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The experiment was used fermentation bed technology to study the effect of fermentation bed on diarrhea rate, growth performance and blood physicochemical indexes of lambs in winter. Three batches of experiments were carried out in a row, and 30 hybrid ewes who had just given birth and gave birth to two lambs in each batch were randomly assigned to two closed houses with windows and the same building structure, one floor was transformed into a fermentation bed (experimental group), and the other was used as a control group. The lambs were fed in a single pen for 7 d and then transferred out. Each group was randomly divided into three pens, transferred to semi-open houses, and continued to be fed until weaning at 60 d. The results showed that on 1~7 d, the diarrhea rate of lambs in experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). From birth to weaning, the diarrhea rate and mortality of lambs in experimental group were decreased by 2.49% and 2.95% compared with control group (P<0.05). On 7 d of experiment, the body height, body length and chest circumference of lambs in experimental group were increased by 1.71, 0.56, 0.66 cm compared with control group, respectively (P<0.05). On 8~30 d, the average daily gain of lambs in experimental group was increased by 22.59% compared with control group ( P<0.05). The average daily gain of experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group during the whole experiment period (1~60 d) (P<0.05). At 60 d of age, the body weight of lambs in experimental group was increased by 13.42% compared with control group ( P<0.05). The percentage of lymphocyte in whole blood of lambs in experimental group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05), and the content of GLU, TP and GLB in serum were increased by 8.45%, 3.34% and 10.49% compared with control group, respectively (P<0.05). The study indicates that using a fermentation bed feeding mode within 7 d of birth can reduce the rate of diarrhea and mortality before weaning, and improve the apparent digestibility and blood physicochemical indicators of lambs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we explore systematically various SO(2)-rotation-induced multiple dark–dark (DD) soliton breathing patterns obtained from stationary and spectrally stable multiple dark–bright (DB) and DD waveforms in trapped one-dimensional, two-component atomic Bose–Einstein condensates. The stationary states stemming from the associated linear limits (as the eigenfunctions of the quantum harmonic oscillator problem) are parametrically continued to the nonlinear regimes by varying the respective chemical potentials, i.e. from the low-density linear limits to the high-density Thomas–Fermi (TF) regimes. We perform a Bogolyubov–de Gennes spectral stability analysis to identify stable parametric regimes of these states, finding a wide range of stability intervals in the TF regimes for all of the states considered herein. Upon applying an SO(2)-rotation to stable steady states, one-, two-, three-, four-, and many DD soliton breathing patterns are observed in the numerical simulations. Furthermore, analytic solutions up to three DB solitons in the homogeneous setting, and three-component systems are also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the dynamics of beating solitons in a two-component Bose–Einstein condensate with tunable Rabi coupling strength. Our results demonstrate that the balance between transition and beating effects permits the emergence of a novel family of asymmetric solitons in the symmetric physical settings. We derive the exact analytical solutions for them, which primarily consist of one bright soliton and one dark soliton element. The analytical solutions provide us with precise balance conditions required for the formation of asymmetric solitons. We also show that the degree of asymmetry can be effectively manipulated by adjusting the background density flow of dark soliton element, initial relative phase between two soliton elements, and their width. Furthermore, we discuss the oscillation behavior of asymmetric solitons in a harmonic potential, and the interaction between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dark solitons are common topological excitations in a wide array of nonlinear waves. The dark soliton excitation energy is crucial for exploring dark soliton dynamics and is necessarily calculated in a renormalized form due to its existence on a finite background. Despite its tremendous importance and success, the renormalized energy form was at first only suggested with no detailed derivation, and was then "derived" in the grand canonical ensemble. We revisit this fundamental problem and provide an alternative and intuitive derivation of the energy form from the fundamental field energy by utilizing a limiting procedure that conserves number of particles. Our derivation yields the same result, thus putting the dark soliton energy form on a solid basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The properties of nonlinear interference pattern between atomic bright solitons are characterized analytically, with the aid of exact solutions of dynamical equation in mean-field approximation. It is shown that relative velocity, relative phase, and nonlinear interaction strength can be measured from the interference pattern. The nonlinear interference properties are proposed to design atomic soliton interferometry in Bose–Einstein condensate. As an example, we apply them to measure gravity acceleration in ultra-cold atom systems with a high precision degree. The results are also meaningful for precise measurements in optical fiber, water wave tank, plasma, and other nonlinear systems. • We characterize the interference properties of bright solitons