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To date, the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) has been studied and observed only in the space and momentum domains. Direct observation of the PSHE in the wavelength domain remains unexplored. In this work, we demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally the enhanced PSHE in the wavelength domain via a helical long-period fiber grating (HLPG), where the spin-dependent dual-split in the transmission spectrum of the utilized HLPG has been observed. This is unlike the PSHEs reported thus far, where a mono-splitting of the light is observed in either the space or the momentum domains. The proposed method provides an additional degree of freedom to observe the PSHE, which paves the way for exploiting all fiber-based HLPGs in chiral photonics, chiral sensors, and fine precise measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon carbide powder, as a high-performance microwave-absorbing material, can be used for self-healing of microcracks in asphalt pavements, which is promising to lift the limitation of the application of microwave heating technology in road maintenance. The primary adhesive skeleton in asphalt mixtures, known as asphalt mastic, plays a crucial role in determining the overall properties of the mixtures. In this study, conventional limestone asphalt mastic and silicon carbide powder asphalt mastic with high microwave absorption capacity were designed and prepared using varying filler-bitumen ratio (FBR). The performance and properties of the filler were tested by XRD and SEM. The microwave heating test and DSR test were carried out on the fillers and asphalt mastics to study the microwave heating properties and rheological properties. Based on rheological properties, initial and optimal temperatures for self-healing are determined. The results show that the addition of silicon carbide powder had a significant increase in the initial self-healing temperature of asphalt mastic, but had little effect on the optimal self-healing temperature. Moreover, the difference in temperature to achieve the same rutting factor (1 or 10 kPa) is not significant. These indicate that it is feasible to consider silicon carbide powder as a filler in asphalt mixtures from the point of view of self-healing temperature. The exceptional microwave absorption capabilities of silicon carbide powder boost the microwave absorption of silicon carbide asphalt mastic, significantly reducing the time required to reach the necessary self-healing temperature. Overall, silicon carbide powder can be used in road engineering to enhance the microwave absorption properties of asphalt mixtures, which advances the application of microwave maintenance technology in road engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Lipidomics is an important tool for triaging exposed individuals, and helps early adoption of prevention and control strategies. The purpose of this study was to screen significantly perturbed lipids between pre- and post-irradiation of human plasma samples after total body irradiation (TBI) and explore potential radiation biomarkers for early radiation classification. Methods: Plasma samples were collected before and after irradiation from 22 hospitalized cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) prepared for bone marrow transplantation. Acute total-body γ irradiation was performed at doses of 0, 4, 8, and 12 Gy. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method was utilized. Self-paired studies before and after irradiation were performed to screen potential lipid categorization markers and markers of dose-response relationships for radiation perturbation in humans. Based on the screened potential markers, a human TBI dose estimation model was developed. Results: In total, 426 individual lipids from 14 major classes were quantified and 152 potential biomarkers with categorical characteristics were screened. A total of 80 lipids (32 TGs, 29 SMs, 9 FAs, 5 CEs, 5 PIs) were upregulated at 4 Gy, and a total of 91 lipids (39 SMs, 18 TGs, 15 HexCers, 7 CEs, 6 Cers, 3 LacCers, 2 LPEs, 1 PI) were upregulated at 12 Gy. Comparison of the ROC curves between the non-exposed and exposed groups at different doses showed AUC values ranging from 0.807 to 0.876. The metabolic pathways of potential lipid markers are mainly sphingolipid and glycerolipid metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid degradation and biosynthesis. Among the 13 dose-dependent radiosensitive lipids, CE (20:5), CE (18:1) and PI (18:2/18:2) were gradually incorporated into the TBI dose estimation model. Conclusion: This study suggested that it was feasible to acquire quantitative lipid biomarker panels using targeted lipidomics platforms for rapid, high-throughput triage. Lipidomics strategies for radiation biodosimetry in humans were established with lipid biomarkers with good dose-response relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of cast magnesium alloy components is increasing in recent years, especially in the new energy automotive and transportation industries. As component application scenarios become increasingly complex, the performance of cast magnesium alloys needs to be further enhanced. Significant progress has been made in casting technology and the design of cast magnesium alloys. In addition, some new application of cast magnesium alloy components is also developed recently. This paper provides an overview of the current status of high-performance cast magnesium alloys, including the alloy design, casting techniques, control of casting defects, and applications of cast magnesium alloys. Based on the issues and challenges identified here, some future research directions on cast magnesium alloys are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microvascular decompression (MVD) is an effective nondestructive neurosurgical procedure for trigeminal neuralgia (TN). However, some patients may undergo surgery failure or experience pain recurrence, sparking debates on the need for reoperation. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 103 cases of patients with primary TN who underwent redo MVD at our center between January 2020 and December 2022. Comparative prognostic assessments were performed by comparing these cases against a cohort of 348 patients who underwent primary MVD during the same study period. During the redo MVD cases, arachnoid membranes adhesions (80.6%) and Teflon adhesions with/without granuloma (86.4%) as well as remaining vascular compression (36.9%) were observed. After the reoperation, an immediate relief rate of 94.2% was observed. During a mean follow-up period of 17.4 ± 4.4 months, a long-term relief rate of 89.3% was achieved. Postoperative complications included 3 cases of persistent paresthesia, 1 case each of hearing loss, cerebrospinal fluid leak, and facial palsy. Ten cases without evident compression received nerve combing and all experienced immediate complete relief, with only 1 patient experiencing recurrence 9 months after surgery. Compared to the primary MVD group, the reoperation group had a higher average age, longer disease duration, and operating time (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in immediate relief rate, long-term relief rate, or complications between the 2 groups. The main cause of persistent symptom was inadequate decompression, such as missing the offending vessel; while the recurrent was primarily due to Teflon adhesion or granuloma formation. The redo MVD for TN is equally efficacious and safe compared to the primary procedure, with an emphasis on meticulous dissection and thorough decompression. Additionally, nerve combing proves to be an effective supplementary option for patients without obvious compression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the construction of the trisubstituted olefin-type probe molecules has elicited the attention of many researchers. However, the synthesis of the trisubstituted olefin-type probes containing two N-heterocycles simultaneously has been rarely reported. In this study, starting from the inexpensive mucobromic acid 1 and N-heterocyclic compound 2, we first utilized a simple one-step reaction to synthesize a series of trisubstituted olefin-type compounds 3 simultaneously bearing with the structure of two N-heterocyclic rings in the absence of transition metal catalysts with a yield of 62–86%. The optimal reaction conditions were systematically explored, and the structure of the obtained compounds 3 were well characterized with 1H NMR, 13C NMR, X-ray single-crystal and HR-MS. The preliminary observation showed that, in the presence of base, mucobromic acid 1 reacts as its ring-opening structure, and the successive nucleophilic substitution reaction and Michael addition reaction can generate the target product 3. Considering that the aldehyde group in the molecular structure of the trisubstituted olefin-type compounds 3 may react with malononitrile, we carried out some relevant investigations so as to realize the visual detection of malononitrile. Interestingly, among the products, compounds 3a–3c can be prepared in portable test strips through a simple process and used to achieve the naked-eye detection of malononitrile in environmental systems as designed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides concise and factual information about the synthesis and characterization of various sulfonothioate compounds. The compounds are prepared using a general procedure, and their yields and melting points are reported. The document also includes NMR spectra, which provide information about the chemical shifts of the compounds' protons and carbon atoms. The aim of the document is to provide valuable information for library patrons conducting research on these specific compounds. Additional supporting information for the article is available online. [Extracted from the article]

