles compounds were characterised by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and showed interesting intermolecular O‒H ∙∙∙ N hydrogen bonding linking two pyrazoles molecules to form R 2 2 (10) dimer architectures. In additional, the intermolecular interactions in the crystal were investigated through the Hirshfeld surface analysis to understand the characteristics of the close contacts, and the 2D-fingerprint plot data exposed that a significant contributions to the crystal packing are from N ∙∙∙ H/H ∙∙∙ N contacts. The geometry optimization, electronic properties and energies level of HOMO, LUMO were performed by Density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Quantitative electrostatic potential analysis (ESP) and independent gradient model based on Hirshfeld partition (IGMH) explained the active hydrogen bonding sites in four pyrazoles compounds and confirmed the hydrogen bonding modes in their crystal structure. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provides information on the results of a study on the threshold dependence on pixel size and cell thickness in a multidomain twisted nematic liquid crystal display (MTN-LCD).

The reactions of tricyanometallate precursors, (Ph3PMe)[(Tp4-Me)Fe(CN)3·0.5CH3CN] (1) (Tp4-Me = tri(4-methyl-pyrazol-1-yl)borate) and (NBu4)[(MeTp)Fe(CN)3] (MeTp = methyltris(pyrazolyl)borate) with the presence of the tetradentate tpa ligand (tpa = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) and Fe(ClO4)2·6H2O afford two new cyano-bridged mixed-valence {FeIII2FeII2} molecular squares: [(Tp4-Me)FeIII(CN)3]2[FeII(tpa)]2·2ClO4·H2O (2·H2O) and [(MeTp)FeIII(CN)3]2[FeII(tpa)]2·2ClO4·CH3OH (3·CH3OH). Solvent-exchange compounds of 3·CH3OH, [(MeTp)FeIII(CN)3]2[FeII(tpa)]2·2ClO4·2H2O (3·2H2O), and their solvent-free form (2 and 3) are also obtained, respectively. The spin crossover (SCO) properties of all compounds are confirmed by detailed structural analyses of the coordination environments of the FeII centres and magnetic susceptibility measurements. All compounds exhibit SCO behaviour near room temperature (T1/2 = 320 K for 2·H2O; 302 K for 2; 292 K for 3·CH3OH; 306 K for 3·2H2O and 290 K for 3) and reversible single-crystal to single-crystal (SC–SC) transformations induced by guest desorption and resorption or solvent exchange. The transition temperature close to room temperature can be tuned by the dehydration and re-hydration processes. The structure–property analysis discloses that the distorted {Fe4(μ-CN)4} core and deviations of bent 〈Fe−N≡C angles play a key role in tuning the transition temperature of these similar mixed-valence {FeIII2FeII2} complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two iron(ii) mononuclear metal complexes with tris(pyridyl)-phosphine sulfides and Fe(ClO 4 ) 2 ·6H 2 O have been synthesized and characterized. Detailed structural analyses and magnetic susceptibility measurements confirm no spin transition from low-spin to the high-spin state between 2 and 300 K in these complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Synthesis of europium (III) complexes with β-diketone ligand and 2,2-dipyridine or 1,10-phenanthroline. [•] Photoluminescence properties of europium (III) complexes. [•] Analysis of the intensity parameters (Ωt ), the lifetime (τ) and the luminescent quantum yield (η). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The β-diketone ligand, 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione (MPPD), and its binary Eu(III) complexes Eu(MPPD)3, ternary complexes Eu(MPPD)3·Bipy with 2,2-dipyridine (Bipy) and Eu(MPPD)3·Phen with 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen) were prepared. The complexes were characterized with by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, UV–vis absorption, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), ESI-MS and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. TGA results showed that these complexes have good thermal stability. The emission spectra for complexes 2–4 exhibited the characteristic emission bands that arise from the 5D0 → 7F J (J =0–4) transitions of the europium ion in solid state and chloroform solution. Based on the emission spectra in solid state, the Eu(III) ion could be sensitized efficiently by the ligands to some extent, in particular, in the ternary system, the secondary ligands Bipy and Phen acting as a light-harvesting center was involved in the highly efficient energy transfer process. In addition, the experimental intensity parameters, Ω 2 and Ω 4 were calculated from the fluorescence emission spectra. The radiative decay rate A rad, the nonradiative rates A nrad, the lifetime (τ) and the luminescent quantum yield (η) were determined and analyzed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Escherichia coli has proved to be a successful host for the expression of many heterologous proteins, and much efforts have been made toward improving recombinant protein expression including the usage of strong promoters and co-expression with chaperones. But little attention was paid on the relation between expression level and function of the target protein. Glycerophosphate oxidase (GPO) is a protein with FAD cofactor (without free cysteine