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Worldwide, cancer is a huge burden, and each year sees an increase in its incidence. RAB (Ras-related in brain) 13 is crucial for a number of tumor types. But more research on RAB13's tumor-related mechanism is still required. This study's goal was to investigate RAB13's function in human pan-cancer, and we have also preliminarily explored the relevant mechanisms. To investigate the differential expression, survival prognosis, immunological checkpoints, and pathological stage of RAB13 in human pan-cancer, respectively, databases of TIMER2.0, GEPIA 2, and UALCAN were employed. CBioPortal database was used to analyze the mutation level, meanwhile, PPI network was constructed based on STRING website. The putative functions of RAB13 in immunological infiltration were investigated using single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). The mechanism of RAB13 in hepatocellular cancer was also briefly investigated by us using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). RAB13 was differentially expressed in a number of different cancers, including liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), etc. Additionally, RAB13 overexpression in LGG and LIHC is associated with a worse prognosis, including overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Then, we observed that early in BLCA, BRAC, CHOL, ESCA, HNSC, KICH, KIRC, LIHC, LUAD, LUSC, and STAD, the level of RAB13 expression was raised. Next, we found that "amplification" was the most common mutation in RAB13. The expression of SLC39A1, JTB, SSR2, SNAPIN, and RHOC was strongly positively linked with RAB13, according to a correlation study. RAB13 favorably regulated B cell, CD8 + T cell, CD4 + T cell, macrophage, neutrophil, and dendritic cell in LIHC, according to immune infiltration analysis. Immune checkpoint study revealed a positive correlation between RAB13 expression and PD1, PDL1, and CTLA4 in LIHC. According to GSEA, RAB13 is involved in a number of processes in LIHC, including MTORC1 signaling, MYC targets v1, G2M checkpoint, MITOTIC spindle, DNA repair, P53 pathway, glycolysis, PI3K-AKT-MTOR signaling, etc. RAB13 is a possible therapeutic target in LIHC and can be used as a prognostic marker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Ectopic replantation and regeneration of splenic tissue fragments following splenic trauma or splenectomy is known as replantation of splenic tissue. It typically takes place in the abdominal cavity, however, splenic tissue replantation in the liver is extremely rare and difficult to diagnose. It is often misdiagnosed as a liver tumor and removed. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a patient with a history of traumatic splenectomy 15 years prior to the replantation of splenic tissue in the liver. A 4 cm mass in the liver was found during the most recent physical examination, and a computed tomography scan indicated the possibility of a malignant tumor. The tumor was then removed using fluorescence laparoscopy. CONCLUSION: There is a possibility of intrahepatic replantation of splenic tissue in patients who have had a splenectomy in the past, have recently discovered an intrahepatic space-occupying lesion, and do not have any high-risk factors for liver cancer. Unnecessary surgery can be avoided if 99m Tc-labeled red blood cells imaging using mass puncture or radionuclide examination provides a clear preoperative diagnosis. Globally, there are no reports of the use of fluorescence laparoscopy in resecting replanted splenic tissue in the liver. Specifically, in the current case, there was no indocyanine green uptake in the mass, and only a small amount was found in the normally functioning liver tissue surrounding the tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worldwide, cancer is a huge burden, and each year sees an increase in its incidence. RAB (Ras-related in brain) 13 is crucial for a number of tumor types. But more research on RAB13's tumor-related mechanism is still required. This study's goal was to investigate RAB13's function in human pan-cancer, and we have also preliminarily explored the relevant mechanisms. To investigate the differential expression, survival prognosis, immunological checkpoints, and pathological stage of RAB13 in human pan-cancer, respectively, databases of TIMER2.0, GEPIA 2, and UALCAN were employed. CBioPortal database was used to analyze the mutation level, meanwhile, PPI network was constructed based on STRING website. The putative functions of RAB13 in immunological infiltration were investigated using single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). The mechanism of RAB13 in hepatocellular cancer was also briefly investigated by us using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). RAB13 was differentially expressed in a number of different cancers, including liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), etc. Additionally, RAB13 overexpression in LGG and LIHC is associated with a worse prognosis, including overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Then, we observed that early in BLCA, BRAC, CHOL, ESCA, HNSC, KICH, KIRC, LIHC, LUAD, LUSC, and STAD, the level of RAB13 expression was raised. Next, we found that "amplification" was the most common mutation in RAB13. The expression of SLC39A1, JTB, SSR2, SNAPIN, and RHOC was strongly positively linked with RAB13, according to a correlation study. RAB13 favorably regulated B cell, CD8 + T cell, CD4 + T cell, macrophage, neutrophil, and dendritic cell in LIHC, according to immune infiltration analysis. Immune checkpoint study revealed a positive correlation between RAB13 expression and PD1, PDL1, and CTLA4 in LIHC. According to GSEA, RAB13 is involved in a number of processes in LIHC, including MTORC1 signaling, MYC targets v1, G2M checkpoint, MITOTIC spindle, DNA repair, P53 pathway, glycolysis, PI3K-AKT-MTOR signaling, etc. RAB13 is a possible therapeutic target in LIHC and can be used as a prognostic marker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a long-term malignancy that causes high morbidities and mortalities worldwide. Notably, long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been identified as candidate targets for malignancy treatments. Methods: LncRNA LINC01116 and its Pearson-correlated genes (PCGs) were identified and analyzed in HCC patients. The diagnostic and prognostic value of the lncRNA was evaluated using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Further, we explored the target drugs of LINC01116 for clinical application. Relationships between immune infiltration and PCGs, methylation and PCGs were explored. The diagnostic potentials were then validated by Oncomine cohorts. Results: LINC01116 and the PCG OLFML2B are differentially and highly expressed in tumor tissues (both P ≤ 0.050). We found that LINC01116, TMSB15A, PLAU, OLFML2B, and MRC2 have diagnostic potentials (all AUC ≥ 0.700, all P ≤ 0.050) while LINC01116 and TMSB15A have prognostic significance (both adjusted P ≤ 0.050). LINC01116 was enriched in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor signaling pathway, mesenchyme morphogenesis, etc. After that, candidate target drugs with potential clinical significance were identified: Thiamine, Cromolyn, Rilmenidine, Chlorhexidine, Sulindac_sulfone, Chloropyrazine, and Meprylcaine. Analysis of immune infiltration revealed that MRC2, OLFML2B, PLAU, and TMSB15A are negatively associated with the purity but positively associated with the specific cell types (all P < 0.050). Analysis of promoter methylation demonstrated that MRC2, OLFML2B, and PLAU have differential and high methylation levels in primary tumors (all P < 0.050). Validation results of the differential expressions and diagnostic potential of OLFML2B (Oncomine) were consistent with those obtained in the TCGA cohort (P < 0.050, AUC > 0.700). Conclusions: Differentially expressed LINC01116 could be a candidate diagnostic and an independent prognostic signature in HCC. Besides, its target drugs may work for HCC therapy via the VEGF receptor signaling pathway. Differentially expressed OLFML2B could be a diagnostic signature involved in HCC via immune infiltrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layered transition metal oxide cathodes have been one of the dominant cathodes for lithium‐ion batteries with efficient Li+ intercalation chemistry. However, limited by the weak layered interaction and unstable surface, mechanical and chemical failure plagues their electrochemical performance, especially for Ni‐rich cathodes. Here, adopting