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By using the methods of bibliometric and content analysis, this paper conducted data mining and content research on the articles of advertising design research in China from 1992 to 2020 and analyzed the evolution context, hotspots, and sustainable development trends of advertising design research in recent 30 years. It was found that advertising design research has experienced four stages: embryonic, exploration, prosperous, integration and innovation. It mainly focused on four hotspots: collaborative research on relevant factors of advertising design, research on advertising design centered on plane media, renewal of concept and method of advertising design education, and research on advertising design and communication in the new media environment. This paper analyzed and predicted five future sustainable research directions: research on the profound transformation of advertising media in the digital age, research on nationalization theory and localization practice of advertising design, international academic dialog in the field of advertising design, research on advertising design education under the background of interdisciplinary, and sustainable social value innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellular foams are widely applied as protective and energy absorption materials in both civil and military fields. A facile and simple one-step heating method to fabricate polymeric foams is measured by adopting thermally expandable microspheres (TEMs). The ideal foaming parameters for various density foams were determined. Moreover, a mechanical testing machine and split Hopkinson bar (SHPB) were utilized to explore the quasi-static and dynamic compressive properties. Results showed that the cell sizes of the as-prepared TEMs foams were in the micrometer range of 11 μm to 20 μm with a uniform cell size distribution. All the foams exhibited good compressive behavior under both quasi-static and high strain rate conditions, and were related to both foam densities and strain rates. The compressive strength of the TEMs foams at 8400 s−1 was up to 4 times higher than that at 10−4 s−1. The effects exerted by the strain rate and sample density were evaluated by a power law equation. With increasing density, the strain rate effect was more prominent. At quasistatic strain rates below 3000 s−1 regime, initial cell wall buckling and subsequent cellular structure flattening were the main failure mechanisms. However, in the high strain rate (HSR) regime (above 5000 s−1), the foams were split into pieces by the following transverse inertia force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract With the thickness less than 5 nm, super-thin LiV 3 O 8 nanosheets have already been successfully synthesized by transformation from super-thin V 2 O 5 ·xH 2 O nanosheets, moreover, super-thin LiV 3 O 8 nanosheets@graphene (LVO/G) sandwich-like layer-by-layer nanostructures were successfully obtained via a facile self-assembly method and annealing treatment. Such interesting LVO/G nanostructures as cathodes for lithium ion batteries not only show high capacity up to 397.2 mA h g−1 and outstanding rate capabilities (171 mA h g−1 at 10 C, 112 mA h g−1 at 15 C), but also present super-long cycle performance (301.2 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles at 1 C). As far as we known, the LVO/G cathodes exhibit ultrahigh lithium storage performances even much higher than those of previously reported literatures of LiV 3 O 8 , which demonstrates that such sandwich-like layer-by-layer LVO/G nanostructures is a potential candidate cathode material for the next generation of batteries. Graphical abstract fx1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Dioxin TEQs in the syngas from gasification and the flue gas from syngas combustion. • Dioxin inhibition by a combination of homogeneous conversion and staged combustion. • Simultaneous control of dioxins and NO x in the new gasification-combustion process. • Effects of stoichiometry ratio, residence time and temperature on dioxin formation. Abstract A gasification-combustion conversion process has been proposed for MSW disposal, and the positive effect of "homogeneous conversion" and "staged combustion" on the stabilization of Cl atoms and the rupture of C Cl has been proved previously in fundamental experiments. To verify and evaluate their inhibition effect on dioxin generation, a bench-scale experimental system of the proposed process was established in the present work and an experimental study on the formation of dioxins in the process was carried out. Since both dioxins and nitrogen oxides should be strictly controlled while applied in industry, the simultaneous control of nitrogen oxides was also considered. Results indicated that "homogeneous conversion" has a clear inhibition effect on dioxins in both the syngas from gasification and the flue gas from combustion, which is a very important process in the stabilization of Cl atoms and the control of dioxins. During the "staged combustion" of the syngas, the increase of SR 1 , the rise of temperature and the extension of residence time all have a clear inhibition effect on dioxins