and disulfide bonds).It was observed that the specific activity of GPO dramatically decreased with the increase of inducer IPTG. In addition, the stability of it decreased correspondingly. The structural difference of samples expressed under varying IPTG was investigated using size-exclusion and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, together with CD spectrum. It was found that the conformation of peptide and organization of subunits were not affected. The loss of specific activity and stability were correlated to incomplete attachment of FAD onto GPO. These results revealed that synthesis speed should be controlled either by reduction of IPTG amount or using weak promoters in the production of GPO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A solid phase conjugation process was developed for attachment of polyethylene glycol to hemoglobin molecule. Bovine hemoglobin was loaded onto an ion exchange chromatography column and adsorbed by the solid medium. Succinimidyl carbonate mPEG was introduced in the mobile phase after the adsorption. Pegylation took place between the hemoglobin on the solid phase, and the pegylation reagent in the liquid phase. A further elution was carried out to separate the pegylated and the unpegylated protein. Analysis by HPSEC, SDS-PAGE, and MALLS demonstrated that the fractions eluted from the solid phase contained well-defined components. Pegylated hemoglobin with one PEG chain was obtained with the yield of 75%, in comparison to the yield of 30% in the liquid phase pegylation. The P50 values of the mono-pegylated hemoglobin, prepared with SC-mPEG 5kDa, 10kDa and 20kDa, were 19.97, 20.23 and 20.54 mmHg, which were much closer to the value of red blood cells than that of pegylated hemoglobin prepared with the conventional method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct conjugation of bovine hemoglobin (Hb) and human serum albumin (HSA) with glutaraldehyde would result in a complex mixture of dimers Hb-Hb, Hb-HSA, HSA-HSA and other oligomers. To obtain a high yield of target Hb-HSA, modulation of the reaction environment was carried out. It was found that polyethylene glycol (PEG), a hydrophilic polymer, could improve the yield of Hb-HSA conjugate. The degree of improvement depended on the molecular weight and concentration of PEG. Under optimum condition of 9% (w/v) of PEG 4000, the reaction proceeded in a controlled mode with conversion yield of starting proteins to Hb-HSA increasing from 6% to 30%. The purity was about 88% of the total conjugates. Furthermore, the impurities were mainly tetrameric molecules of two Hb-HSA conjugates. The improvement could be attributed to the "micro-compartment" created by addition of polyethylene glycol, which brings HSA and Hb close together, thus increasing the chance of conjugation between the two molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Although PEGylation is a potential approach to prolong the half-lives and reduce the dosing frequency of therapeutic proteins, conjugation behaviors of polymer have pivotal effects on the remaining bioactivities of the derivatives. In this study, the PEGylation strategy of recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist was investigated. The random conjugation of polyethylene glycol to amino groups on the protein resulted in a severe loss of activity and only retained 9.8% of the activity. In contrast, the PEGylation at the thiol groups had moderate effects on the bioactivity of protein and 40% of activity was conserved. The results suggested that the thiol-target PEGylation was more beneficial for IL-1ra. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine hemoglobin (Hb) conjugate is a promising candidate as a blood substitute. However, preparation of the conjugate is problematic because both proteins tend to conjugate between themselves rather than crosslink each other. In this work, a facile process for conjugation of Hb and HSA was developed through control strategy of the reaction. The reaction was carried out in a buffer containing borax-borate and mannite. The borax-borate was used for pH buffering while mannite was used as a pH switch and a reaction promoter. As a result, self-conjugation of Hb and self-conjugation of HSA were minimized. After the one-step conjugation reaction in aqueous solution, followed by the one-step purification by ion-exchange chromatography, the conjugate of HSA and Hb was obtained with the total yield about 50%. The P 50 and the Hill coefficient for the product were 16.1mmHg and 1.82, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Cyano-bridged mixed-valence {Fe6} hexanuclear complexes {[Tp4-MeFeII(CN)3]2[FeIII(Tpa)]2[FeIII(OR)(Tpa)]2}·6ClO4·S (Tp4-Me = tri(4-methyl-pyrazol-1-yl)borate, Tpa = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine; R = –CH3, S = 8MeOH 1, R = –C2H5, S = 6EtOH 2) have been obtained by building the units of [Tp4-MeFe(CN)3]− and [Fe(Tpa)]2+ in methanol and ethanol, respectively. Complex 1 exhibited single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) transformation to give {[Tp4-MeFeII(CN)3]2[FeIII(Tpa)]2[FeIII(OH)(Tpa)]2}·6ClO4·8H2O (3) in water. Detailed analysis of the coordination environment of the FeIII centers on