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Background: Bromhidrosis, characterized by foul‐smelling sweat, is a prevalent condition that significantly affects patients' social and psychological well‐being. Methods: This review presents novel treatment approaches and discusses the pros and cons of various treatment options for axillary bromhidrosis. Results: Extensive research has explored numerous treatment modalities for bromhidrosis. This article systematically reviews both surgical and nonsurgical interventions utilized in clinical practice. Conclusion: By synthesizing available evidence, this review aims to offer evidence‐based recommendations for effectively managing bromhidrosis, considering factors such as treatment efficacy, safety profiles, patient preferences, and clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To present the detailed implementation processes of the IDEAL algorithm for two-dimensional compressible flows based on Delaunay triangular mesh, and compare the performance of the SIMPLE and IDEAL algorithms for solving compressible problems. What's more, the implementation processes of Delaunay mesh generation and derivation of the pressure correction equation are also introduced. Design/methodology/approach: Programming completely in C++. Findings: Five compressible examples are used to test the SIMPLE and IDEAL algorithms, and the comparison with measurement data shows good agreement. The IDEAL algorithm has much better performance in both convergence rate and stability over the SIMPLE algorithm. Originality/value: The detail solution procedure of implementing the IDEAL algorithm for compressible flows based on Delaunay triangular mesh is presented in this work, seemingly first in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop prognostic prediction models for patients diagnosed with synchronous thyroid and breast cancer (TBC). Utilizing the SEER database, key predictive factors were identified, including T stage of thyroid cancer, T stage of breast cancer, M stage of breast cancer, patient age, thyroid cancer surgery type, and isotope therapy. A nomogram predicting 5-year and 10-year survival rates was constructed and validated, exhibiting strong performance (C-statistic: 0.79 in the development cohort (95% CI: 0.74-0.84), and 0.82 in the validation cohort (95% CI: 0.77-0.89)). The area under the Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve ranged from 0.798 to 0.883 for both cohorts. Calibration and decision curve analyses further affirmed the model's clinical utility. Stratifying patients into high-risk and low-risk groups using the nomogram revealed significant differences in survival rates (P < 0.0001). The successful development and validation of this nomogram for predicting 5-year and 10-year survival rates in patients with synchronous TBC hold promise for similar patient populations, contributing significantly to cancer research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emission characteristics of quantum-dot micropillar lasers (QDMLs) are located at the intersection of nanophotonics and nonlinear dynamics, which provides an ideal platform for studying the optical interface between classical and quantum systems. In this work, a noise-induced bimodal QDML with orthogonal dual-mode outputs is modeled, and nonlinear dynamics, stochastic mode jumping and quantum statistics with the variation of stochastic noise intensity are investigated. Noise-induced effects lead to the emergence of two intensity bifurcation points for the strong and the weak mode, and the maximum output power of the strong mode becomes larger as the noise intensity increases. The anti-correlation of the two modes reaches the maximum at the second intensity bifurcation point. The dual-mode stochastic jumping frequency and effective bandwidth can exceed 100 GHz and 30 GHz under the noise-induced effect. Moreover, the noise-induced photon correlations of both modes simultaneously exhibit super-thermal bunching effects ( g (2) (0) > 2) in the low injection current region. The g (2) (0) -value of the strong mode can reach over 6 in the high injection current region. Photon bunching ( g (2) (0) > 1) of both modes is observed over a wide range of noise intensities and injection currents. In the presence of the noise-induced effect, the photon number distribution of the strong or the weak mode is a mixture of Bose–Einstein and Poisson distributions. As the noise intensity increases, the photon number distribution of the strong mode is dominated by the Bose–Einstein distribution, and the proportion of the Poisson distribution is increased in the high injection current region, while that of the weak mode is reduced. Our results contribute to the development preparation of super-bunching quantum integrated light sources for improving the spatiotemporal resolution of quantum sensing measurements and enhancing the security of optical communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Douyin APP is the short video APP with the largest number of users in China. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the quality and reliability of short videos about cosmetic surgery on Douyin. Methods: In August 2022, we retrieved and screened 300 short videos related to cosmetic surgery from Douyin, extracted basic video information, encoded the content and identified the video source. The quality and reliability of short video information were evaluated using the DISCERN instrument. Results: A total of 168 short videos of cosmetic surgery were included in the survey, and the video sources included personal accounts and institutional accounts. Overall, the total proportion of institutional accounts (47/168, 27.98%) is significantly less than that of personal accounts (121/168, 72.02%); nonhealth professionals received the most praises, comments and even collections and reposts, while for‐profit academic organizations or institutions received the least. The DISCERN scores of 168 short videos of cosmetic surgery were 3.74–4.58 (average 4.22). Content reliability (p =.04) and overall short video quality (p =.02) are significantly different, but short videos published from different sources have no significant difference in treatment selection (p =.052). Conclusion: The overall information quality and reliability of short videos about cosmetic surgery on Douyin are satisfactory in China. Patient or Public Contribution: The participants were involved in developing research questions, study design, management and conduct, interpretation of evidence and dissemination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to investigate and analyze the effect of different application sequences of CO2 fractional laser and triamcinolone acetonide injection on the application effect of hypertrophic scar in one operation. Patients with hypertrophic scars who received CO2 lattice laser combined with triamcinolone acetonide injection from January 2021 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different initial operations, they were divided into CO2 FL-TA group and TA-CO2 FL group. The Vancouver Scar Scale score and scar thickness of the two groups before and after treatment were analyzed. The complications occurred in the two groups during the treatment period. The clinical efficacy of the two groups before and after the treatment was calculated. Before treatment, there was no difference in scar thickness and VSS score between the two groups (P > 0.05). After treatment, the above indexes in CO2 FL-TA group were significantly better than those in TA-CO2 FL group (P < 0.05); the incidence of adverse reactions in CO2 FL-TA group was 9.38%, which was significantly lower than that in TA-CO2 FL group (18.75%) (P < 0.05); the total effective rate of CO2 FL-TA group was 90.63%, which was significantly higher than that in TA-CO2 FL group (65.63%) (P < 0.05). In the process of combined CO2 fractional laser and triamcinolone acetonide injection in the treatment of hypertrophic scars, CO2 fractional laser treatment first, and then triamcinolone acetonide injection can reduce the number of treatments, reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, and achieve more satisfactory treatment effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Blepharoplasty is a typical complex structural system, which involves many factors and the interaction among them. Therefore, it is the basis of controlling the occurrence of medical complications in blepharoplasty to clarify the hierarchical relationship of various risk factors and find out the key risk factors. Methods: On the basis of identifying the risk factors for quality management of blepharoplasty by means of literature research, questionnaire survey and expert interview, the risk factor model of blepharoplasty quality management were analyzed and constructed. The relationship between the risk factors and the degree of influence on the risk factors was studied using Decision‐Making Trialand Evaluation Laboratory and Interpretative Structural Modeling Method, and the hierarchical structure model of the risk factors for blepharoplasty quality management was obtained. Results: Six levels of risk factors in quality management of blepharoplasty were identified and classified, and the causal attributes among risk factors were determined. Six key risk factors in quality management of double eyelid surgery were determined according to centrality, and finally the above risk factors were divided into three categories: direct cause, excessive cause, and essential cause. Conclusions: This study realizes the comprehensive risk factor analysis of the complex system of quality management of blepharoplasty, which can provide reference for plastic surgeons to make safety decisions of blepharoplasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An integrated heat sink with ionic wind for heat dissipation of high-power LEDs is developed. • The multi-physical characteristics of discharge, flow, and heat transfer are studied. • The impact degrees of structural parameters are analyzed. • Optimization of parameters and performance is realized and verified. