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Exploring the sealing stability of different media to plasma-sprayed refractory Al 2 O 3 –13%TiO 2 ceramic coatings is of guiding significance for rational application. Thus, the protective performance of commonly used organic and inorganic sealing agents under different environmental temperatures in chloride ion-containing solutions was investigated in this paper. Firstly, the corrosion resistance of each sample at different temperatures was characterized by potentiodynamic polarization studies. Then the effect of solution temperature was analyzed by Arrhenius equation. Moreover, the mechanism of solution temperature influence was discussed via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, aiming to provide guidance on the selection of sealing agent types for different environments. The results indicated that both sealing agents provided corrosion resistance far beyond that of the as-sprayed coating at different temperatures. However, as the temperature increased, despite the stable behavior of the inorganic sealing coating itself, the organic sealing agent exhibited a more stable application effect in corrosion resistance, even at 80 °C, it can still show a corrosion current density in the order of 10−8 A cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Certain metals produce passive oxide film layers during use which are closely related to their corrosion resistance. The properties of the oxide film are strongly influenced by the oxygen content of the surrounding environment. This study aims to examine the impact of dissolved oxygen concentration on the corrosion and passive oxide film formed on Fe-based metallic glass coatings. In deoxygenated solutions, the coating was highly susceptible to corrosion, while exhibiting the highest corrosion potential in oxygenated solutions due to the formation of a dense oxide film. The impedance of the passive film was notably influenced by the presence of dissolved oxygen. In deoxygenated solutions, the impedance remained stable and at a minimum level. However, in oxygenated solutions, the impedance exhibited a significant increase accompanied by rapid film growth. The carrier concentration in the passive film remained low and constant in deoxygenated solutions but decreased in oxygenated ones. The composition of the passive film varied with dissolved oxygen concentration, leading to FeOOH formation in deoxygenated solutions and to the increase in Cr 2 O 3 /Cr(OH) 3 ratio in oxygenated environments. Moreover, deoxygenated solutions slowed down the film growth rate, while oxygenated ones were conducive to the fast development of films, affecting their protective ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Click-Chemistry synergic MXene-functionalized flexible skeleton membranes achieved high-efficiency selective separation to artemisinin. [Display omitted] • Transport to specific molecule was achieved assisted by MXene laminated structure. • High stability for perm-selectivity of MIMs in mobile phase was achieved. • Click-chemistry drove to build dot-matrix imprinting units. • MIMs showed excellent antibacterial properties and sustainable reusability. Membrane-based technology with accurate-recognition and specific-transmission has been regarded as one of the most promising strategies in environmental protection and energy conservation. However, membrane technique still faces challenges of "trade-off effect" between high selectivity and permeation flux within organic-aqueous mixed matrix. Here, well-intergrown click-chemistry synergic MXene-functionalized flexible skeleton membranes has been prepared in this strategy, enabling size-exclusion&structure selectivity by uniform location array imprinting unit and transport performance towards specific medicinal molecules of artemisinin (Ars). The well-assembled ultrathin cascade-type MXene layer guarantees the narrow interlayer nanochannels and the flexible skeleton modified mesoporous SiO 2 nanoparticles provide active reaction platform for the construction of selective recognition space. The resulting membranes demonstrated outstanding selective separation performance with permeability factor that artesunate (Aru) /Ars and dihydro-artemisinin (d -Ars) / Ars of 3.17 and 2.89 and permeation flux of 1173.25 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1. Besides, combined with antibacterial durability, recycling performance, high separation performance in mobile phase stability of CMFMs, it is anticipated that this work hopefully opens a new avenue for efficient chiral separation to medicinal molecules, exhibiting broad potential for practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microstructure, mechanical properties, and tribological behavior of Al2O3-13wt.% TiO2 (AT13)-based coatings with different TiNx (x = 0.3 or 1) contents were investigated. Herein, TiNx complexes were generated from Ti powder via reactive plasma spraying. The morphology and microstructure of AT13-TiNx multiphase ceramic coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. The presence of TiNx complexes improved microhardness of coatings. At the same time, excessive TiNx content led to uneven microhardness distribution in coatings. Moreover, with the increase in TiNx concentration, wear mechanisms of coatings changed from adhesive and abrasive wear (coating A) or abrasive wear with lubricating phase (coating D) to severe brittle fracture and abrasive wear (coating E). Besides, the coefficient of friction (COF) of coating D reached its lowest value. This was because TiO2 and TiN0.3 with the smallest hardness were predominant in the coating, playing the role of lubricating phases in friction process. As a result, the pinning effect of hard TiN particles prevented plastic deformation of the coating, thus reducing COF and wear quality loss of coating D. In turn, excessive TiNx particles led to the formation of uneven coating (coating F), in which stress concentration during friction testing increased and abrasive wear was aggravated, causing an increase in COF. At low friction speed (100 rpm), wear mechanism of AT13-TiNx composite coating remained unchanged, and COF reached its maximum. At high friction speed (300 rpm), wear mechanism was transformed into adhesive wear and oxidation wear, and COF achieved its lowest value. At last, under the condition of low load (5 N), the wear mass loss of AT13-TiNx composite coating was the minimum, but COF increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disorder (IBD) characterized by relapsing chronic inflammation of the colon that causes continuous mucosal inflammation. The global incidence of UC is steadily increasing. Immune mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of UC, of which complement is shown to play a critical role by inducing local chronic inflammatory responses that promote tissue damage. However, the function of various complement components in the development of UC is complex and even paradoxical. Some components (e.g. C1q, CD46, CD55, CD59, and C6) are shown to safeguard the intestinal barrier and reduce intestinal inflammation, while others (e.g. C3, C5, C5a) can exacerbate intestinal damage and accelerate the development of UC. The complement system was originally thought to function primarily in an extracellular mode; however, recent evidence indicates that it can also act intracellularly as the complosome. The current study provides an overview of current studies on complement and its role in the development of UC. While there are few studies that describe how intracellular complement contributes to UC, we discuss potential future directions based on related publications. We also highlight novel methods that target complement for IBD treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed lead and tin (Pb/Sn) hybrid perovskites exhibit a great potential in fabricating all‐perovskite tandem devices due to their easily tunable bandgaps. However, the energy deficit and instability in Pb/Sn perovskite solar cells (PSCs) constrain their practical applications, which renders defect passivation engineering indispensable to develop highly efficient and long‐term stable PSCs. Herein, the mechanisms of strain tailoring and defect passivation in Pb/Sn PSCs by 2D ligands are investigated. The 2D ligands include electroneutral cations with long alkyl chain (LAC), iodates with relatively short alkyl chain (SAC) and their mixtures. This study reveals that LAC ligands facilitate the relaxation of tensile strain in perovskite films while SAC ligands cause strain buildup. By mixing LAC/SAC ligands, tensile strain in perovskite films can be balanced which improves solar cell performance. PSCs with admixed β‐guanidinopropionic acid (GUA)/phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI) exhibit enhanced open circuit voltage and fill factor, which is attributed to reduced nonradiative recombination losses in the bulk and at the interfaces. Furthermore, the operational stability of PSCs is slightly improved by the mixed 2D ligands. This work reveals the mechanisms of 2D ligands in strain tailoring and defect passivation toward efficient and stable narrow‐bandgap PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe-based metallic glass/Al 2 O 3 -13 wt%TiO 2 (AT13) composite coatings with sandwich-like (Fe–S20) and dispersed (Fe-D20) structures were prepared via atmosphere plasma spraying (APS). The differences in microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion mechanisms of composite coatings were investigated. The interfacial bonding between Fe-based metallic glasses and AT13 was analyzed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The addition of AT13 in Fe-D20 could cause greater stress concentration in the coating. In turn, the layered stress distribution was observed in Fe–S20 coating due to the unique sandwich structure. Moreover, the introduction of AT13 improved the short-term corrosion resistance of matrix metallic glass. However, after long-term immersion, pitting corrosion occurred preferentially at the junction of AT13 and metallic glass substrate, leading to a significant decrease in the corrosion resistance of Fe-D20. Besides, the presence of AT13 hindered the growth of the passive film of Fe-based metallic glass. In summary, the long-term corrosion resistance of Fe–S20 with a sandwich structure was better than that of Fe-D20 with a dispersed structure. Thus, structure tuning has great prospects for plasma spraying ceramic composite coatings in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The timely rating forecast of customers is crucial for the evaluation of trading service. Due to the high complexity and variability of rating, traditional static graph models have been proved to be ineffective in learning the topological and temporal features of dependent nodes and the representation of edge weights. In this paper, we propose a trading evaluation prediction method on the bitcoin marketplace and a novel deep learning framework to tackle the dependent problem of topological and temporal information. We elaborate a hierarchical framework including dynamic rating construction network layer, extracting node features layer and edge learner layer. Firstly, we obtain the data and organize them into a graph sequence as input. Secondly, we learn the node representation in the extracting node features layer by using the evolving graph neural network to learn the dependency of topological and temporal information. Finally, we use cross projection to learn the edge representation in the edge learner layer. Experimental results show that our model can effectively predict the edge weights and outperforms state-of-art baselines on various real-world transaction datasets, which give a more accurate evaluation in trading evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, an Fe-Cr-Mo-C-B (FeCrMoCB) metallic glass coating was prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying. The composition and morphology of the as-sprayed FeCrMoCB metallic glass coating were characterized by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. A potentiostatic polarization study was performed for different times to evaluate the changes in the growth process of the passive film. The impedance value of the passive film and the passivation time were found to be in good agreement with the logarithmic relationship within 24 h of passivation. After 24 h of potentiostatic polarization, the impedance value of the passive film was significantly improved to 1.54 × × 105 Ω⋅cm2 and the carrier concentration was increased to 1.10 × 1021 cm−3. The results of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that the increase in oxide content, especially Cr2O3, and the decrease in hydroxide content in the passive film may be the main reason for the improved corrosion resistance of the passive film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ceramic coatings have positive feedback to annealing treatment, but improper annealing treatment can also bring disastrous consequences. In this article, a thick TiN coating without a bonding layer was prepared by reactive plasma spraying technology and then subjected to heat treatment at three different temperatures in atmospheric and argon atmospheres. By exploring the hardness, modulus, and corrosion resistance of the coatings, combined with analysis of microstructure, phase composition, and interatomic bonding conditions, it was found that the TiN coating exhibited the lowest porosity after atmospheric heat treated at 500 °C. Meanwhile, it also showed the highest hardness, modulus, and optimal corrosion resistance. After heat treated at 650 °C in the atmosphere, the protective performance of the coating was decreased, but it was still far superior to the as-sprayed coating. The coating after heat treated in the argon atmosphere did not achieve ideal performance. The coating heat treated at 650 °C even exhibited inferior comprehensive performance to the as-sprayed coating. Therefore, it was summarized that the atmospheric environments and the temperature above the phase transition temperature were suitable for obtaining the optimal TiN coating. • TiN coatings was optimized during heat treatment in oxygen-containing environments. • The reduction of porosity in TiN coatings mainly relies on oxidation. • TiN coatings treated at 500 °C was optimal, but deteriorated at excessively temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ziziphus jujube leaf black tea (BT-ZJL) have received extensive attention for their rich bioactive components. However, flavor formation and chemical changes during BT-ZJL processing are not well understood. This study was based on the analysis of non-volatile and volatile components of BT-ZJL using widely targeted metabolomics. Results indicated the presence of 1099 non-volatile metabolites. By screening for differentially expressed metabolites, we found the abundance of metabolites increased greatly after fermentation, and the non-volatile substances remained relatively stable during the drying process. Total polyphenols reached the maximum after fermentation, which was 25.72% dry weight. The alkaloid content was 30.65 mg/g in BT-ZJL, which was higher than traditional black tea. In addition, 755 volatile metabolites were identified, which are associated with the taste, aroma, color, and quality of BT-ZJL. The current results provide guidance and a theoretical basis for BT-ZJ processing that takes into account the desired quality and components. • A total of 1099 non-volatile and 755 volatile metabolites were identified. • Abundance of metabolites increased greatly after fermentation in Ziziphus jujube leaf black tea. • Forty-one common differential metabolites were identified. • Phenolic acids gave Ziziphus jujube leaf black tea its distinct flavor. • Heterocyclic were the most abundant volatiles of Ziziphus jujube leaf black tea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores the effect of the magnetic fields on the passive film of 5083 aluminum alloy. After the application of a 0.3 T magnetic field, 5083 aluminum alloy exhibits an improvement in passivation performance. These improvements manifest as a reduction in passivation current density and an increase in impedance, passive film thickness, and carrier concentration. Additionally, there is an augmentation in the content of the Al 2 O 3 phase within the passive film. The magnetic field facilitates the movement of metal ions during the corrosion process of 5083 aluminum alloy through microscale magnetohydrodynamics, facilitating passive film growth and improving corrosion resistance. [Display omitted] • Effect of magnetic field on passivation performance of 5083 alloy was revealed. • XPS results of Al element in aluminum alloy were analyzed exactly. • The composition of the passive film was analyzed using TOF-SIMS. • Explained 5083 alloy corrosion resistance in magnetic field via passive film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous&permselective dual-tetracycline-imprinted nanocomposite membranes based on twice-polymerization-based imprinting process were prepared for selective separation of tetracycline. [Display omitted] • Twice-PDA-based dual-TC-imprinted membrane was first proposed. • Dual-imprinted membrane with GO/SiO 2 -loaded structure was successfully constructed. • Well-designed TC-imprinted membrane was applied as selective separation device. • High-performance flux and permselectivity of MIMs were obtained simultaneously. Here, the graphene oxide (GO)/SiO 2 -loaded dual-imprinted membranes (GS-DIMs) were constructed based on the self-polymerization imprinting technique of dopamine, in which a twice polydopamine (PDA)-based imprinting strategy had been successfully developed to obtain the three-dimensional nanocomposite membrane-based separation system. Meanwhile, the pollution-intensive antibiotics of tetracycline (TC) was used as template molecule throughout the GS-DIMs synthesis, and the dopamine molecules were simultaneously used as functional monomer and cross-linking agent during the twice polydopamine (PDA)-based imprinting processes. Therefore, dual-TC-imprinted sites had been prepared based on the as-designed dual imprinting processes, the as-prepared GS-DIMs-based separation system with dual-TC-imprinted structures could not only allow for the largely enhanced rebinding result of 65.61 mg/g and faster adsorption equilibrium rate within 20 min, but also facilitate the permselectivity performance from TC-based complex separation system and mimetic water sample. Importantly, we demonstrated the applications and effects of the dual-imprinted membrane-based separation materials to selective rebinding and separation of TC from complex solution systems and mimetic water samples. The as-obtained