in the flue gas. The extension of residence time seems to be more efficient, and while increasing SR 1 and temperature, the regeneration of active chlorine species and the increase of NO need to be concerned. By the combination of "homogeneous conversion" with a temperature of 700 °C and "staged combustion" with a SR 1 /SR 2 ratio of 0.7/0.4, a temperature of 900 °C, a residence time of 241 ms, a satisfactory simultaneous control of both dioxins and nitrogen oxides was obtained in the experiments of the present work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the safe disposal of MSW, a four-step gasification-combustion conversion process is proposed in this work, consisting of material gasification, ash melting, syngas conversion and combustion. Based on the control method of dioxin in gasification process which has been studied previously, experiments of tar chlorination process under oxidative atmospheres were carried out in a homogeneous flow reaction system, using benzene as the tar model compound, to find a way for the inhibition of C Cl formation during the syngas combustion process. Results indicated that Cl 2 reacts with benzene more easily than O 2 under low temperatures, and has a positive effect on both oxidative cracking and polymerization. For chlorination reactions, high temperature enhances the chlorination degree and leads to the formation of perchlorinated hydrocarbons, but also promotes the rupture of the weak C Cl bonds. With the rise of temperature, hexachlorobenzene became the major product, the amounts of all chlorinated hydrocarbons decreased rapidly, and the conversion direction depended on the amount of O 2 . O 2 generally promotes the formation of hydrogen chloride, and inhibits the chlorination of hydrocarbons. At a temperature above 900 °C, the total amount of chlorinated hydrocarbons was very low under oxidative atmospheres, even only with a equivalence ratio of 0.2. However, during the oxidation process under low temperatures, C Cl can also be formed on cyclopentadienyl and 1,3-butadienyl radicals, whose chlorination products were observed. The synergistic and competitive effects between oxidation and chlorination are concluded and the major benzene conversion pathways are summarized according to the products detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In thermal treatment of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), oxygen-induced low-temperature pre-dechlorination coupled with hydrogen-assisted Cl capture in subsequent pyrolysis was proposed as an economical and competitive way for the inhibition of chloroaromatics. Dechlorination and pyrolysis processes were experimentally investigated, and formation of chloroaromatics in both processes was quantitatively compared, using PVC as the model. Due to the low bond energy of C Cl, most of Cl released at low temperature, ahead of common volatiles, providing a feasible temperature window for the pre-dechlorination of feedstock. Chlorobenzene and benzyl chloride were the major chloroaromatics in pyrolysis product, formed at 300 °C and higher temperature. Therefore, dechlorination should be proceeded below 300 °C to prevent the generation of chloroaromatics from itself. However, under inert atmosphere, dechlorination efficiency was heavily dependent on temperature, being poor at 250 °C and 275 °C. O 2 had a clear inductive effect on low-temperature dechlorination, lowering the peak temperature of HCl release to 234 °C. After a 30 min oxygen-induced dechlorination at 250 °C, 97.525% of Cl in feedstock was removed, and chloroaromatics in the subsequent pyrolysis was reduced by 90.2%. For a further inhibition of chloroaromatics, 2% H 2 was introduced for in-situ Cl capture in the pyrolysis of pre-dechlorinated feedstock, as a result, no chloroaromatic was detected. [Display omitted] • O 2 -induced dechlorination and H 2 -assisted Cl capture was proposed for dioxin control. • Chloroaromatics formed in dechlorination process itself, at a temperature above 300 °C. • Introduction of O 2 improved the poor efficiency of low-temperature dechlorination. • In-situ Cl capture by H 2 further inhibited chloroaromatics in the subsequent pyrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The satellite platform motion produces the image motion that causes the deterioration of image quality, and the image motion is an important factor that influences the image quality. According to this case, the paper established the related model between the image motion produced in the imaging process of on-orbit satellite and the image parameters, thus can analyse the image motion quantitatively by the inherent characteristics of generated images, rather than by the fundamental factors that produce the image motion. Firstly it simulated the imaging process of on-orbit satellite, and obtained the simulation image data by the artificial interference of factors. Then it quantitatively analysed the correlations between image motion and image parameters, further chose the modeling-appropriate image parameters. Finally it obtained the composite indicator that reflect the image quality by reducing the dimensionality of the vector that consist of the chosen image parameters, and