the square lattice and magnetic susceptibility measurements of all the complexes confirmed their Fe3+ spin-crossover (SCO) properties (T1/2 = 178 K, 1; 185 K, 2; 208 K, 3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One novel cyanide-bridged mixed-valence {FeIII 2 (μ -CN) 4 FeII 2 } square cluster exhibits thermally-induced, reversible, complete spin transition behaviour at two out of four metal centers. • One novel cyano-bridged mixed-valence bimetallic {FeIII 2 (μ -CN) 4 FeII 2 } cluster has been prepared. • The square cluster exhibits thermally-induced, reversible, complete spin transition behavior. One novel cyano-bridged mixed-valence bimetallic {FeIII 2 (μ -CN) 4 FeII 2 } cluster, {[(Tp)FeIII(CN) 3 ] 2 [FeII(Py 2 N 2)] 2 }·(PF 6) 2 (1), has been synthesized (Tp = hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate, Py 2 N 2 = N,N'-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-N,N'-bis(4-benzyl)-1,2-ethanediamine). The molecular structure has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 exhibit temperature driven Fe(II) spin crossover behaviour (SCO) associated with the high-spin (HS) ↔ low-spin (LS) transition with the transition temperature of 130 K at two out of four metal centers. The evolution of HS and LS Fe(II) ions with temperature was followed by FT-IR, X-ray crystallography, the variable temperature magnetic susceptibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigated the effect of nano-calcium silicate hydrate (n-C-S-H) on the early compressive strength of mineral powder-cement systems under low-temperature curing conditions (5 °C). The hydration mechanism of n-C-S-H in the mineral powder-cement system at different dosages was analyzed by combining it with XRD, DSC-TG, MIP, and other techniques. The results show that n-C-S-H significantly enhances the early compressive strength of the mineral powder-cement system under low-temperature curing conditions, with optimal results observed at a dosage of 1.0% (mass fraction). The XRD, DSC-TG, and MIP tests reveal that n-C-S-H promotes the hydration of the mineral powder cement, accelerates the generation rate of hydration products, reduces the porosity of the hardened mineral powder-cement slurry, and improves the system's density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We reported the synthesis of tris(pyridyl)phosphine selenide (TppSe) and tris(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)phosphine selenide (MeTppSe), which were prepared by a simple and straightforward one-pot method with red phosphorus in a KOH/DMSO suspension, and treatment of resulted phosphines with selenium in hot toluene. These compounds were characterized by mass spectroscopy, 1H, 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopies and the structure of MeTppSe was characterised by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, The reactions of selenides with Fe(ClO4)2·6H2O afforded two new iron(II) mononuclear metal complexes [Fe(TppSe)2][ClO4]2·3DMF (1) and [Fe(MeTppSe)2][ClO4]2·2DMF (2). Detailed structural analyses and magnetic susceptibility measurements confirm no spin transition from low-spin to the high-spin state between 2 and 300 K in two iron(II) complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under solvothermal conditions, one new CdII coordination polymer [Cd(bbimc)(ata)]n (1)] based on carbazole ligand 3,6-bis(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)-9-methyl-9H-carbazole (bbimc) and 2-aminoterephthalic acid ligand (H2ata) was synthesized. Single-crystal structural determination revealed that 1 takes a two-dimensional (2D) structure with an sql topology. In particular, 1 shows good thermal (413 °C) and excellent acid/base stability in aqueous solutions with pH values of 1–13. Furthermore, 1 could selectively detect Hg2+, Fe3+, and antibiotics (TC: tetracycline; CTC: chlortetracycline) in aqueous solutions with high selectivity and sensitivity through a turn-off effect, and the detection limits are 0.246 μM (Hg2+), 0.342 μM (Fe3+), 0.208 μM (TC), and 0.307 μM (CTC). Moreover, the detection mechanism analysis by experiment and theoretical calculation revealed that competitive absorption (CA) and photoinduced electron transfer (PET) are largely responsible for sensing Fe3+ and the two antibiotics (TC, CTC). However, the weak interaction between Hg2+ and –NH2 of the framework structure contributes to partial luminescence quenching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of luminescent metal–organic frameworks for effective sensing and monitoring of environmental pollutants is of great significance for human health and environmental protection. In this work, a novel water-stable ZnII-based luminescent coordination polymer, namely {[Zn(BBDF)(ATP)]·2DMF·3H2O}n ((BBDF = 2,7-bis(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene) and H2ATP = 2-aminoterephthalic acid), was designed and obtained using the mixed-ligand method. Structural analysis indicated that 1 presents a two-fold interpenetrated two-dimensional layer structure with one dimensional (1D) channels along the a axis. Intriguingly, the uncoordinated –NH2 group was danged onto the pore walls of 1. Remarkably, compound 1 shows good aqueous stability at