analytically. • The interference pattern can be used to measure some physical quantities. • We propose a possible way to measure gravity acceleration in ultra-cold atom systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The phase jump of bright solitons induced by self-steepening effect is reported. • The topological field of the soliton is depicted via topological vector potential. • Each elementary magnetic flux of the topological vector potential is presented. • Multiple phase jump for bright solitons is obtained. We study the topological phase of bright soliton with arbitrary velocity under the self-steepening effect. Such topological phase can be described by the topological vector potential and effective magnetic field. We find that the point-like magnetic fields correspond to the density peak of such bright solitons, where each elementary magnetic flux is π. Furthermore, the topological phase of interactional two bright solitons is discussed. In particular, we show that interaction of two solitons can generate an additional topological field due to their nontrivial topological phase. Our research provided the possibility to use bright solitons to explore topological properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We study rogue waves of Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) analytically in a time-dependent harmonic trap with a complex potential. Properties of the nonautonomous rogue waves are investigated analytically. It is reported that there are possibilities to ‘catch’ rogue waves through manipulating nonlinear interaction properly. The results provide many possibilities to manipulate rogue waves experimentally in a BEC system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We present Lax-pair corresponding to the coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equation (CGPE) which governs the evolution of the macroscopic wave function of two components Bose–Einstein condensates trapped in time-dependent harmonic potential. Kinds of soliton solutions can be derived from the Lax-pair through Darboux transformation conveniently. Furthermore, soliton management in two-component Bose–Einstein condensate would be realized base on that the shape and motion of soliton in both components are investigated analytically. Moreover, it is found that there is a transformation existed between the nonautonomous coupled system and Manakov model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We study on bright nonautonomous solitons of Bose–Einstein condensate analytically in a time-dependent harmonic trap with an arbitrary time-dependent linear potential and complex potential. The explicit ways to control dynamics of soliton are presented through observing the evolution of its width, peak, and the motion of its center analytically. Furthermore, we present two-solitons solution in generalized form to observe the collision of solitons conveniently. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and play important roles in tumor initiation and progression. Recently, we examined the global miRNA expression profile of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and demonstrated that miR-92a was highly expressed in tumor tissues. In this study, we found that the upregulation of miR-92a was significantly correlated with the status of lymph node metastasis and TNM stage in 107 ESCC patients. Moreover, the upregulation of miR-92a was associated with poor survival of ESCC patients and might be used as an independent prognostic factor. Next, we investigated the role and mechanism of miR-92a in ESCC cells, and found that miR-92a modulated the migration and invasion but not apoptosis and proliferation of ESCC cells in vitro. We further demonstrated that miR-92a directly targeted the CDH1 3′- UTR and repressed the expression of CDH1, a tumor metastasis suppressor. In addition, restoring of miR-92a-resistant CDH1 expression in miR-92a-overexpression cells recovered the pro-metastasis activity of miR-92a. Taken together, we demonstrated that miR-92a promotes ESCC cell migration and invasion at least partially via suppression of CDH1 expression, and patients with up-regulated miR-92a are prone to lymph node metastasis and thus have poor prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We present a series of exact nonautonomous solitons inside the planar graded-index waveguide amplifier with Kerr nonlinearity by Darboux transformation. Especially, properties of the nonautonomous soliton such as typical width, peak intensity and trajectory of wave center are analytically investigated. We also study the trajectory of wave''s center with different conditions in detail. Solitons in planar waveguide without graded-index are also demonstrated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We investigate linear interference effects between a nonlinear plane wave and bright solitons, which are admitted by a pair-transition coupled two-component Bose-Einstein condensate. We demonstrate that the interference effects can induce several localized waves possessing distinctive wave structures, mainly including anti-dark solitons, W-shaped solitons, multi-peak solitons, Kuznetsov-Ma like breathers, and multi-peak breathers. Specifically, the explicit conditions for them are clarified by a phase diagram based on the linear interference properties. Furthermore, the interactions between these localized waves are discussed. The detailed analysis indicates that the soliton-soliton interaction induced phase shift brings the collision between these localized waves which can be inelastic for solitons involving collision and can be elastic for breathers. These characters come from the fact that the profile of solitons depends on the relative phase between bright solitons and a plane wave, and the profile of breathers does