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are becoming increasingly high-power and compact, which makes rotary fans incompetent in some cooling situations. The ionic wind technique can compensate for the shortcomings of rotating fans, owing to its benefits of no moving parts and compact structure. Integrating the ionic wind generator with heat dissipation fins can effectively reduce the size of LED devices, but research in this area is still insufficient. In this study, an integrated ionic wind heat sink is designed for cooling LEDs. The multi-physical characteristics of discharge, flow, and heat transfer are numerically studied. The geometric parameters' impact degree and mechanism on the multi-physical characteristics are analyzed. The performance optimization of the integrated heat sink is realized and verified. The fin length, flow channel center angle, and relative position of the fin have a large influence on the average velocity of ionic wind. The relative position of the wire electrode determines the electric field strength distribution, and it has the greatest influence on the ionic wind performance. The emitting electrode being placed at the inlet edge of the collecting electrode produces a high ionic wind flow rate. The integrated ionic wind heat sink designed in this study exhibits an outstanding cooling performance and temperature uniformity. This device can cool down the surface of a heat source with a power of 200 W to below 91 °C and make the average heat transfer coefficient reach 18.6 W/(m2·K). This study proposes a valuable method to optimize the integrated ionic wind heat sink for cooling high-power electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the effect of absorbable collagen thread and cosmetic suture technique on scar inhibition after emergency facial trauma in children, and to explore the application value of absorbable collagen thread in emergency facial trauma. Methods: Children who received emergency treatment of facial trauma in plastic surgery department from January 2021 to January 2022 were analysed retrospectively, and were divided into absorbable collagen thread group and non‐absorbable nylon thread group. The general data, scar appearance and local symptoms of the two groups were analysed, and the scar appearance was scored by scar beauty rating scale and non‐inferiority test was analysed statistically. Results: A total of 632 children with facial trauma were included in this study, including 458 patients with absorbable collagen thread and 174 patients with non‐absorbable nylon thread. The SCAR score of the absorbable collagen thread group (3.03 ± 1.57) was similar to that of the non‐absorbable nylon thread group (2.98 ± 2.39) (95% confidence interval), and the final scar outcome score was not statistically different (P > 0.05). All families of the patients were satisfied with the results of the procedure, 95% very satisfied. Conclusion: The use of absorbable collagen thread and cosmetic suture technique to treat the wounds of children with facial emergency trauma, resulted in good wound healing, little scar expansion, low incidence of erythema and pigment abnormality, no obvious surgical trace, and no scar hypertrophy or atrophy. The overall impression was good, the pain of stitch removal was avoided for children's patients, and the satisfaction of family members was high. Cosmetic suture technique with absorbable sutures is worthy of clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The glandular fluid secreted by apocrine sweat glands is decomposed by parasitic bacteria on the skin surface and releases a bad smell called axillary osmidrosis. Objective: To evaluate the effect of power‐assisted rotary cutter with negative pressure suction through small incision for axillary osmidrosis. Methods: From January 2017 to January 2022, 647 patients with axillary osmidrosis underwent power‐assisted rotary cutter with negative pressure suction through small incision surgery to treat for axillary osmidrosis. The operation time (min), intraoperative bleeding (ml) and recovery time (days) were counted. Three months after operation, the amount of underarm sweat, the disappearance of underarm hair, the incidence of operation, the effective rate of operation, and the satisfaction of operation results were evaluated by questionnaire. Results: There were no postoperative complications except five cases of mild axillary pigmentation after 3 months. All patients evaluated good odor elimination. No patient was rated as average or poor. No recurrence. Conclusion: Power‐assisted rotary cutter with negative pressure suction through small incision is an effective and ideal surgical method to reduce the complications and recurrence of axillary osmidrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Group III‐nitrides with doping recently attract great interest because of their outstanding ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. Herein, the spontaneous polarization and piezoelectricity of the wurtzite III‐nitrides (AN, A = Al, Ga, In) with the rare earth element (R = Sc, Y) doping (w‐R0.5A0.5N) are investigated by first‐principles calculations. The polar w‐R0.5A0.5N and nonpolar h‐R0.5A0.5N are stable, which is proved by the elastic constants and phonon band structures. The w‐Sc0.5In0.5N and w‐Y0.5In0.5N can be applied to the ferroelectric field owing to their very small ferroelectric switching barriers (0.149 eV for w‐Sc0.5In0.5N and 0.042 eV for w‐Y0.5In0.5N) with large ferroelectric polarization (1.088 C m−2 for w‐Sc0.5In0.5N and 0.937 C m−2 for w‐Y0.5In0.5N). Furthermore, the w‐Y0.5In0.5N has a large piezoelectric strain constant d33 (14.018 pC N−1) based on the elastic constant C33 softening and the increase of the piezoelectric constant e33, which is three times larger than that of w‐InN (4.191 pC N−1). It is found that the biaxial tensile strain of 2% along in‐place significantly enhances the d33 and e33, which increase to 35.572 pC N−1 and 2.669 C m−2 from 14.018 pC N−1 and 1.700 C m−2 of free w‐Y0.5In0.5N, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Melanoma is an aggressive disease that is rising in incidence. Advanced melanoma is still a life‐threatening disease. CircRNAs are documented to be involved in melanoma progression. But circITCH role in melanoma remains unclear. Methods and Results: To explore the functions of circITCH in melanoma, levels of circITCH in melanoma tissues and paracarcinoma normal tissues were detected. To study the roles of circITCH in melanoma in terms of cell proliferation and migration, in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed. Mechanism study was designed to investigate the potential regulatory effect of circITCH in melanoma. Results revealed that circITCH expression was repressed in melanoma versus adjacent normal tissues. Function study showed that circITCH suppressed melanoma cell proliferation and metastasis. The mechanism study showed that circITCH‐sponged miR‐660 to upregulate TFCP2 and suppress melanoma progression. Conclusions: The circITCH/miR‐660/TFCP2 axis is involved in melanoma progression hence circITCH can be a diagnostic biomarker as well as a target for treating melanoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The immiscible bimetallic composites play an important role in civilian industries and aerospace fields owing to their integrated mechanical and physical properties. However, metallic composites of immiscible constituents suffer from one critical drawback of weak interface bonding, which makes the composites particularly vulnerable at elevated service temperatures. Here we proposed a novel strategy to resolve the challenge by creating low-energy phase interfaces in a typical immiscible bimetallic W–Cu composite. This was achieved by in-situ reactions of WO 3 and CuO with WC, which acts in a dual function as the reducing agent for the reactions and an interface forming agent. The sintered W-WC-Cu composite possessed a significant number of low-energy WC/W and WC/Cu interfaces and exhibited a compressive strength of 609 MPa and a compressive ductility of 22.6 % at 600 °C, which ranks among the highest in similar composites. The characteristics of WC/W and WC/Cu interfaces and their effects on the mechanical behavior of the composite were demonstrated by the timely and atomic-resolved high-temperature mechanical investigations. The introduced stable interfaces were also found to induce [ 1 ‾ 11] BCC → [011] FCC phase transformation of W as another mechanism of plastic deformation in addition to dislocation activities in W and Cu. This study provides a new approach to greatly enhance the mechanical properties of the immiscible metallic composites. [Display omitted] • Constructing low-energy and stable interfaces strategy for immiscible bimetal composites. • Superior strength-ductility synergy for the interfacial design of W-WC-Cu composite. • Inserted specific interfaces can induce an allotropic transformation as an additional plastic deformation mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