Background: The effects on bone mineral density (BMD)/fracture between type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes are unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the causal relationship between the two types of diabetes and BMD/fracture using a Mendelian randomization (MR) design. Methods: A two-sample MR study was conducted to examine the causal relationship between diabetes and BMD/fracture, with three phenotypes (T1D, T2D, and glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c]) of diabetes as exposures and five phenotypes (femoral neck BMD [FN-BMD], lumbar spine BMD [LS-BMD], heel-BMD, total body BMD [TB-BMD], and fracture) as outcomes, combining MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and inverse variance weighted (IVW) sensitivity assessments. Additionally, horizontal pleiotropy was evaluated and corrected using the residual sum and outlier approaches. Results: The IVW method showed that genetically predicted T1D was negatively associated with TB-BMD (β = -0.018, 95% CI: -0.030, -0.006), while T2D was positively associated with FN-BMD (β = 0.033, 95% CI: 0.003, 0.062), heel-BMD (β = 0.018, 95% CI: 0.006, 0.031), and TB-BMD (β = 0.050, 95% CI: 0.022, 0.079). Further, HbA1c was not associated with the five outcomes (β ranged from − 0.012 to 0.075). Conclusions: Our results showed that T1D and T2D have different effects on BMD at the genetic level. BMD decreased in patients with T1D and increased in those with T2D. These findings highlight the complex interplay between diabetes and bone health, suggesting potential age-specific effects and genetic influences. To better understand the mechanisms of bone metabolism in patients with diabetes, further longitudinal studies are required to explain BMD changes in different types of diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the escalating global crisis in feed protein availability, Jatropha curcas L. cake has attracted significant interest as a viable alternative protein source in animal feed. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of fermented Jatropha curcas L. cake (FJCC) as a protein feed in the diet of pigs. A total of 96 growing pigs with an average weight of 27.60 ± 1.59 kg were divided into three dietary groups with varying FJCC inclusion levels (0, 2.5, and 5%) for a 28 d trial. Results showed that the diet with 5% FJCC (FJCC5) demonstrated significant improvements in average daily gain (p = 0.009), feed‐to‐gain ratio (p = 0.036), nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology. Furthermore, the FJCC5 diet resulted in a decrease in pH values in different gut sections (jejunum p = 0.045, cecum p = 0.001, colon p = 0.012), and favorably altered the profile of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) with increased butyric acid content (p = 0.005) and total SCFAs (p = 0.019). Additionally, this diet notably decreased IL‐6 levels in the jejunum (p = 0.008) and colon (=0.047), significantly reduced IL‐1 levels in the hypothalamus (p < 0.001), and lowered IL‐1, IL‐6, and IL‐10 levels in plasma (p < 0.05). Microbiota and metabolite profile analysis revealed an elevated abundance of beneficial microbes (p < 0.05) and key metabolites such as 4‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) (p = 0.003) and serotonin (5‐HT) (p = 0.022), linked to neuroactive ligand‐receptor interaction. Moreover, FJCC5 significantly boosted circulating neurotransmitter levels of 5‐HT (p = 0.006) and GABA (p = 0.002) in plasma and hypothalamus, with corresponding increases in precursor amino acids (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that FJCC, particularly at a 5% inclusion rate, can be an effective substitute for traditional protein sources like soybean meal, offering benefits beyond growth enhancement to gut health and potentially impacting the gut‐brain axis. This research underscores FJCC's potential as a valuable component in sustainable animal nutrition strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To figure out the relationship between semi-solid deformation and hot tearing susceptibility of magnesium alloys, the solid and semi-solid tensile experiments of binary Mg–xCa (x = 0.2, 0.5, and 2 wt%) alloys were conducted by a Gleeble 3500 thermal simulator. The linear contraction of the alloys was measured by a newly developed apparatus based on a constrained rod casting (CRC) hot tearing apparatus. The results indicated that the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and fracture elongation (FE) of the alloys decreased with the decrease in solid fraction (increase in the test temperature). It is revealed that Mg–0.5Ca alloy exhibited the highest hot tearing susceptibility due to its extremely low ductility even at a high solid fraction of 0.96 and the highest linear contraction among the three alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the realm of ballistic target analysis, micro-motion attributes, such as warhead precession, nutation, and decoy oscillations, play a pivotal role. This paper addresses these critical aspects by introducing an advanced analytical model for assessing the Doppler power spectra of convex quadric revolution bodies during precession. Our model is instrumental in calculating the Doppler shifts pertinent to both precession and swing cones. Additionally, it extends to delineate the Doppler power spectra for configurations involving cones and sphere–cone combinations. A key aspect of our study is the exploration of the effects exerted by geometric parameters and observation angles on the Doppler spectra, offering a comparative perspective of various micro-motion forms. The simulations distinctly demonstrate how different micro-motion patterns of a cone influence the Doppler power spectra and underscore the significance of geometric parameters and observational angles in shaping these spectra. This research not only contributes to enhancing LIDAR target identification methodologies but also lays a groundwork for future explorations into complex micro-motions like nutation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governments have formulated policies to support companies developing new energy vehicle, and unexpected slow development brings further attention to the policy. Concerns have been raised about how to design a subsidy mode for policies. In this paper, we provide insights into the preference of subsidy mode, government's subsidy strategies and firms' strategies of researching and pricing among product subsidy, innovation subsidy, and product-innovation subsidy. We find that the government and companies prefer the product-innovation subsidy and detest innovation subsidy. Moreover, there is a trade-off in the government's subsidy strategy under the product-innovation subsidy, where the product subsidy payment is higher than that under the product subsidy, and the innovation subsidy payment is lower than that under the innovation subsidy. In terms of price strategies, the manufacturer's price is lowest under the product subsidy, and the supplier's price is lowest under the innovation subsidy. Furthermore, the investment strategies under the three subsidy cases are positively correlated with consumer recognition and firms' R &D capabilities, while the government subsidy strategy under the innovation subsidy show some differences. Government should make the product-innovation subsidy as the first choice, and turning to the innovation subsidy as companies' R &D capabilities and consumer recognition increasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A second rain belt sometimes occurs ahead of a frontal rain belt in the warm sector over coastal South China, leading to heavy precipitation. We examined the differences in the mesoscale characteristics and microphysics of the frontal and warm sector rain belts that occurred in South China on May 10-13, 2022. The southern rain belt occurred in an environment with favorable mesoscale conditions but weak large-scale forcing. In contrast, the northern rain belt was related to low-level horizontal shear and the surface-level front. The interaction between the enhanced southeasterly winds and the rainfall-induced cold pool promoted the persistent growth of convection along the southern rain belt. The convective cell propagated east over the coastal area, where there was a large temperature gradient. The bow-shaped echo in this region may be closely related to the rear-inflow jet. By contrast, the initial convection of the northern rain belt was triggered along the front and the region of low-level horizontal shear, with mesoscale interactions between the enhanced warm-moist southeasterly airflow and the cold dome associated with the earlier rain. The terrain blocked the movement of the cold pool, resulting in the stagnation of the frontal convective cell at an early stage. Subsequently, a meso-γ-scale vortex formed during the rapid movement of the convective cell, corresponding to an enhancement of precipitation. The representative raindrop spectra for the southern rain belt were characterized by a greater number and higher density of raindrops than the northern rain belt, even though both resulted in comparable hourly rainfalls. These results help us better understand the characteristics of double rain belts over South China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invisibility, a fascinating ability of hiding objects within environments, has attracted broad interest for a long time. However, current invisibility technologies are still restricted to stationary environments and narrow band. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a Chimera metasurface for multiterrain invisibility by synthesizing the natural camouflage traits of various poikilotherms. The metasurface achieves chameleon-like broadband in situ tunable microwave reflection mimicry of realistic water surface, shoal, beach/desert, grassland, and frozen ground from 8 to 12 GHz freely via the circuit-topology- transited mode evolution, while remaining optically transparent as an invisible glass frog. Additionally, the mechanic-driven Chimera metasurface without active electrothermal effect, owning a bearded dragon-like thermal acclimation, can decrease the maximum thermal imaging difference to 3.1 °C in tested realistic terrains, which cannot be recognized by human eyes. Our work transitions camouflage technologies from the constrained scenario to ever-changing terrains and constitutes a big advance toward the new-generation reconfigurable electromagnetics with circuit-topology dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oulenziella bakeri Hughes is a promising alternative prey for mass rearing of predatory mites. However, little is known regarding the effects of different temperatures on the population growth of O. bakeri. In the present study, the developmental duration, survival rate, longevity, fecundity, and sex ratio of O. bakeri were observed under laboratory conditions at 16°C, 20°C, 24°C, 28°C, and 32°C. The developmental duration and whole generation time of O. bakeri shortened with increasing temperature, except for the protonymphal duration, which was the shortest at 24°C. The maximum fecundity of O. bakeri was recorded at 28°C (176.73 eggs/ female) but did not significantly differ from that at 24°C (173.80 eggs/female). The sex ratio for the progeny of O. bakeri was female-biased, and showed no significant difference among 16°C, 20°C, and 24°C, but a significant decrease as the temperature further increased. Life table analysis indicated that the net reproductive rate of O. bakeri was highest at 28°C, with a value of 140.37. Furthermore, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) of O. bakeri ranged from 0.12 to 0.38, and increased with the temperature. Our findings suggested that temperatures of 24°C and 28°C were most suitable among the tested temperatures for rearing O. bakeri. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a low-rank coal, lignite (brown coal) is usually well treated by chemical or enzymatic methods prior to its utilization for energy and materials. Following ionic liquids (ILs)-pretreatment, this study focuses on the treatment of lignite by oxidoreductase-type of enzymes including horseradish peroxidase (HRP), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and laccase. We observed some synergistic effects of IL-pretreatment and enzymatic actions on lignite coal. The combination of IL-pretreatment and HRP-/ADH-treatment enabled smaller and more uniform coal particles than IL-pretreatment alone or that without HRP. However, laccase-treatment led to large coal aggregates likely due to the crosslinking effect. Both HRP- and ADH-treatments induced a lower aliphatic and a higher aromatic content of lignite, particularly when the coal was pretreated by an IL prior to the enzymatic process. Both ADH- and laccase-treatments produced more hydrogen bonds in the coal. Therefore, the combined treatments of lignite by ILs and oxidoreductases dedicate low-rank coal structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have undoubtedly emerged as the most indispensable tool for organic chemists worldwide, finding extensive utility in the synthesis of intricate natural products, heterocyclic molecules with significant bioactivity, and pharmaceutical agents. The multicomponent one-pot 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions, which were initially conceptualized by Rolf Huisgen in 1960, find extensive application in contemporary heterocyclic chemistry. In terms of green synthesis, the multicomponent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is highly favored owing to its numerous advantages, including high step- and atom-economies, remarkable product diversity, as well as excellent efficiency and diastereoselectivity. Among the numerous pieces of research, the most fascinating reaction involves the utilization of azomethine ylides generated from isatins and amino acids that can be captured by various dipolarophiles. This approach offers a highly efficient and convenient method for constructing spiro-pyrrolidine oxindole scaffolds, which are crucial building blocks in biologically active molecules. Consequently, this review delves deeper into the dipolarophiles utilized in the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of isatins and amino acids over the past six years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The great promise of the combination of urea oxidation reaction (UOR) with hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) to simultaneously achieve wastewater treatment and hydrogen production calls for the rational design of high‐performance electrocatalysts. Herein, the reconstruction with the formation of Ni2P and Mo2O72− on the surface can largely enhance the alkaline HER activity of P‐NiMoO4 by on‐site electrochemical activation strategy. Systematic experimental results indicate that the reconstruction process enables the exposure of additional Ni sites and the adjustment of hydrogen adsorption to facilitate HER kinetics. Ultimately, a highly efficient alkaline HER electrode with low overpotential of −48.9 mV for 10 mA cm−2 is achieved. More importantly, a UOR electrolyzer assembled with A‐P‐NiMoO4 as the cathode and P‐NiMoO4 as the anode exhibits impressive performance with a small cell voltage of 1.363 V for 10 mA cm−2. The application of the fabricated electrodes in a practical cell driven by a commercial dry battery (1.5 V) demonstrates efficient and stable hydrogen production, making the developed strategy promising for the rational design of highly active electrocatalysts for green hydrogen production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the deformation characteristics of energy piles subjected to horizontal loads in sandy soil. A model energy pile was subjected to ten heating and cooling cycles. The temperature of the pile and soil around the pile, pile top horizontal displacement, pile strain, and horizontal soil pressure in front of the pile were measured. Furthermore, the bending moment and displacement of the pile body were calculated and analyzed. The results show that the horizontal displacement of the pile top consistently increased. The temperature variation caused significant changes in the pile body displacement, which increased in the heating process and decreased in the cooling process, showing an overall increasing trend. However, the increment of pile body displacement gradually reduced. The temperature variation considerably changed the pile's bending moment; the pile body's maximum bending moment appeared at a depth of 3.5 D (D is the pile diameter). The pile bending moment increased during heating but decreased during cooling. The pile bending moment increased with the number of heating–cooling cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the fundamental tasks in natural language processing, Multi-Label Text Classification (MLTC) is used to mark one or more relevant labels for a given text from a large set of labels. Existing MLTC methods have increasingly focused on improving classification effectiveness by fusing the correlations of labels. Still, the research suffers from difficulties in comprehensively extracting text features and distinguishing similar labels. This paper proposed a multi-label text classification model based on keyword extraction and attention mechanism. The model proposed using keywords to represent labels, adopting both self-attention and interactive attention mechanisms (between labels and text) to extract text features and create text vectors. Finally, fusing text vectors as