a simultaneous elemental‐structural atomic arrangement control based on the intrinsic Ni−Co−Mn system, the surface role is intensively investigated. Within the invariant oxygen sublattice of the crystal, a robust surface with the synergistic concentration gradient and layered‐spinel intertwined structure is constructed on the model single‐crystalline Ni‐rich cathode. With mechanical strain dissipation and chemical erosion suppression, the cathode exhibits an impressive capacity retention of 82 % even at the harsh 60 °C after 150 cycles at 1 C. This work highlights the coupling effect of structure and composition on the chemical‐mechanical properties, and the concept will spur more researches on the cathodes that share the same sublattice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layered transition metal oxide cathodes have been one of the dominant cathodes for lithium‐ion batteries with efficient Li+ intercalation chemistry. However, limited by the weak layered interaction and unstable surface, mechanical and chemical failure plagues their electrochemical performance, especially for Ni‐rich cathodes. Here, adopting a simultaneous elemental‐structural atomic arrangement control based on the intrinsic Ni−Co−Mn system, the surface role is intensively investigated. Within the invariant oxygen sublattice of the crystal, a robust surface with the synergistic concentration gradient and layered‐spinel intertwined structure is constructed on the model single‐crystalline Ni‐rich cathode. With mechanical strain dissipation and chemical erosion suppression, the cathode exhibits an impressive capacity retention of 82 % even at the harsh 60 °C after 150 cycles at 1 C. This work highlights the coupling effect of structure and composition on the chemical‐mechanical properties, and the concept will spur more researches on the cathodes that share the same sublattice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The negative coordination of growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) and growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRH-R) involves in the repair processes of cellular injury. The allosteric U- or H-like modified GHRH dimer Grinodin and 2Y were comparatively evaluated in normal Kunming mice and hamster infertility models induced by CPA treatment. 1–3–9 µg of Grinodin or 2Y per hamster stem-cell-exhaustion model was subcutaneously administered once a week, respectively inducing 75–69–46 or 45–13–50 % of birth rates. In comparison, the similar mole of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) or human growth hormone (hGH) was administered once a day but caused just 25 or 20 % of birth rates. Grinodin induced more big ovarian follicles and corpora lutea than 2Y , hMG, hGH. The hMG-treated group was observed many distorted interstitial cells and more connective tissues and the hGH-treated group had few ovarian follicles. 2Y had a plasma lifetime of 21 days and higher GH release in mice, inducing lower birth rate and stronger individual specificity in reproduction as well as only promoting the proliferation of mesenchymal-stem-cells (MSCs) in the models. In comparison, Grinodin had a plasma lifetime of 30 days and much lower GH release in mice. It significantly promoted the proliferation and activation of ovarian MSCs together with the development of follicles in the models by increasing Ki67 and GHS-R expressions, and decreasing GHRH-R expression in a dose-dependent manner. However, the high GH and excessive estrogen levels in the models showed a dose-dependent reduction in fertility. Therefore, unlike 2Y , the low dose of Grinodin specifically shows low GHS-R and high GHRH-R expressions thus evades GH and estrogen release and improves functions of organs, resulting in an increase of fertility. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Period cut-off and period–colour relation are two special characters of W UMa-type contact binaries. In the past, many authors noted these two properties, however, a comprehensive study was still lacking. In order to reveal a theoretical mechanism behind these two peculiarities, we collected 365 contact binaries whose orbital periods, mass ratios, masses, and radii are compiled and attempted to make this idea come true by statistical means. Then, we obtained a lower limit (0.15 d) of orbital period by studying the correlation among four physical parameters (orbital period P , mass ratio q , mass of primary star M 1, and separation between two components a). Furthermore, we used the most reliable parameters (P and q) to check our result, fortunately, all evidence indicated that our predicted value is credible. In the end, the reason why the period–colour relation exists was also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hybrid solid/liquid electrolyte with superior security facilitates the implementation of high‐energy‐density storage devices, but it suffers from inferior chemical compatibility with cathodes. Herein, an optimal lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate salt was introduced to build in situ an amorphous cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) between Ni‐rich cathodes and hybrid electrolyte. The CEI preserves the surface structure with high compatibility, leading to enhanced interfacial stability. Meanwhile, the space‐charge layer can be prominently mitigated at the solid/solid interface via harmonized chemical potentials, acquiring promoted interfacial dynamics as revealed by COMSOL simulation. Consequently, the amorphous CEI integrates the bifunctionality to provide an excellent cycling stability, high Coulombic efficiency, and favorable rate capability in high‐voltage Li‐metal batteries, innovating the design philosophy of functional CEI strategy for future high‐energy‐density batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hybrid solid/liquid electrolyte with superior security facilitates the implementation of high‐energy‐density storage devices, but it suffers from inferior chemical compatibility with cathodes. Herein, an optimal lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate salt was introduced to build in situ an amorphous cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) between Ni‐rich cathodes and hybrid electrolyte. The CEI preserves the surface structure with high compatibility, leading to enhanced interfacial stability. Meanwhile, the space‐charge layer can be prominently mitigated at the solid/solid interface via harmonized chemical potentials, acquiring promoted interfacial dynamics as revealed by COMSOL simulation. Consequently, the amorphous CEI integrates the bifunctionality to provide an excellent cycling stability, high Coulombic efficiency, and favorable rate capability in high‐voltage Li‐metal batteries, innovating the design philosophy of functional CEI strategy for future high‐energy‐density batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secondary components of W UMa-type contact binaries (CBs) have many special properties, two of them are excess in radius and luminosity. In order to make these specialties clear, we propose radial density distribution to roughly detect the interior structure of the secondaries in CBs. By comparing the radial density distribution between secondary components of CBs and main-sequence stars, we find the radial density distribution of secondaries in A-subtype CBs are similar to main-sequence stars whose masses higher than 1.8 M sun, which suggests that these two kinds of stars may have some evolutionary relationship. While secondary components of W-subtype CBs are closely connected with stars whose masses lower than 1.8 M sun. Then, we investigate the mass–luminosity relation of secondaries in CBs, the big differences between two subtypes suggests that the overluminosity of secondaries in these two subtypes are caused by two different reasons. Overluminosity in A-subtype is because the secondary components are evolved from initial more massive stars, while in W-subtype is due to energy transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid-state batteries provide a safe and high energy density solution to next-generation energy storage devices. However, unsatisfactory power capability and cycling stability raised from lithium diffusion resistance and catalytic reaction at the electrode/electrolyte interface critically restrict their development. In this study, these interfacial issues are ameliorated by LiBO 2 coating to achieve the successful implementation of nickel-rich LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 in poly(ether-acrylate) based solid-state