established the relationship model between the composite image indicator and image motion, thereby can calculate the image motion by the composite image indicator. The experimental results show that the model well reflects the relationship between composite image indicator and image motion. This research work analysing quantitatively the image motion by the image parameters can provide partial technical support for the related model between the image motion of on-orbit satellite and the image parameters in exterior conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite SnTiO3 (SNO) was predicted to be ferroelectric with a large spontaneous polarization. However, the perovskite phase SNO was found to be metastable in experiments. Here, we show that SNO perovskite phase can be stabilized by the interfacial geometry in ATiO3/SNO superlattices (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) of short periodicity using first principles calculations. We found that CaTiO3/SNO superlattice has the largest polarization. In all the superlattices investigated, a phase transition from tetragonal to monoclinic structure was found with increasing in-plane lattice constants. Accompanying this phase transition, polarization directions rotate from [001] to [110], which is promising for achieving large piezoelectric responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Boltzmann transport equations and density functional theory calculations were employed to calculate the thermoelectric transport coefficients of CaTiO3, SrTiO3 and BaTiO3. It was found that BaTiO3 has the largest Seebeck coefficient and power factor. Then the transport coefficients were analyzed using the ‘Tight Binding Model’. The band narrowing, caused by the increasing lattice constants from CaTiO3 to BaTiO3, was the main reason for the increasing Seebeck coefficients and the decreasing electrical conductivity. The calculated electrical conductivity and electronic thermal conductivity were in line with the Wiedemann–Franz law and the Lorenz factor was determined to be 2.45 for these oxides as degenerate semiconductors. Our theoretical results are helpful for seeking high performance thermoelectric oxides. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The present work studies the combustion of biomass syngas to characterize the NO-reduction by tar, benzene being selected as the representative model tar component. Experiments were carried out in a tubular flow reactor at atmospheric pressure and at different operating conditions i.e. an equivalence ratio of 0.5 to 2.5, temperatures between 1173K and 1673K and a reaction residence time of 50 to 100ms. Kinetic parameters were determined from the experimental results. A simplified scheme of NO-reduction by benzene was presented and the effects of operating variables were concluded. The NO conversion is favored by an oxygen-rich condition, and the reduction efficiency falls with the rise of equivalence ratio, especially in the range of 0.5–1.0. Although high temperature enhances the reduction reactions, soot formation at high temperatures (1573K, 1673K) will seriously hinder the reduction of NO, which should be prevented. The ideal temperature is about 1473K. 50ms is found to be an insufficient residence time for the reduction. An increased contact time is of higher benefit at 1673K where the heterogeneous reactions between NO and graphitized heavy hydrocarbons have a lower reaction rate. High pre-exponential factors and low activation energies are achieved under oxygen-rich conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A novel approach was developed to calculate temperature-dependent Seebeck coefficient of heavily doped systems. The electronic density of states (DOS) and Fermi energy were determined and then, using these two parameters, the Seebeck coefficient was calculated by using Boltzmann transport theory. This approach is applied to heavily La-doped SrTiO3. The calculated Seebeck coefficient agrees well with the experimental data. By analyzing the results, it was shown that Seebeck coefficient is greatly affected by the asymmetry of DOS with respect to Fermi energy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Isothermal oxidation of high entropy carbides was studied at 800−1100 °C in air. • Multi-element oxides form in the polycrystalline oxide layer. • Oxide layer shows a through thickness distribution of the metals. • Amorphous and compact oxycarbide interlayer acts as an oxygen diffusion barrier. Isothermal oxidation of (Hf-Ta-Zr-Nb)C high entropy carbide (HEC4) was performed using thermo-gravimetric analysis at 800−1100 °C in air. Polycrystalline oxide layers with multi-element oxides were observed, and their thickness increased with increasing oxidation temperature. Particular attention was paid to the microstructure and role of the interface. An amorphous and compact oxycarbide interlayer was observed between the oxide layer and the bulk carbide in oxidized HEC4, providing an effective diffusion barrier during oxidation. There was a through thickness distribution of the metals in the oxide layer, because of the different oxidation rates and outward diffusion of the cations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic oxygen reduction reactions and water oxidation reactions are extremely promising green approaches for massive H2O2 production. Nonetheless, constructing effective photocatalysts for H2O2 generation is critical and still challenging. Since the network topology has significant impacts on the electronic properties of two dimensional (2D) polymers, herein, for the first time, we regulated the H2O2 photosynthetic activity of 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) by topology. Through designing the linking sites of the monomers, we synthesized a pair of novel COFs with similar chemical components on the backbones but distinct topologies. Without sacrificial agents, TBD‐COF with cpt topology exhibited superior H2O2 photoproduction performance (6085 and 5448 μmol g−1 h−1 in O2 and air) than TBC‐COF with hcb topology through the O2‐O2⋅−‐H2O2, O2‐O2⋅−‐O21‐H2O2, and H2O‐H2O2 three paths. Further experimental and theoretical investigations confirmed that during the H2O2 photosynthetic process, the charge carrier separation efficiency, O2⋅− generation and conversion, and the energy barrier of the rate determination steps in the three channels, related to the formation of *OOH, *O21, and *OH, can be well tuned by the topology of COFs. The current study enlightens the fabrication of high‐performance photocatalysts for H2O2 production by topological structure modulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic oxygen reduction reactions and water oxidation reactions are extremely promising green approaches for massive H2O2 production. Nonetheless, constructing effective photocatalysts for H2O2 generation is critical and still challenging. Since the network topology has significant impacts on the electronic properties of two dimensional (2D) polymers, herein, for the first time, we regulated the H2O2 photosynthetic activity of 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) by topology. Through designing the linking sites of the monomers, we synthesized a pair of novel COFs with similar chemical components on the backbones but distinct topologies. Without sacrificial agents, TBD‐COF with cpt topology exhibited superior H2O2 photoproduction performance (6085 and 5448 μmol g−1 h−1 in O2 and air) than TBC‐COF with hcb topology through the O2‐O2⋅−‐H2O2, O2‐O2⋅−‐O21‐H2O2, and H2O‐H2O2 three paths. Further experimental and theoretical investigations confirmed that during the H2O2 photosynthetic process, the charge carrier separation efficiency, O2⋅− generation and conversion, and the energy barrier of the rate determination steps in the three channels, related to the formation of *OOH, *O21, and *OH, can be well tuned by the topology of COFs. The current study enlightens the fabrication of high‐performance photocatalysts for H2O2 production by topological structure modulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the promotion on Cl radical generation by enhanced oxidation, chlorination of hydrocarbon intermediates becomes a potential formation path for chloroaromatic precursors of PCDD/Fs (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans) in both MSW (municipal solid waste) incineration and gasification-combustion processes, in which intrinsic oxygen might have a significant effect on the competition between oxidation and chlorination. Thus, chlorination of benzene and phenol was experimentally studied on a homogeneous flow reaction system. Effects of temperature and ER (equivalence ratio) were assessed, and comparison was carried out to clarify the alteration in formation behaviors of chloroaromatics by extrinsic and intrinsic oxygen. At 600 °C, chlorobenzenes were already largely formed in benzene chlorination, and the addition of extrinsic oxygen barely affected it. On the contrary, with intrinsic oxygen, phenol tended to decompose to light compounds. With rising temperature, oxidation was promoted and extrinsic oxygen strongly inhibited the formation of chloroaromatics in benzene chlorination at 900 °C and higher temperature. For phenol chlorination, chlorobenzenes were still rarely generated. However, high proportions of octachloronaphthalene and octachlorodibenzofuran were observed, due to the enhancement in polymerization by high temperature. When increasing ER, oxidative decomposition was also promoted in both the chlorination of benzene and phenol. Extra extrinsic oxygen led to a further reduction of chloroaromatics during benzene chlorination, and till ER = 1.0 at 1000 °C, comparable performance to intrinsic oxygen could be achieved in the control of chloroaromatics. Based on these results, formation pathways of the major chloroaromatics from chlorination, oxidation and polymerization were summarized, and the roles of extrinsic and intrinsic oxygen in altering their formation behaviors were revealed. Image 103560 • Intrinsic O clearly inhibited the formation of chloroaromatic under low temperature. • High temperature clearly promoted the inhibition of chloroaromatic by extrinsic O 2. • With intrinsic O, high temperature led to high proportion of polymerization product. • O 2 achieved comparable performance to intrinsic O at high temperature and high ER. • Major formation pathways of chloroaromatics