different pH values of 3–13 and exhibits a fluorescence turn-off sensing behavior for Hg2+, Cr2O72−, CrO42−, and antibiotics (NFZ, NFT) in aqueous solution with high selectivity and sensitivity. The limits of detection (LOD) are 0.12 μM (Hg2+), 0.17 μM (Cr2O72−), 0.21 μM (CrO42−), 0.098 μM (NFZ), and 0.14 μM (NFT). The luminescence quenching mechanism analysis by experiment and theoretical calculation revealed that the competitive absorption and the photoinduced electron transfer process are largely responsible for the sensing of the two antibiotics, while the weak interaction contributes to the selective luminescence quenching for Hg2+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five new ZnII/CdII coordination polymers (CPs) based on a flexible bis(imidazole) ligand 9,10-bis((2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)anthracene (bmima) with three different aromatic carboxylic acid ligands have been synthesized under solvothermal conditions: {[Cd(bmima)0.5(atp)(H2O)]·DMF·0.5H2O} (CP 1), {[Zn(bmima)(atp)]·DMF} (CP 2), {[Cd(bmima)(bpdc)]·2DMF} (CP 3), and {[M(bmima)0.5(oda)]·DMF·H2O} (M = Zn for CP 4 and Cd for CP 5), (H2atp = 2-aminoterephthalic acid; H2bpdc = [1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid and H2oda = 4,4′-oxydibenzoic acid). CP 1 displays a 3,4-connected TiSc topology 3D framework with vertex symbols of {42·6·102·12}{42·6}. CP 2 and CP 3 both feature 2D layer structures with a five-fold interpenetration framework for CP 3. CP 4 and CP 5 both show a 3D "pillar-layer" structure with pcu α-Po topology. The structural differences of the five CPs may be due to the diverse coordination modes of dicarboxylate ligands and the conformation of flexible N-donor ligands. Moreover, CP 1 and CP 3 are two good fluorescent sensors for the detection of Fe3+, Cr2O72− and TNP. The mechanism of the two sensors shows that the fluorescent sensing process toward Fe3+ and Cr2O72− is mainly attributed to the competitive absorption process, while both competitive absorption and the more efficient FRET mechanism for TNP, respectively, which indicates that CP 1 and CP 3 can serve as two fluorescence sensors to sensitively and selectively detect the presence of Fe3+ and Cr2O72− in water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The structural characteristics of cellulose materials and metal–organic framework materials were reviewed. • The assembly and processing modes of cellulose/metal–organic framework composites were summarized. • The application of cellulose/metal–organic framework composites in adsorption and separation was summarized. • The challenges and future prospects for cellulose/metal–organic framework composites in adsorption and separation were discussed. The exploration of methods to remove harmful pollutants has become inevitable due to the increasing number of industries and the intensification and acceleration of environmental pollution. Therefore, the development of effective adsorption and separation process technologies is essential to ensure environmental remediation. Metal-organic framework (MOF) has attracted great attention in adsorption and separation area due to its large porosity, large specific surface area, tunable pore structure, and high chemical and thermal stability. However, the powder state of MOF results in weak flexibility, manufacturability, and recyclability, severely limiting its application. In this case, the synthesis of MOF composites by in-situ or ex-situ growth with abundant and sustainable cellulose family materials is an effective strategy for stabilizing these MOF species, modulating the assembly behavior of MOF, and expanding the forms of MOF application. Particularly, exciting research activities have emerged ranging from fabrication strategies for cellulose/MOF composites to adsorption and separation applications. In this review, the recent advances in cellulose/MOF composites regarding assembly methods, processing strategies, and adsorption and separation areas are comprehensively summarized. Meanwhile, focusing on the design concept of using cellulose to regulate the assembly behavior of MOF to construct macrostructures, the property characteristics and design principles of cellulose/MOF composites are deeply analyzed with examples. Moreover, the crucial challenges and future perspectives are also meticulously analyzed and discussed. We sincerely hope this review can further promote the research enthusiasm for cellulose/MOF composites in adsorption and separation applications and provide useful references for the design and application strategies of cellulose/MOF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Physical and chemical properties of cellulose and its applications in biomedicine. • Preparation of cellulose-based aerogels, films and fibers for biomedicine. • The application of cellulose-based aerogels, films and fibers in food packaging. • Limitations and future development directions were discussed. Cellulose possesses hydrophilicity, high water retention capacity, excellent mechanical properties, and biocompatibility, making it a promising candidate material for biomedical applications. As a substrate and dispersant used in the preparation of aerogels, films, and