WAAM-LDM hybrid additive manufacturing can achieve high efficiency and high precision preparation of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. However, the inhomogeneous microstructure of WAAM-LDMed Ti-6Al-4V samples results in overall poor tensile properties. Therefore, this paper attempts to ameliorate the inhomogeneous microstructure of the hybrid sample by STA, and simultaneously improve the strength and plasticity. The results showed that the WAAM zone and HAZ were composed of α colonies, the RZ and LDM zone were distributed with fine basketweave structure of the AD samples. With the introduction of STA, the microstructure of each zone of the hybrid sample changes and transformed into a 'dual-phase' structure with bi-modal α p and β t. With the increase of aging temperature, the volume fraction of β t increased and the volume fraction of α p phase decreased, accompanied by the formation of bulk α phase and the coarsening of α s phase. It is worth noting that the strength of WAAM zone was obviously improved by STA, and the fracture positions of the STA samples were randomly distributed in the WAAM and LDM zones. Additionally, with the aging temperature increased, the strength of WAAM-LDMed samples was weakened, and the ductility was improved because the coarsened bulk α played a role of coordinating deformation in the tensile process. The excellent strength and ductility (UTS = 976 MPa, YS = 876 MPa, EL = 13.57%) of WAAM-LDMed samples was achieved at aging temperature 750 °C, compared with the AD samples (UTS = 860 MPa, YS = 767 MPa, EL = 12.5%). Finally, by optimizing the STA (940 °C/1 h/WQ + 750 °C/4 h/AC), the amelioration of the microstructure and the improvement of the strength-ductility of the hybrid samples were achieved. • The microstructure of WAAM-LDM sample is homogenized into α p + β t by STA. • STA treatment makes the strength of WAAM zone comparable to that of LDM zone. • The WAAM-LDM sample prepared by STA obtain excellent strength and ductility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hospitals in Canada are facing a crisis-level shortage of critical supplies and equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic. This motivates us to create predictive models that can use Canada COVID-19 data and pandemic-related factors to accurately forecast 5 quantities—three related to hospital resource utilization (i.e., the number of hospital beds, ICU beds, and ventilators that will be needed by COVID-19 patients) and two to the pandemic progress (i.e., the number of COVID-19 cases and COVID-19 deaths)—several weeks in advance. We developed a machine learning method that can use information (i.e., resource utilization, pandemic progress, population mobility, weather condition, and public policy) currently known about a region since March 2020, to learn multiple temporal convolutional network (TCN) models every week; each used for forecasting the weekly average of one of these 5 quantities in Canada (respectively, in six specific provinces) for each, in the next 1 (resp., 2,3,4) weeks. To validate the effectiveness of our method, we compared our method, versus other standard models, on the COVID-19 data and hospital resource data, on the tasks of predicting the 116 values (for Canada and its six most populated provinces), every week from Oct 2020 to July 2021, and the 20 values (only for Canada) for four specific times within 9 July to 31 Dec 2021. Experimental results show that our 4640 TCN models (each forecasting a regional target for a specific future time, on a specific date) can produce accurate 1,2,3,4-week forecasts of the utilization of every hospital resource and pandemic progress for each week from 2 Oct 2020 to 2 July 2021, as well as 80 TCN models for each of the four specified times within 9 July and 31 Dec 2021. Compared to other baseline and state-of-the-art predictive models, our TCN models yielded the best forecasts, with the lowest mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). Additional experiments, on the IHME COVID-19 data, demonstrate the effectiveness of our TCN models, in comparison with IHME forecasts. Each of our TCN models used a pre-defined set of features; we experimentally validate the effectiveness of these features by showing that these models perform better than other models that instead used other features. Overall, these experimental results demonstrate that our method can accurately forecast hospital resource utilization and pandemic progress for Canada and for each of the six provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional end-to-end Neural Question Generation (NQG) models tend to generate generic and bland questions, as there are two obscure points: 1) the modifications of the answer in the context can be used as the clues to the answer mentioned in the question, while they are generally not unique and can be used independently for generating diverse questions; 2) the same question content can also be asked in diverse ways, which depends on personal preference in practice. The above-mentioned two points are indeed two variables to conduct question generation, but they are not annotated in the original dataset and are thus ignored by the traditional end-to-end models. In this paper we propose a framework that clarifies those two points through two sub-modules to better conduct question generation. We take experiments based on the GPT-2 model and the SQuAD dataset, and prove that our framework can improve the performance measured by similarity metrics, while it also provides appropriate alternatives for controllable diversity enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glioma is the most common and fatal primary brain tumor in humans. Myosin binding protein H (MYBPH), which was first identified as an important myofibrillar constituent of vertebrate skeletal and cardiac muscles, reduces cell motility and metastasis. However, its role in gliomas remains unclear. We evaluated the expression of MYBPH in glioma using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (http://gepia.cancer-pku.cn/) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (https://www.cgga.org.cn/). The results showed that MYBPH was highly expressed in glioma tissues. Moreover, MYBPH expression was significantly associated with high tumor aggressiveness and poor outcomes in glioma patients. Mechanistically, the results suggested that MYBPH might promote tumor progression by improving tumor invasion and migration. Our results establish MYBPH as an important prognostic biomarker that could be considered a potential epigenetic and immunotherapeutic target for treatment. We showed that MYBPH is a novel biomarker that is variably expressed in glioblastoma (GBM). The association of high MYBPH expression with poor prognosis in newly diagnosed GBM patients and increased expression in recurrent GBM is indicative of its role in tumor aggressiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data centers are fundamental facilities that support high-performance computing and large-scale data processing. To guarantee that a data center can provide excellent properties of expanding and routing, the interconnection network of a data center should be designed elaborately. Herein, we propose a novel structure for the interconnection network of data centers that can be expanded with a variable coefficient, also known as a variable expanding structure (VES). A VES is designed in a hierarchical manner and built iteratively. A VES can include hundreds of thousands and millions of servers with only a few layers. Meanwhile, a VES has an extremely short diameter, which implies better performance on routing between every pair of servers. Furthermore, we design an address space for the servers and switches in a VES. In addition, we propose a construction algorithm and routing algorithm associated with the address space. The results and analysis of simulations verify that the expanding rate of a VES depends on three factors: n, m, and k where the n is the number of ports on a switch, the m is the expanding speed and the k is the number of layers. However, the factor m yields the optimal effect. Hence, a VES can be designed with factor m to achieve the expected expanding rate and server scale based on the initial planning objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a serious malignant disease. Delayed diagnosis will cause anemia, increased intracranial pressure, organ failure, and even lead to death. The current main trend in this area is to use deep learning (DL) for disease diagnosis. Extracting classification information from the digital pathology images by DL may realize the automated qualitative and quantitative analysis of NHL. Previously, DL has been used to classify NHL digital pathology images with some success. However, shortcomings still exist in the data preprocessing methods and feature extraction. Therefore, this paper presents a method for the classification of NHL subtypes based on the fusion of transfer learning (TL) and principal component analysis (PCA). Methods: First, the NHL digital pathology images were preprocessed by image division and segmentation and then input into the transfer models for fine‐tuning and feature extraction. Second, PCA was used to map the