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The tracking of carbon and aerosol co-emissions is essential for environmental management. Satellite-based atmospheric synoptic observation networks provide large-scale and multifaceted data to help resolve emission behaviors. This study employs a comprehensive analysis of atmospheric dynamics, combustion byproducts, and aerosol characteristics around power plants. Strong correlations between Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) at 500 nm and the column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of carbon dioxide (XCO2) were observed, revealing synchronous peaks in their emission patterns. The investigation into combustion completeness utilized metrics such as the ratio of carbon monoxide (CO)/XCO2 and Black Carbon Extinction (BCEXT)/Total Aerosol Extinction (TOTEXT). Discrepancies in these ratios across cases suggest variations in combustion efficiency and aerosol characteristics. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) distributions closely mirrored XCO2, indicating consistent emission patterns, while variations in sulfur dioxide (SO2) distributions implied differences in sulfide content in the coal used. The influence of coal composition on AOD/XCO2 ratios was evident, with sulfide content contributing to variations besides combustion efficiency. This multifactorial analysis underscores the complex interplay of combustion completeness, aerosol composition, and coal components in shaping the air quality around power stations. The findings highlight the need for a nuanced understanding of these factors for effective air quality management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring the security of transmitted content is an important task in network communication. Signcryption technology combines signature and encryption operations in a single step to achieve message authentication and confidentiality. In practical applications, users are usually in different cryptographic systems, the ordinary signcryption technology cannot realize communication between two different cryptographic systems. And the ciphertext structure of the existing signcryption schemes is relatively complex, signcryption is not efficient. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of efficient communication between different cryptosystems and ensure quantum security, this paper proposes a lattice-based efficient heterogeneous signcryption scheme for secure network communications. This signcryption scheme accomplishes signcryption through matrix operations and hash functions, which avoids complex signcryption structures, efficiently realizes bidirectional message communication between identity-based cryptosystems and certificateless cryptosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Machine learning methods have shown promise in accurately identifying small lung nodules. However, further exploration is needed to fully harness the potential of machine learning in distinguishing between benign and malignant nodules. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a ResNet50-Ensemble Voting model for detecting the nature (benign or malignant) of small pulmonary nodules (less than 20 mm) based on CT images. This study involved 834 CT imaging data from 396 patients with small pulmonary nodules. CT image features were extracted using ResNet50 and VGG16 algorithms, and classification was performed using XGBoost, SVM, and Ensemble Voting techniques, incorporating ten different combinations of machine learning classifiers. Among the models tested, the ResNet50-Ensemble Voting algorithm demonstrated the highest performance in the test set, achieving an accuracy of 0.943 (0.938, 0.948), with sensitivity and specificity values of 0.964 and 0.911, respectively. The implementation of machine learning models, particularly the ResNet50-Ensemble Voting approach, showed excellent performance in accurately identifying benign and malignant small pulmonary nodules (less than 20 mm) from diverse sources. These models have the potential to assist doctors in accurately diagnosing the nature of early-stage lung nodules in clinical practice. Background: The early detection of benign and malignant lung tumors enabled patients to diagnose lesions and implement appropriate health measures earlier, dramatically improving lung cancer patients' quality of living. Machine learning methods performed admirably when recognizing small benign and malignant lung nodules. However, exploration and investigation are required to fully leverage the potential of machine learning in distinguishing between benign and malignant small lung nodules. Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the ResNet50-Ensemble Voting model for detecting the benign and malignant nature of small pulmonary nodules (<20 mm) based on CT images. Methods: In this study, 834 CT imaging data from 396 patients with small pulmonary nodules were gathered and randomly assigned to the training and validation sets in an 8:2 ratio. ResNet50 and VGG16 algorithms were utilized to extract CT image features, followed by XGBoost, SVM, and Ensemble Voting techniques for classification, for a total of ten different classes of machine learning combinatorial classifiers. Indicators such as accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were used to assess the models. The collected features are also shown to investigate the contrasts between them. Results: The algorithm we presented, ResNet50-Ensemble Voting, performed best in the test set, with an accuracy of 0.943 (0.938, 0.948) and sensitivity and specificity of 0.964 and 0.911, respectively. VGG16-Ensemble Voting had an accuracy of 0.887 (0.880, 0.894), with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.952 and 0.784, respectively. Conclusion: Machine learning models that were implemented and integrated ResNet50-Ensemble Voting performed exceptionally well in identifying benign and malignant small pulmonary nodules (<20 mm) from various sites, which might help doctors in accurately diagnosing the nature of early-stage lung nodules in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macroautophagy/autophagy is critically involved in the process of salivary gland (SG) diseases such as xerostomia, which has a serious impact on quality of life. KRT14+ progenitor cells are found to be the main progenitors for maintaining the ductal homeostasis of the submandibular SGs. In this study, we investigated the role of ATG5 in SG KRT14+ cells in mice and humans. Human labial salivary glands (LSG) from primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) and non‐pSS patients (normal), and submandibular glands (SMG) from Atg5flox/flox; Krt14‐Cre (cKO) mice were used. ATG5+KRT14+ and p62+KRT14+ cells were detected by immunofluorescence staining in LSG. TUNEL, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and western blot were performed to detect cell death in SMG. Saliva was collected