the classifier's input. Experiments were conducted on two public datasets and a self-built dataset of illegal advertisements. The experimental results showed that the keyword-based label representation approach proposed in this paper can better obtain label semantics, avoid noise and improve the performance of the multi-label text classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every enterprise in the supply chain will participate in managing the supply chain. The decisions made by each party will affect the future decisions of other members in the supply chain and themselves. There are trade-offs since the upstream and downstream of the multi-supply chain tackle problems from different perspectives based on their interests. With the increasing competition and cooperation among enterprises in multi-supply chains, game theory is widely used to analyze the competition and collaboration among enterprises. This study combines game theory and auction theory to obtain the relative optimal allocation through double auctions for multi-objective optimization. Nevertheless, there are a few issues, including the number of iterations and the potential for local monopoly in double auctions. To this end, the generalized genetic particle swarm optimization (GGPSO) algorithm is introduced to improve the double auctions mechanism, and finally, the global optimization of the supply chain is achieved. The simulation results show that the proposed method can efficiently complete the distribution and pricing among multi-supply chains and compensate the competing buyers with higher average quotations and the competing sellers with lower average quotes. Additionally, the GGPSO algorithm presented in this paper has a good performance in terms of the time needed to obtain the optimal solution, which is conducive to the global optimization of the supply chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the potential of using allostatic load (AL) as a biomarker for early breast cancer detection, showing a significant association between elevated AL and higher risks of high-risk benign breast biopsy results. Topics discussed include the relationship between AL and breast cancer risk, the impact of chronic stress on immune function and hormone levels, and the need for further research, especially concerning racial disparities.

The mechanism for anaphylaxis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination has been widely debated; understanding this serious adverse event is important for future vaccines of similar design. A mechanism proposed is type I hypersensitivity (i.e., IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation) to polyethylene glycol (PEG). Using an assay that, uniquely, had been previously assessed in patients with anaphylaxis to PEG, our objective was to compare anti-PEG IgE in serum from mRNA COVID-19 vaccine anaphylaxis case-patients and persons vaccinated without allergic reactions. Secondarily, we compared anti-PEG IgG and IgM to assess alternative mechanisms. Selected anaphylaxis case-patients reported to U.S. Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System December 14, 2020–March 25, 2021 were invited to provide a serum sample. mRNA COVID-19 vaccine study participants with residual serum and no allergic reaction post-vaccination ("controls") were frequency matched to cases 3:1 on vaccine and dose number, sex and 10-year age category. Anti-PEG IgE was measured using a dual cytometric bead assay (DCBA). Anti-PEG IgG and IgM were measured using two different assays: DCBA and a PEGylated-polystyrene bead assay. Laboratorians were blinded to case/control status. All 20 case-patients were women; 17 had anaphylaxis after dose 1, 3 after dose 2. Thirteen (65 %) were hospitalized and 7 (35 %) were intubated. Time from vaccination to serum collection was longer for case-patients vs controls (post-dose 1: median 105 vs 21 days). Among Moderna recipients, anti-PEG IgE was detected in 1 of 10 (10 %) case-patients vs 8 of 30 (27 %) controls (p = 0.40); among Pfizer-BioNTech recipients, it was detected in 0 of 10 case-patients (0 %) vs 1 of 30 (3 %) controls (p >n 0.99). Anti-PEG IgE quantitative signals followed this same pattern. Neither anti-PEG IgG nor IgM was associated with case status with both assay formats. Our results support that anti-PEG IgE is not a predominant mechanism for anaphylaxis post-mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to screen the good strains available to livestock and poultry. Two strains of Clostridium butyricum were screened from pit mud, and were identified by morphological observation, physiological and biochemical tests, molecular biological identification and homology comparison and biological properties of two strains were compared. The results showed that the type and amount of acid produced by strain J-1 was more than that of strain J-2. The butyric acid yield of strain J-1 was 100 times of that of strain J-2, which was 411.7 mg/L. There was no significant difference in viability between strain J-1 and strain J-2. The sporulation rate of strain J-1 was 17.16% higher than that of strain J-2 (77.64%). The amylase activity of strain J-1 was 19.35 mm, which was 1.7 times higher than that of strain J-2. The study indicates that strain J-1 has better performance in acid production type and content, viable bacteria rate, sporulation rate and amylase activity, and can be used as a follow-up test strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A microwave-promoted multicomponent reaction of isatins, α-amino acids and 1,4-dihydro-1,4-epoxynaphthalene is achieved under environmentally friendly conditions, delivering oxygen-bridged spirooxindoles within 15 min in good to excellent yields. The attractive features of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition are the compatibility of various primary amino acids and the high efficiency of the short reaction time. Moreover, the scale-up reaction and synthetic transformations of spiropyrrolidine oxindole further demonstrate its synthetic utility. This work provides powerful means to expand the structural diversity of spirooxindole as a promising scaffold for novel drug discovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though numerous empirical and theoretical studies have been conducted on the determinants and effects of executive compensation, empirical evidence regarding the bargaining effect on the monetary compensation decisions of executives, especially in a large emerging economy such as China, remains scarce. In this study, a two-tier stochastic frontier and endogenous correction model was developed to quantitatively estimate the bargaining effect on the monetary compensation decisions of investment bank executives. Our study is the first to provide comprehensive empirical evidence that bargaining between investment banks and executives in China significantly affects the compensation decisions of executives. In the bargaining process, investment banks are more proficient than executives, and the comprehensive bargaining effect tends to lower the negotiated compensation of executives. The bargaining effect exhibited obvious heterogeneity in the characteristics of executives and investment banks. When these characteristics tend to augment the bargaining power of executives, the negotiated compensation exhibits a limited decrease; when these characteristics augment the bargaining power of investment banks, the negotiated compensation decreases substantially. Our results provide deep insight into factors that determine executive compensation and help compensation designers of investment banks better understand and design executive pay packages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distance measure is an effective tool for describing the difference between two vectors. Many scholars have proposed a lot of distance measures between the intuitionistic fuzzy sets. However, there are few works about the interval-valued intuitionistic multiplicative (IVIM) distance measure. The few research achievements are not sufficient to deal with the problems involving the distance between two interval-valued intuitionistic multiplicative sets (IVIMSs). Thus, there still exist some shortages in fully describing the difference between two IVIMSs. In this paper, we first propose an improved distance measure, the projection-based distance measure, which can reflect the difference between two objects more accurately with IVIM information. After that, a new method is introduced to determine the experts' weights based on the projection-based distance measure. Then, to handle the group decision making problem in which the weights of experts are unknown, we use the proposed projection-based distance measure to construct the similarity matrix in Boole clustering method. Finally, the clustering method is applied to the customer classification problem to test the reliability of the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The behavior of somatic stem cells is regulated by their niche. Interaction between hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their niches are a representative model to understand stem cell‐niche interplay. Here, we