in chlorination reaction were concluded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metasurfaces are of great interest as they exhibit unique electromagnetic properties. Currently, metasurface design focuses on generating new meta-atoms and their combinations. Here a topological database, reticular chemistry structure resource (RCSR), is introduced to bring a new dimension and more possibilities for metasurface design. RCSR has over 200 two-dimensional crystal nets, among which 72 are identified as suitable for metasurface design. Using a simple metallic cross as the metaatom, 72 metasurfaces are constructed from the atom positions and lattice vectors of the crystal nets templates. The transmission curves of all the metasurfaces are calculated using the finite-difference time-domain method. The calculated transmission curves have good diversity, showing that the crystal nets approach is a new engineering dimension for metasurface design. Three clusters are found for the calculated curves using the K-means algorithm and principal component analysis. The structure–property relationship between metasurface topology and transmission curve is investigated, but no simple descriptor has been found, indicating that further work is still needed. The crystal net design approach developed in this work can be extended to three-dimensional design and other types of metamaterials like mechanical materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon vacancies as intrinsic defects in high-entropy carbides (HECs) strongly affect their physical and chemical properties, it is important to understand the details of vacancy formation at an atomic level. In this work, 1280 carbon vacancies are investigated via high-throughput density functional theory (HT-DFT) calculations and machine learning (ML) models on their formation energies. We found that more than half of the carbon vacancies are preferentially surrounded by three types of cations, with Hf less likely to be present. The role of metal cations in promoting the formation of carbon vacancies is: Nb＞Ta＞Zr＞Hf, indicating the possibility to modify the carbon vacancy concentration by change the cation elemental ratios. A random forest model was trained on DFT results to predict vacancy formation energies with a mean absolute error of 54 meV. The feature importance analysis is consistent with the analysis of the DFT results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the power‐conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is approaching the theoretical maximum, the most crucial issue concerns long‐term ambient stability. Here, the application of PCN‐224 quantum dots (QDs) is reported, a typical Zr‐based porphyrinic metal–organic framework (MOF), to enhance the ambient stability of PSCs. PCN‐224 QDs with abundant Lewis‐base groups (e.g., CO, C−N, CN) contribute to high‐quality perovskite films with enlarged grain size and reduced defect density by interaction with under‐coordinated Pb2+. Meanwhile, PCN‐224 QDs enable the well‐matched energy level at the perovskite/hole transport layer (HTL) interface, thereby facilitating hole extraction and transport. More importantly, PCN‐224 QDs‐treated HTL can capture Li+ from bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide additive, leading to the reduced aggregation and less direct contact with moisture for hygroscopic Li‐TFSI. Moreover, PCN‐224 QDs mitigated Li+ ion migration into the perovskite layer, thus avoiding the formation of deleterious defects. The resultant devices yield a champion PCE of 22.51%, along with substantially improved durability, including humidity, thermal and light soaking stabilities. The findings provide a new approach toward efficient and stable PSCs by applying MOF QDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the power‐conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is approaching the theoretical maximum, the most crucial issue concerns long‐term ambient stability. Here, the application of PCN‐224 quantum dots (QDs) is reported, a typical Zr‐based porphyrinic metal–organic framework (MOF), to enhance the ambient stability of PSCs. PCN‐224 QDs with abundant Lewis‐base groups (e.g., CO, C−N, CN) contribute to high‐quality perovskite films with enlarged grain size and reduced defect density by interaction with under‐coordinated Pb2+. Meanwhile, PCN‐224 QDs enable the well‐matched energy level at the perovskite/hole transport layer (HTL) interface, thereby facilitating hole extraction and transport. More importantly, PCN‐224 QDs‐treated HTL can capture Li+ from bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide additive, leading to the reduced aggregation and less direct contact with moisture for hygroscopic Li‐TFSI. Moreover, PCN‐224 QDs mitigated Li+ ion migration into the perovskite layer, thus avoiding the formation of deleterious defects. The resultant devices yield a champion PCE of 22.51%, along with substantially improved durability, including humidity, thermal and light soaking stabilities. The findings provide a new approach toward efficient and stable PSCs by applying MOF QDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy filtering effect is usually utilized in composites to