in 12‐week‐old (12 W) and 32‐week‐old (32 W) mice, then the concentration of calcium and buffering capacity were detected to analyze the function of SG. We found that LSG from pSS patients showed increased p62 and decreased ATG5 in KRT14+ cells. We further revealed that in 32 W, (1) the function of salivary glands was significantly impaired in cKO mice, (2) cell death increased in cKO mice, but cl‐Caspase 3 was not significantly changed, and (3) cleaved gasdermin D increased and was highly expressed in KRT14+ cells of cKO mice. After applying a pyroptosis inhibitor to 32 W mice, the reduced saliva flow rate was rescued. In addition, pyroptosis was also found in KRT14+ cells of pSS patients. Collectively, our results indicate that Atg5 deficiency would induce pyroptosis in mice SG, which could lead to functional impairments of SG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Arterial stiffness, glycemic control and blood pressure are risk factors of macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the combined association of arterial stiffness, glycemic control and hypertension status with the occurrence of diabetic macrovascular complication. Methods: A total of 1870 patients of diabetes were enrolled from Beijing Health Management Cohort between 2008 and 2018 as baseline, and then followed for macrovascular complication onset. We proposed a composite risk score (0–4) by arterial stiffness severity, pool glycemic control and hypertension status. Cox model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The mean age (SD) of this population was 59.90 (12.29) years. During a median follow-up of 4.0 years, 359 (19.2%) patients developed macrovascular complication. Compared to the normal arterial stiffness and good glycemic control group, patients with severe arterial stiffness and pool glycemic control had the highest risk of macrovascular complications (HR: 2.73; 95% CI: 1.42–5.25). Similarly, those of severe arterial stiffness and hypertension had the highest risk (HR: 2.69; 95% CI: 1.61–4.50). Patients of the composite score > 2 had a significantly increased risk of macrovascular complication. Conclusion: This study suggested the clinical importance of combined evaluation of arterial stiffness, glycemic control and hypertension status for the risk stratification and management of macrovascular complication of type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we fabricated a biaxially stretchable light-emitting diode (LED) display based on a wavy structured-metal electrode grid packaged together with LED chips. The micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication process was utilized to fabricate the wavy-structured metal connections and rigid islands. The resulting LED display can be readily bent, rolled, stretched and even washed with no degradation of its image quality. Here at least 1000 stretching cycles at a 10% strain can be tolerated. This work demonstrated the potential of inorganic materials as stretchable displays and MEMS compatible processes which can be used as stretchable electronics fabrication processes. [2022-0029] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Fe-13 with a Si/Al ratio of 6.9 exhibited optimal NH 3 -SCR activity. • Fe-13 with a Si/Al ratio of 17.5 displayed excellent hydrothermal stability. • Above 200 °C, Fe-13(6.9) had a higher reaction rate than the other two samples. • Above 200 °C, Fe-13(17.5)-800 demonstrated the fastest reaction rate. • The Si/Al ratio has an impact on the NH 3 -SCR reaction mechanism of Fe-13. Fe-SSZ-13 (Fe-13) is an effectual catalyst for NO x abatement with extensive application potential in the selective reduction of NO x by NH 3 (NH 3 -SCR). It is necessary to further research and expand the fundamental knowledge of Fe-13 catalysts. In this research, Fe-13 zeolites possessing Si/Al ratios of 6.9, 12.0, and 17.5 were prepared. Fe-13(6.9) showed excellent catalytic activity because it had a larger number of isolated Fe3+ ions and well-dispersed Fe species. Upon hydrothermal aging, the Fe-13(6.9) catalyst diminished significantly in catalytic activity. Among the three, Fe-13(17.5) exhibited the best hydrothermal stability. It is because Fe-13, possessing a higher Si/Al ratio, had fewer Si OH Al bonds but more Si(0Al) structures. Thus, Fe-13(17.5) suffered less structural collapse during hydrothermal aging, leading to a smaller decrease in active isolated Fe3+ ions and acid sites, as well as a lower aggregation of Fe species. Moreover, above 200 °C, Fe-13(6.9) exhibited a higher reaction rate compared to Fe-13(12.0) and Fe-13(17.5), and the SCR reaction route of Fe-13(6.9) was distinctly different from that of the other two catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Private science and technology enterprises are the main force in building a high-level innovative province in Zhejiang, and are also the driving force for the province's high-quality integration into the Yangtze River Delta. At present, the integration of private science and technology enterprises in Zhejiang into the Yangtze River Delta has problems such as low integration ratio, high integration difficulty, low integration level, and insufficient integration confidence. The causes of the problem mainly include the concept bottlenecks and capacity limitations of private technology companies, the institutional dilemma of cooperation between regional governments and regional business environment synergy is not high, the role of non-governmental organizations is not fully developed. To create a powerful engine that drives private technology enterprises to deeply participate in the development of the Yangtze River Delta, it should be built and strengthened from the perspective of the main role of enterprises themselves, the role of government guidance, industry associations, and other non-governmental organizations to play the role of service coordination and supervision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Private science and technology enterprises are the main force in building a high-level innovative province in Zhejiang, and are also the driving force for the province's high-quality integration into the Yangtze River Delta. At present, the integration of private science and technology enterprises in Zhejiang into the Yangtze River Delta has problems such as low integration ratio, high integration difficulty, low integration level, and insufficient integration confidence. The causes of the problem mainly include the concept bottlenecks and capacity limitations of private technology companies, the institutional dilemma of cooperation between regional governments and regional business environment synergy is not high, the role of non-governmental organizations is not fully developed. To create a powerful engine that drives private technology enterprises to deeply participate in the development of the Yangtze River Delta, it should be built and strengthened from the perspective