provide an overview of crosstalk between HSCs and their niches in bone marrow and extramedullary organs following the life journey of HSCs from emergence, development, maturation until aging. We highlight the unique differences of HSC niches in different life stages within various organs focusing on recent literature to propose new speculations and hypotheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of single-incision plus one port laparoscopic surgery (SILS + 1) for myomectomy. We retrospectively analyzed data from patients who underwent laparoendoscopic single-site myomectomy (LESS-M group, n = 40) and SILS + 1 (SILS + 1-M group, n = 40) for myomectomy at our hospital from October 2018 through December 2020. The patients' baseline demographic information and clinical data were compared between the two groups. The results showed that no significant difference in basic characteristics or between the number, size, and location of uterine myomas between the two groups (p < 0.05). However, the surgery was more difficult and the total operating time was significantly longer in the LESS-M group compared to the SILS + 1-M group (83.5 ± 14.2 vs. 108.2 ± 18.1 min, p = 0.001). Moreover, the estimated intraoperative blood loss (113.4 ± 46.5 vs. 211.4 ± 60.3 ml, p = 0.001) and changes in hemoglobin level (13.1 ± 7.6 vs. 18.2 ± 6.0, p = 0.001) were significantly lower in the SILS + 1-M group compared to the LESS-M group. In addition, no serious intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred after surgery in either group. The clinical outcomes in the SILS + 1-M group were associated with a significant reduction in total surgical time compared to the LESS-M group (p < 0.05). SILS + 1 for myomectomy is popular in clinics, with a satisfactory clinical effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is increasingly recognised in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐uninfected patients with high mortality. The efficacy and safety profiles of induction therapy with high‐dose fluconazole plus flucytosine remain unclear. Methods: HIV‐uninfected CM patients who received high‐dose fluconazole (800 mg/d) for initial therapy in Huashan Hospital were included in this retrospective study from January 2013 to December 2018. Efficacy and safety of initial therapy, clinical outcomes and risk factors were evaluated. Results: Twenty‐seven (71.1%) patients who received high‐dose fluconazole with flucytosine combination therapy and 11 (28.9%) having fluconazole alone for induction therapy were included. With a median duration of 42 days (IQR, 28–86), the successful response rate of initial therapy was 76.3% (29/38), while adverse drug reactions occurred in 14 patients (36.8%). The rate of persistently positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture results was 30.6% at 2 weeks, which was significantly associated with CSF CrAg titre >1:1280 (OR 9.56; 95% CI 1.40–103.65; p =.010) and CSF culture of Cryptococcus >3.9 log10CFU/ml (OR 19.20; 95% CI 1.60–920.54; p =.011), and decreased to 8.6% at 4 weeks. One‐year mortality was 15.8% (6/38), and low serum albumin (35 g/L) was found as an independent risk factor for 1‐year mortality (HR 6.31; 95% CI 1.150–34.632; p =.034). Conclusions: Induction therapy with high‐dose fluconazole (800 mg/d), combined with flucytosine, effectively treated HIV‐uninfected CM and was well tolerated. Long‐term fluconazole treatment with continued monitoring is beneficial for patients with persistent infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: MicroRNA (miR)-185-3p plays a role in multiple types of cancers, while its underlying function remains obscure in hyperlipidemia. This research was conducted to unravel its function in hyperlipidemia development via modulating mastermind-like 1 (MAML1). Methods: The hyperlipidemia rat model was established by feeding with high-fat diet. miR-185-3p and MAML1 levels in hyperlipidemia rats were detected. Adenoviral vectors altering miR-185-3p and MAML1 levels were injected into hyperlipidemia rats to examine the levels of serum lipids, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine, lipid accumulation, and cellular morphology in liver tissues of hyperlipidemia rats. The targeting relation between miR-185-3p and MAML1 was manifested. Results: miR-185-3p expressed at a low level, while MAML1 expressed at a high level in hyperlipidemia rats. miR-185-3p overexpression or MAML1 silencing reduced levels of serum lipids, mitigated oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and relieved lipid accumulation and pathological morphology in liver tissues in hyperlipidemia rats, while upregulated MAML1 reversed the effects of augmented miR-185-3p in hyperlipidemia rats. Mechanically, miR-185-3p targeted MAML1. Conclusion: Upregulated miR-185-3p represses hyperlipidemia development via modulating MAML1 expression. This research provides novel therapeutic candidates for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite action between the components of the concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) is complex and it is difficult to accurately obtain the experimental relationship between the steel tube and the core concrete of CFT columns. The triaxially stressed core concrete has been studied by hydrostatic test in past research, while little research has been focused on the mechanical behavior of steel tube of CFT columns. It is difficult to obtain the experimental constitutive relationship of the steel tube of CFT columns to reflect the real-time influence of biaxial stress state and local buckling of steel plate on the steel tube. To clarify the mechanical behavior of the steel tube of CFT columns, this paper proposed an elastoplastic analytical method considering biaxial stress state and local buckling of steel tube to obtain the stress–strain curve of the steel tube. This method applied the Hook's law and the plasticity theory to interpret the information conveyed by the measured vertical and hoop strain histories of the steel tube. To verify its effectiveness, 11 circular concrete-filled steel tube stub columns were fabricated and tested under axial compression. Superposition results of the axial load–strain of steel tube and core concrete were compared against the experimental curves. The widely used Sakino–Sun model of the confined concrete was adopted to calculate the axial load–strain curve of the core concrete. Satisfactory agreements between the calculated and experimental results confirmed the rationality of the proposed method in tracing the constitutive relation of the biaxially stressed steel tube even after the occurrence of the local buckling. The obtained stress–strain relationship is critical for establishment of mathematical constitutive model and finite element model of steel tube. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antipsychotic agents are clinically utilized to treat schizophrenia and other mental disorders. These drugs induce neurological and metabolic side effects, but their influence on blood vessels remains largely unknown. Here, we show that haloperidol, one of the most frequently prescribed antipsychotic agents, induces vascular defects in bone marrow. Acute haloperidol treatment results in vascular dilation that is specific to hematopoietic organs. This vessel dilation is associated with disruption of hematopoiesis and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), both of which are reversible after haloperidol withdrawal. Mechanistically, haloperidol treatment blocked the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A) from HSPCs. Genetic blockade of VEGF‐A secretion from hematopoietic cells or inhibition of VEGFR2 in endothelial cells result in similar vessel dilation in bone marrow during regeneration after irradiation and transplantation. Conversely, VEGF‐A gain of function rescues the bone marrow vascular defects induced by haloperidol treatment and irradiation. Our work reveals an unknown effect of antipsychotic agents on the vasculature and hematopoiesis with potential implications for drug application in clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cu12@Au30Pt12, a stable core–shell molecule with Ih symmetry, has been designed and identified by using density functional theory. The Cu12@Au30Pt12 molecule consists of an icosahedral Cu12 core encapsulated by a Au30Pt12 pentakis icosidodecahedron shell composed of a Pt12 icosahedron and a Au30 icosidodecahedron. The dynamic and thermal stabilities of Cu12@Au30Pt12 are confirmed by vibrational frequency analysis and molecular dynamics simulations, respectively. The partial densities of states and frontier molecular orbitals both demonstrate the obvious characteristics of spd hybridizations. Furthermore, the Cu12@Au30Pt12 molecule exhibits magnetism with a total magnetic moment of 8 µB, which mainly comes from its Pt-5d states. A new assembled ice-sugar gourd-shaped [Cu12@Au30Pt11]n nanowire is obtained, and the results indicate that the nanowire is metallic and exhibits magnetism. The magnetic Cu12@Au30Pt12 molecule and [Cu12@Au30Pt11]n nanowire are potential candidates for applications in novel magnetic nanodevices and nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel non-prestressed composite girder bridge, incorporating steel plates, ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), and normal concrete (NC), is proposed for small and medium-span bridges. For the proposed steel plate-UHPC-NC composite bridge, UHPC girders are reinforced with steel plates on the bottom in lieu of part of closely-spaced rebars in the beam. Cast-in-situ NC deck slab is adopted to ensure its transverse integrity and to reduce costs in comparison with UHPC bridge deck. To verify the performance of the proposed novel composite bridge, three types of UHPC-NC composite beams with same reinforcement ratio (reinforced with only rebars, only steel plates, both rebars and steel plates) were first conducted with bending test. The impact of various reinforcement types on the flexural behaviors of UHPC-NC composite specimens was identified, including failure mode, crack distribution pattern, and crack width development. The findings demonstrated that the UHPC girder reinforced with both steel plates and rebars would significantly enhance the crack resistance of UHPC girders during bending in comparison with the other two. In addition, the composite girder reinforced with steel plates and rebars can achieve a nominal stress of 31.41 MPa at the serviceability limit state (with a UHPC crack width of 0.05 mm). The commercial software DIANA is then utilized to numerically simulate the mechanical properties of the proposed composite beam. The deviation between the finite element (FE) results and the experimental load-bearing capacity is within 1.9 %. Parameter analysis demonstrates that the bridge deck's strength has negligible influence on the load-carrying capacity of the proposed composite beam. Finally, a design scenario for a 30 m-span simple-supported bridge is conducted, and the initial cost analysis indicates that the proposed steel plate-UHPC-NC composite girder is 2 % lower than the conventional prestressed concrete T-girder. The proposed non-prestressed steel plate-UHPC-NC bridge presents notable benefits, including cost-effectiveness, strong crack resistance, and the prospect of complete prefabrication, offering a feasible alternative for small and medium-span bridges. • Proposing a novel non-prestress steel plate-UHPC-NC composite beam. • UHPC beams reinforced with three different types are investigated. • UHPC reinforced with both steel plates and rebars presents better crack resistance. • This proposed composite girder is cost-effective in comparison with T-girders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The core–shell composite was prepared for degradation of chemical warfare agents. • The core–shell catalyst displayed high recovery and good bio-compatibility. • ILs helped catalyst to boost enrichment capacity and catalytic rates. • DFT calculation helped to reveal the catalytic mechanism and degradation pathways. Detoxicating materials of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and their simulants play a critical role in reducing pollution contamination and environmental renovation. In this work, we present a simple strategy to prepare a core–shell structure Fe 3 O 4 /UiO-66-NH 2 /ILs@mSiO 2 using hydrogen bonding association and electrostatic forces. We performed disinfection studies on dimethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate (DMNP) and 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES). The synergistic effects of catalytic activations for CWAs, which reduce the electron transport distance and lower the reaction energy barrier, lead to an increase in hydrolysis and Fenton-like reactions efficiency. Eliminationing tests of DMNP and 2-CEES showed that the half-lives of the degradation reactions were 128.36 and 1.12 min, respectively, and the degradation efficiency did not decrease significantly after 4 cycles. This new type of structure could be magnetically separated within 60 s to facilitate material recovery and reuse. Moreover, the presence of a mesoporous silica shell made the catalyst particles to become biocompatible and environmentally friendly. The degradation pathways of the intermediates were revealed based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), gaschromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The effective combination of catalysts provided a facile strategy for developing multi-effect synergistic catalysts for the elimination of CWAs and other pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system collects massive operation and environment information which directly or indirectly affects the output power in wind farms. Therefore, it becomes an imperious demand to analyze the underlying information from SCADA data for improving the performance of short-term wind power prediction. In this paper, an effective deep learning framework for short-term wind power forecasting based on SCADA data analysis is proposed. A data denoising scheme is designed based on wavelet decomposition. In this method, all SCADA signals (except the wind power signal itself) are decomposed into low-frequency component A and high-frequency component D respectively by the wavelet transform. Then, the maximum information coefficient (MIC) method is applied to choose features that have strong correlation with wind power. Finally, all the selected features and wind power are defined as input vector that are used to train long short-term memory networks. The simulation results based on real data extracted from a SCADA system installed in wind farm indicate that the designed deep learning framework can significantly improve the accuracy of short-term wind power prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of a new generation of information technology, the promotion of network technology, and the emergence of complex and diverse requirements for control objects make the structure of language learning models more and more distributed. Distributed learning theory emphasizes the central position of learners in the learning process and the universality of learning scenes. This paper explores the significance and value of various learning modes to improve students' learning effect. By analyzing the research data and explaining various effective language learning models, this paper aims to establish a theoretical framework of English language learning models and explore more effective language model matching schemes. This paper analyzes the adaptive multiagent, reward function, Markov model, probability function model, etc. and conducts experiments on the basis of the designed model. The linear correlation parameters of the model and the English language pattern matching efficiency are analyzed and judged on several important indicators. Because the algorithm designed in this paper has a good effect on the control of error, the error reduction rate has reached 85.6%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the event of radiological accidents and cancer radiotherapies in the clinic, the gastrointestinal (GI) system is vulnerable to ionizing radiation and shows GI injury. Accessible biomarkers may provide means to predict, evaluate, and treat GI tissue damage. The current study investigated radiation GI injury biomarkers in rat plasma. High-coverage targeted lipidomics was employed to profile lipidome perturbations at 72 h after 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 Gy (60Co γ-rays at 1 Gy/min) total-body irradiation in male rat jejunum. The results were correlated with previous plasma screening outcomes. In total, 93 differential metabolites and 28 linear dose-responsive metabolites were screened in the jejunum. Moreover, 52 lipid species with significant differences both in jejunum and plasma were obtained. Three lipid species with linear dose-response relationship both in jejunum and plasma were put forth, which exhibited good to excellent sensitivity and specificity in triaging different exposure levels. The linear dose-effect relationship of lipid metabolites in the jejunum and the triage performance of radiation GI injury biomarkers in plasma were studied for the first time. The present study can provide insights into expanded biomarkers of IR-mediated GI injury and minimally invasive assays for evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For bridges with surface foundations, scour is one of the main reasons for bridge failures. In regard to structural health monitoring, vibration-based scour detection techniques have received increasing attention over the past two decades. Scour occurs below the water surface in rivers or sea, leading to difficulty in equipment installation and maintenance. Recently, the concept of "drive-by" SHM using the indirect measurement of passing vehicle responses has been developed rapidly due to its convenience and low cost. This paper proposes a method to detect scour using the vehicle responses under an operational vehicle speed. The wavelet transform was applied to vehicle accelerations to obtain the wavelet energy. It was found that the wavelet energy increases with the increase in the scour damage level. However, the wavelet energy may also be affected by the on-site