extracted features. Finally, a neural network was used as a classifier to classify the mapped features. During the fine‐tuning of the transfer models, two methods, freezing all feature extraction layers and fine‐tuning all layers, were employed to select the optimal model with the best classification result among all the preselected transfer models. On this basis, the use of freezing the layers' location was discussed and analyzed. Results: The results show that the proposed method achieved average fivefold cross‐validation accuracies of 100%, 99.73%, and 99.20% for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), follicular lymphoma (FL), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) tumor, and each category has standard deviations 0.00, 0.53, and 0.65, respectively, in the NHL reference dataset. The overall classification accuracy for fivefold cross‐validation is 98.93%, which is an increase of 1.26% compared to the latest reported methods, having a lower standard deviation (1.00). Conclusion: The method proposed in this paper achieves a high classification accuracy and strong model generalization for the classification of NHL, which makes it possible to conduct intelligent classification of NHL in clinical practice. Our proposed method has definite clinical value and research significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clustering by fast search and find of density peak (CFSFDP) is a simple and crisp density-clustering algorithm. The original algorithm is not suitable for direct application to anomaly detection. Its clustering results have a high level of redundant density information. If used directly as behavior profiles, the computation and storage costs of anomaly detection are high. Therefore, an improved algorithm based on CFSFDP is proposed for anomaly detection. The improved algorithm uses a few data points and their radius to support behavior profiles, and deletes the redundant data points without supporting profiles. This method not only reduces the large amount of data storage and distance calculation in the process of generating profiles, but also reduces the search space of profiles in the detection process. Numerous experiments show that the improved algorithm generates profiles faster than density-based spatial clustering of application with noise (DBSCAN), and has better profile precision than adaptive real-time anomaly detection with incremental clustering (ADWICE). The improved algorithm inherits the arbitrary shape clusters of CFSFDP, and improves the storage and computation performance. Compared with DBSCAN and ADWICE, the improved anomaly-detection algorithm based on CFSFDP has more balanced detection precision and real-time performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Congenital cataract is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous visual impairment. The aim of this study was to identify causative mutations in five unrelated Chinese families diagnosed with congenital cataracts. Methods: Detailed family history and clinical data were collected, and ophthalmological examinations were performed using slit-lamp photography. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of all available members. Thirty-eight genes associated with cataract were captured and sequenced in 5 typical nonsyndromic congenital cataract probands by targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS), and the results were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict the functional effect of mutant genes. Results: Results from the DNA sequencing revealed five potential causative mutations: c.154 T > C(p.F52 L) in GJA8 of Family 1, c.1152_1153insG(p.S385Efs*83) in GJA3 of Family 2, c.1804 G > C(p.G602R) in BFSP1 of Family 3, c.1532C > T(p.T511 M) in EPHA2 of Family 4 and c.356G > A(p.R119H) in HSF4 of Family 5. These mutations co-segregated with all affected individuals in the families and were not found in unaffected family members nor in 50 controls. Bioinformatics analysis from several prediction tools supported the possible pathogenicity of these mutations. Conclusions: In this study, we identified five novel mutations (c.154 T > C in GJA8, c.1152_1153insG in GJA3, c.1804G > C in BFSP1, c.1532C > T in EPHA2, c.356G > A in HSF4) in five Chinese families with hereditary cataracts, respectively. NGS can be used as an effective tool for molecular diagnosis of genetically heterogeneous disorders such as congenital cataract, and the results can provide more effective clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling for the five families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) yields a high rate of failures such as hospital readmission and death in the United States, Canada and worldwide. COPD failure imposes a significant social and economic burden on society, and predicting such failure is crucial to early intervention and decision-making, making this a very important research issue. Current analysis methods address all risk factors in medical records indiscriminately and therefore generally suffer from ineffectiveness in real applications, mainly because many of these factors relate weakly to prediction. Numerous studies have been done on selecting factors for survival analysis, but their inherent shortcomings render these methods inapplicable for failure prediction in the context of unknown and intricate correlation patterns among risk factors. These difficulties have prompted us to design a new Cox-based learning machine that embeds the feature weighting technique into failure prediction. In order to improve predictive accuracy, we propose two weighting criteria to maximize the area under the ROC curve (AUC) and the concordance index (C-index), respectively. At the same time, we perform a Dirichlet-based regularization on weights, making differences between factor relevance clearly visible while maintaining the model's high predictive ability. The experimental results on real-life COPD data collected from patients hospitalized at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS) demonstrate the effectiveness of our learning machine and its great promise in clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract An ionic wind pump is an energy-saving device that can produce a volume flow when electrodes are applied with high voltage. Compared to the traditional methods, ionic wind pumps possess the advantages of low energy consumption, no moving parts, compact structure and flexible design. In this study, a large-size ionic wind pump, consisting of many single regular hexagonal needle-ring ionic wind generators, was developed as the preliminary model. However, its experimental performance was not as good as our expectations. In order to improve this preliminary model, a simulation method was used to investigate the configuration factors of the single ionic wind pump. In the optimized model, mesh gap is 6 mm, eccentricity is 0.26, section area is 238.44 mm2 and needle electrode number is 3. In subsequent experiments, the final optimized large-size ionic wind pump showed a great promotion in velocity, and the maximum average velocity of the optimized pump was higher than the preliminary model by 13.3%. Our numerical simulation and experiment results have practical significance in designing ionic wind pumps. Highlights • A 3D numerical model is established for large size ionic wind pump. • Influences of multi-parameter on the performance of ionic wind pump are investigated by numerical and experimental method. • Optimized large-size ionic wind pump showed a great promotion in velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic studies revealed a crucial role of Distal-homebox (Dlx) genes in skeletal development, and our previous study demonstrated overexpressing Dlx2 in neural crest cells led to abnormal cartilage structure, including ectopic cartilage in the maxillary region and nasal bone in mice. The aim of this study was to investigate how Dlx2 overexpression affects chondrogenesis in mouse chondroblast cell line TMC23 and the underlying mechanism. We first demonstrated that Dlx2 expression was upregulated during chondrogenesis in TMC23 cells. Moreover, forced overexpression of Dlx2 in TMC23 cells led to increased accumulation of aggrecan and type II collagen, markers of early chondrocyte differentiation, but had little effect on mRNA and protein levels of Aggrecan and Col2α1 , type II collagen gene. Importantly, Dlx2 overexpression decreased mRNA and protein levels of MMP13 , a major collagenase degrading aggrecan and type II collagen during late stages of chondrogenesis. Luciferase-reporter and Chromatin-immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that MMP13 promoter contained two Dlx2-response elements, and Dlx2 inhibited MMP13 expression by directly binding to these two elements. Based on these observations, we propose that forced overexpression of Dlx2 enhances early chondrocyte differentiation by increasing accumulation of type II collagen and aggrecan, but interferes later stages of chondrocyte differentiation through inhibiting MMP13 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a 3-D model of an electrostatic fluid accelerator was simulated using the finite element method (as implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics). To investigate the heat transfer performance of the accelerator, the impinging flow of the accelerator was used to cool down a heating round plate. The heat transfer coefficient and temperature