not depend on the relative phase. These results would motivate more discussions on linear interference between other nonlinear waves. Specifically, the solitons or breathers obtained here are not related to modulational instability. The underlying reasons are discussed in detail. In addition, possibilities to observe these localized waves are discussed in a two species Bose-Einstein condensate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The property of matter-wave vector solitons in a spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate with spin-orbit and Zeeman couplings is investigated by multiscale perturbation method. The excitation spectrum and the corresponding state vectors of the system are obtained analytically, and they can be adjusted by the parameters of the system. The bright and dark vector solitons are formulated by reducing the three-component coupled Gross-Pitaeviskii equations to a standard nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which has the solutions of the bright and dark solitons with positive or negative mass depending on the product of the effective dispersive and nonlinear coefficients. The moving vector solitons are demonstrated by adjusting specific momentum near the energy minimum. Finally, the magnetized features of the vector solitons are discussed by the spin polarization of the system. • The excitation spectrum for the vector solitons, determined by the parameters of the system, is obtained analytically. • The analytical bright and dark vector solitons are formulated and the moving solitons are demonstrated by adjusting specific momentum. • The solitons with positive or negative mass depending on the product of the effective dispersive and nonlinear coefficients are analyzed. • The magnetized features affected by spin-orbit and Zeeman couplings are discussed by the spin polarization of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study numerically the evolutions of perturbations at critical points between modulational instability and stability regimes. It is demonstrated that W-shaped solitons and rogue waves can be both excited from weak resonant perturbations at the critical points. The rogue wave excitation at the critical points indicates that rogue wave comes from modulation instability with resonant perturbations, even when the baseband modulational instability is absent. The perturbation differences for generating W-shaped solitons and rogue waves are discussed in detail. These results can be used to generate W-shaped solitons and rogue waves controllably from weak perturbations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study breathers and solitons on different backgrounds in optical fiber system, which is governed by generalized coupled Hirota equations with four wave mixing effect. On plane wave background, a transformation between different types of solitons is discovered. Then, on periodic wave background, we find breather-like nonlinear localized waves of which formation mechanism are related to the energy conversion between two components. The energy conversion results from four wave mixing. Furthermore, we prove that this energy conversion is controlled by amplitude and period of backgrounds. Finally, solitons on periodic wave background are also exhibited. These results would enrich our knowledge of nonlinear localized waves' excitation in coupled system with four wave mixing effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study on non-linear localized waves on continuous wave background in a dispersion and non-linearity management fibre. We find a stable supercontinuum pulse can be generated from a small modulation on continuous wave in a proper management way, for which the pulse spectrum width and its growth rate can be controlled well by the management parameters. Additionally, we demonstrate a Kuznetsov–Ma breather like non-linear localized wave can exist in a periodic dispersion management fibre, and its spectrum evolution is distinctive from the Kuznetsov–Ma breather’s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study vector localized waves on continuous wave background with higher-order effects in a two-mode optical fiber. The striking properties of transition, coexistence, and interaction of these localized waves arising from higher-order effects are revealed in combination with corresponding modulation instability (MI) characteristics. It shows that these vector localized wave properties have no analogues in the case without higher-order effects. Specifically, compared to the scalar case, an intriguing transition between bright–dark rogue waves and w-shaped–anti-w-shaped solitons, which occurs as a result of the attenuation of MI growth rate to vanishing in the zero-frequency perturbation region, is exhibited with the relative background frequency. In particular, our results show that the w-shaped–anti-w-shaped solitons can coexist with breathers, coinciding with the MI analysis where the coexistence condition is a mixture of a modulation stability and MI region. It is interesting that their interaction is inelastic and describes a fusion process. In addition, we demonstrate an annihilation phenomenon for the interaction of two w-shaped solitons which is identified essentially as an inelastic collision in this system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We study rogue waves in a graded-index planar waveguide with oscillating refractive index. We find that an additional refractive index can be used to manipulate the trajectory of the rogue wave without changing its shape evolution characters. The density distribution profile of rogue wave with the highest peak can be kept well through manipulating the graded-index term and nonlinear coefficient. Furthermore, the trajectories of these nonautonomous rogue waves still look like an “X” shape. These results provide possibilities to manipulate rogue wave in nonautonomous nonlinear systems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