operating environments, such as sensor noise and other variabilities, which interferes with the identification of scour in practice. Hence, in this work, a statistical-wavelet-based approach was presented to effectively detect the presence of scour and even its location. The feasibility of the proposed approach is verified in both numerical simulation and lab experiments. The results show that the proposed method has a good potential to detect scour using indirect measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spark ignition (SI)-controlled auto-ignition (CAI) hybrid combustion is characterized by early flame propagation combustion and subsequent auto-ignition combustion. The application of combined SI–CAI hybrid combustion can be used to effectively extend the operating range of CAI combustion and achieve smooth transitions between SI and CAI combustion modes. However, SI–CAI hybrid combustion can produce significant cycle-to-cycle variations (CCV). In order to better understand the sources of CCV and minimize its occurrence, the large eddy simulation (LES) and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) approaches were employed in this study to model and understand the cyclic phenomenon of SI–CAI hybrid combustion. Both the multi-cycle LES and RANS simulations were analyzed against the experimental measurements in a single cylinder engine at 1500 rpm and a 5.43 bar average indicated the mean effective pressure (IMEP). The detailed analysis of the in-cylinder pressure traces, IMEP, in-cylinder peak pressure (PP), peak pressure rise rate (PPRR) and the crank angles with fuel mass burned fraction at 10%, 50%, 90% and mode transition was performed. The results indicate that overall, the adopted LES simulations could effectively predict the cyclic variations in the hybrid combustion observed in the experiments, while the RANS simulations failed to reproduce the cyclic characteristics at the chosen engine operating conditions. Based on the LES results, the correlation and visualization studies indicate that the cyclic variations in the local velocity around the spark plug lead to the variations in the early flame propagation, which in turn produce temperature fluctuations among the cycles and result in greater variations in the subsequent auto-ignition combustion events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a new research task, suggestion mining increasingly gained attention in recent years. However, it is still open and challenging due to complex semantics, large diversity of domains, and the absence of large labeled and balanced datasets. More importantly, most of the research is focused on English in-domain suggestion mining. But as compared to English, Chinese suggestion has more abundant expression forms, showing many different characteristics, so it is the necessity to carry out suggestions mining research in Chinese environment. In this work, the performances of several classification models for Chinese suggestion mining were compared. Firstly, a Chinese suggestion mining corpus was constructed for open domain, and then trained several models for the suggestion mining, which included both traditional machine learning models (feature engineering-based models) and deep learning models. Our results demonstrated that these models can successfully classify Chinese sentences into two classes: suggestion and non-suggestion. The results of this study can guide future research in Chinese open domain suggestion mining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dual-credit policy is regarded as an important measure in the postsubsidy era of energy conservation and emission reduction in the auto industry and is concerned with all aspects of society. In this paper, a research and development cooperation model of the duopoly supply chain between suppliers and manufacturers in the automotive industry is constructed, and the influence of the double integral policy on the research and development cooperation between suppliers and manufacturers in the automotive industry is discussed based on the power perspective theory in the supply chain. The results show that cooperation is more effective than noncooperation in promoting both parties' R&D investment in fuel economy, as well as the fuel economy of the final product. The government should encourage R&D cooperation in the upstream and downstream of the supply chain of the automotive industry. The influence on the R&D cooperation between the supplier and the manufacturer was the combined effect of fuel consumption saving. The government's intention to formulate a dual-credit policy to guide the R&D cooperation behavior in the auto industry supply chain should consider not only the impact of credit unit price but also the public' consciousness of fuel saving and environmental protection. The combined effect of fuel consumption saving on the R&D cooperation led by different powers, which meant that the government was aiming to encourage R&D cooperation, should consider different situations in the auto industry supply chain to formulate the dual-credit policy to adjust the supply and demand relationship of the dual-credit policy to affect the credit unit price, thus affecting the combined effect of fuel consumption saving, encouraging R&D cooperation in the auto industry supply chain, and realizing energy conservation and emission reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The property of dark matter remains to date unknown. However, a model-independent classification of dark matter candidates can be achieved by using various symmetries, as performed in the standard model. Fermionic dark matter has been extensively researched, and one favored candidate is the neutralino in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, which is required by fermion–boson symmetry and the preservation of R-parity. Bosonic dark matter has not been sufficiently studied, especially the scenario of dark matter with a mass of sub-GeV. In this paper, we consider the effect of spin-dependent (SD) on scalar and vector dark matter, which are mediated by pseudoscalar and axial-vector, and evaluate the effect on the dark matter–electron scattering cross-section. We list all the interactions and form factor of dark matter–electron SD scattering, and use XENON10/100/1T experiment data to derive the exclusion limit of the SD cross-section. We find that the SD scattering of scalar and vector dark matter can be three orders of magnitude stronger than spin-independent (SI) scattering due to the p-wave scattering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of Ca on the hot tearing susceptibility (HTS) of WE43 alloy was systematically investigated in this study. The results revealed a significant reduction in HTS with the addition of Ca. The tear volume in WE43- x Ca alloys (x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 wt%) was accurately quantified using a Micro-CT system, serving as an indicator for HTS. The lowest HTS was observed in the WE43–2.0Ca alloy, associated with the precipitation of a substantial amount of the Mg 2 Ca phase. The addition of 2.0 wt% Ca significantly promotes the enrichment of rare-earth eutectic and increases the residual liquid eutectic, resulting in complete healing of the hot tear. The highest HTS was observed in the WE43 alloy due to its low residual liquid eutectic fraction and the inevitable presence of Y 2 O 3 inclusion. Additionally, Ca alloying refined grain size and reduced the susceptible freezing range of the alloys, which can reduce the shrinkage strain acting on the grain boundary per unit at the hot spot. Furthermore, the study investigated the unique morphology of the second phase flat interfaces in the healing region of WE43–2.0Ca alloy. Two possibilities for forming the flattened interface and its effect on HTS are inferred. • The addition of Ca (0 ∼ 2.0 wt%) significantly reduces the hot tearing susceptibility (HTS) of WE43 alloy. • HTS of WE43- x Ca alloy successfully quantified by Micro-CT system. • The effect of eutectic enrichment on HTS was studied. • There is a potential effect of Y 2 O 3 on the healing of hot tear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address two main challenges (excessive mid-span deflections and numerous cracks in the main girder) in long-span prestressed concrete (PC) box-girder bridges, this paper proposes a long-span simply-supported UHPC box-girder bridge. In comparison to conventional PC box-girder bridges with three-dimensional prestress, the proposed UHPC box-girder consists only one-dimensional (longitudinal) prestress, and the thickness of the bottom/top plate and web of the UHPC box-girder are relatively thin and are strengthened with dense diaphragms and stiffening ribs. The 4th Beijiang River Bridge adopts this type of bridge with a span of 102 m, which is the longest span simply supported prestressed UHPC box-girder highway bridge in the world. Considering the fact that the thickness of the top plate of the UHPC box-girder is relatively thin (only 20 cm) and the transverse prestress is removed from the top plate, thus, under the direct action of wheel loads, the risk of bridge deck cracking may