batteries. The continuous coating acts not only as a physical barrier hindering the decomposition of polymer electrolyte but also as a buffer layer promoting lithium diffusion across the space charge layer owing to its electronic insulativity and ionic conductivity. In consequence, the LiBO 2 coated nickel-rich cathode delivers superior cycling stability with a capacity retention of 84.3% during 150 cycles at 0.5C, remarkably improved lithium diffusion kinetics with an order of magnitude increase in apparent diffusion coefficient and prominent power performance with 97 mA h g−1 at 2C. The effectiveness of inserting such functional interlayer emphasizes the essentiality of interfacial chemistry in building high-performance solid-state Li metal batteries. Image 1 • LiBO 2 coating is constructed on nickel-rich layered LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2. • Coating provides a physical barrier against decomposition of polymer electrolyte. • LiBO 2 suppresses the space charge layer and promotes interfacial ion diffusion. • Cathode shows improved cycling and power capability in solid-state batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • A practical galinstan based minichannel cooling system was developed, which can dissipate heat 300 W/cm2 and 1500 W. • The thermal performance and hydrodynamic characteristic of galinstan based minichannel heat sink was evaluated. • The heat capacity thermal resistance was an important factor for galinstan based minichannel cooling. • The pressure losses of galinstan minichannel heat sink was far lower than the water microchannel heat sink. • This cooling system can operate silently, steadily and smoothly. Abstract This paper is dedicated to experimentally investigate the liquid galinstan based minichannel cooling for high heat flux and large heat power thermal management. Firstly, a compact electromagnetic pump towards effectively driving liquid metals was developed, which can provide high pressure head up to 100 kPa. Then, the minichannel heat sink was designed and manufactured, with width of channel 1 mm, height of channel 5 mm. Furthermore, the galinstan based minichannel cooling system was established and experimentally tested under different heating loads and pumping powers. The results show that galinstan based minichannel cooling system can dissipate heat with heat flux 300 W/cm2 and heat power 1500 W. And the thermal performance and hydrodynamic characteristic of minichannel heat sink using galinstan as coolant were obtained. It indicates that compared to water based minichannel cooling, galinstan based minichannel cooling can obtain a rather larger heat transfer enhancement, and the pressure losses of galistan based minichannel heat sink is much lower than that of water based microchannel cooling. Moreover, it is also found that heat capacity thermal resistance becomes a rather important factor for the thermal performance of galinstan based minichannel, due to the high thermal conductivity and lower heat capacity of galinstan. Furthermore, the galinstan based minichannel cooling system can operate silently, steadily and smoothly by using electromagnetic pump, which has no moving parts. Overall, the galinstan based minichannel cooling is proven to be a powerful and practical way for the thermal management of high heat flux and large heat power devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Bacillus thuringiensis BMB181 synthesizes melanin via homogentisic acid pathway (HGA pathway). • A point mutation of hmgA was responsible for melanin accumulation in Bt BMB181. • In Bacillus cereus group, the HGA pathway maybe a common synthesis pathway of melanin. • Deletion mutant of hmgA can confer Bt strains UV protect ability by melanin accumulation. Abstract Bacillus thuringiensis BMB181 (Bt BMB181), with high melanin production, is an ideal candidate for industrial scale production of light-stable insecticides. However, its melanogenic pathways remain unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that Bt BMB181 failed to produce melanin after treatment with mesotrione, an inhibitor of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase in the homogentisic acid pathway of melanin synthesis. Heterologous expression experiments suggested that homogentisate-1,2-dioxygenase (HmgA) in Bt BMB171 functions normally, yet HmgA in Bt BMB181 had lost its activity, at least partly. Using the CRISPR-Cas9 system, the hmgA gene in Bt BMB171 was knocked out and the mutant strain gained the ability to produce melanin. Furthermore, the complemented strain reverted to the wild-type phenotype. In addition, overexpression of its own hmgA gene in Bt BMB181 also resulted in failure to produce the pigment. BLAST results indicated that the amino acid alteration (G272E) in HmgA of Bt BMB181 was caused by a single point mutation (815G→ A). The enzyme activity of purified HmgA171 was more than 10-fold higher than that of HmgA181. Finally, we determined that the mutation in hmgA was responsible for melanin accumulation in Bt BMB181. Our results provided new insights into the synthesis and regulation of melanin production in B.thuringiensis and will promote its future industrial application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Solid‐state Li secondary batteries may become high energy density storage devices for the next generation of electric vehicles, depending on the compatibility of electrode materials and suitable solid electrolytes. Specifically, it is a great challenge to obtain a stable interface between these solid electrolytes and cathodes. Herein, this issue can be effectively addressed by constructing a poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐butadiene) coated layer onto the surface of LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 cathode materials. The polymer layer plays a vital role in working as a protective shell to retard side reaction and ameliorate the contact of the solid–solid interface during the cycling process. In the resultant solid‐state batteries, both rate capacity (99 mA h g−1 at 3 C) and cycling stability (75% capacity retention after 400 cycles) are improved after coating. This impressive performance highlights the great importance of layer modification in the cathode and inspires the development of solid‐state batteries toward practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid capacity decay caused by the poor contact and large polarization at the interface between the cathode and solid electrolytes is still a big challenge to overcome for high-power-density solid batteries. In this study, a superior Li+ conductive transition layer Li1.4Al0.4Ti1.6(PO4)3 is introduced to coat LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2, as a model cathode, to mitigate polarization and enhance dynamic characteristics. The critical attribute for such superior dynamics is investigated by the atomic force microscopy with boundary potential analysis, revealing that the formed interfacial transition layer provides a gradual potential slope and sustain-released polarization, and endows the battery with improved cycling stability (90% after 100 cycles) and excellent rate capability (116 mA h g-1 at 2 C) at room temperature, which enlightens the comprehension of interface engineering in the future solid batteries systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extra-hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) plays an important role in infertility. The female infertility models were formed by intraperitoneally injecting cyclophosphamide in 5-week-old Chinese hamster once in a week for 5 weeks. All the models mated with healthy male hamster in the ratio of 1:1 in the experimental 6–8th week and the couples were separated to breed in the 9–10th week. 20 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide induced temporary interference of reproduction and did not cause significant difference in the weight of body, bilateral ovaries, or liver. By intramuscularly injecting twice in a week during the experimental 4–10th week, 2, 4, 8 mg/kg of Grin induced 30, 42.9, 60% of total pregnancy rates in a dose-dependent manner whereas 200 U/kg of hMG induced 50% of total pregnancy rates. The single cyclophosphamide dose caused strongly eosinophilic ovarian cells, scattered early follicles, many atretic follicles, and no corpora luteum was observed. The hMG group individually presents many follicles at all levels, especially secondary ones in the ovarian cortex and medulla. Much of loose connective tissue, vacuoles, and sparse interstitial cells distribute in the medulla. Grin