For a scalar integrable model, it is generally believed that the solitons interact with each other elastically, for instance, multi-bright solitons from the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and the Korteweg-de Vries equation, etc. We obtain double-valley dark solitons from the defocusing Hirota equation by the Darboux transformation. Particularly, we report a remarkable phenomenon for the inelastic interaction of the double-valley dark solitons, in contrast to the solitons interacting with each other elastically for a scalar integrable model in previous works. Furthermore, we give the explicit conditions for the elastic collision based on the asymptotic analysis results. It is shown that the double-valley dark solitons could also admit elastic interaction under the special parameters settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate bright, dark and two rogue waves in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates. It is found that one rogue wave of a new structure that contains two humps and two valleys around one center in the temporalspatial distribution interacts with the conventional rogue wave. We present an effective way to obtain long-lived rogue waves through managing the nonlinear interaction with modulating trapping frequency and interchange atoms between thermal clouds and condensates. The results provide many possibilities to manipulate rogue waves experimentally in the condensate system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • New vacuum infiltration method using Cu-mold-prepared CF preform is developed. • Electroless-Cu-plated layer dissolves to improve the wettability during infiltration. • Interface microstructure control is achieved by Cu-layer and short-term infiltration. • Ti-based CFRMGMC has obviously improved plasticity together with high-strength. • Randomly and uniformly distributed short CF leads to brittle-ductile transition. The molding process is the key technology for the development of carbon fiber reinforced metallic glass matrix composites (CFRMGMCs), which not only needs to tackle the challenge of the mixing uniformity of carbon fibers, but also should take into account the rapid cooling technology to obtain a fully glassy matrix. Herein, a new vacuum pressure infiltration molding method is developed to fabricate a Ti-based CFRMGMC, in which a copper mold is performed as the container for carbon fiber preforms in addition to being used as a rapid cooling device. In order to prevent the interface reaction between carbon fiber and metal liquid, an electroless copper layer is plated on the surface of carbon fiber. It is found that the thin copper layer is dissolved in the glassy matrix and no crystalline phase is formed on the interface between the fiber and the matrix, showing a good effect on the control of interface microstructure. Meanwhile, electroless copper layer also effectively improves the wettability between the carbon fiber and the titanium alloy melt, thereby improving the infiltration forming ability of the composite material and reducing the tendency to form macroscopic defects. The as-prepared Ti-based CFRMGMC shows a significantly improved plasticity of ∼5 % and a high yield strength of 1880 MPa. The toughening mechanism can be attributed to the random distribution of short carbon fibers in different directions, which originates from the preparing process of carbon fiber preforms. This multi-directional posture is frozen in the glassy matrix and stimulates the multiple shear band behavior of the CFRMGMC. This work sheds lights on the use of carbon fiber in bulk metallic glasses, and is of great significance to the lightweight development and the interface reaction control of CFRMGMCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two sintering products containing potassium titanates were fabricated and cultivated in simulated body fluid for 12 days. It was found that the molar ratio of titanium/potassium of potassium titanate is a key factor to control the behavior of potassium titanate in body fluid environment. Low potassium titanates such as K 2 Ti 2 O 5 and K 2 Ti 4 O 9 transformed into calcium titanate due to its intrinsic characteristics of ion exchange. However, potassium hexatitanate was structurally stable adsorbing needle-like hydroxyapatite. The experimental results indicated that potassium hexatitanate possesses excellent biocompatibility which is better than low potassium titanates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to various infectious viruses in environmental drinking water can constitute a public health risk. However, it is difficult to detect viruses in water due to their low concentration. In this study, we have developed a novel filter cartridge system containing electropositive granule media (EGM). Viruses present in large volumes of environmental samples were adsorbed onto the EGM, and then recovered by elution and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) concentration. To evaluate the system's efficiency in viral recovery, poliovirus (PV-1), a surrogate for enteric viruses, was used to artificially contaminate river water samples which were then assayed by quantitative real-time PCR. To optimize the concentration procedure, the eluent type, water flow rate and properties (e.g., pH, bacterial, and viral loads), were evaluated. The highest virus recovery was obtained by pumping river water at a flow rate of 300 mL/min and then pushing 3 L of an eluent containing 3X broth [1.5% (w/v) NaCl, 3% (w/v) tryptone, 1.5% (w/v) beef powder] with 0.05 mol/L glycine through the filter. Using this procedure, the recovery efficiencies of