correspondingly increase. To investigate the mechanical behavior of the deck system of UHPC box-girder bridges, a 1:2 scaled experimental specimen associated with the field bridge is tested. The mechanical behavior of the new deck system is investigated and discussed. It is found that because the support strength of the stiffening rib is significantly weaker than that of the web, the UHPC deck slab should still be regarded as a two-way slab rather than a one-way slab in the elastic stage. In addition, although the test load location is unfavorable to the UHPC deck slab and the first crack appears on the UHPC deck slab, this deck system finally suffers from bending failure of the transverse rib. Furthermore, finite element analysis is carried out to study the mechanical behavior of this new deck system. Parametric analysis considers some factors including the reinforcement ratio in the transverse rib, the height of the transverse rib, and the space between transverse ribs. The results provide a good reference for design and optimization in the new deck system of UHPC box-girder bridges. • Proposing a long-span simply-supported prestressed UHPC box-girder bridge. • Stress mode of proposed bridge's deck system is analyzed under line-elastic condition. • The mechanical behavior of the new deck system of UHPC box-girder bridges have been experimentally conducted. • The corresponding structural responses are numerically investigated based on finite element analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, a new steel-UHPC composite deck system is used for long-span bridges, which uses the perfobond rib (PBL) shear connectors with a thinner steel perforated plate. Because the steel perforated plate is thinner, its failure mode may be different from that of thicker steel perforated plate. To explore the shear behavior of PBL shear connectors in this new composite deck system, five sets of ten specimens are tested in this study. The parameters of the hole diameter, D , the traverse rebar diameter, d s , and the perforated steel plate thickness, t s are considered. The failure modes, strain development versus loading, and some mechanical indexes are discussed. The experiments show that the PBL shear connector with a thinner perforated steel plate causes a shear failure, while the thicker one results in bending or bending-shear failure. According to FE (finite element) analysis, the orthogonal analysis is conducted to investigate the effect of each parameter and their interaction on the mechanical behavior. It is found that the ultimate capacity and stiffness are the most sensitive to the diameter of the traverse rebar, d s , and the perforated steel plate thickness, t s. In addition, a theoretical formula is proposed to predict the bearing capacity of PBL shear connectors. The proposed formula considers the relationship between shear strain and the dilation angle for the first time. The results show a good agreement with the experiments. The study in this paper provides a good reference for the application and optimization of PBLs with a thinner steel perforated plate in new steel-UHPC composite deck system. • Introducing a new steel-UHPC bridge deck with perforated steel plate as the shear connectors and longitudinal rib. • Shear behavior on PBL shear connector in the new steel-UHPC deck is conducted. • The influence of each parameter of PBL shear connector and its interaction on the structure is obtained. • The formula for the shear capacity of PBL shear connector in the new steel-UHPC bridge deck is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Simple N -fused ring based probe for detection of Fe2+/Fe3+ in aqueous medium. • Probe can visualize the detection of Fe2+/Fe3+ with a limit of detection of 10−7 M. • Probe shows a fast response to Fe2+/Fe3+ (≤10 s). • Probe can be made into portable test strips to realize the detection of Fe2+/Fe3+. In this work, a simple one-step reaction was used to obtain a novel N -fused ring based compound 3. According to the UV–vis absorbance, fluorescence spectra tests, compound 3 has a good selectivity to the detection of Fe2+ and Fe3+, thus it can be further developed into the probe of Fe2+ and Fe3+. After the addition of Fe2+ and Fe3+, the 3 solution (1,4-Dioxane/H 2 O, v/v = 9:1) is turned yellow and its fluorescence is decreased. Based on the results of Job's plot and HRMS spectra, the possible sensing mechanism is proposed as the formation of complexes. As calculated, the limit of detection of 3 on Fe2+ is 0.203 µM while on Fe3+ is 0.331 µM. Noteworthily, probe 3 can response quickly (within 10 s) to Fe2+ and Fe3+. In addition, probe 3 can be further processed into portable test strips for visual identification of Fe2+ and Fe3+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The variation and distribution of pile temperature and surrounding soil temperature under symmetrical heating-cooling cycles were analyzed • The effect of multiple heating-cooling cycles on the variation of pile top displacement and ultimate bearing capacity. of horizontally loaded energy piles was evaluated qualitatively. • According to the test results, combined with the thermos-mechanical properties of saturated clay, the characteristics of the variation of pore water pressure in front of energy piles in saturated clay were investigated • The variation of the maximum bending moment and its location with the number of thermal cycles was studied The thermomechanical behaviour of horizontally loaded energy piles in saturated clay was investigated in this study. Based on model-scale tests, a model energy pile underwent 10 heating‒cooling cycles. The temperature variation, pore water pressure, soil pressure in front of the pile, pile top displacement, and pile bending moment were measured. The results showed that the thermally induced pore water pressure in the upper part of the surrounding soil gradually dissipated with increasing number of thermal cycles, whereas it gradually accumulated in the lower part of the soil. The thermally induced horizontal displacement of the pile top increased with an increasing number of thermal cycles, reaching 2.28% D (D is the pile diameter) but at a decreasing rate. In addition, the maximum bending moment, which affected the failure of the pile, occurred at a depth of 0.375 L (L is the effective pile length) below the soil surface and increased with increasing number of thermal cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sorbaria sorbifolia (SS) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has been employed anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for over 2000 years; yet, its underlying mechanism is still not fully understood. In this study, we evaluated the anti-HCC effect on the freeze-dried powder of the water extract of SS (FDSS) by inhibiting tumor-induced neovascularization, and promoting apoptosis, and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. HCC cell lines (HepG2 and Huh7 cells) and HepG2 xenograft tumors in zebrafish were employed as in vivo and in vitro models, respectively, to evaluate the anti- HCC-indued neovascularization and apoptosis. In HCC cell lines, CCK-8 assay, wound-healing assay, transwell assay, cell circle assay, apoptosis assay, transmission electron microscopy, and co-culture assay were performed in vitro; in HepG2 xenograft tumor-zebrafish, tumor growth inhibition assay, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, xenograft tumor-zebrafish apoptosis assay, and HCC-indued neovascularization assay were performed to evaluate the effect of FDSS on biological behavior of tumor, HCC-indued neovascularization, and apoptosis. The expression of VEGFR and c-Met/apoptotic pathway-related proteins was detected by western blotting analysis. Assays for c-Met and VEGFR activation were conducted to assess the impact of FDSS in either agonistic or inhibitory roles on these receptor proteins. The findings from our study revealed that FDSS effectively suppresses the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HepG2 and Huh7 cells, as well as inhibiting tumor growth in the HepG2 xenograft zebrafish model by downregulating the expression of p-Met and p-AKT proteins. FDSS decreased the tumor growth associated with promoting apoptosis, including arresting HepG2 and Huh7 cells cycle at G0/G1phase, increasing apoptotic cell numbers and apoptotic bodies in cancer cells, and increasing the apoptotic fluorescence of xenograft tumor zebrafish by downregulating Bcl-2 proteins and upregulating Bax, caspase-9, and caspase-3 levels. We also found that FDSS can inhibit HCC-induced neovascularization and regulate VEGFR. Using an agonist or inhibitor of c-Met and VEGFR in HepG2 cells, we discovered that FDSS can downregulate c-Met and VEGFR protein expression. FDSS exerts an anti-HCC effect by inhibiting HCC-indued neovascularization and pro-apoptosis through the inhibition of the action of VEGFR and c-Met/apoptotic pathway. [Display omitted] Sorbaria sorbifolia may inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting cancer-induced neovascularization and pro-apoptosis through regulating VEGFR and c-Met/apoptotic signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]