distribution of the plate were numerically investigated with respect to the heat flux and radius of the round plate, and a comparison was made between the impinging flow of the accelerator and a uniform jet flow. To explore this in greater depth, a non-uniform heat flux was applied on the round plate to study the cooling effect of the accelerator on the surface with a hot spot. The effects of the hot spot heat flux and the hot spot size were then investigated. This study provides a reference for the practical cooling process of commercial chips, with and without hot spots, by adopting electrostatic fluid accelerators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lowest-energy structures and low-lying isomers of double impurity atoms, Ga and Mn, doped Li ( n = 1-12) clusters have been systematically investigated using density functional theory. The trimetallic clusters show larger relative binding energies compared with the bare Li partners, indicating doping with Ga and Mn atoms could enhance the stabilities of Li clusters. The HOMO-LUMO gaps, the vertical ionization potentials and the vertical electron affinities have also been analyzed and compared with the pure lithium clusters. The magnetism calculations demonstrate that the magnetic moments of GaMnLi clusters show a tunable magnetic properties with the increasing number of Li atoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interleukin-33 (IL-33) has shown diagnostic and prognostic values in multiple human cancers. However, there is little knowledge on the role of IL-33 in human gliomas and its association with disease prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the value of IL-33 in the prognosis of glioma patients. The expression of IL-33 was determined and compared in surgical specimens from 86 glioma patients and 16 normal brain tissues. The associations of IL-33 expression with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of glioma patients were assessed. qRT-PCR assay showed higherIL-33 mRNAexpression in glioma tissues than in normal brain tissue ( p< 0.001), and significantly higherIL-33 mRNAexpression was detected in both low- and high-grade glioma tissues relative to normal brain tissues ( p< 0.001). Western blotting revealed elevated IL-33 protein levels in glioma tissues compared to those in normal brain tissues, and immunohistochemical staining showed higher IL-33 protein expression in glioma tissues than in normal brain tissues. IL-33 expression correlated with the glioma grade ( p< 0.001) and Karnofsky performance status score ( p= 0.024), and the glioma patients with high IL-33 expression had a shorter progression-free survival ( p< 0.001) and overall survival ( p< 0.001) than those with low IL-33 expression. The univariate and multivariate analyses showed that IL-33 overexpression and the glioma grade were independent factors of a poor prognosis in glioma patients. Therefore, IL-33 may be a promising biomarker for the detection of gliomas, and IL-33 expression is useful for predicting the prognosis of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The double-sided structural color of Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 NPs under external electric field was found. Corresponding colloidal suspension of Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 showed a highly adjustable structure color change on both sides of the display cell with the applying of electric fields. As the applied voltage increased, the color changed from red to green then to blue at positive plate, at the same time, the color changed from red to gray then to red at the negative plate. Under a certain electric field, the reflection peak move backwards within a particular range of wavelength. It may be caused by the emergence of another repulsive force-“solvation force” at small interparticle distances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bromhidrosis, also known as body odor, is a common disease in life, which often occurs in young adults. The histological basis of bromhidrosis is the hyperplasia of apocrine sweat glands. Objective: To compare the effects of different methods of endoscopy in microdynamic axillary osmidrosis removal on curative effect, complications, and surgical efficiency. Methods: A total of 149 patients with axillary osmidrosis were treated in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2021. They were treated with endoscopic assistance in the whole process of operation (Group A) and endoscope‐assisted exploration after blind rotary cutter suction (Group B), respectively, and the curative effect, complication rate, and surgical efficiency were evaluated. Results: There was no significant difference in the curative effect and complication rate between the two groups, but the endoscope‐assisted exploration group after suction with rotary cutter (Group B) had higher surgical efficiency. Conclusion: On the basis of professional use of rotary cutter, it is efficient to choose endoscope to check the excision of sweat gland in the operation area and stop bleeding in time after blind suction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting a parallel code from scratch is not a good choice for parallel programming finite element analysis of elasticity problems because we cannot make full use of our existing serial code and the programming work is painful for developers. PETSc provides libraries for various numerical methods that can give us more flexibility in migrating our serial application code to a parallel implementation. We present the approach to parallelize the existing finite element code within the PETSc framework. Our approach permits users to easily implement the formation and solution of linear system arising from finite element discretization of elasticity problem. The main PETSc subroutines are given for the main parallelization step and the corresponding code fragments are listed. Cantilever examples are used to validate the code and test the performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chirality,also called handedness, plays a crucial role in functionranging from biological self-assembly schemes, organic polymer functionalities,to optical material designs. In this Article, we demonstrated a first-principlesinvestigation of chirality in magnetic AlMnAun0/–1(n= 1–7)clusters. Optimized structures of the AlMnAunclusters exhibit configurational combinations between AlAun햩 MnAun헉溲힫, indicating a subtle but equal competition between Au–Aland Au–Mn interactions in the alloy clusters. High magneticmoments are equal to or greater than 4μBin AlMnAunclusters due to the presence of the Mn dopant.Chirality turns up with the forms of right-handed and left-handedin stable AlMnAu5, AlMnAu6, and AlMnAu7clusters. As a result, reflection symmetries are found in vibrationalRaman and circular dichroism spectra of these chiral pairs. The presentstudy shows that chiral magnetic clusters can be composed by dopingtwo heteroatoms with one intrinsic magnetic dopant into small goldclusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wedemonstrated a first-principles investigation to search for magneticsuperatoms in the vanadium-doped lithium clusters VLin(n= 1–13). The stabilitiesof VLinclusters were determined throughgeometrical and electronic optimizations. It is found that the growthpattern of VLinin 3-space follows addinga Li atom capped on VLin–1clusters.All doped clusters show larger relative binding energies comparedwith pure Lin+1partners and display tunablemagnetic properties. When n= 8–13, the VLinclusters adopt a cage-like structure withan endohedral V atom and are identified as superatoms with their magneticmoments successively decreasing from 5 to 0 μB. Theisolated VLi8superatom is emphasized due to its robustmagnetic moment as well as high structural and chemical stabilityanalogue of a single Mn2+ion. Molecular orbitals analysisshows that VLi8has an electronic configuration of 1S21P61D5, exhibiting Hund’s fillingrule of maximizing the spin-like atoms. Electronic shell structuresof 1S2and 1P6are virtually unchanged in Li9cluster as the V atom substitutes for the embedded Li atom,indicating that the electron-shell-closing model is valid for explainingits structures and stabilities. The results show that the tailoredmagnetic building blocks for nanomaterials can be formed by seedingmagnetic dopants into alkali metal cluster cages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A critical limiting factor of chemotherapy is the unacceptably high toxicity. The use of nanoparticle based drug carriers has significantly reduced the side effects and facilitated the delivery of drugs. Source of the remaining side effect includes (1) the broad final in vivo distribution of the administrated nanoparticles, and (2) strong basal drug release from nanoparticles before they could reach the tumor. Despite the advances in pH-triggered release, undesirable basal drug release has been a constant challenge under in vivo conditions. In this study, functionalized single walled carbon nanohorn supported immunoliposomes were assembled for paclitaxel delivery. The immunoliposomes were formulated with polyethylene glycol, thermal stable and pH sensitive phospholipids. Each nanohorn was found to be encapsulated within one immunoliposome. Results showed a highly pH dependent release of paclitaxel in the presence of serum at body temperature with minimal basal release under physiological conditions. Upon acidification, paclitaxel was released