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Background and aims: Several risk models for esophageal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection have been developed. However, some of them did not include the use of steroids in the risk analysis. Glucocorticoid sensitivity mediated by glucocorticoid receptor expression has not been discussed in this condition. Methods: Clinical and endoscopic characteristics were included in the logistic regression model to establish a nomogram for stenosis prediction. The score for each risk factor was estimated. Risk factors of ineffective oral steroid prophylaxis were analyzed and glucocorticoid receptor expressions were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: Three hundred fourteen patients of endoscopic submucosal dissection for esophageal superficial neoplasms were included to develop the nomogram. The circumferential range(≤ 3/4, 3/4–1 or the whole circumference), longitudinal diameter reached 4 cm (yes or not) and lesion location (the cervical and upper thoracic part, the middle thoracic part or the lower thoracic part) consisted of the nomogram. Patients have a high risk of esophageal stricture if they have a total point greater than 36. In the simplified risk score model, the corresponding cutoff score was 1. 92 patients with oral steroid prophylaxis were separately analyzed and the circumferential mucosal defect involving 7/8 or more was an independent risk factor of ineffective prevention (OR 12.2, 95%CI 5.27–28.11). The expression of glucocorticoid receptor β was higher in the stricture group (p = 0.042 for AOD; p = 0.016 for the scoring system). Conclusions: We established a nomogram for esophageal stricture prediction. Depending on the characteristics of lesions, it is possible to estimate the risk of stricture under routine post-ESD treatments (no steroids or oral steroids). Alternative treatments should be considered if the risk is extremely high, especially for patients with mucosal defects involving 7/8 or more of circumference in which oral steroid treatment tends to be ineffective. The higher glucocorticoid receptor β may indicate potential glucocorticoid resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) stands as one of the effective means to reduce carbon emissions and serves as a crucial technical pillar for achieving experimental carbon neutrality. CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) represents the foremost method for CO2 utilization. CO2-EOR represents a favorable technical means of efficiently developing extra-low-permeability reservoirs. Nevertheless, the process known as the direct injection of CO2 is highly susceptible to gas scrambling, which reduces the exposure time and contact area between CO2 and the extra-low-permeability oil matrix, making it challenging to utilize CO2 molecular diffusion effectively. In this paper, a comprehensive study involving the application of a CO2 nanobubble system in extra-low-permeability reservoirs is presented. A modified nano-SiO2 particle with pro-CO2 properties was designed using the Pickering emulsion template method and employed as a CO2 nanobubble stabilizer. The suitability of the CO2 nanobubbles for use in extra-low-permeability reservoirs was evaluated in terms of their temperature resistance, oil resistance, dimensional stability, interfacial properties, and wetting-reversal properties. The enhanced oil recovery (EOR) effect of the CO2 nanobubble system was evaluated through core experiments. The results indicate that the CO2 nanobubble system can suppress the phenomena of channeling and gravity overlap in the formation. Additionally, the system can alter the wettability, thereby improving interfacial activity. Furthermore, the system can reduce the interfacial tension, thus expanding the wave efficiency of the repellent phase fluids. The system can also improve the ability of CO2 to displace the crude oil or water in the pore space. The CO2 nanobubble system can take advantage of its size and high mass transfer efficiency, among other advantages. Injection of the gas into the extra-low-permeability reservoir can be used to block high-gas-capacity channels. The injected gas is forced to enter the low-permeability layer or matrix, with the results of core simulation experiments indicating a recovery rate of 66.28%. Nanobubble technology, the subject of this paper, has significant practical implications for enhancing the efficiency of CO2-EOR and geologic sequestration, as well as providing an environmentally friendly method as part of larger CCUS-EOR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Flexible electrode of Bi nanoparticles anchored on graphene fiber fabric is fabricated. • Micro-sized Bi can be redispersed into 20 nm on GFF in 5 s by microwave. • Competitive mechanisms are proposed to dominate the redispersion. • Flexible Bi/GFF anode exhibits superior Na+ storage capacity for sodium ion capacitors. Sp2 dominated carbon supported metal nanoparticles with well-controlled structures are promising for portable electrochemical energy storage device with "triple-high" (energy, power, and cycle) feature, yet remains elusive. We report here a flexible graphene fiber fabric (GFF) with well-dispersed Bi nanoparticles by a facile and efficient microwave (MW) irradiation method. By regulating the irradiation duration and π-π conjugated structure of GFF, the pristine micro-sized Bi particles can be uniformly redispersed on GFF with an average particle size of 20 nm in 5 s. The competitive mechanisms between the MW accumulated energy and surface energy of Bi nanoparticles as well as energy conversion efficiency are proposed to dominate this redispersion and particle size changing process. The entire Bi/GFF composite exhibits good conductivity, flexibility, and superior sodium ion storage specific capacity of 113 mAh g−1 at 30 A g−1, which are conceptionally demonstrated as an anode for flexible sodium ion capacitors (SICs). The quasi-solid-state SICs exhibit great mechanical-electrochemical stability, integration property, long-term stability, and