fibers, it improves their moisturizing ability, water absorption, drug utilization and slows down the rate of drug release, demonstrating outstanding therapeutic effects in biomedical research. This review summarizes and discusses the latest advancements in the application of cellulose-based aerogels, films, and fibers in the biomedical field. First, the properties of cellulose and its application principles in biomedical materials are analyzed. Second, the methods for preparing cellulose-based aerogels, films, and fibers are summarized, along with their advantages and disadvantages. Then, the latest research progress of cellulose-based aerogels, films, and fibers in drug delivery, wound dressings, and tissue engineering scaffolds is reviewed. Finally, the review concludes with a summary and provides future development directions for the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A membrane adsorber was prepared to combine HCIC with MIT function. • The adsorber was prepared by combining multicomponent reaction with ATRP. • The adsorber shows pH-dependent and salt-tolerant protein uptake. • Surface imprinting greatly increased the selectivity of HCIC membrane adsorber. • The adsorber can effectively isolate IgG from the IgG/BSA mixture. The combination of mixed-mode chromatography (MMC) and molecular imprinting technology (MIT) has been proven to be successful for protein separation, but suffered from cumbersome material preparation and limited performance. In this work, a new modification method marrying atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and multicomponent reaction was proposed to simplify the preparation process. Using regenerated cellulose (RC) membrane as the substrate, immunoglobulin G (IgG) as the template protein and tryptamine as the ligand, a dual-recognition membrane adsorbers (MIM) was prepared by mild Ugi four-component reaction (Ugi-4CR) and surface initiated ATRP. Control the ATRP time is the key for surface imprinting. The static IgG uptake and selectivity of UGI membrane were 45 mg/mL and 1.8, respectively, while those of MIM-0.5 were 42.5 mg/mL and 14, indicating that the introduction of molecular imprinting technology significantly improved the selectivity of the membrane to IgG. The MIM-0.5 membrane retains the pH-dependent and salt-tolerant of HCIC. The dynamic flow-through results showed that the MIM-0.5 membrane could effectively separate IgG from IgG/BSA mixed solution with the purity of 88% and retained its bioactivity. This work demonstrated the feasibility of bonding HCIC and MIT to the membrane surface by Ugi-4CR and ATRP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Fabrication methods of bacterial cellulose/chitosan composites were summarized. • Biomedical applications of bacterial cellulose/chitosan composites were elaborated. • Challenges and perspectives regarding this research topic were discussed. As the demand for green engineered materials in biomedicine continues to grow, attention is turning towards developing sustainable and eco-friendly solutions. Bacterial cellulose (BC), a natural biopolymer, is recognized for its excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, making it a promising material for biomedical uses. However, its lack of antimicrobial properties somewhat restricts its standalone use in medical applications. On the other hand, chitosan (CS), another naturally sourced biopolymer, exhibits strong antimicrobial properties but lacks flexibility. Thus, the strategic innovation involves combining BC and CS to create a novel composite material that amalgamates the advantages of both, thereby expanding the range of applications and enhancing overall performance. This review delves into the latest research and applications of BC/CS composites in areas such as wound dressings, tissue engineering, and drug delivery, examining their preparation methods and current research trends. Lastly, the challenges and future prospects for BC/CS composites in biomedical applications are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Preparation of europium (III) ternary complexes with β-diketone and nitrogen heterocyclic ligands. [•] Photoluminescence behavior of europium (III) ternary complexes. [•] Analysis of the Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters (Ωt ), the lifetime (τ) and the luminescent quantum yield (η). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We discuss stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) under the convective instability condition with a one-dimensional three-wave interaction (3WI) model. Using linear theory, we deduce the temporal growth rate, gain exponent, and reflectivity of the backward scattered wave in a finite interaction region. We find that the growth rate is not only determined by the laser intensity and plasma density and temperature, but also related to the spatial gain. The length of the interaction region is important to the gain exponent and backscattering level. We simulate the developments and evolutions of SRS and SBS based on the 3WI equations. Our numerical results consist with the linear theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coupling evolutions of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and