permselectivity factors (β) around 4.0 strongly illustrated the efficiently selective separation ability and high-intensitive recognizability of TC than any other non-template molecules based on our GS-DIMs-based separation system. Overall, the as-designed GS-DIMs had great potential for selective separation applications and provided critical comparisons based on the as-achieved excellent rebinding and permselectivity performance, which encompassed innovative GO/SiO 2 -loaded nanocomposite and PDA-based dual-TC-imprinted system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Crystallinity and morphology of perovskite films can greatly influence the performance of perovskite solar cells (Pero-SCs) in terms of charge carrier generation and transportation. Incorporation of Cl (from either PbCl 2 or CH 3 NH 3 Cl) in crystal growth of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 is known as an effective method to acquire larger crystal grains and longer carrier diffusion length. It has been reported that an intermediate phase of CH 3 NH 3 PbCl 3 was usually observed during crystallization, which should be critical to the quality of the resulting perovskite, however, how the intermediate phase influence the crystal growth was lack of comprehensive understanding. In this study, through varying the mixing ratio of the precursors PbI 2 :2CH 3 NH 3 I and PbCl 2 :3CH 3 NH 3 I, we were able to systematically tune the content and the converting time of CH 3 NH 3 PbCl 3. We found that suppressing the formation of CH 3 NH 3 PbCl 3 within the as-cast films can effectively improve the quality (crystallinity and morphology) of the resulting perovskite films. The improvement led to significant enhancement of the performance of the corresponding p-i-n planar Pero-SCs. Under optimized conditions, the best PCE was increased from 12.8% to 16.2%, which should be attributed to the alleviated charge recombination due to the improved quality of perovskite films by suppressing the formation of CH 3 NH 3 PbCl 3. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • The formation of intermediate phase CH 3 NH 3 PbCl 3 have been elaborately controlled by adjusting the ratio of Cl/I. • The morphology and crystallinity of perovskite films have been greatly improved, with lower defect concentration. • Compared with the control, the devices based on x = 0.29 exhibited superior performances with 26% enhancement in PCE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explore the possible nature of high-velocity features in Type Ia supernovae by presenting synthetic spectra generated from hydrodynamic models of interaction between the supernova and a compact circumstellar shell. We use tardis to compute the spectra and compare model spectra to data from SN 2011fe at 2, 5, and 9 d after the explosion. We apply abundance models to the shells that consist of a hydrogen, helium, or carbon–oxygen substrate with overall solar abundance of metals and depletion or enhancement of calcium abundance. We vary the calcium abundances in the shell and the ejecta to study the effect on the photospheric and high-velocity components of the calcium near-infrared triplet. The substrate leaves no imprint upon the spectra, but helium substrates are discouraged by demanding excessive calcium abundances. We find that we can approximately reproduce the blended high-velocity and photospheric velocity features at 2 and 5 d. The 9 d spectrum shows a distinct high-velocity component of the line. We are unable to reproduce this specific feature with the current models. We also explore helium-shell double detonation models, finding they tend to give no high-velocity features or excessively strong features. A very carefully chosen helium-shell mass might give a reasonable reproduction of the observed calcium features. We discuss the implications of our models for the nature of high-velocity features and their significance to the evolution and explosion of SN Ia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Hydrogen atom permeation's impact on Fe-based amorphous coatings' corrosion and passivation properties was discussed first. • Semiconductor and passive film properties of the coatings were unveiled after varied hydrogen permeation times. • Mechanism of hydrogen permeation's effect on Fe-based amorphous coatings was proposed. Hydrogen atoms accumulate in the grain boundaries, dislocations and twins of metals, but the Fe-based amorphous coatings do not have these crystal defects. The effect of hydrogen on the passivation and semiconductive properties could provide a theoretical support for the application of Fe-based amorphous coatings at high hydrogen concentrations. The passivation and semiconductive properties of passive film on plasma-sprayed Fe-based amorphous coatings were investigated via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy combined with a point defect model. The phase compositions of the passive films were verified via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The morphology of the coatings and the surface state of the passive films were characterized via scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Finally, the long-time hydrogen charging was found to reduce the performance, as well as the thickness and oxide content of the passive films, mainly due to the capture of oxide atoms during strong oxidation of hydrogen atoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • MIMs presented predominant antifouling and antibacterial persistence. • Formation of imprinting sites in MOFs helped improve perm-selectivity stability. • "Trade-off" effect between permeability-selectivity was improved. • ZPBs exhibited high-flux specific identification performance. Membrane-based separation processes have received significant attention as promising schemes realizing energy-efficiency micro-molecule separation. However, traditional Mixed Matrix Membranes (MMMs) inevitably faced the restriction that of low-level substrate-polymer interfacial consistency, functional loaders agglomeration, instability under long-term reaction and so on, causing it extremely challengeable to construct high-performance membrane-based separation system. Here, incorporating ideas of mussel biomimetic chemistry, a 3D nano-hybrid seeding strategy was designed for in situ assembling nanosized zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) to polydopamine-adhesive nanofibers, followed by the construction of specific imprinting sites within nanofiber membranes driven by boron-affinity sol–gel strategy, which achieved high-efficiency selective separation to shikimic acid (SA) with great medicinal value. This strategy simultaneously improved permeability and selectivity of separation membrane to nanoscale molecules. And superior SA affinity stability was maintained with the ultrahigh ZIF-8 loadings (73 %) even during long-term cyclic tests, where only less than 10.09 % of rebinding selective capacity loss and 6.50% of perm-selectivity damage existed. In addition, the antifouling durability as well as antibacterial persistence were obtained due to ZIF-8-functionalized polydopamine (PDA)-connected nanofibers construction. This symbiosis-inspired de novo strategy could promisingly draw bright blueprint for burgeoning MMMs to realize specifical separation of molecules with medical value against isomer mixture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creep performance plays a pivotal role in evaluating the stability of materials during application. In particular, creep in amorphous alloys exhibits nonlinear and outburst characteristics. This work attempted to strengthen the Fe-based amorphous coating under loading by introducing TiN x ceramic material with high stability to the amorphous interlamellar. The results revealed that the creep resistance and indentation size effect of the composite coating were improved, compared with the monolithic Fe-based amorphous coating. The creep curves of both coatings can be well fitted by the Kelvin-Voigt formula composed of two relaxation processes. Moreover, the diffusion-mediated creep ratio of the composite coating was higher than that of the amorphous coating. And the composite coating had less free volume. Accordingly, more shear transition regions were activated synergistically during the deformation process, so the atom rearrangement effect was enhanced, which was well proved by the time relaxation spectrum and deformation characteristics. The expansion caused by excessive free volume in the amorphous shear band region caused plastic flow and strain softening. While the less free volume in the composite coating improved this situation, showing a less obvious indentation size effect. Ceramic phase doping appears to be a very effective and promising way to wield the plastic flow, accordingly to modify the amorphous coating. • Composite coating showed enhanced creep resistance than monolithic amorphous coating. • The reinforcement mechanism was theoretically and systematically explained. • Dominant role of FV defects in soft regions was confirmed through delay time spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • MIMs presented predominant antifouling and antibacterial persistence. • Formation of imprinting sites in MOFs helped improve perm-selectivity stability. • "Trade-off" effect between permeability-selectivity was improved. • UMMRs exhibited high-flux specific identification performance. Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) have attracted tremendous attentions as valuable materials to realize energy-efficiency micro-molecule separation. Nonetheless, traditional MMMs inevitably faced low-level substrate-polymer interfacial consistency, functional loadings agglomeration, limited attachment of active reactor and so on, causing poor selectivity of molecular transport in nanochannels. Herein, incorporating ideas from mussel biomimetic chemistry, a bottom-up approach was developed for in situ assembling nanosized metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in polydopamine-adhesive nanoparticles, followed by boron-affinity sol–gel strategy driven anchoring points formation in electrospinning nanofiber membranes to achieve effectively separate shikimic acid (SA) with great medicinal value. Our approach simultaneously improved permeability and selectivity for the membrane adsorbent to nanoscale molecules, and superior SA affinity stability was maintained even during long-term cyclic tests that of only less than 14.97% of rebinding selective capacity loss and 9.83% of perm-selectivity damage. In addition, the antifouling durability as well as antibacterial persistence were retained with ultrahigh UiO-66-functionalized polydopamine (PDA)-connected nanoparticle loadings. This symbiosis-driven de novo strategy could potentially draw bright blueprint for burgeoning MMMs that could realize precise separation to molecules of medical value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feature capture and recognition of sea wave components in radar systems especially in global navigation satellite system reflectometry (GNSS-R) using signal processing approaches or computer simulative methods has become a research hotspot in recent years. At the same time, parameter inversion of marine phenomena from the discovered characteristics plays a significant role in monitoring and forewarning the different components of sea waves. This paper aims to investigate the impact of multiple parameters, such as the wind speed, directionality variable, wave amplitude, wave length, and directions of sea wave components, on the delay waveform of the delay–Doppler map (DDM). Two types of wind waves and the 2-D sinusoidal sea surface are chosen to be analyzed. By comparing and analyzing the discrepancy of delay waveforms under different conditions, it can be concluded that the increased MSS which arises from the increase in the roughness of the sea surface can lead to the difference in the peak value or trial edges exhibited in delay waveforms. The values of delay waveforms at zero chip along the increasing direction of long-crest wind waves exhibit the periodic spikes shape, which is the opposite of the short-crest wind waves, and the fluctuation of the periodic profiles decreases with the increase in the amplitude of waves. The results and conclusions can provide a foundation for the parameter inversion, tracking, and early warning of anomalous formations of waves in bistatic radar configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present extensive spectroscopic observations for one of the closest Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), SN 2014J discovered in M82, ranging from 10.4 d before to 473.2 d after B -band maximum light. The diffuse interstellar band features detected in a high-resolution spectrum allow an estimate of line-of-sight extinction as A v ∼ 1.9 ± 0.6 mag. Spectroscopically, SN 2014J can be put into the high-velocity (HV) subgroup in Wang's classification with a velocity of Si  ii λ 6355 at maximum light of |$v$| 0 = 1.22 ± 0.01 × 104 km s−1 but has a low velocity gradient (LVG, following Benetti's classification) of |$\dot{v}=41\pm 2$| km s−1 d−1, which is inconsistent with the trend that HV SNe Ia generally have larger velocity gradients. We find that the HV SNe Ia with LVGs tend to have relatively stronger Si  iii (at ∼4400 Å) absorptions in early spectra, larger ratios of S  ii λ 5468 to S  ii λ 5640, and weaker Si  ii 5972 absorptions compared to their counterparts with similar velocities but high velocity gradients. This shows that the HV+LVG subgroup of SNe Ia may have intrinsically higher photospheric temperature, which indicates that their progenitors may experience more complete burning in the explosions relative to the typical HV SNe Ia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elevated temperatures limit the peak performance of systems because of frequent interventions by thermal throttling. Non-uniform thermal states across system nodes also cause performance variation within seemingly equivalent nodes leading to significant degradation of overall performance. In this paper we present a framework for creating a lightweight thermal prediction system suitable for run-time management decisions. We pursue two avenues to explore optimized lightweight thermal predictors. First, we use feature selection algorithms to improve the performance of previously designed machine learning methods. Second, we develop alternative methods using neural network and linear regression-based methods to perform a comprehensive comparative study of prediction methods. We show that our optimized models achieve improved performance with better prediction accuracy and lower overhead as compared with the Gaussian process model proposed previously. Specifically we present a reduced version of the Gaussian process model, a neural network–based model, and a linear regression–based model. Using the optimization methods, we are able to reduce the average prediction errors in the Gaussian process from $4.2^\circ$ C to $2.9^\circ$ C. We also show that the newly developed models using neural network and Lasso linear regression have average prediction errors of $2.9^\circ$ C and $3.8^\circ$ C respectively. The prediction overheads are 0.22, 0.097, and 0.026 ms per prediction for reduced Gaussian process, neural network, and Lasso linear regression models, respectively, compared with 0.57 ms per prediction for the previous Gaussian process model. We have implemented our proposed thermal prediction models on a two-node system configuration to help identify the optimal task placement. The task placement identified by the models reduces the average system temperature by up to $11.9^\circ$ C without any performance degradation. Furthermore, these models respectively achieve 75, 82.5, and 74.17 percent success rates in correctly pointing to those task placements with better thermal response, compared with 72.5 percent success for the original model in achieving the same objective. Finally, we extended our analysis to a 16-node system and we were able to train models and execute them in real time to guide task migration and achieve on average 17 percent reduction in the overall system cooling power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Membrane-based imprinted sites for achieving specific molecule transport and precise recognition have great potential to revolutionize nanofiltration technology. Nonetheless, how to efficiently prepare imprinted membrane structures with accurate identification - ultrafast molecular transport - high stability in mobile phase remains a key issue and serious challenge. Herein, we have developed a dual-activation strategy to constructing nanofluid-functionalized membranes with double imprinted nanoscale channels (NMDINCs), realizing ultrafast transport performance as well as structure&size-exclusion selectivity in allusion to particular compounds. The resultant NMDINCs, founded on principal nanofluid-functionalized construction companied by the boronate affinity sol-gel imprinting systems, illustrated that delicate regulation towards polymerization framework as well as functionalization belonging to distinctive membrane structures was crucial for realizing ultrafast molecules transport combined with prominent molecules selectivity. The synergistic recognition of covalent bonds and non-covalent bonds driven by two functional monomers effectively realized the selective recognition to template molecules, leading to the high selective separation factors of Shikimic acid (SA)/ Para hydroxybenzoic acid（PHA）, SA/ P nitrophenol（PN）and catechol（CL）for 8.9, 8.14 and 7.23, respectively. The dynamic consecutive transport outcomes exhibited that numerous SA-dependent recognition sites could still keep reactivity under pump-driven permeation pressure for appreciable time, forcefully proving the successful construction as to high-efficiency membrane-based selective separation system. It is anticipated that this strategy as to the in situ introduction of nanofluid-functionalized construction into porous membrane would hold great promise in preparing high-intensities membrane-founded discriminating separation systems, which was equipped with prominent consecutive permeability as well as excellent selectivity. [Display omitted] • Nanofluid-layers were used as the primary imprinting-initiated system. • Nanofluid channel achieved ultrafast transport of specific molecules. • Covalent/non-covalent synergic-driven strategy improved recognition accuracy. • High stability for perm-selectivity of MIMs in mobile phase was obtained. • MIMs showed excellent antibacterial properties and reusability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Developing a novel post-treatment method for prolong service life of metallic glasses coatings. • Long-term monitoring