at a steady rate over 30 days with a cumulative release of 90% of the loaded drug. The drug release results proved our hypothesized double controlled release mechanism from the nanoparticles. Other results showed the nanoparticles have doubled loading capacity compared to that of traditional liposomes and higher affinity to breast cancer cells overexpressing Her2 receptors. Internalized nanoparticles were found in lysosomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Currently, the explosive increasing of data stimulates a greater demand for text categorization. The existing prototype-based classifiers, including k-NN, kNNModel and Centroid classifier, are receiving wide interest from the text mining community because of their simplicity and efficiency. However, they usually perform less effectively on document data sets due to high dimensionality and complex class structures these sets involve. In most cases a single document category actually contains multiple subtopics, indicating that the documents in the same class may comprise multiple subclasses, each associated with its individual term subspace. In this paper, a novel projected-prototype based classifier is proposed for text categorization, in which a document category is represented by a set of prototypes, each assembling a representative for the documents in a subclass and its corresponding term subspace. In the classifier’s training process, the number of prototypes and the prototypes themselves are learned using a newly developed feature-weighting algorithm, in order to ensure that the documents belonging to different subclasses are separated as much as possible when projected onto their own subspaces. Then, in the testing process, each test document is classified in terms of its weighted distances from the different prototypes. Experimental results on the Reuters-21578 and 20-Newsgroups corpora show that the proposed classifier based on the multi-representative-dependent projection method can achieve higher classification accuracy at a lower computational cost than the conventional prototype-based classifiers, especially for data sets that include overlapping document categories. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: NiAl–9Mo (at%) eutectic alloy was produced by a Bridgman type crystal growing facility with Zone Melting Liquid Metal Cooling technique at the growth rate range from 60 to 200μm/s. The variation of rod eutectic spacing with growth rates was characterized. Statistical distributions of spacings at each growth rate were also determined. It was confirmed that the relationship between growth rate V and rod spacing λ follows the Jackson and Hunt equation under high growth rates and can be obtained as λ 2 V=33.94μm3/s. In addition, a narrow distribution curve of the rod spacing was obtained for a given growth rate. And the width of the distribution decreases as the growth rate increases. It is probable that the capillarity effect, the high value of entropy of fusion constituent phase NiAl and the convection effect are responsible for the existence of the narrow band of the rod spacing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This study presents a comprehensive system-level analysis model for evaluating performance characteristics of a hundred-kilowatt proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) test system. Unlike conventional power-focused systems, the test system has a more complex architecture and numerous balance of plants (BOPs). The developed model integrates detailed input-output traits of each system component. The energy efficiency ratio (EER) and energy conversion efficiency (η) are introduced as metrics for assessing net power consumption and conversion capability of the test system. By simulating various operational scenarios (considering temperature, load current, cathode pressure, humidity, and PEMFC power), the model predicts the behaviors of BOPs and energy flow relations. The changing rules of the EER and η are also investigated. An increase in temperature, current, and cathode pressure leads to an improvement in EER. Increasing operating temperature, cathode pressure, and humidity can enhance η. Key findings suggest optimal conditions for system self-sufficiency include an operating temperature below 90 °C, load current over 1200 mA cm−2, and air humidity under 90%. Furthermore, the PEMFC power is advisable to configure between 50% and 100% of the test system's maximum power. These insights are pivotal for improving the design and functionality of PEMFC testing equipment, further contributing significant advancements to fuel cell technology. • A system-level analysis model for a hundred-kilowatt PEMFC test system is developed. • The system model contributes to predict operating and energy flow parameters. • Two system indicators are proposed to assess the test system operating performance. • The necessary conditions for the test system to achieve self-sufficiency is determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A theoretical model for studying the temperature properties of singlemode-multimode-singlemode (SMS) fiber structure fabricated by absorptive multimode fiber (MMF) cladding is established. Moreover, an SMS-based temperature sensor is fabricated and experimentally demonstrated. Experimental results show that the dip wavelength of the transmission spectrum changes linearly with temperature, which is in good agreement with the simulated results obtained by using the model. Further, a comprehensive study of temperature characteristics affected by the thermo-optic effect, thermal expansion effect, and thermal effect of absorption characteristics is performed for SMS fiber optic structures with different refractive indexes, thermo-optic coefficients, and absorption properties of MMF cladding, MMF core diameters, and thermal expansion coefficients of packaging shell. According to the obtained rules, investigations are carried out into the thermal response of an SMS fiber structure resulting from combined thermal effects for temperature performance optimization. Excellent temperature stability with a temperature sensitivity of 0 pm/°C or good temperature sensitivity of −441.58 pm/°C is achieved accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cancer, a deadly disease seems to be a major concern for the global medical field. Controlling the spread of disease is not only a problem for under developed countries but also the developed countries face a lot of concern in diagnosing and treating cancer. Among various cancer types lung cancer mortality incidence seems to be a global threat. Surgery and Chemoradiation therapies are mostly prescribe for lung cancer patients which renders post treatment side effects. Hence, treating cancer with alternative medicine tends to be a choice at present. Materials and Methods: In this study, we induced lung cancer in healthy Swiss albino mice by treating with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene. The treatment was carried out for a period of 18 weeks; both pre supplementation and post supplementation of prunetin was administered to the mice. Results: The changes in hematological and immunological parameters induced by prunetin in lung cancer induced mice were assessed. Oxidative stress in white blood cells which plays a key role in lung cancer induction was analyzed. The therapeutic of efficacy of prunetin was evaluated by estimating the levels of metabolizing enzymes in cancer induced mice. The anticancer effect of prunetin was assessed by estimating the tumor marker CEA and anti-inflammatory markers. It was further confirmed with histopathological analysis of lung tissue. Our results had proven that prunetin significantly increased the white blood cell count, phagocytic, and activity index in lung cancer induced mice. It also decreased the levels of immunoglobulins and oxidative stress in white blood cells. Prunetin treatment decreased the levels of metabolizing enzymes, tumor marker CEA, and proinflammatory markers in cancer induced mice which proven the anticancer efficacy of prunetin. It was further confirmed with histopathological analysis of lung tissue. Conclusion: Over all our results authentically confirms prunetin is a potent anticancer drug to treat lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper describes a convenient route to activate elemental selenium that is suitable to be used in the synthesis of metal selenide nanocrystals through a solvothermal method. Elemental selenium is reduced to highly activated Se2− by NaBH4 in ethylenediamine under solvothermal conditions. To demonstrate the reactivity of the resulting selenization reagent, CuInSe2 (CIS) nanocrystals are synthesized with significantly promoted reaction kinetics through a solvothermal process, compared with reactions using normal elemental selenium. The promoted reaction rate associated with the activated selenium can be attributed to the homogeneous reaction between Se2− and metal ions and higher activity of Se2− than Se(0). The CIS nanocrystals synthesized with activated Se show single phase constituent, homogeneous particle size and morphology, and reliable photoelectric properties, which are suitable for photovoltaic applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Multiple needles-to-ring ionic wind devices are designed for cooling electronic components. • A full 3D multi-physical numerical method is proposed for multi-needle-induced ionic wind. • Mutual interference