induced many follicles at all dose levels and corpora lutea in the cortex, and the compactly aligned interstitial cells occurred in the whole ovarian tissue. The less TUNEL staining and higher expression of ki67 showed the proliferation and protection effect of Grin on ovarian cells. Grin obviously promotes fertility by up-regulating ovarian GHRH receptor and strengthening the development and maturation of follicles without triggering central and ovarian GH secretion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the formation of calcium phosphate microliths in the alveoli. Mutations in the gene encoding the solute carrier family 34 member 2 gene are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of PAM. Although PAM can develop in children, the majority of patients with PAM are diagnosed in adulthood due to the slow progressive nature of the disease within the lungs. In childhood, the majority of patients with PAM are asymptomatic and changes in the lung parenchyma are usually identified incidentally. Symptoms of PAM typically appear in the third or fourth decade of life and there is often a notable dissociation between the advanced radiological findings and the mild clinical presentation. A positive diagnosis of PAM is reached by the combination of a positive chest radiograph and histological examination. Genetic testing may help to identify other latent patients in the family of the patient with PAM. In the present study, the cases of 3 patients diagnosed with PAM have been reported, including their clinical presentation, radio imaging, pathological symptoms, genetic test results and treatment plans, as well as the associated literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The orbital period variations of two W UMa-type contact binaries, UY UMa and EF Boo, are analyzed by using all available times of light minimum. It is detected that the general trends of their ( O − C ) curves show an upward parabolic variation, which reveals their continuous period increases at the rates of d P / d t = 2.545 × 10 − 7 days yr − 1 and d P / d t = 2.623 × 10 − 7 days yr − 1 , respectively. Meanwhile, UY UMa also shows a cyclic period variation with a small amplitude of A = 0.0026 days superposed on the long-term increase. Due to their contact configurations, the secular period increases are interpreted as a result of mass transfer from the less massive component to the more massive one. The cyclic period variation of UY UMa may be interpreted in terms of either the magnetic activity or the light time effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present research, the impacts of Ce additions at various concentrations (0, 1.0, 3.4, and 4.0 wt.%) on the evolution of the microstructure, mechanical properties, and thermal conductivity of as-cast and as-extruded Mg-3Sn alloys were investigated. The findings demonstrate that adding Ce caused the creation of a new ternary MgSnCe phase in the magnesium matrix. Some new Mg17Ce2 phases are generated in the microstructure when Ce levels reach 4%. The thermal conductivity of the Mg-3Sn alloy is significantly improved due to Ce addition, and the Mg-3Sn-3.4Ce alloy exhibits the highest thermal conductivity, up to 133.8 W/(m·K) at 298 K. After extrusion, both the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties are further improved. The thermal conductivity perpendicular to the extrusion direction of Mg-3Sn-3.4Ce alloy could achieve 136.28 W/(m·K), and the tensile and yield strengths reach 264.3 MPa and 227.2 MPa, with an elongation of 7.9%. Adding Ce decreases the dissolved Sn atoms and breaks the eutectic α-Mg and Mg2Sn network organization, leading to a considerable increase in the thermal conductivity of as-cast Mg-3Sn alloys. Weakening the deformed grain texture contributed to the further enhancement of the thermal conductivity after extrusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Patients and Methods Results Conclusion This study aims to investigate the role of recombinant human type III collagen (RHC3) in preventing abdominal adhesion.The amino acid sequence was analysed to determine the content of GPP fragments. RHC3 was co‐cultured with macrophages, and the phenotypic classification of macrophages was based on immunofluorescence detection of inducible nitric oxide synthase for M1 macrophages and arginase 1 for M2 macrophages. This approach was used to assess the impact of RHC3 on promoting M2 polarisation. Levels of inflammatory factor levels, including interleukin 1‐beta (IL‐1β), tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), and IL‐10, were quantified using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate the improvement in inflammatory response. The capability of RHC3 to prevent abdominal adhesions was assessed by rinsing the abdominal cavity in an animal model.RHC3 contains GPP fragments that account for over 5% of its amino acid sequence. Cell studies indicated that RHC3 induced M2 polarisation in macrophages, significantly reduced levels of pro‐inflammatory factors (IL‐1β and TNF‐α), and significantly increased levels of the anti‐inflammatory factor IL‐10. Similarly, animal studies demonstrated a significant reduction in abdominal adhesion scores.These results suggest that RHC3 exhibits notable inflammation‐ameliorating activity and effectively prevents abdominal adhesions when used as a lavage solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black phosphorus (BP) has been recognized as an ideal anode material for fast‐charging lithium (Li)‐ion capacitors (LICs) due to its high theoretical capacity (2596 mAh g−1), appropriate lithiation potential (0.7 V vs Li+/Li) and fast ion diffusion capability. However, large volume change and soluble polyphosphides (LixPs)‐based intermediates during charging‐discharging process seriously deteriorate cycling performance. To address the aforementioned issues, an elaborated design is reported on the binder for BP electrode. The ‐NH2 polar functional group in grafted chitosan (GCS) binder presents strong chemical anchoring effect for both BP and soluble LixPs, achieving superior adhesion force and LixPs constraining capability for enhanced structure integrity of BP electrode. In addition, GCS exhibits strong Li‐ion binding energy that promotes the Li‐ion adsorption at electrode level, leading to a boosted cycle life for BP. As a result, the graphene (G) incorporated BP electrode using GCS binder shows specific capacity of 997.6 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles at 1 A g−1. This study unravels the crucial role of functional groups for binder in high‐performance BP electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The packaging materials with cushioning performance are used to prevent the internal contents from being damaged by the impact and vibration of external forces. The polyurethane microcellular elastomers (PUMEs) can absorb energy through cell collapse and molecular chain creep. In this study, PUMEs with different densities were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis and dynamic compression tests. PUMEs exhibited significant impact resistance and the maximum peak stress attenuation ratio reached 73.33%. The protective equipment was made by PUME with the optimal density of 600 kg/m3, and then the acceleration sensing device installed with the same protective equipment fell from a height of 3, 5 and 10 m to evaluate the energy-absorbing property and reusability of PUMEs. The results showed that PUMEs equipment reduced the peak acceleration of the device by 93.84%, with a maximum deviation of 9% between actual test and simulation, and shortened the impact time of first landing by 57.39%. In addition, the equipment PUMEs equipment could effectively reduce the stress on the protected items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In China, policy and social taboo prevent unmarried adolescents from accessing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. Research is needed to determine the SRH needs of highly disadvantaged groups, such as adolescent female sex workers (FSWs). This study describes SRH knowledge, contraception use, pregnancy, and factors associated with unmet need for modern contraception among adolescent FSWs in Kunming, China. Methods: A cross-sectional study using a one-stage cluster sampling method was employed to recruit adolescents aged 15 to 20 years, and who self-reported having received money or gifts in exchange for sex in the past 6 months. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered by trained peer educators or health workers. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to determine correlates of low knowledge and unmet need for modern contraception. Results: SRH knowledge was poor among the 310 adolescents surveyed; only 39% had heard of any long-acting reversible contraception (implant, injection or IUD). Despite 98% reporting not wanting to get pregnant, just 43% reported consistent condom use and 28% currently used another form of modern contraception. Unmet need for modern contraception was found in 35% of adolescents, and was associated with having a current non-paying partner, regular alcohol use, and having poorer SRH knowledge. Past abortion was common (136, 44%). In the past year, 76% had reported a contraception consultation but only 27% reported ever receiving SRH information from a health service. Conclusions: This study demonstrated a low level of SRH knowledge, a high unmet need for modern contraception and a high prevalence of unintended pregnancy among adolescent FSWs in Kunming. Most girls relied on condoms, emergency contraception, or traditional methods, putting them at risk of unwanted pregnancy. This study identifies an urgent need for Chinese adolescent FSWs to be able to access quality SRH information and effective modern contraception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Liquid nitrogen was used as a coolant in the freeze-drying method to synthesize nano-Li3V2(PO4)3/reduced graphene oxide (LVPGN) for the first time. In this material, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) (6.6 wt% in content) formed a 3D-framework and Li3V2(PO4)3 nanoparticles (30–150 nm) were strongly adhered to the surface of the rGO and enwrapped into the rGO sheets uniformly. The LVP nanoparticles can decrease the lithium ion diffusion length and the rGO can effectively improve the electronic conductivity. The material shows great rate performance with a capacity of 105.7 mAh g−1 at 20C for 3.0–4.3 V, and a good cycling performance with a discharge capacity of 123.2 mAh g−1 (96.7% of the first discharge capacity 127.4 mAh g−1) after 100 cycles at 0.1C. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objectives In China, considerable stigma surrounds sexual activity, contraception use and abortion among young unmarried women, and sex work remains illegal. This study examines characteristics of adolescent female sex workers (FSWs) associated with contraceptive use and abortion in Kunming, China. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2010 and February 2011. Adolescent FSWs were recruited using snowball and convenience sampling. We present descriptive statistics, comparative analyses of socio-demographic and reproductive characteristics of respondents who had or had not used modern contraceptives, and assessed factors associated with prior abortion using simple odds ratios (ORs) and multivariate logistic regression adjustments. Results Twenty-seven percent of adolescent FSWs had never used any modern contraceptive. Condoms (69%) and oral contraceptives (38%) were most commonly reported, and less than 3% had ever relied on an intrauterine device. We found low rates of dual protection (34%). About half of the respondents reported one or more lifetime abortions. Inconsistent condom use, frequent alcohol use and longer-term cohabitation were associated with prior abortion. Conclusions Low consistent utilisation of modern contraceptives and of dual protection, and high rates of abortion, highlight the urgent need for early contact and continuous provision of comprehensive reproductive health services for adolescent FSWs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] A pcu network based on dinuclear Ni(II) units has been hydrothermally synthesized. [•] Two Ni(II) ions are bridged by two carboxylate groups in the syn-anti mode. [•] The dominant ferromagnetic interactions exist between Ni(II) ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A 3D ten-connected self-penetrating network based on the pentacobalt(II) clusters, [Co5(1,4-ndc)4(OH)2(1,3-bix)2]n (1) (1,4-H2ndc=1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid; 1,3-bix=1,3-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene), is synthesized and characterized. Topological analysis indicates that it has ile-364345362 network. The magnetic data reveals the dominant antiferromagnetic interactions between the Co(II) cations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Activation CRF-R2 augments complex spike activity of mouse cerebellar PCs. • UCN III increases amplitude of CF-PC EPSCs and decreases paired-pulse ratio. • Effect of UCN III on CF-PC EPSCs is abolished by bath application of PKA inhibitor. • Effect of UCN III on CF-PC EPSCs is persisted by blocking intracellular PKA of PCs. Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) type 2 receptor (CRF-R2) is present in climbing fiber (CF) afferents, which involves in modulating the CF-Purkinje cell (PC) synaptic transmission in cerebellar cortex. However, the role of CRF-R2 in regulating CF-PC synaptic transmission is unclear. We here investigate the role of CRF-R2 in modulating PC complex spikes (CSs) activity and CF-PC synaptic transmission using electrophysiological recording techniques and pharmacological methods. Cerebellar surface application of a selective CRF-R2 agonist, urocortin III (UCN III; 300 nM) induced an enhancement of CSs activity, which expressed an increase in number of CSs spikelets and pause of simple spike firing of cerebellar PCs in urethane anesthetized mice. The CSs activity was also enhanced by CRF (300 nM) in the presence of CRF-R1 antagonist, which was abolished by CRF-R2 antagonist. Under in vitro conditions, bath application of UCN III increased CF-PC synaptic transmission, which exhibited a time-dependent increase in amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs), accompanied by a decrease in paired-pulse ratio (PPR). In addition, bath application of CRF (100 nM) induced an increase in amplitude of EPSCs and a decrease in PPR in the absence of CRF-R1 activity. UCN-induced enhancement of CF-PC synaptic transmission was abolished by bath application of protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, KT5720 (100 nM), but it was not prevented by inhibiting intracellular PKA with PKI (5 μM). These results indicate that activation of CRF-R2 augments CF-PC synaptic transmission through a presynaptic PKA signaling pathway in the mouse cerebellar cortex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A further phytochemical investigation on the whole plants of Ypsilandra thibetica yielded three new spirostane glycosides, named ypsilandrosides M-O ( 1- 3). Their structures were established as (3 β,11 α,25 R)-3,11-dihydroxyspirost-5-en-12-one 3-{ O-α- L-rhanmopyranosyl-(1→4)- O- L-rhanmopyranosyl-(1→4)- O-[ α- L-rhanmopyranosyl-(1→2)]- β- D-glucopyranoside} ( 1), (3 β,7 β,25 R)-spirost-5-ene-3,7-diol 3-{ O-α- L-rhanmopyranosyl-(1→4)- O- α- L-rhanmopyranosyl-(1→4)- O-[ α- L-rhanmopyranosyl-(1→2)]- β- D-glucopyranoside} ( 2), and (3 β,7 α,25 R)-spirost-5-ene-3,7,17-triol 3-{ O-α- L-rhanmopyranosyl-(1→4)- O- α- L-rhanmopyranosyl-(1→4)- O-[ α- L-rhanmopyranosyl-(1→2)]- β- D-glucopyranoside} ( 3) by means of a combination of MS, 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic methods, and chemical degradation. Among them, compound 3 is the first pennogenin (=(3 β,25 R)-spirost-5-ene-3,17-diol) saponin whose aglycone contains an OH group at C(7). Compounds 1- 3 were evaluated for the inhibition of the growth of five tumor cell lines, but all of them proved to be inactive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gaseous detonation propagating in a toroidal chamber was numerically studied for hydrogen/oxygen/nitrogen mixtures. The numerical method used is based on the three-dimensional Euler equations with detailed finiterate chemistry. The results show that the calculated streak picture is in qualitative agreement with the picture recorded by a high speed streak camera from published literature. The three-dimensional flow field induced by a continuously rotating detonation was visualized and distinctive features of the rotating detonations were clearly depicted. Owing to the unconfined character of detonation wavelet, a deficit of detonation parameters was observed. Due to the effects of wall geometries, the strength of the outside detonation front is stronger than that of the inside portion. The detonation thus propagates with a constant circular velocity. Numerical simulation also shows three-dimensional rotating detonation structures, which display specific feature of the detonationshock combined wave. Discrete