high energy/power densities. This work offers a model material of sp2 dominated carbon supported metal nanoparticles with well-controlled structures by an efficient and facile route, demonstrating a potential for flexible, and "triple-high" energy storage device in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving both high gravimetric and volumetric rate performances of the anode for lithium ion capacitors (LICs) is still a challenge. Herein, we propose a dense Li 3 VO 4 (LVO)/graphene aerogel (GA) composite as the two active components anode, the crystalline and particle size of LVO can be regulated in the GA that provides abundant heterogeneous nucleation sites to prevent the agglomeration and preferred growth of LVO. The dense LVO/GA exhibits significantly improved electrochemical performances. The gravimetric/volumetric specific capacity can reach up to 84.4 mAh g−1 and 63.3 mAh cm−3 at the very high current density of 16 A g−1, as well as the 85% capacity retention after 5000 cycles at 8 A g−1. This superior performance is contributed from the facilitated diffusion rate of confined LVO clusters in GA, the accelerated electron transport offered by the three dimensional (3D) graphene skeleton that closely surrounds LVO, and the fast electrochemical kinetics boosted by the combined dense structure. The LICs exhibit excellent energy/power densities (maximum 122.2 W h kg−1, 8.8 kW kg−1). We believe that this two active components design demonstrates an unparalleled function that the single active material cannot realize, and provide a promising road propelling the development of high performance LICs. • Dense Li 3 VO 4 /graphene aerogel is prepared based on heterogeneous nucleation. • Crystalline and particle size of LVO can be regulated in the graphene skeleton. • Both high gravimetric and volumetric rate performances can be achieved. • Lithium ion capacitors exhibit high energy/power densities and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Directional control of droplets on a surface is an important issue for tasks of long-range liquid-transport, self-cleaning and water repellency. However, it is still challenging to control the structure motions in orientations so as to control the shedding-off of droplets. Herein, we report a novel dynamic magnetic responsive wall (DMRW) array on PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) -based surface. The walls can easily tilt through the effect of the external magnet because of the magnetic material in the DMRW. The droplets can be shed off directionally on the surface. Particularly, with the shape recovery and flexible properties, it achieves simultaneous control of the tilt angles (0-60°) of DMRW for shedding-off of droplets with different volumes (1-15 μL) under magnetic action on DMRW. The mechanism of droplet shedding-off on DMRW is elucidated by theory of interfaces. It offers an insight into design of dynamic interface for water repellency. This strategy realizes the preparation of multifunctional, tunable and directional drive functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A kind of superhydrophobic magnetic nano/micropillar array (MNA) with optimized intrinsic dynamic wetting property has characteristics of magnetically induced dynamic tilt‐angle changes, which achieves the controlling of the directional droplet transport effectively. It is revealed that MNA has a low adhesive gradient along the direction of magnetically induced tilt‐angles. A tilt‐angles of nano/micropillars in the range of 0°–59° is realized by controlling the magnetic field intensity (0–490 mT), so that a droplet (10 µL) can be transported on MNA from one pillar to the next along the tilt‐angle direction. It is proposed that the continuous changes of magnetically induced dynamic tilt‐angles on MNA induce a gradient driving force to act on the droplet, in addition to cooperation with the low adhesive direction that results from unidirectional gradient discontinuous solid–liquid–gas three phase contact lines. The finding offers insight into designing of surface materials that can be extended into microfluidics for controlling of droplet motion and others. Magnetically induced dynamic tilt‐angle nano/micropillar arrays with low adhesive direction achieve the directional transport of microdroplets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• K 2 Ti 6 O 13 (KTO) nanobelts are regulated on graphene by ALD pre-anchoring method. • The electrochemical performances surpass other KTO anodes for potassium ion storage. • Hydrated KTO endow itself with an accelerated solid solution potassiation mechanism. • PICs deliver high energy/power densities and a long cycle life. Potassium ion capacitors (PICs) represent a promising energy storage device with high energy and power densities for long stretches beyond the lithium and sodium storage chemistry of nowadays. As an analogous anode like lithium titanates, potassium titanates (KTO) are expected to be applied to PICs. Herein, hydrated KTO (K 2 Ti 6 O 13) nanobelts were regulated on graphene nanosheets by a method of atomic layer deposition (ALD) coupled with hydrothermal potassiation. The close correlation of KTO to the underneath graphene nanosheets favors the electron transport, the interweaved structure facilitates the permeation of electrolyte ions, and the chemically (interlayer) adsorbed water endows KTO with larger interlayer spacing, synergistically giving rise to an accelerated solid solution potassiation mechanism. Based upon this, superior specific capacity and rate capability (87 mAh g−1@1 A g−1), as well as stability of the ALD KTO can be delivered, outperforming many performances of reported KTO anodes. The PICs exhibit simultaneously high energy/power densities (Max. 119.3 Wh kg−1@117.5 W kg−1, 4.7 kW kg−1@35.3 Wh kg−1) as well as good capacity retention after 4,000 cycles. Our work demonstrates the great performance of ALD KTO anode and the promising application of PICs, which propose a delicate methodology of high performance K+ storage anode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]