of the electric fields between the emitting needles are found and analyzed. • Coupled effects of electric field, flow, and heat transfer for two electrode layouts are analyzed. • Effects of electrode configurations on the cooling performance of the device are investigated. • Optimized ionic wind devices are obtained to ensure electronic components work safely. High temperature during electronic components operation can cause the failure of PN junctions of chips, and it can even damage the entire component. Ionic wind is a promising technique for heat dissipation due to its noiseless, compact structure and flexible design. In this study, needle-ring-type ionic wind devices with multi-needle electrodes connected in parallel are developed for cooling an electronic component. The effects of the number of needles, needle electrode material (tungsten and stainless steel), inter-electrode distance on the device output velocity and cooling performance are experimentally studied for a cylindrical heat sink mounted with a heating film. A full three-dimensional multi-physical numerical method, in which the coupled effects of the electric field, air flow, and heat transfer are considered, is also established. Mutual interference of the electric fields is identified between needle electrodes. The ionic wind velocity is determined by electric field strength and the angle between the ring axis and the line that connects the needle tip and the upper edge of the ring. The wind velocity first decreases and then increases with continuously increasing inter-electrode distance. Although the electrode material has an obvious effect on the ionic wind velocity of the free flow state, the heating film surface temperature is not sensitive to the needle material, whereas it is sensitive to the inter-electrode distance and the number of needles. The output wind velocity of the four-needle layout is larger than that of the three-needle layout despite backflow inside the ring. The heating film surface temperature is below 55 °C for the two designed electrode layouts, which is lower than the safety temperature of 70 °C. This study can serve as a guideline for developing multi-electrode ionic wind cooling systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focused on the buckling of corroded spherical shells with wall-thickness reduction in local regions under a uniform external pressure. For spherical shells whose wall thickness was reduced owing to local corrosion on the outer surface, the effects of the shape, area, depth, and location of the reduction on the buckling properties were evaluated to identify the most dangerous case. Accordingly, the load-carrying capacity of corroded spherical shells with local reduction was predicted. Moreover, by verifying the five buckling prediction formulas of the spherical shells, reasonable prediction formulas for the compressive capacity of the spherical shells under the condition of corrosion defects were obtained. Four scale models were fabricated using resin material for testing. The geometric shape and wall thickness of each spherical shell model were measured and compared with those of the ideal model. Then, the buckling load and ultimate collapse mode were determined through a hydrostatic test. The experimental and numerical analysis results were compared to verify the numerical analysis. • Proposed a formula for predicting the compressive load of a corroded spherical shell. • The effects of the shape, area, depth and location of corrosion thinned on the buckling of the opening spherical shell was discussed. • Taking thickness as local corrosion defects, the nonlinear buckling of the opening spherical shells was discussed. • The numerical results of thinned spherical shells agree well with experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green leafy vegetables are an essential component of Chinese leafy vegetables. Due to their crisp stems and tender leaves, orderly harvester generally causes significant mechanical clamping damage. The physical and mechanical properties of green leafy vegetables are one of the important basis to design the orderly harvester. At the same time, they provide important parameters for the simulation and optimization of harvester. So, this paper measured the physical characteristic parameters of roots and stems of green leafy vegetables. Then, based on the TMS-Pro texture analyzer, the elasticity modulus of the roots and stems of green leafy vegetables were measured. The static friction coefficient, dynamic friction coefficient, and restitution coefficient of green leafy vegetables root-root, stem-stem, root-steel, and stem-steel were measured separately using a combination method of inclined plane and high-speed photography. Uniaxial compression creep experiments were carried out on whole and single leaf of green leafy vegetables using the TA.XT plus C universal testing machine. The constitutive equation of the four-element Burgers model was used to fit the deformation curve of the sample with time during the constant-pressure loading stage. The fitting determination coefficients R2 were all higher than 0.996, which verified the reasonable validity of the selected model. The above experimental results provide a parameter basis and theoretical support for the design and discrete element simulation optimization of orderly harvester critical components of green leafy vegetables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coccidiosis is one of the most frequently reported diseases in chickens, causing a significant economic impact on the poultry industry. However, there have been no previous studies evaluating the prevalence of this disease in broiler farms in Guangdong province. Therefore, this study aims to conduct an epidemiological investigation into the occurrence of Eimeria species and associated risk factors in intensive management conditions across four regions in Guangdong province, China. A total of 394 fecal samples were collected from 89 broiler farms in Guangdong province. The prevalence of Eimeria species infection was determined using PCR, and the occurrence of Clostridium perfringens type A was assessed using quantitative real-time PCR. Results: The results showed an overall prevalence of 98.88% (88/89) at the farm level and 87.06% (343/394) at the flock level. All seven Eimeria species were identified, with E. acervulina (72.53%; 64/89), E. tenella (68.54%; 61/89), and E. mitis (66.29%; 59/89) at the farm level, and E. acervulina (36.55%; 144/394), E. mitis (35.28%; 139/394), and E. tenella (34.01%; 134/394) at the flock level. The predominant species combination observed was a co-infection of all seven Eimeria species (6.74%; 6/89), followed by a combination of E. acervulina, E. tenella, E. mitis, E. necatrix, E. brunetti, and E. maxima (5.62%, 5/89). A combination of E. acervulina, E. tenella, E. mitis, E. necatrix, E. brunetti, and E. praecox (4.49%; 4/89) was also observed at the farm level. Furthermore, the study identified several potential risk factors associated with the prevalence of Eimeria species, including farm location, chicken age, drinking water source, control strategy, and the presence of C. perfringens type A were identified as potential risk factors associated with prevalence of Eimeria species. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed a significant association between E. necatrix infection and both grower chickens (OR = 10.86; 95% CI: 1.92–61.36; p < 0.05) and adult chickens (OR = 24.97; 95% CI: 4.29–145.15; p < 0.001) compared to starter chickens at the farm level. Additionally, farms that used groundwater (OR = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.08–0.94; p < 0.05) were less likely to have E. maxima compared to those that used running water. At the flock level, the prevalence of E. tenella was significantly higher in the Pearl River Delta (OR = 2.48; 95% CI: 1.0–6.15; p = 0.05) compared to eastern Guangdong. Interestingly, flocks with indigenous birds were less likely to have E. brunetti (OR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.26–0.89; p < 0.05) compared to flocks with indigenous crossbred birds. Furthermore, flocks that used anticoccidial drugs (OR = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.03–0.31; p < 0.001) or a combination of vaccines and anticoccidial drugs (OR = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.01–0.25; p < 0.001) were less likely to be positive for E. tenella compared to flocks that only used vaccines. Finally, flocks with C. perfringens type A infection were significantly more likely to have E. necatrix (OR = 3.26; 95% CI: 1.96–5.43; p < 0.001), E. tenella (OR = 2.14; 95% CI: 1.36–3.36; p < 0.001), E. brunetti (OR = 2.48; 95% CI: 1.45–4.23; p < 0.001), and E. acervulina (OR = 2.62; 95% CI: 1.69–4.06; p < 0.001) compared to flocks without C. perfringens type A. Conclusions: This study conducted an investigation on the prevalence, distribution, and risk factors associated with Eimeria species infection in broiler chickens in Guangdong. The farm-level prevalence of Eimeria species was higher than the previous prevalence figures for other areas and countries. E. brunetti was identified at higher prevalence in Guangdong than previously survived prevalence in different regions in China. Farm location, chicken age, drinking water source, control strategy, and the presence of C. perfringens type A were considered as potential risk factors associated with prevalence of Eimeria species. It