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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death in China. Little is known about the CVD burden and risk factors in Henan Province, China. To analyze the CVD burden and main risk factors between 1990 and 2017 in the Henan Province in China. The methodological framework and analytical strategies adopted in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 were used. (1) Age-standardized mortality rate attributed to CVDs increased from 355.0 per 100,000 persons in 1990 to 364.1 per 100,000 persons in 2017 in Henan. (2) Age-standardized disability adjusted life years (DALYs) rate fell by 3.9% from 1990 to 2017. However, the number of DALYs attributed to CVDs increased by 75.9% from 4.2 million person-years in 1990 to 7.3 million person-years in 2017. (3) The age-standardized years lived with disability (YLDs) rate increased by 27.5% from 1990 to 2017. However, years of life lost (YLLs) rate decreased by 6.7% from 1990 to 2017. The contribution of YLLs to the DALYs decreased from 91.4% in 1990 to 89.2% in 2017. (4) Stroke (52.3%) and ischemic heart diseases (38.8%) accounted for 91.1% of total CVDs DALYs among adults in 2017. (5) Dietary factors such as high intake of sodium, alcohol use and low intake of fruits, high systolic blood pressure, and tobacco use were the top risk factors for CVDs, and the estimated population attributable fraction in 2017 was 69.4%, 56.7% and 25.2%, respectively. The absolute burden of CVDs in Henan is still high, although age-standardized DALYs declined between 1990 and 2017. The prevention and control of stroke and ischemic heart diseases should focus on a few modifiable risk factors which mainly contributed to the burden of CVDs, such as dietary factors, high systolic blood pressure, and tobacco use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• New power law of velocity distribution is established on vegetated riverbed. • New formula of Darcy–Weisbach coefficient of flexible vegetated flow is derived. • New relationship between Darcy–Weisbach coefficient with power law index is built. • New expression for morphological response of vegetation is given. Hydrodynamics affected by vegetation in channel is one of the hot topics in ecological hydraulics. Flexible vegetation plays an important role in natural flow region, which changes flow structure and affects the transport of pollutants. Therefore, it is important to illustrate the physical process of the interaction between water flow and morphological response of flexible vegetation. Due to the complex resistance characteristics of flexible vegetation, the simulation of velocity distribution is more complicated. In this paper, velocity distribution in the form of Bessel function is derived by solving the governing equation based on linear resistance-velocity expression of flexible vegetation. Meanwhile, a new power law of velocity distribution is established by adopting the concept of vegetated riverbed. Moreover, a new expression of Darcy–Weisbach friction is derived for flow with flexible vegetation, and the relationship between vegetation bending angle and hydraulic parameters is given. Quantitative relationship between the power law index and the Darcy–Weisbach friction coefficient in the free surface layer is derived for flexible vegetated flow. This research reveals the velocity distribution characteristics under the influence of flexible vegetation and the resistance features on vegetated riverbed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Europium complexes with o -nitrobenzoic acid ( o -NBA), m -nitrobenzoic acid ( m -NBA) and p -nitrobenzoic acid ( p -NBA) were synthesized. Elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy show that the compositions of the complexes are Eu( o -NBA) 3 ·4H 2 O, Eu( m -NBA) 3 ·4H 2 O and Eu( p -NBA) 3 ·4H 2 O, respectively, and the europium ions coordinate with the carboxyl oxygen atoms of nitro-benzoates. Ag@SiO 2 nanoparticles with different core size (32 nm, 49 nm and 72 nm) and varied silica shell thickness (5 nm, 15 nm, 19 nm, 25 nm and 53 nm) were prepared. The influence of these nanoparticles with different addition amounts (50 μL, 100 μL, 150 μL, 200 μL and 250 μL) on the luminescence properties of the europium complexes in solution were investigated, respectively. The results show that the luminescence intensities of the europium complexes are enhanced remarkably after the introduction of Ag@SiO 2 nanoparticles. The fluorescence enhancement factors depend on the addition amount, shell thickness and core size of the Ag@SiO 2 nanoparticles. Moreover, the fluorescence enhancement factors vary for the europium complexes with different ligands. The enhancement factors for the complex Eu( o -NBA) 3 ·4H 2 O can reach as high as 3.1. The investigations indicate that the enhancement effect on the europium complexes mainly results from the surface plasmon resonance of the Ag@SiO 2 nanoparticles. Besides, the introduction of Ag@SiO 2 nanoparticles is also able to elongate the fluorescence lifetimes and increase the quantum efficiencies of the europium complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Several ternary complexes of rare earth ions (RE3+ = Sm3+, Eu3+, Tb3+, Dy3+) with benzoic acid and a neutral