of coating corrosion was maintained by utilizing EIS. • Synergistic effect of ultrasonic and anneal promoted the penetration of sealing agent. Metallic glasses /crystalline dual-phase coatings tend to have better mechanical properties than metallic glasses coatings, but their corrosion resistance is often deteriorated by crystallization. In this paper, a novel sealing method specially applied to metallic glasses /crystalline dual-phase coatings was developed, that is, the ultrasonic-assisted pre-sealing, annealing plus post-impregnating integration sealing treatment. The structure and properties of the sealing coatings were investigated by SEM, EDS, XRD, potentiodynamic polarization, EIS, and friction experiments. It was found that the coating sealed by the method proposed in this paper had a more compact sealing structure, and has better corrosion resistance than the impregnation sealing coating in long-term corrosion experiments. After 40 days of immersion, the corrosion current density of the multistep integration sealing coating still maintained 15.63 μA·cm−2, which was much higher than that of the impregnation sealing coating. In addition, it also showed better friction resistance than the impregnation sealing coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) are burgeoning as one of the effective strategies to achieve high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) by incorporating a third component with a complementary absorption into the binary blends. In this study, we presented a new two-dimension-conjugated small molecule denoted by DR3TBDTTVT, which alone gave rise to a best PCE of 5.71% with acceptor PC 71 BM as active layer. Given the complementary absorption with PTB7-Th, DR3TBDTTVT was doped into (PTB7-Th:PC 71 BM)-based binary blends, and ternary OSCs were developed. The ternary OSCs with 10 wt% of DR3TBDTTVT displayed improved hole-mobility, reduced device resistance and better phase separation of active layer, thus leading to an impressive PCE of 7.77% with open-circuit voltage of 0.77 V, short-circuit density of 14.52 mA cm −2 and fill factor of 70.3%. Ternary OSCs well make up for the light-harvesting insufficiency of binary OSCs, and this research provides a new material for the improvement of PCEs for single-junction OSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coded excitation was initially introduced to ultrasound imaging as a method for enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). However, this method was also shown to be helpful in conjunction with synthetic aperture transmission for high frame rate imaging. Recently, we introduced two families of mismatched coded excitations based on frequency modulation chirp and combined frequency modulation and Golay code. Here “mismatched” indicates that the coded excitations generate very small cross-correlations among themselves while each has a very strong autocorrelation. Employing weakly correlated coded excitations enables performing simultaneous insonifications from several elements of the ultrasonic transducer and receiving distinguishable responses to each code. In this work, we propose and experimentally demonstrate another set of mismatched correlated coded excitations based on Golay codes. The generated phase codes share identical duration and center frequency which results in similar SNR and image resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Novel multi-functional compounds that developed for the treatment of monoamine oxidases (MAO) related nervous system diseases. • The compounds exhibited isoform-selective inhibitory activity against MAO-A and MAO-B respectively, depending on the carbon chain length. • A2 and A5 showed isoform-selective MAO inhibitory activity and remarkable neuronal cell protective ability against H 2 O 2 -induced cell damage. • A2 and A5 present low cytotoxicity and good blood–brain barrier permeability. A novel series of N -methyl-propargylamine derivates were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as isoform-selective monoamine oxidases (MAO) inhibitors for the treatment of nervous system diseases. The in vitro studies showed some of the compounds exhibited considerable MAO-A selective inhibitory activity (IC 50 of 14.86–17.16 nM), while some of the others exhibited great MAO-B selective inhibitory activity (IC 50 of 4.37–17.00 nM). Further studies revealed that compounds A2 （IC 50 against MAO-A: 17.16 ± 1.17 nM） and A5 (IC 50 against MAO-B: 17.00 ± 1.10 nM) had significant abilities to protect PC12 cells from H 2 O 2 -induced apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The parallel artificial membrane permeability assay showed A2 and A5 would be potent to cross the blood–brain barrier. The results indicated that A2 showed potential use in the therapy of MAO-A related diseases, such as depression and anxiety; while A5 exhibited promising ability in the treatment of MAO-B related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Biomimetic modification of polydopamine is used as the initial blot layer. • The stable loading of the blot GO sheet provides porosity and layered structure. • Sol-gel blotting and blot GO tablets co-selectively isolate artemisinin. • MIMs have good stability in continuous infiltration. Membrane-based separations can improve energy efficiency and reduce the environmental impact associated with conventional methods. However, conventional adsorbents encapsulate most of their functional sites in their dense structures, leading to issues of low selectivity and adsorption capacity. To overcome the above problems, the scalable basswood-based PDA/GO-embedded self-assembly membranes were prepared based a multilayer artemisinin (Ars)-imprinted nanocage (MA/SB-P/G-ESMs) for highly selective adsorption and transport to Ars. The double-layer imprinting strategy of graphene oxide based on polydopamine and κ-carrageenan using three-dimensional mesoporous basswood as the support membrane improved the effective imprinting platform. The final MA/SB-P/G-ESMs were prepared by a heat-initiated radical polymerization, acrylamide was used as a functional monomer to conveniently and efficiently form specific recognition sites on the membrane. Notably, the outcomes demonstrated that, despite interference with other rivals, MA/SB-P/G-ESMs displayed perfect rebinding selectivity (λ = 2.67, 2.89, 2.35) and perm-selectivity (β = 8.16, 5.43, 6.51) for Ars. The high regeneration rate (after 10 cycles, greater than93%) demonstrated the MA/SB-P/G-ESMs' practical application potential. The selective separation of Ars using the MA/SB-P/G-ESM preparation method showed substantial promise in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Membranes with specific-recognition and superfast-filtration have significant practical applications in water purification and chiral separation. However, membrane technique still remains challenging to high selectivity and permeation in aqueous-and-organic solvents. Here, we reported a new approach to designing framework-functionalized membranes with multiple binding sites (FMMBSs) that enabled structure&size-exclusion selectivity and fast transport performance towards specific compound of shikimic acid (SA). The as-prepared FMMBSs, based on intrinsic core-shell structure of the boronate-affinity sol-gel imprinted polymers, demonstrated that exquisite control over polymerization pattern and functionalization of characteristic membrane construction played important roles in achieving fast molecule transport combined with high molecular selectivity. The superior property of the membrane-based core-shell structure had been initially demonstrated by testing nitrogen adsorption capacity, showing about a 3.0 times higher result (63.65 cm3/g) than that of original membrane (20.71 cm3/g). These framework-functionalized membranes were then regarded as the platforms to construct the FMMBSs through a first-time-developed boronate-affinity sol-gel imprinting strategy. Therefore, the FMMBSs always kept remarkably static rebinding capacity (45.48 mg g−1) and perm-selectivity factors (>10). The dynamic transport results showed that much higher SA-based rebinding capacities than that of other molecules could be still observed under pump-pressure-driven for a long time, which strongly confirmed the preparation of high-efficiency selective membrane separation system. The strategy of introducing framework-functionalized structure on porous membrane would offer a window of opportunity for preparation of high-intensitive selective separation membrane systems not only for continuous high permeability, but also for competitive selectivity. Framework-functionalized membranes with multiple binding sites were prepared to achieve precise identification and superfast transmission to shikimic acid. [Display omitted] • Framework-functionalized platform was used as imprinting-initiated system. • The concept of "boron-affinity sol-gel imprinting" was proposed. • Precise identification and transport to specific molecules by MIMs were achieved. • High stability for perm-selectivity of MIMs in mobile phase was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mismatched coded excitation (CE) can be employed to increase the frame rate of synthetic aperture ultrasound imaging. The high autocorrelation and low cross correlation (CC) of transmitted signals enables the identification and separation of signal sources at the receiver. Thus, the