Raman rescattering (re-SRS) are investigated under the parameter conditions of relevance to the gas-filled hohlraum experiments at the National Ignition Facility by using the nonenveloped fluid code FLAME. It is found that re-SRS works as a frequency filter of the backscattered light of SRS in the gas region. The low frequency modes of scattered light originated from a higher density region would stimulate re-SRS and be heavily depleted by re-SRS near the region of their quarter critical density. The energy in daughter waves of re-SRS is deposited in the gas plasmas. The large amplitude of the daughter Langmuir wave of re-SRS would stimulate cascade Langmuir decay instabilities and induce obvious low frequency density modulations, which can further result in the inflation of high frequency modes of scattered light of SRS at densities lower than the growth region of re-SRS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impurity element doping is extensively taken as one of the most efficient strategies to regulate the electronic structure as well as the rate of photogenerated charge separation of photocatalysts. Herein, a one-pot hydrothermal synthesis process was exploited to obtain La-doped ZnIn2S4 microspheres, aiming at gaining insight into the role that doping ions played in the improvement of pollutant photodegradation. Systematical characterization means, comprising of X–ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) diffuse reflection spectroscopy and Raman spectra, combination with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), were employed to in depth reveal the concomitancy of La ions and ZnIn2S4 crystal lattice. The results showed that the La-doped ZnIn2S4 samples exhibited a slightly wider and stronger spectral absorption than pristine ZnIn2S4; and the specific surface area of doped ZnIn2S4 samples was a bit larger. The La-doped ZnIn2S4 electrodes showed improved photocurrent response, and the photocurrent density reached a maximum value at La content of 1.5 wt%. As expected, La-doped ZnIn2S4 samples exhibited a remarkable enhancement of photocatalytic behaviour toward the photodegradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) and methyl orange (MO). The prominently enhanced photoactivity of doped ZnIn2S4 samples was due to the synergistic effect of the elevated visible-light absorption ability and effective photogenerated charge carriers' separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-order harmonic generation provides an opportunity for generating intense extreme ultraviolet attosecond pulses, which is useful to explore the property of materials. Transmitted radiation emitted by an ultrathin target illuminated by intense lasers is a promising way to generate such pulses. We show that the preplasma density gradient has an important influence on the transmitted radiation. An optimal scale length exists to support ultrathin nanobunches to generate coherent synchrotron emission and thus enormously enhance the radiation. Particle in cell simulations suggest that the optimal scale length depends on the laser intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bright extreme ultraviolet (XUV) sources with elliptical polarization are powerful tools for investigating the electronic and magnetic properties of materials. Here we show that in the regime of relativistic electrons spring, it is possible to generate a source of elliptically polarized attosecond XUV pulses by a circularly polarized laser pulse interacting with near-critical density plasmas. Particle-in-cell simulations indicate that compared with a conventional overdense plasma regime, the attosecond pulse intensity may be increased by up to one order of magnitude in a near-critical density plasma system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Two carbazole-based ZnII/CdII-CPs with different structures were synthesized. • Two CPs both possess high sensitive detectability in sensing Cr 2 O 7 2−, CrO 4 2− and tetracyclines in water. • CA and PET progress contributed to luminescence quenching processes. Two new ZnII/CdII luminescent coordination polymers (CPs) based on the V-shaped bis(imidazole) ligand 3,6-bis (1 H -benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)-9-methyl-9 H -carbazole (bbimc) with [1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid ligand (H 2 bpdc) have been synthesized under solvothermal conditions: {[Zn(bbimc)(bpdc)]·DMF·2.5H 2 O} (CP 1), {[Cd(bbimc)(bpdc)]·2DMF} (CP 2). CP 1 and CP 2 both display a uninodal 4-c unimodal sql topology 2D framework with vertex symbols of {44·62}. In addition, the two identical 2D nets of CP 2 were interpenetrated each other to form a 2D + 2D → 3D and generate a 2-fold interpenetrating architecture. Moreover, sensing investigations of CP 1 and CP 2 revealed that both of compounds can be used as a highly sensitive and selective multi-responsive luminescent sensor for sensing Cr 2 O 7 2−, CrO 4 2− and antibiotics (TC: Tetracycline; CTC: Chlortetracycline) in H 2 O by exhibiting fluorescence quenching with significant quenching constants (K sv = 1.369 × 104 M−1 (Cr 2 O 7 2−), 2.003 × 104 M−1 (CrO 4 2−), 5.343 × 104 M−1 (TC), 8.706 × 104 M−1 (CTC) for