of the main role of enterprises themselves, the role of government guidance, industry associations, and other non-governmental organizations to play the role of service coordination and supervision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The association between visceral adiposity index (VAI) and diabetic complications has been reported in cross-sectional studies, while the effect of VAI on complication development remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the longitudinal association of VAI and Chinese VAI (CVAI) with the incidence of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy using a Chinese cohort. Methods: A total of 8 948 participants with type 2 diabetes from Beijing Health Management Cohort were enrolled during 2013–2014, and followed until December 31, 2019. Nephropathy was confirmed by urine albumin/creatinine ratio and estimated glomerular filtration rate; retinopathy was diagnosed using fundus photograph. Results: The mean (SD) age was 53.35 (14.66) years, and 6 154 (68.8%) were men. During a median follow-up of 4.82 years, 467 participants developed nephropathy and 90 participants developed retinopathy. One-SD increase in VAI and CVAI levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of nephropathy, and the adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were 1.127 (95% CI 1.050–1.210) and 1.165 (95% CI 1.003–1.353), respectively. On contrary, VAI and CVAI level were not associated with retinopathy after adjusting confounding factors. Conclusion: VAI and CVAI are independently associated with the development of nephropathy, but not retinopathy in Chinese adults with diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial nitrogen fixation is emerging as a promising approach for synthesis of ammonia at mild conditions. Inspired by biological nitrogen fixation based on bacteria containing iron, zinc doped Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles are proposed as an efficient and earth abundant electrocatalyst for converting N 2 to NH 3. In neutral media, it achieves a maximum Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 10.4% and a large NH 3 yield rate of 15.1 μg h−1 mg−1 cat. at −0.5 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode. This catalyst also exhibits excellent selectivity and stability. Theoretical calculations suggest the reaction follows the associative enzymatic mechanism and it has a barrier of as low as 0.68 eV. • Zn–Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles for Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation to Ammonia are prepared. • Oxygen vacancy is beneficial to boost performance of nitrogen reduction reaction. • Zn–Fe 2 O 3 shows excellent stability and selectivity. • Theoretical calculations indicate an enzymatic reaction path for this catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing penetration of renewable energies in modern power grids, large amounts of voltage source converters (VSCs) have been installed, resulting in many new transient issues. Electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation plays an essential role in investigating and solving the issues. However, simulation efficiency plunges when object grids contain multiple VSCs, because each switching event incurs modification or re-decomposition of the network matrix in traditional EMT programs, which is very time-consuming. Thus, this paper proposes a VSC model represented by pulse voltage-current source pairs. Accordingly, a unidirectional loosely-coupled solving algorithm is designed. Synthetically, the authors propose a novel EMT simulation approach adaptive to systems with multiple VSCs. The proposed approach keeps the computational network invariable while sufficiently considers detailed switching events, thereby significantly improving the simulation efficiency of the EMTP program without precision loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to the extended light absorption, the effective spatial charge separation is a crucial factor for highly efficient metal-oxide semiconductor-based photocatalysts. Herein, a rational design of metal-semiconductor-metal nano heterostructure for enhancing photocatalytic performance is proposed. The semiconductor nanoparticles are integrated with two metals in one single nano heterostructure. The disordered layers are induced on the surface of TiO 2 to promote the light absorption capacity. More importantly, the n-n+ junction is fabricated at the contact region between crystalline TiO 2 (n-TiO 2) and disordered layers (n+-TiO 2). Besides, the Schottky diode and Ohmic contact are formed on n-TiO 2 and n+-TiO 2 , respectively. As a result, the existence of multi-junctions leads to the formation of multiple continuous built-in electric fields, thus remarkably accelerating the spatial separation of charge carriers. The resulting nano heterostructure with multi-junctions (Pt–TiO 2 –H–Ag) exhibits remarkably promoted photocatalytic performance. The maximum hydrogen generation rate of Pt–TiO 2 –H–Ag under solar illumination (18001.0 μmol/h/g) is 8.3, 9.3, and 1.5 times superior to that of Pt-loaded P25 (Pt–P25), Pt loaded TiO 2 (Pt–TiO 2), and hydrogenated Pt–TiO 2 (Pt–TiO 2 –H), respectively. Moreover, the photocatalytic performance under visible illumination is significantly enhanced by Pt–TiO 2 –H–Ag. Specifically, the H 2 generation rate of Pt–TiO 2 –H–Ag (2382.7 μmol/h/g) is about 15.1, 17.2, and 1.4 times higher than that of Pt–P25, Pt–TiO 2 , and Pt–TiO 2 –H, respectively. The corresponding apparent quantum efficiency of Pt–TiO 2 –H–Ag is 15.8% (420 nm). The nano heterostructure with multi-junctions also exhibits excellent stability after five cycles, remaining hydrogen evolution rates of 15581.5 and 2211.4 μmol/h/g under solar and visible illumination, respectively. This effective and controllable manufacturing strategy could provide new opportunities to simultaneously extend optical absorption and facilitate the spatial charge separation and transport of wide-bandgap metal-oxide semiconductors. Image 1 • TiO 2 nano heterostructure with multi-junctions was fabricated. • Schottky diode, n-n+ junction, and Ohmic contact were formed on TiO 2 nanoparticles. • The multiple continuous built-in electric fields boosted the spatial charge separation. • The disordered layers induced by hydrogenation enhanced the light absorption capacity. • The apparent quantum efficiency of 15.8% (420 nm) was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TiO 2 mesocrystals have been considered as an efficient photocatalyst due to the effective charge transport. Introducing hydroxyls in TiO 2 is respected to reduce the energy barrier of hydrogen formation. Herein, a simple one-step fabrication of highly self-hydroxylated TiO 2 mesocrystals (MCs) for enhancing photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is proposed. TiO 2 single crystals (SCs), polycrystals (PCs) and MCs are obtained via regulating