ligand 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ) have been synthesized. The crystal structure of the [Eu(C6H5COO)3(TPTZ)(H2O)]2·2C2H5OH·1.25H2O complex was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and it is characteristic of triclinic with P−1 space group. Especially, the crystal has two types of coordination environment. One is mononuclear and the other is dinuclear. Each europium ion is nine-coordinately bonded to three nitrogen atoms of TPTZ, five oxygen atoms of three benzoic ions and one oxygen atom of water molecule. Furthermore, there exist three coordinate forms between C6H5COO− and Eu3+ ions in the crystal. One is chelating bidentate (two oxygen atoms), another is bridge coordinating (two oxygen atoms) and the other is monodentate (one oxygen atom). The compositions of these ternary complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, rare earth coordination titration, molar conductivity measurement, 1H NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. The luminescence spectra and luminescence decay time were then studied. The luminescence intensities of the ternary complexes may result from the antenna effect of TPTZ and benzoic acid ligands as well as the reduce of solvent-quenching effect. Moreover, these ternary complexes exhibited superior antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• New hyperbolic tangent formula for vegetated mixing layer is proposed. • A formula to predict flow velocity at vegetation top is built. • These new formulae are proved to be effective for various types of vegetation. Flow velocity profile in the vegetal mixing layer was investigated using data collected in the present experiments and those reported in the literature, which indicates that the inflection point of the velocity profile does not coincide with the middle position of the vegetal mixing layer. Aiming to solve this problem, the hyperbolic tangent formula that is applicable to the plane mixing layer is modified by revising the inflection point and applying different characteristic scales in the free flow and penetration regions. For the problem of predicting flow velocity on top of vegetation, we constructed a new calculation method for flow velocity on top of vegetation based on correlation analysis. The proposed formula yields significant improvements in representing measured velocity profiles in the vegetated open channel flows. In comparison with previous ones, the modified formula performs better in exhibiting the similarity of measured velocity profiles over a wide range of flow and vegetation conditions. The research results provide technical support for the high precision calculation of the vegetated mixing layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) are a class of new pollutants that are diffusely used in the medical industry and animal husbandry. In view of toxicity concerns, elevated levels of EEDs in the environment and food, which cause potential harm to human beings and ecosystems, must be monitored. Determination of EEDs contaminants to ensure environment and food safety has became a major concern worldwide, it is also a challenging task because of their trace level and probable matrices interference. Thus, developing rapid adsorption and efficient analysis methods for EEDs is apparently necessary. A magnetic conjugated micro-porous polymer (Fe 3 O 4 @TbDt) was designed and synthesized, which was endowed with large specific surface area, rich functional groups and magnetic responsiveness. The material showed high extraction efficiency for EEDs via magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE). The quantum chemistry calculations showed the adsorption mechanism of Fe 3 O 4 @TbDt on EEDs mainly included electrostatic interactions, van der waals forces (N–H ... π interaction, C–H ... π interaction), and multiple hydrogen bonds. Finally, a trace analysis method for nine EEDs was established combined with HPLC-MS/MS under optimized MSPE conditions. The method showed a good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.996), low limits of detection (0.25–5.1 ng L−1), high precision (RSD of 1.1–8.2 %, n = 6). The applicability of this method was investigated by analyzing four water samples and two dairy products, and satisfactory recovery rates (82.1–100.7 %) were obtained. The proposed method showed the potential for the analysis of EEDs residues in food and environmental samples. The developed MSPE method based on conjugated micro-porous polymers (CMPs) is simple, green, and efficient compared to existing techniques. The application of CMPs provides a new idea for preparing versatile sample pre-treatment materials. What's more, this work has certain reference value for addressing of EEDs residues in the environment and food. [Display omitted] • A novel conjugated micro-porous polymer (Fe 3 O 4 @TbDt) was successfully fabricated. • Fe 3 O 4 @TbDt showed high adsorption capacity for environmental endocrine disruptors. • Possible adsorption mechanism was discussed by density functional theory calculation. • An effective method to quantify environmental endocrine disruptors was established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To retrospectively investigate the nutritional risk and nutritional support treatments