is imperative to underscore the necessity for further surveys to delve deeper into the occurrence of Eimeria species under intensive management conditions for different flock purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review discusses the utilization of metal halide perovskite (MHP) materials in X‐ray direct imaging detectors for medical application. Compared to traditional semiconductors, MHP has multiple advantages including high linear attenuation coefficient, low exciton binding energy, long carrier diffusion length, and high carrier mobility. These ascendancies allow for low‐dose and high‐resolution medical imaging. Apartment from a historical overview of the develop‐X‐ray direct imaging detectors and their performance indicators, this review specifically focuses on the development and innovation of X‐ray direct imaging detectors using MHP materials. The article concludes by identifying existing challenges and discussing the potential application of perovskite X‐ray direct imaging detectors in the medical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a sentiment analysis framework based on ranking learning. The framework utilizes BERT model pre-trained on large-scale corpora to extract text features and has two sub-networks for different sentiment analysis tasks. The first sub-network of the framework consists of multiple fully connected layers and intermediate rectified linear units. The main purpose of this sub-network is to learn the presence or absence of various emotions using the extracted text information, and the supervision signal comes from the cross entropy loss function. The other sub-network is a ListNet. Its main purpose is to learn a distribution that approximates the real distribution of different emotions using the correlation between them. Afterwards the predicted distribution can be used to sort the importance of emotions. The two sub-networks of the framework are trained together and can contribute to each other to avoid the deviation from a single network. The framework proposed in this paper has been tested on multiple datasets and the results have shown the proposed framework's potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vemurafenib is a selective BRAF inhibitor with significant early effects in melanoma, but resistance will develop with the duration of treatment. Therefore, overcoming vemurafenib resistance can effectively improve the survival rate of melanoma. The transcriptional activity of TCF4 is necessary to maintain the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. However, the effect of TCF4 on melanoma sensitivity to vemurafenib and the underlying mechanism is unclear. Methods: Vemurafenib-resistant A375 (A375/Vem) and SK-Mel-28 (SK-Mel-28/Vem) cells were constructed by administering increasing concentrations of vemurafenib, and the expression of TCF4 was examined in parent and vemurafenib-resistant cells. TCF4 loss-function cells models were established in A375/Vem and SK-Mel-28/Vem cells, respectively. Cell survival, clone formation, and cell apoptosis were assessed. The downstream target gene of TCF4 was verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Finally, the effect of TCF4 on melanoma cells glycolysis was investigated and were performed. Results: TCF4 expression was increased in vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cells, and knocking down TCF4 could promote the sensitivity of melanoma cells to vemurafenib. Mechanism investigation revealed that TCF4 could interact with GLUT3 and silencing TCF4 could inhibit GLUT3 expression. In addition, overexpression of GLUT3 reversed the growth and glycolysis of tumor cells that were inhibited by TCF4 knockdown. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that TCF4 downregulation sensitizes melanoma cells to vemurafenib through inhibiting GLUT3-mediated glycolysis. These findings support TCF4 as an oncogene and provide new mechanism by which TCF4 confers chemotherapy resistance in melanoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct CO 2 electroreduction of flue gas is a technology that simplifies CO 2 capture and purification process and directly utilizes CO 2 in flue gas. Low CO 2 reduction reaction selectivity caused by the low CO 2 partial pressure and side reactions competition is the challenge. In this study, a direct CO 2 electroreduction system for multicomponent flue gases was established. A two-dimensional steady model was developed by considering major electrode reactions of flue gas in Cu x O-based catalysts. General influence criteria and optimum operation window for the potential, temperature, and pressure were proposed. In addition, a techno-economic analysis of the flue gas electrolysis system was conducted. The results demonstrated that the CO 2 electroreduction reaction performances are weak at atmospheric pressure owing to the side reaction competition and small reactant concentration. A method involving pressurization and catholyte inlet temperature declination is proposed to break the stalemate of tiny reactant concentrations and ensure the dominance of the CO 2 electroreduction reaction. The selectivity and current density of the CO 2 reduction reaction were 71% and − 148 mA/cm2 at −1.17 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode potential (RHE), respectively, under the conditions of an inlet electrolyte temperature of 273 K and an operating pressure of 20 atm. C 1 products with excellent yields are the dominant products. Furthermore, the techno-economic analysis showed that the flue gas electrolysis system has higher profitability and lower cost than the purified CO 2 electrolysis system. The present results can be used to optimize the electrolyzer operating parameters and construct CO 2 reduction systems. • Direct CO 2 electroreduction system for multicomponent flue gas is established. • Performance and electrochemical conditions of flue gas electrolysis are analyzed. • Pressurization and temperature control are proposed to improve flue gas electrolysis. • Flue gas electrolysis is more economic and lucrative than purified CO 2 electrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the inherent gain amplification ability of field-effect transistors (FETs), weak biological signals can be amplified. The present study unveils a pH sensor based on a carbon nanotube (CNT)-FET, which exhibits remarkable environmental stability. Moreover, we have successfully validated the feasibility of utilizing this CNT FET device for pH sensing, showcasing a remarkable sensitivity of Vth at 82 mV pH−1 and 87 mV pH−1 for pH ranges of 1–7 and 7–13, respectively, an extensive pH range spanning from 1 to 13, as well as minimal hysteresis measuring at 0.726 mA with pH switching loops ranging from 4.85–9.12. This research not only realizes high-performance pH sensors, but also lays the foundation for the development of FET biosensors with excellent environmental stability. This is essential to ensure that FET biosensors function properly in complex systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying the day instar of silkworms is a fundamental task for precision rearing and behavioral analysis. This study proposes a new method for identifying the day instar of adult silkworms based on deep learning and computer vision. Images from the first day of instar 3 to the seventh day of instar 5 were photographed using a mobile phone, and a dataset containing 7, 000 images was constructed. An effective recognition network, called CSP-SENet, was proposed based on CSPNet, in which the hierarchical kernels were adopted to extract feature maps from different receptive fields, and an image attention mechanism (SENet) was added to learn more important information. Experiments showed that CSP-SENet achieved a recognition precision of 0.9743, a recall of 0.9743, a specificity of 0.9980, and an F1-score of 0.9742. Compared to state-of-the-art and related networks, CSP-SENet achieved better recognition performance with the advantage of computational complexity. The study can provide theoretical and technical references for future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The serious colored effluent pollution and high production costs generate new requirements of enhancing dye utilization and reducing energy consumption in reactive dyeing of cotton. A vacuum-dehydration aided pad-steam process with high dye utilization and energy efficiency potential to dye cotton fabric with reactive dye was preliminarily trialed on this purpose. The effects of steaming time, sodium carbonate amount and dye concentration on reactive dyeing were investigated. The color build-up property and rubbing fastness of dyed fabrics were also analyzed. The results show that the steaming time of 3 min and 30 g/L of sodium carbonate were appropriate for dyeing cotton fabric with 25 g/L of C. I. Reactive Black 5. The dye penetration into cotton fibers became poor with increasing dye concentration. Cotton fabrics dyed with the vacuum-dehydration aided pad-steam process had maximum 12% higher K/S value than the fabrics dyed with the conventional pad-steam process, meaning that fewer quantities of dyes could produce higher color strength, which is beneficial to the environmental protection, saving dyes and lowering costs. Rubbing fastness ratings of the dyed fabrics reached equal to or above 3 using the proposed dyeing process, which is suitable for the end use of the fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]