enhance the thermoelectric performance, and a reliable theoretical approach is needed to predict the optimum parameters related to this effect. By taking Bi2Te3 as an example, we show that first principles calculations and Boltzmann transport equations can be used to evaluate energy filtering effect, and the optimal values for the maximum power factor of interfacial potential barrier height ( Eb) and carrier scattering probability ( p) can be calculated precisely. The calculation results show that the power factor can be greatly enhanced at high carrier concentrations by energy filtering. This enhancement is sensitive to Eb and p: to achieve 40% power factor enhancement, Eb must be in the range 0.06-0.10 eV, and p should be greater than 60%. The optimal Eb also shows weak dependence on p. Our approach can be easily applied to other materials due to the generality of first principles calculations, and will aid high throughput screening for new thermoelectric composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with bioinspired N,S-sites were constructed. Single Co atoms were coordinated with N,S-sites to create Co-THD-COF, which photocatalyzed CO 2 conversion to CO with 95.1 % selectivity in water and natural seawater. The synergistic interaction between THD-COF and the single atomic Co center enhanced CO 2 adsorption, activation, and reduced reaction energy barriers for *COOH intermediates, resulting in good performance. [Display omitted] • Learning from natural carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, we delicately designed a THD-COF with bioinspired N,S-coordination sites and constructed Co-THD-COF by anchoring single Co atoms on the N,S-sites. • Co-THD-COF can photocatalyze CO 2 conversion to CO with 95.1 % selectivity in water and natural seawater with reusability. • Under visible light, Co-THD-COF displayed dramatically enhanced photocatalytic CO 2 RR activity, exhibiting the CO generating rate of 9357 μmol g−1h−1. • The synergistic interaction between THD-COF and the single atomic Co center enhanced CO 2 adsorption, activation, and reduced reaction energy barriers for *COOH intermediates, resulting in good performance. Photocatalytic CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) has promising potential to address global energy and environmental challenges but is severely limited by sluggish kinetics and poor selectivity, where the chemical microenvironments and electronic structures of the catalytic center play pivotal roles. Herein, inspired by carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, which can accelerate CO 2 to CO reduction, we delicately design a covalent organic framework (THD-COF) with bioinspired N,S-coordination sites from thiophene and imine modules on the skeleton and construct Co-THD-COF by anchoring single Co atoms on the N,S-sites. Under visible light, employing binary mixed sacrificial agents, with the help of photosensitizer [Ru(bpy) 3 ]Cl 2 ·6H 2 O, Co-THD-COF displays dramatically enhanced photocatalytic CO 2 RR activity, exhibiting an astounding CO generating rate of 9357 μmol g−1h−1 with the selectivity of 95.1 %. Additionally, Co-THD-COF can photocatalyze CO 2 conversion smoothly in real seawater without loss of CO selectivity. Experimental and computational analysis further manifest that the single Co atom is the catalytic active center. Co-THD-COF significantly promotes CO 2 adsorption and activation, charge separation dynamics, and is also beneficial to the formation of the crucial *COOH intermediates. The current study offers deep insights into the effective conversion of CO 2 and enlightens the design of novel bioinspired coordination sites for single-atom photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass gasification is proving to be an alternative technology to the use of fossil fuels for energy production. The article considers the bench-scale, air-blown updraft gasification of biomass wood pellets. The objective of the study was to understand the characteristics of evolved gases from the gasifier that was built and assembled at the University Laboratory. Wood pellets of diameter 5 mm, length between 5 and 20 mm constitute the feedstock used. The experimental investigation reveals the major gases produced are CO2, CO, and H2, while CH4and other hydrocarbons are minor. However, the gasifier used is initially preheated to a temperature of about 800°C. This is indicated by the thermo-couple readings (T1–T8) with T6 as the standard thermo-couple. When T6 attains a steady state at 800°C, the gasifier is turned into a self-sustaining gasification condition. The entire experiment takes about four (4) hours to complete and this gives an understanding of evolved gases from the entire gasification process in the inside of the batch-scale updraft gasifier. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study demonstrates scalable mechanochemical synthesis of rhodostannite Cu 2 FeSn 3 S 8 nanocrystals. On the contrary to the previous reports focused on the synthesis of stannite Cu 2 FeSnS 4 reporting the rhodostannite impurity, we succeeded in preparing stannite-free product after milling. Pure elements were used for a solvent-free production in a batch of 100 g using an eccentric vibratory mill. The progress of the synthesis was monitored by X-ray diffraction and magnetometry, which both confirmed a successful reaction progress until 6 h of milling. However, further treatment (until 10 h) did not result in an improvement, as quite a high saturation magnetization (7.8 emu/g) and clearly evident diffraction at around 44° in the XRD pattern of the product due to the presence of ferromagnetic un-reacted iron with content slightly above 5% was evidenced. The product is sulfur- and tin-deficient, with crystallite size of around 12 nm. In-depth SEM/EDS analysis has shown the inhomogeneity of Fe distribution due to unfinished reaction. The bandgap of the produced material was 1.29 eV. The spark plasma sintering treatment resulted in complete consumption of non-reacted iron, but partial decomposition to stannite Cu 2 FeSnS 4 was observed. The product is an intrinsic semiconductor with high electrical resistivity, and is therefore unsuitable for thermoelectric application. However, its thermal conductivity is low, thus it could be used as an electrically and thermally insulating material. [Display omitted] • Rhodostannite Cu 2 FeSn 3 S 8 nanocrystals have been successfully produced. • Environmentally friendly solid-state mechanochemical approach has been used. • Scalability of the synthesis up to 100 g per batch was demonstrated. • The product showed interesting electrical and thermal insulating properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are considered to reflect the systemic inflammatory response and clinical prognosis. However, the independent prognostic values of the NLR and PLR for patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) remain debatable. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of preoperative NLR and PLR in GIST patients.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all GIST patients diagnosed and surgically treated at Union Hospital between 2005 and 2018. The preoperative NLR and PLR were calculated to evaluate recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to estimate the independent prognostic values.Results: The median follow-up time was 49 months (interquartile range, 22-74 months). The preoperative PLR was significantly increased in the GIST patients with intermediate and high tumor risks. Increases in the NLR (≥2.34) and PLR (≥185.04) were associated with shorter RFS and OS (P < 0.01). Moreover, the multivariate analysis revealed that elevated PLR was an independent factor for shorter RFS (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.041; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.001-4.622; P < 0.001) and OS (HR: 1.899; 95% CI: 1.136-3.173; P = 0.014).Conclusions: The preoperative PLR is a potential biomarker of GIST and is related to the clinical outcome. An elevated preoperative PLR predicts poor prognosis of patients with primary GIST after complete surgical resection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Torrefaction is a mild thermal treatment (200–300°C) in an inert atmosphere, which is known to increase the energy density of biomass by evaporating water and a proportion of volatiles. In this work, the degradation kinetics and devolatilization of wheat straw was studied in a thermogravimetric analyzer by coupling with a mass spectrometer. The kinetic parameters obtained by applying a two-step reaction in series model and taking initial dynamic heating period into account can accurately describe the experimental results with different heating programs. Activation energies and pre-exponential parameters obtained for the two steps are: 71.0 and 76.6kJmol−1, 3.48×104 and 4.34×103 s−1, respectively. The model and these parameters were also proven to be able to predict the residual mass of wheat straw in a batch scale torrefaction reactor. By analyzing the gas products in situ, the formation of water, carbon monoxide, formic acid, formaldehyde, methanol, acetic acid, carbon dioxide, methyl chloride, traces of hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide were found at torrefaction temperatures of 250 and 300°C. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• A multi-channel input for the ConvNets improves the prediction accuracy. • The mean absolute error reaches 50 meV/atom for elpasolite formation enthalpy. • ConvNets are interpreted using feature maps visualization and t-SNE plot. Deep convolution neural networks (ConvNets) have been recently used to predict the enthalpy of formation and the prediction errors are within DFT precision. Here we show that a multi-channel input for the ConvNets improves the prediction accuracy, and the accuracy can be further improved by decomposing the input signals into high/low frequencies. We trained ConvNets using the periodic table representation on a DFT formation enthalpy dataset of 10,590 elpasolite compounds. The mean absolute error (MAE) reaches 50 meV/atom, which is half value of the MAE of a ConvNet using single input channel. The dependence of MAE on each element was also analyzed. Our work demonstrates the importance of input data preprocessing for ConvNets prediction accuracy in material informatics tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]