the pH of the precursor during hydrothermal treatment. Results indicate that the moderate alkaline condition is favorable for the synthesis of highly self-hydroxylated TiO 2 MCs. Compared with SCs, PCs and commercial P25 TiO 2 nanoparticles, MCs exhibit the best photocatalytic activity in H 2 evolution. Specifically, the maximum hydrogen evolution rate under solar light illumination (22.8 mmol/h/g) is 10.5 times higher than that of P25. Moreover, the MCs exhibit excellent catalytic stability and the hydrogen evolution rate can be maintained at 20.8 mmol/h/g under solar illumination after five cycles of reactions. The highly self-hydroxylated TiO 2 MCs are constructed from crystallographically oriented nanocrystals with abundant hydroxyls. The unique superstructure and large surface area of MCs enable the effective charge separation and transport. Moreover, the high density of hydroxyls can reduce the recombination rate of photo-generated free charges and energy barrier for hydrogen formation while facilitate light absorption. The synthesis of highly self-hydroxylated TiO 2 MCs and the underlying mechanism offer interesting insights for modifying the structure and properties of TiO 2 towards high-performance hydrogen evolution. Image 1 • Highly self-hydroxylated TiO 2 mesocrystals are obtained by one-step fabrication. • The moderate alkaline condition leads to mesocrystalline and abundant hydroxyls. • 10.5 times higher H 2 evolution activity under solar light is achieved. • The mesocrystals facilitate the separation and transport of carriers. • Hydroxyls reduce recombination rate of carriers and energy barrier for H 2 formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a facile and controllable strategy to synthesize self‐hydroxylated TiO2 nanocrystals with promoted photocatalytic activity in hydrogen evolution is demonstrated. Various colors (yellow, light yellow, blueish gray and gray) in appearance are induced by controlling the molar ratio of titanium source to oxidant during the hydrothermal treatment. Compared with commercial P25 TiO2 nanoparticles, the as‐obtained self‐hydroxylated TiO2 nanocrystals exhibit better photocatalytic performance in H2 evolution. Specifically, the maximum hydrogen evolution rate under solar light illumination (10.0 mmol/h/g) is 4.6 times superior to that of P25. The characterization results confirm the presence of abundant hydroxyls resulting from the hydrothermal treatment, which decreases the recombination rate of carriers and the energy barrier of hydrogen formation while facilitates light absorption for promoting photocatalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pollution and its governing problem have drawn the world’s extremely attention. To study the sensitivities of different governing methods, we formulate a dynamic system which is analyzed through two cases of noncooperation and with-cooperation among the enterprises and the government. The dynamic system describes the influences caused by the pollution control investment, the time delay of the abatement investment and the degree of the cooperation between the government and the enterprise. At last, we solve the optimal control problem based on turnpike theorem. It is shown that the economic output in a country could affect the steady state of the pollutant emissions. Moreover, the threshold value of time delay that the society can accept on the pollution control investment is non-integer. Furthermore, the environmental policies’ implementation could remedy the polluting weakness of the countries with higher economic outputs. Finally, we solve the optimal control problem in the G-P model through education promoting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) play a critical role in the future energy Internet pattern. Therefore, proper models for the simulation of complex systems with multiple MMCs are required. This study proposes a simplified equivalent model (SEM) based on the implicit trapezoidal method and Thevenin equivalent. The model can accurately simulate arm voltages of the MMC and is thus capable of simulating system‐level transients after faults and disturbances, circulating currents and subsynchronous oscillation components. Subsequently, a hybrid model combining SEM and a detailed equivalent model (DEM) is built to improve the overall simulation speed in scenarios where submodule‐level transients are mixed with system‐level ones. Finally, this study notes that the major difference between DEM and SEM results only from the voltage‐balancing cycle. An experiential formula is given to regulate SEM when the voltage‐balancing cycle is large, where the difference may become obvious/insufferable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, electrochemiluminescence (ECL) luminophor Ru(bpy) 3 2+ was encapsulated in 3D CuNi oxalate and the synthesized metal-inorganic frameworks {[Ru(bpy) 3 ][Cu 2x Ni 2(1−x) (ox) 3 ]} n (Ru/Cu/Ni) exhibited excellent and stable ECL signals, which could be decreased by polyethylenimine capped graphene oxide (GO-PEI). Based on this, a new sandwich ECL immunosensor was developed for detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). To capture primary antibody and second antibody more simply and efficiently, Ag nanoparticles were doped with Ru/Cu/Ni and GO-PEI. After a sandwich-type immunoreaction, a remarkable decrease of ECL signal was observed due to the release of Ru(bpy) 3 2+ which was caused by the coordination between PEI and metal ions. Under the optimization of determination conditions, a linear response range for CEA from 0.1 pg mL −1 to 100 ng mL −1 was obtained, and the detection limit was calculated to be 0.027 pg mL −1 (S/N=3). The prepared CEA immunosensor displayed high sensitivity, excellent stability and good specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the detection of tumor specific growth factor (TSGF). Reduced graphene oxide-tetraethylene pentamine (rGO-TEPA) was used to modify the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Meanwhile, Ag@CeO 2 nanocomposite was synthesized and applied as secondary-antibody (Ab 2 ) labels for the fabrication of the immunosensor. The amperometric response of the immunosensor for the reduction of H 2 O 2 was recorded. Simultaneously, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to characterize the fabrication process of the immunosensor. The anti-TSGF primary antibody (Ab 1 ) was immobilized onto the rGO-TEPA modified GCE via cross-linking with glutaraldehyde (GA). And then the TSGF antigen and Ab 2 -Ag@CeO 2 were modified onto the electrode surface in sequence. Under the optimal conditions, the immunosensor exhibited a wide linear range (0.500–100 pg/mL), a low detection limit (0.2 pg/mL), good reproducibility, acceptable selectivity and excellent stability. The proposed sensing strategy may provide a potential application in the detection of other cancer biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Emotional