hospitalized patients with gastric cancer in Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, from January 1, 1998 to June 30, 2011. Methods The questionnaire of NRS2002 was used to screen the nutritional risk in patients with gastric cancer, and investigate the nutritional support treatment in these patients. Results (1) A total of 320 patients with gastric cancer had nutritional risk. (2) The levels of serum albumin were not always lower in those patients with nutritional risk; the proportion of these patients with lower normal body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher than those patients without nutritional risk, while some patients with nutritional risk had normal body ma index (BMI); There was no statistical significant difference in nutritional risk between different genders (P = 0.149); There was statistical significant difference in nutritional risk between different TNM stages (P = 0.030), and between different ages (< 60 vs. ≥ = 60 years P = 0.009) .43% patients with nutritional risk were not given nutrition support treatment, but 10% patients without nutritional risk accepted nutrition support treatment. The main ways of nutrition support treatment were parenteral nutrition (PN), enteral nutrition (EN), or parenteral nutrition and enteral nutrition (PN + EN). Conclusions (1) The hospitalized patients with gastric cancer have high incidence of nutritional risk and nutritional risk screening should be usually used to those patients. (2) The levels of serum protein and BMI can't predict nutritional risk. Aged and advanced stage patients have higher incidence of nutritional risk. (3) Nutrition support treatment remains to be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) was developed as a novel minimally invasive surgical approach. Aims: The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare SILS and conventional laparoscopy (CL) for colorectal diseases with respect to perioperative and oncologic outcomes. Methods: An electronic search was performed to retrieve all relevant articles published in the English language between 2008 and 2012 comparing SILS and CL for colorectal diseases. The data were analyzed with fixed-effect or random-effects models using review manager version 5.0. Results: A total of 14 studies (one randomized controlled trial and 13 nonrandomized controlled trials) were found to be eligible and reported on 1,155 subjects, of whom 521 underwent SILS and 634 underwent CL for colorectal diseases. Concerning the perioperative outcomes, no differences were observed in conversion rate, operating time, and postoperative adverse events; however, patients who underwent SILS had lower blood loss, decreased blood transfusion requirement, shorter time to flatus, shorter hospital stay, and smaller incision. Concerning the oncologic outcomes, length of resected specimens, number of harvested lymph nodes, proximal margin, and distal margin, were comparable between two groups. Conclusions: Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) is a safe, feasible, and oncological efficient alternative to CL for colorectal diseases. Further larger, multi-centred, randomised controlled trial is indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) remains to be established as a safe and effective alternative to open liver resection (OLR) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Aims: The aim of this meta-analysis is to compare laparoscopic versus open resection for HCC with regard to perioperative and oncologic outcomes. Methods: A literature search was performed to identify comparative studies reporting outcomes for both laparoscopic and open resection for HCC. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and weighted mean differences (WMD with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using either the fixed effects model or random effects model. Results: Ten nonrandomized controlled studies matched the selection criteria and reported on 494 subjects, of whom 213 underwent LLR and 281 underwent OLR for HCC. Compared with the perioperative results of open surgery, reports on laparoscopic resection indicate potentially favourable outcomes in terms of operative blood loss (WMD: −160.57, 95% CI: −246.49 to −74.66), blood transfusion requirement (OR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.86), postoperative morbidity (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.29 to 0.78), and length of hospital stay (WMD: −5.53, 95% CI: −7.89 to −3.16). Concerning the oncologic outcomes, there was no difference between groups in surgical margin, overall survival and disease-free survival. Conclusions: LLR for HCC is superior to the OLR in terms of its perioperative results and does not compromise the oncological outcomes. Therefore, LLR may be an alternative choice for treatment of HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has increased in China. However, the contribution of dietary risks to the NCD burden has not been evaluated. This study aimed to estimate the burden of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) attributable to a diet low in fiber in China from 1990 to 2017. Methods: China data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2017 were used to assess the age-, sex-, and province-specific mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of IHD and CRC related to a diet low in fiber. Results: In 2017, a diet low in fiber contributed 170,143 [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 99,623–256,806] IHD deaths and 25,561 (95% UI: 13,726–39,215) CRC deaths, with the population attributable fractions (PAFs) were 9.7 and 13.7%, respectively. Males had higher risk-attributable mortality and DALY rates for IHD and CRC than females. An upward trend with age in rates of mortality and DALY was observed. All-age risk-attributable mortality and DALY rates increased significantly by 111.4 and 53.2% for IHD, and 94.4 and 59.6% for CRC from 1990 to 2017, respectively; however, the corresponding age-standardized rates for IHD and CRC showed relatively stable trends. Heilongjiang, Xinjiang, and Inner Mongolia were ranked as the top three provinces in terms of total risk-attributable NCD burden in 2017. Conclusions: China has a large and growing NCD burden attributable to a diet low in fiber. Greater priority in disease prevention and control should be given to male and older adults throughout China, particularly in some western provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microporous organic networks (MONs) are highly porous materials that are particularly useful in analytical chemistry. However, the use of these materials is often limited by the functional groups available on their surface. Here, we described the polymerization of a sea urchin-like structure material at ambient temperature, that was functionalized with hydroxyl, carboxyl, and triazine groups and denoted as OH-COOH-MON-TEPT. A substantial proportion of OH-COOH-MON-TEPT was intricately decorated EDA-Fe 3 O 4 , creating a well-designed configuration (EDA-Fe 3 O 4 @OH-COOH-MON-TEPT-EDC) for superior adsorption of the target analytes phenylurea herbicides (PUHs) via magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE). The proposed method showed remarkably low limits of detection ranging from 0.03 to 0.22 ng·L−1. Experimental investigations and theoretical analyses unveiled the adsorption mode between EDA-Fe 3 O 4 @OH-COOH-MON-TEPT-EDC and PUHs. These findings establish a robust foundation for potential applications of EDA-Fe 3 O 4 @OH-COOH-MON-TEPT-EDC in the analysis of various polar contaminants. [Display omitted] • Hydroxylated triazine-based magnetic MON was fabricated, suitable for MSPE of PUHs. • Triazine-modulated MON featured high S BET and ultrasensitive adsorption for PUHs. • Adsorption mechanism of PUHs on MON was certified by DFT, XPS and selectivity tests. • A reliable MSPE method was established for PUHs determination in complex matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The incidence and burden of stroke in China is increasing rapidly. However, little is known about trends in mortality during stroke hospitalization. The objectives of this study were to assess trends of in-hospital mortality among patients with stroke and explore influence factors of in-hospital death after stroke in China. Methods: 109 grade III class A hospitals were sampled by multistage stratified cluster sampling. All patients admitted to hospitals between 2007 and 2010 with a discharge diagnosis of stroke were included. Trends in in-hospital mortality among patients with stroke were assessed. Influence factors of in-hospital death after stroke were explored using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Overall stroke hospitalizations increased from 79,894 in 2007 to 85,475 in 2010, and in-hospital mortality of stroke decreased from 3.16% to 2.30% (P<0.0001). The percentage of severe patients increased while odds of mortality (2010 versus 2007) decreased regardless of stroke type: subarachnoid hemorrhage (OR 0.792, 95% CI = 0.636 to 0.987), intracerebral hemorrhage (OR 0.647, 95% CI = 0.591 to 0.708), and ischemic stroke (OR 0.588, 95% CI = 0.532 to 0.649). In multivariable analyses, older age, male, basic health insurance, multiple comorbidities and severity of disease were linked to higher odds of in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: The mortality of stroke hospitalizations decreased likely reflecting advancements in stroke care and prevention. Decreasing of mortality with increasing of severe stroke patients indicated that we should pay more attention to rehabilitation and life quality of stroke patients. Specific individual and hospital-level characteristics may be targets for facilitating further declines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To investigate the relationship between obesity and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in a randomly selected Chinese sample. Methods: A total of 3600 residents aged 18–80 years were sampled in five cities of China using a randomized stratified multiple-stage sampling method to receive the interview, with a self-completed questionnaire to collect demographic information, and the Mandarin version of Short Form 36 Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36) to assess HRQL, followed by height and weight measurements for calculating body mass index (BMI). Cross-sectional association between BMI and HRQL was analysed. Results: Among the 3207 participants (mean age 42 years) suitable for analysis, BMI differed by age and