1. Tertiary lymphoid structures in breast ductal carcinoma in situ correlate with adverse pathological parameters.
- Author
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Zeng, Lixia, Koh, Valerie Cui Yun, Chen, Xiao‐Yang, and Tan, Puay Hoon
- Subjects
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TERTIARY structure , *CARCINOMA in situ , *BREAST , *DUCTAL carcinoma , *TUMOR-infiltrating immune cells , *BIOMARKERS - Abstract
Aims: To investigate tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast and their correlation with pathological features, immune cell markers and clinical outcomes. Methods and results: Morphological identification of TLSs in 198 DCIS cases incorporated B and T cell zones with high endothelial venules. TLS positivity was defined as ≥ 1 TLSs in lesional areas, while TLS area percentage was divided into two categories: low (TLSs < 5%) and high (TLSs ≥ 5%). Previously reported biomarkers included ER, PR, HER2, CD68, CD163, CD4, CD8 and PD‐L1. TLSs were observed in 24.7% (49 of 198) of cases, with a mean diameter of 0.44 mm (median = 0.4 mm, range = 0.12–1.43 mm). TLSs were significantly associated with higher nuclear grade, presence of necrosis, hormone receptor negativity/HER2 positivity, triple negativity, tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and immune related biomarkers such as FOXP3, CD163, CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio (all P < 0.05). There were no significant associations between TLSs and recurrence, but a combination of TLSshigh with FOXP3+, CD4high, CD4/CD8 ratiohigh and CD68high individually, compared with all other combinations, disclosed significantly poorer disease‐free survival (DFS) for ipsilateral invasive recurrence (IIR) on both Kaplan–Meier and multivariable Cox regression analyses (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: TLSs in DCIS were associated with unfavourable prognostic features, TILs and immune cell markers in our study. TLSshigh/FoxP3+, TLSshigh/CD4high, TLSshigh/(CD4/CD8) ratiohigh and TLSshigh/CD68high were independent factors for poorer DFS for IIR. Further exploration of the pathological significance of TLSs may provide a clinical basis for their recognition as an important structure and functional unit in the tumour immune microenvironment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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