method provides B-mode imaging with simultaneous transmission from several elements and capability of spatial decoding of the transmitted signals, which makes the imaging process equivalent to consecutive transmissions. Each transmission generates its own image and the combination of all the images results in an image with a high lateral resolution. In this paper, we introduce two different methods for generating multiple mismatched CEs with an identical frequency bandwidth and code length. Therefore, the proposed families of mismatched CEs are able to generate similar resolutions and signal-to-noise ratios. The application of these methods is demonstrated experimentally. Furthermore, several techniques are suggested that can be used to reduce the CC between the mismatched codes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Ceramic particle-reinforced Fe-based amorphous coatings have received extensive attention due to their excellent strength and wear resistance. In this paper, TiN x /TiO y -enhanced Fe-based amorphous coatings were prepared by reactive plasma spraying technology, and the effect of eggshell-like TiN x /TiO y on the comprehensive mechanical properties of Fe-based amorphous coatings was systematically studied. The results showed that the hardness of the composite coating was significantly higher than that of the amorphous single-phase coating. Moreover, indentation experiments showed that TiN x /TiO y effectively confined crack growth in the amorphous phase. Though the bonding strength of the composite coating was lower than that of the pure amorphous coating, but still maintained a high bonding force of 20.68 MPa. Through the wear experiment, it was found that the wear scar of the composite coatings appeared plastic deformation, the friction coefficient and wear mass loss were both greatly reduced, and the optimal wear performance appeared in the composite coating with 15% Ti addition. In addition, SEM, EDS analysis, and the first-principles simulation results demonstrated the good bonding between Ti-containing compounds and Fe-based alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

δ‐MnO2 has been vigorously developed as an ideal cathode material for rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) due to its spacious layer spacing suitable for ion storage. However, poor intrinsic conductivity, structural collapse, and sluggish reaction kinetics are major limitations restricting their battery performance. Doping engineering has been proven to be an effective strategy for modifying the structure, conductivity, and electronic properties of Mn‐based oxides. Here, a series of δ‐MnO2 hierarchical flowers with different cerium‐doped sites are proposed as high‐performance cathodes for AZIBs, revealing the effects of various Ce doping sites on the MnO2 layer‐by‐layer structure and battery performance. Chemical analysis and theoretical calculations indicate that δ‐MnO2 with both in‐layer and interlayer Ce doping (Cein/inter‐MnO2) allows for sufficient Zn2+ storage sites, higher conductivity, and enhanced reaction kinetics due to enlarged interlayer spacing, increased oxygen defects, and reduced Coulombic repulsion between zinc ions and manganese oxide hosts. As a result, Cein/inter‐MnO2 with extended ion transfer channels and sturdy structure delivers a superior capacity of 348.8 mAh g−1 at a current density of 300 mA g−1 over 100 cycles, and a high retention rate of ≈100% at a current density of 3000 mA g−1 over 2000 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poor operational stability is a crucial factor limiting the further application of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Organic semiconductor layers can be a powerful means for reinforcing interfaces and inhibiting ion migration. Herein, two hole‐transporting molecules, pDPA‐SFX and mDPA‐SFX, are synthesized with tuned substituent connection sites. The meta‐substituted mDPA‐SFX results in a larger dipole moment, more ordered packing, and better charge mobility than pDPA‐SFX, accompanying with strong interface bonding on perovskite surfaces and suppressed ion motion as well. Importantly, mDPA‐SFX‐based PSCs exhibit an efficiency that has significantly increased from 22.5 % to 24.8 % and a module‐based efficiency of 19.26 % with an active area of 12.95 cm2. The corresponding cell retain 94.8 % of its initial efficiency at maximum power point tracking (MPPT) after 1,000 h (T95=1,000 h). The MPPT T80 lifetime is as long as 2,238 h. This work illustrates that a small degree of structural variation in organic compounds leaves considerable room for developing new HTMs for light stable PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ti3C2Tx and Ti3C2Tx-NiO composites with three-dimensional (3D) porous networks were successfully fabricated via vacuum freeze-drying. The microstructure, absorption, and electrochemical properties of the developed composites were investigated. Nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles could be evenly distributed on the three-dimensional network of three-dimensional Ti3C2Tx using solution processing. When employed as electrochemical capacitor electrodes in 1 M environmentally friendly sodium sulfate, Na2SO4, solution, the three-dimensional porous Ti3C2Tx-NiO composite electrodes exhibited considerable volume specific capacitance as compared to three-dimensional porous Ti3C2Tx. The three-dimensional porous Ti3C2Tx-NiO composite delivered a remarkable cycling performance with a capacitance retention of up to 114% over 2500 cycles. The growth trend of the capacitance with NiO content shows that nickel oxide plays a crucial role in the composite electrodes. These results present a roadmap for the development of convenient and economical supercapacitors in consideration with the possibilities of morphological control and the extensibility of the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pursuit of commercializing perovskite photovoltaics is driving the development of various scalable perovskite crystallization techniques. Among them, gas quenching is a promising crystallization approach for high‐throughput deposition of perovskite films. However, the perovskite films prepared by gas‐quenching assisted blade coating are susceptible to the formation of pinholes and frequently show inferior crystallinity if the interplay between film coating, film drying, and crystallization kinetics is not fully optimized. That arguably requires a thorough understanding of how single processing steps influence the crystallization kinetics of printed perovskite films. Here, in situ optical spectroscopies are integrated into a doctor‐blading setup that allows to real‐time monitor film formation during the gas‐quenching process. It is found that the essential role of gas quenching treatment is in achieving a smooth and compact perovskite film by controlling the nucleation rate. Moreover, with the assistance of phase‐field simulations, the role of excessive methylammonium iodide is revealed to increase grain size by accelerating the crystal growth rate. These results show a tailored control of crystal growth rate is critical to achieving optimal film quality, leading to fully printed solar cells with a champion power conversion efficiency of 19.50% and mini solar modules with 15.28% efficiency are achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Considering the characteristics of coordinated controlling for wind‐hydro‐thermal integrated energy, a multi‐objective and multi‐constraint optimal dispatch model has been established for wind‐hydro‐thermal power system in this paper. The proposed model not only effectively solves the nonlinear, multidimensional, and discontinuous problems of wind power hotspot systems with many constraints, but also attaches importance to the use of clean energy to reduce the operating cost and power output variability of thermal generators. Firstly, it converts the multi‐objective into a comprehensive objective function for overall optimization; Secondly, the Symbiotic Organisms Search (SOS) algorithm is improved by creating multiple ecosystems; Finally, an optimal dispatching model based on improved SOS algorithm is described in details. The validity of this model is proved by the improved IEEE 24‐node test system and the results are compared with the related algorithms. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model has the characteristics of high optimal precision, fast convergence, and lower cost time. In addition, its comprehensive indicator is superior to PSO, GWO, CSA algorithms, which provides a new optimization strategy for wind‐hydro‐thermal power joint dispatching problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Au/SiO 2 -pDA-based nanocomposite ovalbumin-imprinted membranes with controllable biocompatibility/selectivity were first proposed and developed for the achievements of thermo-responsive recognition ability and reversible cell adhesion/detachment. Inspired by the biomimetic modification strategy of dopamine self-polymerization technique, molecularly imprinted nanocomposite membranes (MINCMs) with thermo-responsive rebinding and separation performance were synthesized and evaluated. Herein, the Au/SiO 2 -based multilevel structure had been successfully obtained onto the polydopamine (pDA) modified membrane surfaces. Afterward, the poly(N -isopropylacrylamide)-based biomolecule-imprinted sites were adequately constructed by developing a photoinitiated atom transfer radical polymerization (pATRP) imprinting strategy using the high-biocompatible ovalbumin (Ova, pI 4.6) as template molecule. Therefore, thermo-responsive 'specific recognition sites' toward Ova were then achieved on the as-prepared MINCMs after the well-designed imprinting process. When the external temperature was set at 37 °C, excellent ovalbumin rebinding capacity (33.26 mg/g), selectivity factor (3.06) and structural stability were obtained. Importantly, as to the controllable biocompatibility research of this work, the bare glass and Ova-bound-MINCMs (the MINCMs were bound with Ova) showed basically the same cell adhesion behaviors and viability, indicating the excellent biocompatibility of the Ova-bound-MINCMs. Additionally, efficient and rapid regulation of cell adhesion/detachment on ovalbumin-bound MINCMs could be still obtained even after 10 cycles of temperature-switch process, which indicated that the as-prepared MINCMs had strong ability to work under high intensity and long continuous operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Coating sealing and the passive film repairing were completed by the one-step method. • The thickness of passive film increased from 2.37 to 12.04 nm. • Iron phosphate conversion layer promoted Fe 2 O 3 and Cr 2 O 3 in the passive film to increase by 183.5 % and 93.5 % respectively. • Electron transport mechanism at the interface of passive film/phosphate conversion layer was investigated. Pore defect elimination is the most effective way to prolong the service life of Fe-based amorphous coating. In this study, the passive sealant (PSG) was successfully prepared by the sol–gel method, and the sealing and passive film continuous repair were completed in one-step. Three-dimensional X-ray tomography (3D-XRT) was used to reveal the PSG penetration depths, which was more than 180 μm and resulted in a significant rising of the coating density. The ferric phosphate film formed on the interface of the sealant/coating changed the semiconductor properties of the passive film. The results of Mott-Shottky test showed that the donor density (N d) decreased by 5 orders of magnitude, which slowed down the diffusion rate of the point defect of the passive film, and the thickness of the passive film increased from 2.37 nm to 12.04 nm. With the extension of immersion time, the concentration of Fe 2 O 3 and Cr 2 O 3 increased by 183.5 % and 93.5 %, respectively. In addition, the increasing concentrations of Fe3+/Fe2+ and Cr3+/Cr0 also demonstrated the improvement of the coating's passive ability. This study provides a low-cost and a simple strategy for one-step completion of coating sealing and passive film repair to extending the service life of Fe-based amorphous coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simultaneously optimizing the processing parameters of functional thin films remains a challenge. The design and utilization of a fully automated platform called SPINBOT is presented for the engineering of solution‐processed functional thin films. The SPINBOT is capable of performing experiments with high sampling variability through the unsupervised processing of hundreds of substrates with exceptional experimental control. Through the iterative optimization process enabled by the Bayesian optimization (BO) algorithm, the SPINBOT explores an intricate parameter space, continuously improving the quality and reproducibility of the produced thin films. This machine learning (ML)‐guided reliable SPINBOT platform enables the acceleration of the optimization process of perovskite solar cells via a simple photoluminescence characterization of films. As a result, this study arrives at an optimal film that, when processed into a solar cell in an ambient atmosphere, immediately yields a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.6% with satisfactory performance reproducibility. The unsealed devices retain 90% of their initial efficiency after 1100 h of continuous operation at 60–65 °C under metal‐halide lamps. It is anticipated that the integration of robotic platforms with the intelligent algorithm will facilitate the widespread adoption of effective autonomous experimentation to address the evolving needs and constraints within the materials science research community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of OA-tacrine hybrids with the alkylamine linker was designed, synthesized, and evaluated as effective cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Biological activity results demonstrated that some hybrids possessed significant inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Among them, compounds B4 (hAChE, IC50 = 14.37 ± 1.89 nM; SI > 695.89) and D4 (hAChE, IC50 = 0.18 ± 0.01 nM; SI = 3374.44) showed excellent inhibitory activities and selectivity for AChE as well as low nerve cell toxicity. Furthermore, compounds B4 and D4 exhibited lower hepatotoxicity than tacrine in cell viability, apoptosis, and intracellular ROS production for HepG2 cells. These properties of compounds B4 and D4 suggest that they deserve further investigation as promising agents for the prospective treatment of AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the rock mass in nature contains a large number of joints, faults and other defects, which make the rock mass have the characteristics of discontinuity and anisotropy, and easily lead to instability and failure of rock engineering. A great quantity of engineering practices show that the bolt has a significant supporting effect on jointed rock mass. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the deformation and failure characteristics of jointed rock mass and the crack arrest effect of bolt for the safety and stability of engineering. A reasonable numerical model of bolted rock samples with non-persistent joints is established by using a three-dimensional Particle Flow Code (PFC) based on the laboratory rock specimens, and the uniaxial compression numerical test is carried out. The results indicate that (1) the numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the laboratory test results, and the variation trend of strength is basically consistent; (2) the different joint angles and anchorage angles result in variations in the mechanical properties of bolted specimens with non-persistent joints; (3) the joint angle has a significant effect on the failure mode of the specimen; (4) the existence of bolts can effectively limit the initiation and propagation process of micro-cracks, and greatly improve the mechanical properties of the specimen containing non-persistent joints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Morphological engineering plays a very important role to the performance of perovskite solar cells. In this study, 3,4-dihydroxybenzhydrazide employes as an additive in the perovskite precursor to control the crystallization kinetics. It is found that the doping of 3,4-dihydroxybenzhydrazide led to increase of grain size and decrease of grain boundaries, both of which facilitate charge transportation and suppress charge recombination within the photoactive layers. Consequently, the power conversion efficiencies of the corresponding perovskite solar cells are significantly enhanced, and a champion power conversion efficiencies of 17.58% with open circuit voltage of 1.06 V, short circuit current density of 21.40 mA cm−2 and fill factor of 79.1% is achieved, which is 21.5% higher than that without 3,4-dihydroxybenzhydrazide (14.47%). Moreover, upon doping the stability of the perovskite solar cells is also improved. We believe that the idea demonstrated in this research can also be applied to other lead-based perovskite systems. Graphical abstract Image 1005 Highlights • DOBD containing Lewis base C O was employed as additive to control the crystallizxation kinetics of perovskite. • The grain size of peroveskite enlarged dramatically with doping of DOBD. • The PCEs of perovskite solar cell with DOBD incrased dramatically and the stability of Pero-SCs was also enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The penetration depth of rosin sealant was increased from 100 to 150 μm. • The wear volume decreases from 0.73 to 0.089 mm3, and the wear resistance increases by more than 8 times. • Rosin sealant almost eliminates adhesive wear and oxidation wear of the coating. Natural rosin was introduced as the sealing material of Fe-based amorphous coating. The permeability and wear mechanism of rosin sealant were investigated. The research shows that the penetration depth of the sealant reaches more than 150 μm, which effectively seals the pore network inside the coating. Under the sliding friction condition, the rosin sealant in the micro-pore can be released slowly and used as the lubricating medium. After the introduction of natural rosin, the friction volume of the coating decreased from 0.73 mm3 to 0.089 mm3, the degree of adhesive wear and oxidation wear decreases, and the wear resistance of the coating increased significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal nanocrystals have shown great potential in the application of solar cell devices, which is ascribed to their enhancement in light-harvesting, due to the plasmonic effects. Herein, we applied AuAg@AuAg (AuAg) core-shell alloy nanocrystals (ANCs) into PEDOT:PSS layer of the p-i-n perovskite solar cells (pero-SCs) as