labor is an important research area, but four key gaps remain regarding outcomes of nonwork strains, explanatory frameworks beyond the conservation of resources theory, adoption of person-centered approaches, and subjects of performers.Methods: By surveying 183 Chinese dance students, we employed cluster analysis to examine the adoption of emotional labor strategies (ie, surface acting, deep acting, and expression of naturally felt emotions) and to explore the outcomes on work strain (ie, emotional exhaustion and reduced flow experience) and nonwork strain (ie, depression and anxiety) with introducing the allostatic load theory as an analytical basis.Results: Four types of emotional workers were identified, namely, flexible regulators (33.33%), authentic regulators (15.85%), display rules compliers (39.34%), and non-regulators (11.48%). Authentic regulators had the lowest emotional exhaustion. Non-regulators had the lowest flow. No differences emerged in depression or anxiety across clusters.Discussion: Findings partially align with past research showing risks of surface acting in terms of emotional exhaustion. However, all three strategies enhanced flow states. Moreover, dancers' work strains did not extend to psychological problems, unlike other professions. Possible explanations include training in emotional regulation and flow states in performing. Practical implications exist for training emotional regulation and fostering flow at work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To evaluate the longitudinal association of remnant cholesterol with the incidence of diabetic nephropathy using a Chinese diabetes cohort.Methods: We included 4237 individuals with type 2 diabetes during 2013-2014 from Beijing Health Management Cohort. Remnant cholesterol was defined by Martin-Hopkins equation. Diabetic nephropathy was confirmed by urine albumin/creatinine ratio and estimated glomerular filtration rate. We calculated the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for incident diabetic nephropathy using adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression.Results: The median [IQR] age was 55 [48, 64] years, and 3 256 (76.8 %) were men. During follow-up, 248 (5.9 %) participants developed diabetic nephropathy. One-SD increase of baseline and average cumulative remnant cholesterol were significantly associated with an increased risk of diabetic nephropathy, and the adjusted HRs were 1.208 (95 % CI: 1.098-1.329) and 1.216 (95 % CI: 1.102-1.341), respectively. Individuals in the highest tertile of baseline and average cumulative remnant cholesterol had a 82.3 % and 87.6 % excess risk of diabetic nephropathy, compared with those in the lowest.Conclusion: Remnant cholesterol is independently associated with incident diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work designs a competitive consumption strategy of surface electron donor and light absorption for quenching the photocurrent of ZnSnO 3 nanocubes/BiOI nanoarrays/polydopamine (ZnSnO 3 NCs/BiOI NAs/PDA) as a photoactive material. This material can be formed on electrode surface by successive coating and deposition to provide a substrate for immobilization of capture antibody, and producing strong photocurrent in the presence of ascorbate acid as a surface electron donor due to the well matching structure of band gaps between ZnSnO 3 NCs and BiOI NAs, the excellent light absorption ability and high photo-electron conversion efficiency of BiOI NAs and PDA, and the accelerated electron transfer. Using ascorbate oxidase loaded dopamine-melanin nanosphere (DAM-AAO) as a label of the signal (secondary) antibody, the sandwich-type immunoreaction leads to dual photocurrent quenching of the label through the competitive consumption of ascorbate acid with enzymatic oxidation and the light absorption by DAM nanosphere. Thus, a sensitive "On-Off" photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensing method is constructed for the analysis of neuron specific enolase (NSE). The proposed method shows a detection range of 0.1 pg/mL −50 ng/mL and a detection limit of 0.03 pg/mL. The excellent performance and the recovery text demonstrated the practicability of the designed strategy and label in immunoassay of different protein biomarkers. [Display omitted] • A photocurrent quenching strategy by competitive consumption of surface electron donor and light absorption is proposed. • The novel strategy has been used for construction of photoelectrochemical immunosensing method. • ZnSnO3 nanocubes/BiOI nanoarrays/polydopamine as photoactive material shows enhanced sensitive photocurrent signal. • The proposed method for NSE shows a linear range of 0.1 pg/mL −20 ng/mL and a detection limit of 0.03 pg/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A quenching-typed electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensing method was proposed for protein detection by the redox reaction of tungsten-based polyoxometalate nanoclusters (W-POM NCs) with free radical (O 2 •–) as the intermediate of co-reactant H 2 O 2. The immunosensor was constructed by co-immobilizing luminol loaded CeVO 4 /Au nanohybrids and capture antibody on an indium tin oxide electrode, which showed strong ECL emission in the presence of H 2 O 2 due to the catalysis of CeVO 4 /Au toward its electro-oxidation to produce O 2 •– via the reversible conversion between Ce3+ and Ce4+. The W-POM NCs were encapsulated in the uniformly sized amino-silica nanosphere (SiO 2) to act as a label (W-POM@SiO 2) of the secondary antibody. Upon the sandwich-typed immunoreactions with the target, the W-POM NCs were introduced onto the immunosensor surface to reduce O 2 •–, and thus quenched the ECL emission of luminol-H 2 O 2 system. Using neuron-specific enolase (NSE) as a target, the proposed method showed a detection limit of 0.19 pg/mL and detectable range of 0.5 pg/mL to 18 ng/mL. The excellent performance of the proposed "ON-OFF" strategy demonstrated that the W-based quenching offers an effective tag for immunoassay of protein biomarkers. [Display omitted] • An ECL immunosensing method is proposed using tungsten-based quencher as signal tag. • The tag can efficiently quench the ECL emission of Lu-CeVO 4 /Au/H 2 O 2 via the consumption of O 2.