PV-1 from 10 to 100 L of spiked river water were up to 99%. In addition, this method is virus load and pH dependent. Virus recovery was maximal at a load of between 103.5 and 105.5 TCID50 and a pH ranging from 5 to 7. The bacterial load in the water has no effect on virus recovery. Different types of viruses and surface water were tested to validate the system's applicability. Results revealed that the EGM filter cartridge was able to concentrate PV-1, human adenoviruses (HAdVs) and noroviruses (HuNoVs) with high efficiency from river, lake, and reservoir water. Furthermore, it showed more efficient recovery than glass wool and 1MDS filters. These data suggest that this system provides rapid and efficient virus recovery from a large volume of natural surface water and, as such, could be a useful tool in revealing the presence of viruses in surface water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic resistance poses a significant challenge to human health and its rate continues to rise globally. While antibiotic-selectable synthetic plasmid vectors have proved invaluable tools of genetic engineering, this class of artificial recombinant DNA sequences with high expression of antibiotic resistance genes presents an unknown risk beyond the laboratory setting. Contamination of environmental microbes with synthetic plasmid vector-sourced antibiotic resistance genes may represent a yet unrecognized source of antibiotic resistance. In this study, PCR and real-time quantitative PCR were used to investigate the synthetic plasmid vector-originated ampicillin resistance gene, β-lactam antibiotic (blá), in microbes from six Chinese rivers with significant human interactions. Various levels of blá were detected in all six rivers, with the highest levels in the Pearl and Haihe rivers. To validate the blá pollution, environmental plasmids in the river samples were captured by the E. coli transformants from the community plasmid metagenome. The resultant plasmid library of 205 ampicillin-resistant E. coli (transformants) showed a blá-positive rate of 27.3% by PCR. Sequencing results confirmed the synthetic plasmid vector sources. In addition, results of the Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion test reinforced the ampicillin-resistant functions of the environmental plasmids. The resistance spectrum of transformants from the Pearl and Haihe rivers, in particular, had expanded to the third- and fourth-generation of cephalosporin drugs, while that of other transformants mainly involved first- and second-generation cephalosporins. This study not only reveals environmental contamination of synthetic plasmid vector-sourced blá drug resistance genes in Chinese rivers, but also suggests that synthetic plasmid vectors may represent a source of antibiotic resistance in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To detect food E. coli O157:H7 contamination rapidly and accurately, it is essential to prepare high specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the pathogen. Cyclophosphamide (Cy)-mediated subtractive immunization strategy was performed in mice to generate mAbs that react with E. coli O157:H7, but not with other affiliated bacteria. Specificity of 19 mAbs was evaluated by ELISA and/or dot-immunogold filtration assay (DIGFA). Immunogloubin typing, affinity and binding antigens of 5 selected mAbs were also analysed. MAbs 1D8, 4A7, 5A2 were found to have high reactivity with E. coli O157:H7 and no cross-reactivity with 80 other strains of bacteria including Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., Proteus sp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii and other non-E. coli O157:H7 enteric bacteria. Their ascetic titers reached 1:106 with E. coli O157:H7 and affinity constants ranged from 1.5761010 to 2.7961010 L/ mol. The antigens recognized by them were different localized proteins. Furthermore, immune-colloidal gold probe coated with mAb 5A2 could specifically distinguish minced beef contaminated by E. coli O157:H7 from 84 other bacterial contaminations. The Cy-mediated subtractive immunization procedure coupled with hybridoma technology is a rapid and efficient approach to prepare discriminatory mAbs for detection of E. coli O157:H7 contamination in food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the exact analytical solution of stripe solitons on different backgrounds in Bose–Einstein condensates with helicoidal spin–orbit coupling (SOC). They are divided into two categories, one is stationary stripe soliton on zero background or period-wave background, the other is moving stripe soliton on zero background or plane-wave background. The period of stripe is determined by both strength and frequency of helicoidal SOC, and the oscillation amplitude of stripe is adjustable in the case of fixed total density. The corresponding spin polarization is expressed on Bloch sphere. For stationary soliton, the spin density vector take values in three directions, which is different from the Rashba–Dresslhaus coupling scheme. The spin density vectors display more complicated spatial distribution for moving stripe solitons. Meanwhile, the formation mechanism of stripe soliton and the interaction properties of moving stripe solitons are discussed. Our work enhances the understanding of stripe solitons, and is helpful for the observation of stripe phase. • Four kinds of exact stripe soliton solutions in Bose–Einstein condensates with helicoidal spin–orbit coupling (SOC) are represented. • The influence of helicoidal SOC on the structure of stripe solitons are described in detail. • The corresponding spin polarization is expressed on the Bloch sphere. • The formation mechanism of stripe solitons and the interaction properties of moving stripe solitons are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]