CP 1 and 4.452 × 104 M−1 (Cr 2 O 7 2−), 2.119 × 104 M−1 (CrO 4 2−), 4.175 × 104 M−1 (TC), 1.257 × 105 M−1 (CTC) for CP 2). The detection limit are 0.67 μM (Cr 2 O 7 2−), 0.48 μM (Cr 2 O 7 2−), 0.23 μM (TC), 0.14 μM (CTC) for CP 1 and 0.28 μM (Cr 2 O 7 2−), 0.54 μM (CrO 4 2−), 0.31 μM (TC), 0.098 μM (CTC) for CP 2 , respectively. In addition, the probable fluorescence quenching mechanism was studied through experiment and theoretical calculation and the co-existance of competitive absorption (CA) and photoinduced electron transfer (PET) progress contributed to such sensing processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new CdII coordination polymers (CPs) based on a new flexible large π-electron-rich bis(pyridinyl-imidazole) ligand 9,10-bis((2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1 H -imidazole-1-yl)methyl)anthracene (bpima) have been synthesized under solvothermal conditions using a mixed-ligand strategy: {[Cd(bpima) 0.5 (nda)(H 2 O)]·DMF} (CP 1), {[Cd(bpima) 0.5 (oba)]·DMF·2H 2 O} (CP 2), {[Cd(bpima) 0.5 (ipa)(H 2 O)]·DMF·2H 2 O} (CP 3), (H 2 nda = naphthalene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid; H 2 oba = 4,4′-oxydibenzoic acid and H 2 ipa = 5-(tert -butyl)isophthalic acid). CP 1 and CP 2 both feature 2D layer structures with hcb and sql topology, respectively. CP 3 shows 1D ladder-like double-chain structure. In additional, luminescent properties of CP 1 and CP 3 have been systematically investigated and demonstrated multi-responsive luminescent sensitivities. Two compounds can be used for detection of Cr 2 O 7 2− and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) with high sensitivity (High quenching efficiency K sv : for Cr 2 O 7 2−: 5.07 × 104 M−1 for CP 1 and 7.38 × 104 M−1 for CP 2 ; for TNP: 4.87 × 104 M−1 for CP 1 and 5.13 × 104 M−1 for CP 2. low detection limit values: for Cr 2 O 7 2−: 0.56 μM for CP 1 and 0.38 μM for CP 2 ; for TNP: 0.63 μM for CP 1 and 0.52 μM for CP 2) and as well as good recyclability. In addition, the sensing mechanism for Cr 2 O 7 2− and TNP is also discussed by experimental studies and theory calculations, which was attributed to the co-existence of competitive absorption (CA), fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and photoinduced electron transfer (PET) progress for TNP and CA progress for Cr 2 O 7 2−, respectively. Moreover, simple fluorescent filter paper based on CP 1 has been developed to achieve detection of Cr 2 O 7 2− and TNP via the unaided eye, which has great potential for practical applications. • Three new anthracene-based CdII-CPs with different structures were synthesized. • Two CPs both possess high sensitive detectability in sensing Cr 2 O 7 2− and TNP in water. • CA, PET and FRET progress contributed to luminescence quenching processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the laser plasma instabilities (LPIs) in the context of some novel six-side laser-driven indirect designs like the six-cylinder-port hohlraum and the three-axis cylindrical hohlraum, where the laser beams inject in hohlraum with a large angle. LPI experiments in cylindrical hohlraum with only outer beams were designed and performed based on the current laser arrangement condition of SGIII laser facility for the first time. Stimulated Brillouin backscatter (SBS) was found to be the dominant instability with high instantaneous reflectivity in experiments. A typical feature was obtained in the time-resolved spectra of SBS, which maintained similar for different laser intensities of the interaction beam. The experimental data are analyzed by the hydrodynamic simulations combined with HLIP code, which is based on the ray-tracing model. By analysis of experimental data, it is argued that the mixture of gas and Au in the region of their interface is important to SBS, which indicates the need for the mixture model between the filled gas and the high Z plasma from hohlraum wall in the hydrodynamic simulations. Nonlinear saturation of SBS as well as the smoothed beam are also discussed here. Our effective considerations of the ions pervasion effect and the smoothed beam provide utilitarian ways for improvement of the current ray-tracing method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring the interaction behaviors of network traffic flows and detecting unwanted Internet applications and anomalous flows have become more challenging, since many applications obfuscate their network flow by using unregistered port numbers or payload encryption. In this paper, the temporal locality complex network model—TLCN is proposed as a way to monitor, analyze and visualize network flows. In TLCN, the TLCN node/edge filtering mechanisms are provided to describe the interactions of different levels of flows, and a method of temporal locality window determination is designed for constructing an effective TLCN structure to flow interactions. Then, the statistical characteristics and dynamic behaviors of the TLCNs are studied to represent the ability of structure representing of TLCN to flow interactions. According to the analysis of TLCN statistical characteristics with different Internet applications, we found that the weak interaction flows prefer to form the small-world