•−. • This immunoassay method for NSE shows good operability and high sensitivity with a LOD of 0.19 pg/mL. • The quenching effect offers an effective tag for immunoassay of protein biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intramolecular Heck reaction is a well-established strategy for natural product total synthesis. When constructing large rings, this reaction is also referred to as Heck macrocyclization, which has proved a viable avenue to access diverse naturally occurring macrocycles. Less noticed but likewise valuable, it has created novel macrocycles of non-natural origin that neither serve as nor derive from natural products. This review presents a systematic account of the title reaction in forging this non-natural subset of large rings, thereby addressing a topic rarely covered in the literature. Walking through two complementary sections, namely (1) drug discovery research and (2) synthetic methodology development, it demonstrates that beyond the well-known domain of natural product synthesis, Heck macrocyclization also plays a remarkable role in forming synthetic macrocycles, in particular macrocyclic drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eukaryotic elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) canonically delivers amino acyl tRNA to the ribosomal A site during the elongation stage of protein biosynthesis. Yet paradoxically, the oncogenic nature of this instrumental protein has long been recognized. Consistently, eEF1A has proven to be targeted by a wide assortment of small molecules with excellent anticancer activity, among which plitidepsin has been granted approval for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Meanwhile, metarrestin is currently under clinical development for metastatic cancers. Bearing these exciting advances in mind, it would be desirable to present a systematic up-to-date account of the title topic, which, to the best of our knowledge, has thus far been unavailable in the literature. The present review summarizes recent advances in eEF1A-targeting anticancer agents, both naturally occurring and synthetically crafted, with regard to their discovery or design, target identification, structure–activity relationship, and mode of action. Their structural diversity and differential eEF1A-targeting mechanisms warrant continuing research in pursuit of curing eEF1A-driven malignancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the vertical distribution of the aerosol optical parameters over Jinhua City, southeast China, a Dual-wavelength Mie Polarization Raman Lidar (DMPRL) system was operated to obtain the atmospheric backscattering signals from June 2013 to May 2014. Profiles of aerosol occurrence frequency and aerosol optical parameters, including backscattering ratio, particle depolarization ratio, and color ratio, were retrieved from the lidar signals. The cases with a cloud base below 6 km and profiles on rainy days were eliminated. The multi-layer vertical aerosol structure was found in Jinhua area and the altitude-resolved optical properties varies with seasons. In autumn, winter and spring, the aerosol layer occurrence frequencies were higher than summer at 3–6 km, especially in spring. The mean particle depolarization ratio at 4–6 km exceeded 0.1 in autumn, winter, and spring, whereas it was <0.05 in summer. Aerosol with high color ratios appeared at 0–2 km in autumn. The analysis of one-year backward trajectories exhibits a dust dominating aerosol layer at 4–6 km in autumn, winter, and spring, a partially sea salt dominating aerosol layer at 0–2 km in autumn and a partially dust aerosol layer at 0–2 km in winter. Six cases were used to study the influence of aerosol advection and local sources vertical aerosol properties distribution. Through our analysis, aerosols at different altitudes are influenced by different sources, which are important for understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of aerosol layers over Jinhua. The vertical distribution of aerosol properties in Jinhua area is affected by locally emitted aerosol , transported dust and ocean aerosol. • Multi-layer aerosol with corresponding properties observed by lidar over Jinhua. • High occurrences of aerosol layers were found at 3–6 km except summer. • Source-related aerosol vertical distribution dominated especially at 4–6 km. • Larger particles with high color ratios appeared at 0–2 km in autumn. • Regional and transported source aerosols affected the vertical aerosol properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A benign thermal stress in solid oxide fuel cell is of great importance for its stability and the interfaces between different components suffer from unexpected risks of instability such as electrode delamination and crack due to varying thermal expansion coefficients. Besides, chromium poisoning cathode materials leads to phase changes, which possibly induces thermal stresses at the interface of electrolyte and cathode. A three dimensional model at the microscale level is thus developed to unravel the effect of thermal stress on the interface. The model is constructed by governing equations including heat, species, momentum, ion and electronic transportation. The contact modes between the active cathode and electrolyte are studied to reveal the cell performance and thermal stresses, which are strongly related to the number of contact sites and the contact area. Moreover, chromium poisoning the contact causes the disordered distribution of thermal stresses with the increase of the contact sites, worsening the cell current density and durability. The resulting conclusions are expected to offer a solution to avoid possible fatal mechanical failure due to unfavorable interface design and chromium attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• One-pot carbonization approach was proposed to prepare γ-Fe 2 O 3 /Fe/carbon composite. • The metallic Fe plays an important role in improving the electrochemical properties. • The γ-Fe 2 O 3 /Fe/carbon composite shows high capacity and good cycling stability. A novel one-pot carbonization approach was proposed to prepare γ-Fe 2 O 3 /Fe/carbon composite. The amorphous carbon, which was formed by carbonizing organic ligands, acted as the reducing agent in the formation of metallic Fe under an appropriate temperature. The combination of the amorphous carbon with the metallic Fe greatly enhances the stability and electronic conductivity of the composites, resulting in extremely high-rate capability (640 mAhg−1 at 4000 mAg−1) and outstanding cycling performance (96.7% at 200 mAg−1 after 200 cycles). The γ-Fe 2 O 3 /Fe/carbon composite can be considered as a potential high capacity anode for next generation Lithium-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A flexible dynamic model and a universal networking method of gas networks. • Fully and quantitatively discussions on model accuracy and its influence factors. • Simple application evaluation by a practical energy internet case. • The model is easy to implement and can greatly enhance simulation speed. • The model is particularly fit for studies of gas-electricity coupling. The couplings between different types of energy networks are receiving increasing attention, especially in distribution networks. One of the fundamental topics of interest is the dynamic coupling between power grids and gas networks. To study dynamics in gas pipelines and the interaction between gas networks and electric power grids, dynamic modeling of gas networks gives the foundation. Commercial software is available and mature, but has flaws: (1) time-consuming simulation