burning gas pockets are formed due to instability of the discontinuity. It is believed that the present study could give an insight into the interesting properties of the continuously rotating detonation, and is thus beneficial to the design of continuous detonation propulsion systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In recent years, relevance feedback has been studied extensively as a way to improve performance of content-based image retrieval (CBIR). Since users are usually unwilling to provide much feedback, the insufficiency of training samples limits the success of relevance feedback. In this paper, we propose two strategies to tackle this problem: (i) to make relevance feedback more informative by presenting representative images for users to label; (ii) to make use of unlabeled data in the training process. As a result, an active feedback framework is proposed, consisting of two components, representative image selection and label propagation. For practical implementation of this framework, we develop two coupled algorithms corresponding to the two components, namely, overlapped subspace clustering and multi-subspace label propagation. Experimental results on a very large-scale image collection demonstrated the high effectiveness of the proposed active feedback framework. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: To better understand the outcome of the interaction between TNF-related apoptosis-inducing factor (TRAIL) and tumor cells, we studied TRAIL-resistant melanoma cells resulting from prolonged exposure to TRAIL and found that they had higher proliferative activity than the parental cells both in vitro and in vivo. This was associated with reduced p53 and p21 expression and increased activation of Erk1/2 and Akt. Accelerated proliferation was not due to TRAIL-mediated signaling but appeared to be the result of selection of previously existing, characteristically distinct cells. Moreover, responses of p53 to stimulation in the TRAIL-resistant cells appeared to be impaired. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this paper, an image watermarking scheme is developed using the tree-based spatial-frequency feature of wavelet transform. With our approach, the watermark sequence is inserted in those high activity texture regions of an image having the maximum strength of just noticeable distortion (JND) tolerance of the human visual system (HVS). Simulation results show that the proposed method achieves a good compromise between the robustness and transparency. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

TRAIL appears to be a promising anticancer agent in that it induces apoptosis in a wide range of cancer cells but not normal tissues. Sensitivity of melanoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis varied considerably because of their development of various resistance mechanisms against apoptosis. We discuss in this report the potential effect of a histone deacetylase inhibitor SBHA on TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors regulate histone acetylation and thereby modulate the transcriptional activity of certain genes leading to cell growth arrest, cellular differentiation, and apoptosis. Suberic bishydroxamate (SBHA) is a relatively new HDAC inhibitor that induced apoptosis in the majority of melanoma cell lines through a mitochondrial and caspase-dependent pathway. This was due to its regulation of the expression of multiple proteins that are involved in either the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway (Bcl-2 family members) or the final phase of apoptosis (caspase-3 and XIAP). Co-treatment with SBHA at nontoxic doses and TRAIL resulted in a marked increase in TRAIL-induced apoptosis of melanoma, but showed no toxicity to melanocytes. SBHA appeared to sensitize melanoma to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by up-regulation of pro-apoptotic proteins in the TRAIL-induced apoptotic pathway such as caspase-8, caspase-3, Bid, Bak, and Bax, and up-regulation of the BH3 domain only protein, Bim. This, together with activated Bid, may have acted synergistically to cause changes in mitochondria. Treatment with SBHA also resulted in down-regulation of antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family, Bcl-XL and Mcl-1, and the IAP member, XIAP. These changes would further facilitate apoptotic signaling. SBHA appeared therefore to be a potent agent in overcoming resistance of melanoma to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper reports on a new key frame based video abstraction method. With our method, a video sequence is first segmented into a number of video shots. Several key frames are selected in each shot using a dynamic selection technique. For these key frames, a motion-based clustering algorithm is applied so that key frames in the same cluster are alike in sense of motion compensation error, while those from different clusters are quit dissimilar. Then a novel cluster-based coding scheme is developed for efficient representation of the key frames. Simulations show that the proposed method can select key frames according to the dynamics of a video sequence and abstract the video with different levels of scalability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We have previously shown that Smac/DIABLO release from mitochondria appears to be the principal pathway by which TRAIL induces apoptosis of human melanoma. We report that TRAIL-induced release of Smac/DIABLO appears to be downregulated by concomitant signaling through the MEK Erk1/2 kinase pathway and that this inhibits TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of Erk1/2 signaling by either the MEK inhibitor U0126 or a dominant-negative mutant of MKK1 markedly sensitized melanoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. The site in the apoptotic pathway acted on by U0126 appeared to be downstream of caspase-8 and Bid but upstream of caspase-3 in that the levels of proteolytic cleavage of caspase-8 and Bid by TRAIL were similar in cells with or without exposure to U0126. Caspase-3 activation and cleavage of its substrates, PARP, ICAD and XIAP, were however increased by cotreatment with U0126. This was associated with a rapid reduction in mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MMP) and increased release of Smac/DIABLO into the cytosol. Exploration of events leading to the changes in MMP revealed an increased translocation of Bax from the cytosol to mitochondria in the presence of U0126. There was also a delayed decrease in the levels of expression of Mcl-1. Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. Over expression of Bcl-2 blocked TRAIL-induced apoptosis in the presence of U0126. Cytochrome c appeared not to play a major role in sensitization of melanoma to TRAIL in that caspase-9 activation was not detected in most of the cell lines. These results suggest that Erk1/2 signaling may protect melanoma cells against TRAIL-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the relocation of Bax from the cytosol to mitochondria and that this may reduce TRAIL-mediated release of Smac/DIABLO and induction of apoptosis.Oncogene (2003) 22, 2869-2881. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206427 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sporadic parathyroid adenoma (PA) is the most common cause of hyperparathyroidism, yet the mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. Methods: Surgically removed PA samples, along with normal parathyroid gland (PG) tissues that were incidentally dissected during total thyroidectomy, were analysed using single‐cell RNA‐sequencing with the 10× Genomics Chromium Droplet platform and Cell Ranger software. Gene set variation analysis was conducted to characterise hallmark pathway gene signatures, and single‐cell regulatory network inference and clustering were utilised to analyse transcription factor regulons. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were performed to validate cellular components of PA tissues. siRNA knockdown and gene overexpression, alongside quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and cell proliferation assays, were conducted for functional investigations. Results: There was a pervasive increase in gene transcription in PA cells (PACs) compared with PG cells. This is associated with high expression of histone‐lysine N‐methyltransferase 2A (KMT2A). High KMT2A levels potentially contribute to promoting PAC proliferation through upregulation of the proto‐oncogene CCND2, which is mediated by the transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3). PA tissues are heavily infiltrated with myeloid cells, while fibroblasts, endothelial cells and macrophages in PA tissues are commonly enriched with proinflammatory gene signatures relative to their counterparts in PG tissues. Conclusions: We revealed the previously underappreciated involvement of the KMT2A‒STAT3/GATA3‒CCND2 axis and chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of PA. These findings underscore the therapeutic promise of KMT2A inhibition and anti‐inflammatory strategies, highlighting the need for future investigations to translate these molecular insights into practical applications. Highlights: Single‐cell RNA‐sequencing reveals a transcriptome catalogue comparing sporadic parathyroid adenomas (PAs) with normal parathyroid glands.PA cells show a pervasive increase in gene expression linked to KMT2A upregulation.KMT2A‐mediated STAT3 and GATA3 upregulation is key to promoting PA cell proliferation via cyclin D2.PAs exhibit a proinflammatory microenvironment, suggesting a potential role of chronic inflammation in PA pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the doses used clinically, chemotherapy is believed to kill melanoma by a final common 'mitochondrial' pathway that leads to apoptosis. Similarly, several natural defence mechanisms kill melanoma by the same pathways. A corollary to the latter is that survival of melanoma in the host is due to the development of anti-apoptotic mechanisms in melanoma cells. What are these mechanisms? And how might we bypass them to improve the treatment of melanoma? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A norbisabolane and an arabitol benzoate, Talaromarnine A (1), Talaromarnine B (2), together with eight known compounds were obtained from cultures of Talaromyces marneffei, an endophytic fungus of Epilobium angustifolium. Their structures were elucidated by IR, MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra, and their absolute configuration was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and molecular computation. These compounds were tested for monoamine oxidase, acetylcholinesterase and PI3K inhibitory activity, but no compounds exhibited significant activities. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) in children and adolescents is a rare type of T/NK cell neoplasms. The aim of the present study was to analyze the clinicopathological and genetic features of this rare entity of lymphoma. We evaluated the clinical, histopathological and molecular features of 22 young people with NKTCL, including 15 males and 7 females, with a median age of 15 years. The results revealed that the nasal site was the most involved region while non-nasal sites were observed in 27.3% out of all cases. The tumor cells were composed of small‑sized to large cells and 19 (86.4%) cases exhibited coagulative necrosis. The neoplastic cells in all patients were positive for CD3 and the cytotoxic markers. Nineteen (86.4%) cases were positive for CD56. Reduced expression of CD5 was observed in all available cases. CD30 was heterogeneously expressed in 15 (75.0%) cases. All 22 patients were EBV positive. Seven (36.8%) out of all the 19 patients during the follow-up died of the disease, and the median follow‑up period was 44 months. Moreover, patients treated with radiotherapy/chemotherapy showed significantly inferior OS compared with the untreated patients. High mutation frequencies were detected including KMT2C (5/5), MST1 (5/5), HLA-A (3/5) and BCL11A (3/5), which involved in modifications, tumor suppression and immune surveillance. These results suggest that NKTCL in children and adolescents exhibits histopathological and immunohistochemical features similar to the cases in adults. Active treatment is necessary after the diagnosis of NKTCL is confirmed. Furthermore, genetic analyse may provide a deep understanding of this rare disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 3D network based on the trinuclear cobalt(II) clusters, [Co 3 (bta) 2 (bib) 2 ] ( 1 ) (H 3 bta = 1,3,5-benzenetriacetic acid; bib = 1,3-bis(1-imidazoly)benzene), is synthesized and characterized. Topological analysis indicates that it has a unique binodal (3,8)-connected tfz - d network with the Schläfli symbol of (4 3 ) 2 (4 6 ·6 18 ·8 4 ). Interestingly, the magnetic data reveals the dominant antiferromagnetic interactions between the Co (II) cations within the trinuclear cluster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biological safety of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) has gradually attracted attention. However, few studies of their toxicity to the intestine and mechanism are available. In this study, their primary structures were characterized, and their subacute toxicity to mice was investigated. After 2 weeks of intragastric administration of MSNs, they significantly enhanced serum ALP, ALT, AST and TNF-α levels and caused infiltration of inflammatory cells in the spleen and intestines. MSNs induced intestinal oxidative stress and colonic epithelial cell apoptosis in mice. Intestinal epithelial cells exhibited mitochondrial ridge rupture and membrane potential decrease after MSN treatment. Additionally, MSNs increased ROS and NLRP3 levels and inhibited expression of the autophagy proteins LC3-II and Beclin1. MSNs significantly changed the intestinal flora diversity in mice, especially for harmful bacteria, leading to intestinal microecology imbalance. Meanwhile, MSNs influenced the expression of metabolites, which were involved in a range of metabolic pathways, including pyrimidine metabolism, central carbon metabolism in cancer, protein digestion and absorption, mineral absorption, ABC transport and purine metabolism. These results indicated that the subacute toxicity of mesoporous silicon was mainly caused by intestinal damage. Thus, our research provides additional evidence about the safe dosage of MSNs in the clinical and food industries. ga1 • MSNs caused intestinal inflammatory damage. • MSNs led to mitochondrial damage and autophagy inhibition. • MSNs induced disorder of microecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The systematic study of potential alterations in lymphoid infiltrates during tumour growth is extremely limited in humans. Therefore, development of a model utilizing a spontaneously arising mammary adenocarcinoma in Dark Agouti rats was adopted for the study of the dynamics of lymphoid cell infiltration during tumour development. Syngeneic rats were inoculated with tumour cell suspensions and the tumours were resected from 5 to 15 days. Serial sections were immunohistochemically stained using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Irrespective of tumour age, ED2 (macrophages) and W3/25 (CD4)-positive cells were the most prominent cell infiltrates in tumours. There were no significant differences in cell counts for any marker between 8-day and 15-day tumours. However, in 5-day tumours there were significantly fewer macrophages, OX19+ T cells, W3/25+ cells, OX8+ (CD8) cells and OX62+ dendritic cells. Interleukin-2 receptor α chain expression was low at all examined stages of tumour growth, indicating a lack of tumour infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) activation and/or possible TIL anergy. B cell staining was absent in all tumours, negating the possibility of these cells mediating coregulatory signals for TIL activation in the micro-environment of established tumours. The results parallel previous immunohistochemical findings in humans, suggesting that a dysfunctional local immune response in breast cancer may be determined very early during tumour development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The computer vision technique has been rapidly adopted in cow lameness detection research due to its noncontact characteristic and moderate price. This paper attempted to summarize the research progress of computer vision in the detection of lameness. Computer vision lameness detection systems are not popular on farms, and the accuracy and applicability still need to be improved. This paper discusses the problems and development prospects of this technique from three aspects: detection methods, verification methods and application implementation. The paper aims to provide the reader with a summary of the literature and the latest advances in the field of computer vision detection of lameness in dairy cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The TP53 gene is arguably the most important tumor suppressor gene known, contributing multifaceted roles to the process of tumor development. Its protein