gender. Based on the international or the Asian BMI categories, in women, meaningful impairments were seen between obese and normal weight participants in four physical health scales, and only one scale of the four mental health scales—vitality scale was affected by obesity; in men, impairments by obesity were not found in all of the eight SF-36 scales, and better HRQL in two mental health scales were observed in obese participants compared to normal weight ones; after adjusting related variables, several physical but not mental health scales were found impaired by obesity. Conclusion: Obesity impaired physical but not mental health, and the impairments varied between genders. Public health agencies and government should emphasize the impairments of obesity on physical health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The current study aimed at undertaking an investigation to describe health-related quality of life (HRQL) in Chinese people, with a Mandarin version of the 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) validated. Methods: A total of 3,219 respondents were successfully interviewed under a randomized stratified multi-stage sampling design from April 2007 to January 2008 in five cities of mainland China. Self-finished interview method was applied and the Mandarin version of SF-36 was used for assessing HRQL. Results: As a result, the reliability and validity of SF-36 were acceptable, although some deviations from the hypothesized model still existed. The Chinese population scored higher than other populations in five of the eight SF-36 scales and Chinese men scored higher than women in six of the eight SF-36 scales. Conclusions: Basically, the Mandarin version of SF-36 is a reliable instrument, although minor modifications are needed. The health-related quality of life in Chinese people were quite high based on the sample of five cities in China; further research is needed to establish the countrywide norm of health-related quality of life in mainland China. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

• A novel N/O functional reticulated TAPT-DMTA-COF was prepared. • PBDEs are captured by electronegative N/O atoms of TAPT-DMTA-COF by halogen bond. • An in-depth understanding of adsorption mechanism was elucidated by DFT study. • This d-SPE technique was used to quantify PBEDs in environmental and food samples. Food and environmental safety issues attributable to the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are gaining increasing attention, and these urge us to establish a high-performance sample-handling technique. In this study, an outstanding adsorption performance with short adsorption time (10 min) was achieved for PBDEs using a novel synthesized dispersive solid-phase extraction adsorbent, a reticulated covalent organic framework with N/O functional groups (i.e., imine linkage, triazine, and methoxy) (TAPT–DMTA–COF). By conducting sufficient experimentation and theoretical simulation on adsorption mechanism, the halogen bond between electronegative N/O atoms of TAPT–DMTA–COF and the electropositive Br atoms of PBDEs were observed to play a more pivotal role than π–π, C–H...π interactions, and hydrophobic effects. Furthermore, the positive linear relation between calculated adsorption energy and Br content directly clarified that enrichment behavior of PBDEs can be attributed to halogen bonding. These data implied that integrated nanostructure (i.e., N/O functional groups and reticulated architecture) effectively enhanced adsorption capacity. In case of PBDE analysis, this approach achieved excellent results with low limits of detection (0.03−0.13 ng L–1). Finally, the promising potential applications of aforementioned method were verified by spiking water, fish, and milk samples with PBDEs; good PBDEs recoveries were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Far-red to near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes with absorption and emission in the spectral region of 600–900 nm are of high interest because of their low autofluorescence interference, deep-tissue penetration, and minimal photodamage to biological samples. In recent years, the Si-substituted xanthenes have attracted considerable attention owing to their remarkable far-red to NIR photophysical properties and biocompatible characteristics. This paper reviews the synthetic methods of silicon-substituted xanthene dyes and the progress in the development of far-red to NIR fluorescent probes based on these dyes, and introduces representative chemosensors along with their fluorescent behavior toward specific analytes. The fluorescent probes in sensing various biological species, including metal ions and anions, intracellular pH changes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), as well as enzymes and other related species, were summarized. The sensing mechanisms and applications of corresponding sensors are also discussed. • The near-infrared fluorescent probes in sensing various species are summarized. • The synthetic approaches for silicon-substituted xanthene dyes are outlined. • The sensing mechanisms and applications of sensors are discussed. • Future trends and prospects of Si-xanthene based probes are envisaged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]