and complex implementation, and (2) the interface to electric power grids is not friendly. In this paper, transfer functions (TFs) are used to model a single pipeline. To model a gas network with multiple pipelines, a universal networking method is proposed. The accuracy of transfer function models are thoroughly examined under step and sinusoidal excitations, and the influence factors of accuracy is investigated. The adaptability of TF models is then quantitated by reference curves. Finally, the proposed modeling approach is applied in analyzing a gas-electricity system to test its capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cathode layer of surface dielectric barrier discharge plasma is investigated experimentally by using the surface potential measurement under different bias voltages. Positive charge accumulation is found near the edge of the exposed electrode (x = 0 mm) under negative DC bias voltage. In addition, the plasma electromotive force (EMF) distribution curve near the edge of the exposed electrode diverges with the negative DC bias voltage. These phenomena are in good agreement with the conclusion that the cathode layer shows positive potential in time average. Five actuators with different exposed electrode widths are designed to study the relationship between the cathode layer and the mechanical properties of the actuator. With the widening of the exposed electrode, the positive charges in the cathode layer increase, and the plasma EMF divergence is more pronounced. However, the thrust force decreases. Moreover, the variation of thrust force with DC bias voltage is consistent with the change of the plasma EMF. The experimental results show that the narrow-exposed electrode actuator for the cathode layer with a small size and low number of positive ions has better mechanical properties. By analysis, this is mainly due to the lower number of positive ions of the cathode layer, producing less shielding from the applied voltage. More electrons are emitted from the cathode layer. This paper provides a method for the detection and study of the cathode layer. In addition, it can provide insight into how the cathode layer affects the development of thrust force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the electromagnetic transient (EMT) and transient stability (TS) hybrid simulation, the entire power system is artificially split into two sub-grids, and sub-grids interact with each other via an interface. Thus interface distortions emerge, including latency and errors. The influence of interface latency is quantitated based on a demo circuit containing delayed interaction. Moreover, the principles of improving hybrid simulation interface accuracy are concluded. Inspired by the principles, a novel interface displacement (ID) and dynamic phasor mapping equivalence (DP-ME) interface scheme is proposed. The scheme makes sub-grids at opposite sides of an interface loosely coupled and avoids interface variable form conversion by applying two techniques. 1) Displacement of the partition interface from the converter buses to the control loops and interior of the EMT sub-grid to utilize the built-in inertias. 2) Construction of the DP-ME model to calculate the injected power from EMT to TS sub-grid. Tests based on designed cases and an actual HVAC/DC power grid give credibility to the proposed ID & DP-ME scheme in comparison with full electromagnetic simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The hippocampus consists of histologically and functionally distinct subfields, which shows differential vulnerabilities to Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated pathological changes. Objective: To investigate the atrophy patterns of the main hippocampal subfields in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD and the relationships among the hippocampal subfield volumes, plasma biomarkers and cognitive performance. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 119 patients stratified into three categories: normal cognition (CN; N = 40), MCI (N = 39), and AD (N = 40). AD-related plasma biomarkers were measured, including amyloid-β (Aβ)42, Aβ40, Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, p-tau181, and p-tau217, and the hippocampal subfield volumes were calculated using automated segmentation and volumetric procedures implemented in FreeSurfer. Results: The subiculum body, cornu ammonis (CA) 1-head, CA1-body, CA4-body, molecular_layer_HP-head, molecular_layer_HP-body, and GC-ML-DG-body volumes were smaller in the MCI group than in the CN group. The subiculum body and CA1-body volumes accurately distinguished MCI from CN (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.647–0.657). The subiculum-body, GC-ML-DG-body, CA4-body, and molecular_layer_HP-body volumes accurately distinguished AD from MCI (AUC = 0.822–0.833) and AD from CN (AUC = 0.903–0.905). The p-tau 217 level served as the best plasma indicator of AD and correlated with broader hippocampal subfield volumes. Moreover, mediation analysis demonstrated that the subiculum-body volume mediated the associations between the p-tau217 and p-tau181 levels, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Auditory Verbal Learning Test recognition scores. Conclusions: Hippocampal subfields with distinctive atrophy patterns may mediate the effects of tau pathology on cognitive function. The subiculum-body may be the most clinically meaningful hippocampal subfield, which could be an effective target region for assessing disease progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multipath is the dominant error source for most fixed Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) sites and stations. The presence of multipath, particularly the multipath effect on pseudorange measurement, seriously affects positioning accuracy. Unfortunately, multipath effect reduction is still a challenging issue in high-accuracy GNSS positioning applications due to its special properties. To minimize the impact of the multipath effect, this paper focused on pseudorange multipath mitigation. First, the frequency spectrum of the code-minus-carrier divergence (CMCD) for Global Positioning System (GPS), Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), and BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) satellites observed in different environments were analyzed, where we found that periodic fluctuations appeared in GPS and GLONASS as well as medium earth orbit (MEO) and inclined geosynchronous satellite orbit (IGSO) of BDS satellites in some situations, which manifested as peaks in the frequency domain. The results showed that the location of the frequency peaks in the frequency domain, width, and basic frequency spectrum intensity were different between different satellites and environments, causing difficulty in reducing the error impact. To eliminate such period fluctuations mainly caused by the multipath effect, a novel method based on