TLCN and the strong interaction flows prefer to the scale-free. In the studies of anomaly behaviors of TLCNs, the structure of attacked TLCNs can have a remarkable feature for three attack patterns, and the evolution of TLCNs exhibits a good consistency between TLCN structure and attack process. With the findings of TLCNs, we could develop novel methods for traffic classification and traffic anomaly detection based on flow interaction behaviors. • A temporal locality complex network model is proposed. • The statistical characteristics of our model can determine Internet applications. • Our models from weak-and strong-interaction flows are proved to be small-world and scale-free separately. • The model structures from different attack patterns are analyzed. • The evolution of our model reveals attack behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three polypyridine ligands such as tri(2-pyridyl)methane, (2,2 ' -bipyridin-6-yl)di(2-pyridyl)methane and 2,6-bis[di(2-pyridyl)methyl] pyridine as well as their new iron(II) mononuclear complexes have been obtained in a one-pot synthesis. Detailed structural analyses and magnetic susceptibility measurements confirm the expected six-coordinate octahedral geometry and the metric parameters are consistent with lowspin iron(II) in the complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Inulin, a plant-source polysaccharide, was cross-linked and evaluated as a new potential plasma expander in vitro and in vivo. The cross-linked inulin (CLI) in three different molecular sizes (54, 100 and 146kDa) was characterized by gel filtration chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering. Their in vivo physiological properties, including blood pressure and organ function, were tested in a rabbit model. Compared to the other two CLI samples, the CLI2 with a molecular weight (M w) of 100kDa is advisable as a potential plasma expander for its strong expansion efficacy and no organ dysfunction. Moreover, CLI2 showed a high colloid osmotic pressure (COP) where the COP of 3% CLI2 is equal to that of 6% HES. Thus, much less CLI2 can be infused with the same effects as normal HES, and its potential side effects can be minimized. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The preparation of high lignin content hydrogels with good mechanical and multifunctional properties remains a huge challenge. In this study, a novel polymer-nanoparticle hydrogel was developed by a covalent crosslinking strategy, which not only preserved the characteristics of nanoparticles but also gives them good mechanical properties. Herein, lignin-silver nanoparticles (Lig-Ag NPs) were prepared from industrial lignin starting material and crosslinked into hydrogel with poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether. The obtained hydrogel (Lig-Ag NPs/PEG, LANP) exhibited good mechanical properties (elongation at break 53%, tensile strength 94.67 kPa, toughness 277.32 kJ m−3), adhesiveness, conductivity, pressure- and pH-stimuli-responsiveness, which benefited from the appropriate degree of crosslink, the generated catechol groups and redox-active quinone/semiquinone free radicals from Lig-Ag NPs. These functional properties can also be tuned by the contents of Lig-Ag NPs. Based on the above properties, a LANP sensor was assembled and showed good application for pressure- and pH-monitoring. This work provides a green and facile strategy of lignin valorization towards new multi-functional and smart applications. • Lignin-silver nanoparticles/PEG hydrogel (LANP) was fabricated by covalent bonds. • The mechanical properties of LANP can be tuned and improved by Lig-Ag NPs. • LANP has good adhesiveness, pressure sensitivity, and pH-stimuli-responsiveness. • LANP showed good application for pressure- and pH-monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Green and non-toxic cellulose as the carbonaceous material for C-doping. • Combination of hydrothermal impregnation, calcination, and self-assembly. • Porous structure and superior high specific area of H-g-C 3 N 4 /WO 3. • Good photocatalytic performance of H-g-C 3 N 4 /WO 3 for tetracycline degradation. The preparation of heteroatom doping heterojunction photocatalysts with nontoxic carbonaceous materials and simple method still remains a challenge. Herein, ternary Z-scheme C-doped graphitic carbon nitride/tungsten oxide (C-doped g-C 3 N 4 /WO 3) was successfully fabricated via the hydrothermal impregnation with cellulose nanocrystal, high-temperature calcination, and electrostatic self-assembly with WO 3 nanocuboids in turns. Benefiting from the porous structure, high specific areas (57.20 m2 g−1), C-substitution, and the formation of Z-scheme heterojunction, the resulting photocatalyst exhibited narrower band-gap, enhanced visible-light absorption and separation of charge carrier, faster interfacial charge transfer, good oxidation/reduction capacities, and thus improved the photocatalytic activity performance. As such, this investigation will provide an effective route for not only incorporating semiconductors and heteroatoms into g-C 3 N 4 but also developing more heterojunction with markedly improved photocatalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]