dopant for the first time. The devices based on AuAg ANCs doped PEDOT:PSS reached a champion power conversion efficiency of 16.76%, showing a 28% increase compared with that of the devices based on non-doped PEDOT:PSS (13.14%). Further device characterizations, including incident photon-to-current efficiency, UV–vis absorption spectra, photoluminescence and alternating current impedance spectroscopy, suggested that the significant increase of device performance could mainly attribute to better light harvesting by the scattering effect of AuAg ANCs and better charge transport of the modified PEDOT:PSS layer. This study provides a new doping material in PEDOT:PSS to enhance the light harvesting, which leads to a significant improvement on the performance of pero-SCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An in-situ TiN x -reinforced Fe-based amorphous composite coating was fabricated by reactive plasma-spraying. Moreover, well formed TiN x exhibited excellent bonding interface with the amorphous. Besides, the composite coating displayed higher microhardness and resistance to plastic deformation compared to unadulterated amorphous coatings. Additionally, the composite coating reformed the smooth-stepped brittle fracture morphology of the amorphous coating, due to the hindered expansion of cracks between the two phases. Furthermore, delamination, oxidation, and other negative wear phenomena of the amorphous coating were effectively improved in the composite coating, especially under high load and high-speed friction conditions. The integration of TiN x had a significant positive effect on improving the friction-induced crack damage of Fe-based amorphous coatings, thus, the wear resistance. • TiN x enhancing Fe-based amorphous coating exhibits great phase bonding and porosity. • Composite coating exhibits superior micro-mechanical and crack obstruction properties. • Composite coating has better wear resistance with reformed delamination and oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The high-performance MXene nanosheets with stable and tunable lamellar nanochannels were introduced to the polymeric membrane matrix. • As a multifunction hybrid coating, PDA enhances the antioxidant properties and hydrophilicity of the original MXene. • A discontinuous cooperative imprinting strategy is developed to achieve high selectivity. • A lasting adsorption stability was realized. Ti 3 C 2 T x (MXene) has attracted wide research interest for application in various fields due to its rich surface chemistry and 2D multilayer structure. However, its application remains challenging due to its oxidative fragility. Here, Polydopamine (PDA) act as both the functional monomer and crosslinker, could self-polymerize to form a stable multifunction hybrid coating on MXene surfaces, which enhances the antioxidant properties of the MXene while form the first SA-imprinted sites. During the second imprinting process, the PDA-based first SA-imprinted recognition layer acted as the "anchor" to trigger the second SA-imprinted layer (sol–gel boronate affinity imprinting layer). Benefiting from the above mentioned discontinuous cooperative imprinting strategy, an efficient SA dual-imprinted sites was constructed on the surface of MXene-based molecularly imprinted membrane(P-MBMs). Such cooperative imprinting strategy could generate highly specific and strong binding sites for the template molecule. Adsorption isotherm and dynamics, permeation selectivity, and stability were studied, with ideal rebinding ability for SA (363.29 g m−2) and permselectivity factors (β Catechol/SA = 2.40, β P-HB/SA = 5.50, β P-NP/SA = 7.54), respectively. In-situ diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) analysis revealed that the high selectivity of P-MBMs for SA was mainly realized by the SA dual-imprinted sites constructed on the membrane. In addition, dynamic penetration test was first used to to verify the stability of the P-MBMs to specifically recognize the target molecule in this work. Compared to one-step imprinting approaches, the proposed discontinuous cooperative imprinting strategy would offer precise recognition sites, multiple strengthening of SA-imprinted sites could improve the selective separation performance of P-MBMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The corrosion resistance of the Fe-based amorphous coating decreases sharply at 105°C. • The passive film formed at 105°C is thicker, but has more defects. • N-p heterojunctions appeared, and doping concentrations increased at 105°C. The comprehensive effects of high temperatures and corrosive environments tend to cause grievous damage to the workpieces. In this paper, the effect of high temperature on the corrosion resistance of Fe-based amorphous coatings was studied. And the corrosion kinetics and variation of passive film characteristics of coatings at 25°C and 105°C were investigated by potentiodynamic polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Mott-Schottky analysis, and et al., respectively. It was found that high temperature accelerated the corrosion process, as well promoted the thickening of passive films, and had a dissimilar influence on iron ions of different chemical valences synchronously. Besides, the increase in dopant concentrations and the structural change of the passive film were the main factors affecting the corrosion resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spinel Li4Ti5O12 hollow nanospheres self-assembled with lamellar nanocrystallites have been successfully prepared by employing colloid carbon spheres as templates via a solvothermal reaction route and a subsequent calcination process. During the solvothermal treatment, the amorphous Li4Ti5O12 deposits on the colloid carbon spheres, leading to amorphous C@a-Li4Ti5O12 core–shell nanospheres. Two calcination strategies, one is to calcine the C@a-Li4Ti5O12 core–shell nanospheres in air directly and the other is to first calcine the nanospheres in inert gas of nitrogen and then in air, are investigated for controlling the microstructures of spinel Li4Ti5O12 hollow nanospheres. Based on the experimental results, the formation mechanism of the spinel Li4Ti5O12 hollow nanospheres has been discussed. The spinel Li4Ti5O12 hollow nanospheres obtained by the secondary calcination method exhibit nice capacity retention and high-rate capacity due to the smaller lamellar nanocrystallites and enhanced contact with the electrolytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sealing treatment is an effective method to prolong the service life of Fe-based amorphous coatings for steel substrates. Common sealants always have the disadvantages of releasing amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and are expensive, prompting researchers to develop an eco-friendly, low cost and high-performance sealant. However, their simultaneous improvement is restricted by some inevitable contradictions among them. Herein, natural rosin was introduced as a sealing material and an eco-friendly natural rosin-based SiO 2 –NH 2 @GO hybrid sealant was successfully prepared by the sol-gel method. In addition, the functional nanocomposite SiO 2 –NH 2 @GO was added to the hybrid sealant system to achieve the purpose of extending the service life of the sealant. The filling efficiency, adhesion, thermal stability and long-term corrosion resistance of hybrid sealants were investigated. The study showed that the adhesion of the hybrid sealant to the Fe-based amorphous coating was improved by 10.59% after adding the nanocomposite. The hybrid sealant reaches maximum thermal decomposition at 414.3 °C. The corrosion current density (i corr) of the sample NSG-0.5‰ still decreased by about two orders of magnitude after immersion for 672 h (0#, i corr = 1.39 × 10−4 A/cm2; NSG-0.5‰, i corr = 1.51 × 10−6 A/cm2). Full immersion experiments explore the failure process of hybrid sealants, where corrosion always tends to propagate with unmelted particles. The hybrid sealant prepared has the advantages of being eco-friendly and low cost, and provides a specific preparation process, which provides a new direction for the development of the sealant. The preparation process of nanocomposite SiO 2 –NH 2 @GO and sealed samples. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The passivation ability of the coating can be improved by adjusting the elements proportion in the Iron-based Amorphous Coating and the spraying process, but the process is complicated and costly. In this study, it was found for the first time that Iron-based Amorphous Coatings can quickly form passive films in phosphate atmosphere, which simplifies the coating strengthening process. Electrochemical measurements, XPS, AFM, FTIR, and SEM-EDS were used to investigate the inhibition mechanism of eco-friendly phosphates on the dynamic dissolution of passive film of Fe-based amorphous coating. When the coating was soaked in 3.5 wt% NaCl + 0.1 M solution, the iron phosphate compound on the coating surface promoted the repair and growth of the passive film, and the film thickness increased by more than 32.9 %. The increase of Fe2+/Fe3+ and (O2-+H 2 O)/OH- in the passive film means that more insoluble Fe-Cr compound growth significantly reduces the donor density (N d) in the passive film and inhibits the degradation rate of the passive film in the corrosive environment. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]