product p53, is a crucial sequence-specific transcription factor which regulates the expression of a large network of protein-coding genes, as well as thousands of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), notably microRNAs and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs). Through a variety of direct and indirect mechanisms, ncRNAs in turn modulate p53 levels and activity. Here the numbers of studies are steadily building which link the contributions of dysregulated ncRNAs to tumorigenesis via their participation throughout the p53 regulatory network. In this review, we will examine how the principal forms of ncRNAs, namely microRNAs, lncRNAs and circular RNAs (circRNAs) function as either effectors or regulators amongst the diversity of p53′s cellular responses. We first discuss the more recently discovered connections between miRNAs and p53 signaling before focusing on the remarkable diversity of crosstalk evident between lncRNAs and p53, and subsequently, developing reports linking circRNAs to p53. Highlighted throughout the review are the mechanistic impacts of dysregulated ncRNAs on p53 functions as well as the possible prognostic implications of these interactions. We also describe the emerging connections between ncRNAs and the often-perplexing functions of mutant p53. Finally, in the context of p53 therapeutic approaches, we describe some of the challenges in ncRNA research and their potential for translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Substance use and adverse sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes continue to be significant threats to female adolescents' health and wellbeing, particularly to these marginalized subpopulations. Our research aimed to tackle knowledge gaps regarding the prevalence of concurrent substance use including alcohol, tobacco, illicit drug among Chinese adolescent female sex workers (AFSWs), while to assess the correlates between substance use and SRH risks; the needs for comprehensive SRH services were also examined in this study.Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled 310 AFSWs aged 15-19 years by using cluster sampling method in Kunming, China. Descriptive analysis was employed to characterize the participants who were regular-alcohol users, regular-tobacco users, illicit drug users and polysubstance users. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to detect the SRH correlates of regular-alcohol use, regular-tobacco use, illicit drugs and polysubstance use respectively.Results: There is a high prevalence of regular-alcohol drinking (83%, 257/310) among AFSWs, with 44% (136/310) smoking cigarettes regularly and 9% using illicit drug (27/310) in the past year. In multivariate analysis, AFSWs who had middle and high school education, had higher monthly income, experienced of sexual and gender based violence (SGBV) and prior abortion, and regular-tobacco smoking were associated with increased odds of regular-alcohol drinking; engaging in unprotected sex while drunk, having STIs symptoms and using illicit drugs were significantly associated with regular-tobacco smoking; while AFSWs who had an illicit drug using- intimate partner, experienced forced sexual initiation, accessed unsafe medical providers for STIs treatment were associate with increased odds of illicit drug use. Moreover, 35% (105/298) AFSWs sought unsafe medical care for STIs treatment, or no treatment at all, among them, majority were using polysubstance (87%; 91/105).Conclusions: Our findings reveal combined threats of substance use to AFSWs' SRH and wellbeing in China, this study emphasises that the coordinated efforts are needed to integrate SRH promotion and harm reduction service across sectors, and not only fragmented measures. An effective response should include an agreed framework, indicators and targets supported by political will, solid leadership and policy reform to deal with AFSWs' overlapping vulnerabilities in a systematic way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel integrated cooling modality was introduced and investigated. • The calculation model of fluid-solid heat transfer process coped with phase change in the packed bed was established. • The thermal management ability of composite heat sink under typical conditions has been revealed. • The influences of different stacking patterns and operating parameters on the heat transfer enhancement in the packed bed were analyzed. This paper is dedicated to investigate the integrated cooling modality that the spherical low melting point metal (LMPM) macrocapsules were introduced and filled as phase change material (PCM) into a convective cooling heat sink. The fluid-solid heat transfer process coupled with phase change in the packed bed was numerically calculated based on the local thermal non-equilibrium theory and the effective specific heat capacity model which were validated in advance by conceptual experiments. The thermal management ability of composite heat sink packed with spherical LMPM-PCM macrocapsules under typical operating conditions has been revealed. In addition, the influences of different stacking patterns of LMPM particles, particle diameter and inlet velocity on the heat transfer enhancement in the packed bed were comprehensively investigated, respectively. It is found that compared with convective cooling heat sink alone, the composite heat sink filled with LMPM-PCM macrocapsules presents excellent thermal management performance. The temperature increment of heat source in the pulse heat load is reduced by 73.4%, which fully demonstrates the advantages of filling spherical particles. Besides, the Orthoclinal Stacking method achieves the largest volumetric heat transfer coefficient among different stacking patterns of equal-diameter spherical LMPM-PCM macrocapsules. What is more, the plateau duration of the solidification is gradually shortened with the decreasing diameter of the spherical LMPM-PCM macrocapsules and the increasing inlet velocity, which is advantageous for the system to quickly rehabilitate to normal operating temperatures during the de-pulse stage. Overall, this novel integrated cooling modality is proven to be a powerful and practical way to sustain extreme thermal management challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prohibitin 2 (PHB2) exhibits opposite functions of promoting or inhibiting tumour across various cancer types. In this study, we aim to investigate its functions and underlying mechanisms in the context of gastric cancer (GC). Methods: PHB2 protein expression levels in GC and normal tissues were examined using western blot and immunohistochemistry. PHB2 expression level associations with patient outcomes were examined through Kaplan–Meier plotter analysis utilizing GEO datasets (GSE14210 and GSE29272). The biological role of PHB2 and its subsequent regulatory mechanisms were elucidated in vitro and in vivo. GC cell viability and proliferation were assessed using MTT cell viability analysis, clonogenic assays, and BrdU incorporation assays, while the growth of GC xenografted tumours was measured via IHC staining of Ki67. The interaction among PHB2 and SHIP2, as well as between SHIP2 and NEDD4, was identified through co-immunoprecipitation, GST pull-down assays, and deletion-mapping experiments. SHIP2 ubiquitination and degradation were assessed using cycloheximide treatment, plasmid transfection and co-immunoprecipitation, followed by western blot analysis. Results: Our analysis revealed a substantial increase in PHB2 expression in GC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. Notably, higher PHB2 levels correlated with poorer patient outcomes, suggesting its clinical relevance. Functionally, silencing PHB2 in GC cells significantly reduced cell proliferation and retarded GC tumour growth, whereas overexpression of PHB2 further enhanced GC cell proliferation. Mechanistically, PHB2 physically interacted with Src homology 2-containing inositol 5-phosphatase 2 (SHIP2) in the cytoplasm of GC cells, thus leading to SHIP2 degradation via its novel E3 ligase NEDD4. It subsequently activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and thus promoted GC cell proliferation. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of PHB2 upregulation in driving GC progression and its association with adverse patient outcomes. Understanding the functional impact of PHB2 on GC growth contributes valuable insights into the molecular underpinnings of GC and may pave the way for the development of targeted therapies to improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]