a frequency domain filter was proposed in this paper. One of the keys of the proposed method was the use of short-time Fourier transformation (STFT) in the GNSS signal data processing to calculate the accurate local frequency spectrum when code-minus-carrier divergence (CMCD) was assumed to be time varying. Once the frequency spectrum was obtained, a new spectrum peak extraction method was used to locate the peak frequency position. By interpolation and inverse Fourier transformation, the influence of the spectrum peaks could be effectively eliminated, thus improving pseudorange precision. The experimental results showed that the periodic multipath effect could be greatly reduced by the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To delay the resistance of pests to Bt cotton producing Cry1Ac, pyramided cotton has been planted to replace Cry1Ac-cotton. However, the resistance mechanism of insects to Cry2Ab is rarely researched. In this study, a Cry2Ab-resistant Helicoverpa armigera strain (96-2Ab60) was selected in laboratory, which had a resistance ratio of 778.84-fold compared to the 96S susceptible strain. Genetic analysis showed that the resistance of 96-2Ab60 strain was controlled by more than one locus, and inheritance mode was incompletely dominant. The Cry2Ab-resistant H. armigera had high cross-resistance to Cry1Ac (284.28-fold), Cry1Fa (282.50-fold), Cry1Aa (> 71.40-fold), Cry2Aa (30.14-fold) toxins, and low cross-resistance to Cry1Ab (9.94-fold) and Cry1Ca (> 8.05-fold), while it had no cross-resistance to abamectin and spinetoram and negative cross-resistance to Vip3Aa toxin (0.14-fold). The fitness costs of 96-2Ab60 resistant strain were evaluated on toxin-free artificial diet, compared with 96S strain, the life table parameters such as pupa survival rate, pupa weight, oviposition period, hatching rate of egg, r, and λ in 96-2Ab60 were significantly decreased, and total pre-oviposition and T were significantly increased. There were obvious fitness costs in 96-2Ab60 strain whose fitness value Rf (0.7341) was lower than that of the 96S strain. The larval mortalities of 96-2Ab60 and 96S fed on either DP33B (single-toxin cotton) or Bollgard II (pyramided cotton) were significantly higher than those fed on non-Bt cotton; however, the mortalities of 96-2Ab60 were obviously reduced compared with 96S. These results indicated that although these two Bt cottons could kill part of 96-2Ab60 larvae, 96-2Ab60 already had resistance to them. These results provide useful information to further understand Cry2Ab resistance mechanism and apply pyramided cotton for managing resistance in H. armigera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental cadmium (Cd) exposure is a serious public health concern, as the kidney is the primary target for Cd exposure. The present study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) in renal fibrosis induced by chronic Cd exposure. Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2 -KO) mice and their wild-type littermates (Nrf2 -WT) were exposed to 100 or 200 ppm Cd in drinking water for up to 16 or 24 weeks. Following the Cd exposures, Nrf2 -KO mice showed elevated urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and BUN levels compared to Nrf2 -WT mice. Masson's trichrome staining and expression of fibrosis-associated proteins revealed that more severe renal fibrosis occurred in Nrf2 -KO than that in Nrf2 -WT mice. Renal Cd content in the Nrf2 -KO mice exposed to 200 ppm Cd was lower than that in Nrf2 -WT mice, which might be a consequence of the severe renal fibrosis in the Nrf2 -KO mice. Mechanistic studies showed that Nrf2 -KO mice exhibited higher levels of oxidative damage, lower antioxidant levels, and more regulated cell death, apoptosis in particular, than those in Nrf2 -WT mice caused by Cd exposure. In conclusion, Nrf2 -KO mice were more prone to develop renal fibrosis induced by chronic Cd exposure, partially due to a weakened antioxidant, detoxification capacity and increased oxidative damage. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The starch‐fatty acid (FA) complex belongs to a new type of resistant starch (RS5) and has become a prevalent research topic because of its slow‐digestion and enzymatic resistance properties. In this study, the starch‐FA complexes were prepared from potato starch (PS) and FAs with various carbon chain lengths and unsaturation by hydrothermal treatment (HT), alcohothermal treatment (AT) or ultrasound treatment (UT), and their physicochemical properties and digestibility were interpreted. The PS‐8% lauric acid (Lau) with the highest complex index value (approximately 95%) and RS content (approximately 31%) was obtained by HT; meanwhile, it had a slow glucose diffusion rate and a low free fatty acid release rate in simulated gastrointestinal digestion compared to native PS. Besides, the V‐type crystalline structure was formed obviously after HT, but it was too weak for AT and UT samples to be detected. The gelatinisation viscosity was reduced due to the physical combination of PS and Lau. Therefore, HT was a relatively efficient and safe approach to prepare starch‐FA complex with high RS content, and the obtained starch‐FA complex has the potential to become an alternative functional food ingredient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change, especially warming temperatures, may increase invasion and modify the ecological impacts of invasive species by enhancing their ability to compete. To test the effects of warming on invasive plants, a mesocosm experiment was conducted to study competition between the invasive plant Egeria densa and the native hygrophyte Sparganium angustifolium under simulated warming conditions in a greenhouse. These two species were grown in monoculture (no competitor control) or mixed culture (competitor control) for two months under different temperature conditions (warming treatment or no-warming treatment). In S. angustifolium, the higher temperatures led to a shorter root length and significantly increased the aboveground traits of ramets, the total biomass, and the RGR (relative growth rate) but had no effect on the aboveground traits of genets. Growth in mixed culture significantly decreased the S. angustifolium ramet height under warmer conditions and significantly reduced the ramet root length, ramet number, genet biomass, root-to-shoot ratio and RGR of S. angustifolium under natural temperature conditions. All the morphological, biomass and growth traits of E. densa except for the root-to-shoot ratio were significantly increased by the warmer temperatures and decreased by growth in mixed culture. The RCI and RII of E. densa in both the no-warming and warmer environments were two and three times greater than those of S. angustifolium, whereas the ACI values for the two species were similar. Thus, S. angustifolium was a better competitor than E. densa under both temperature conditions. These results suggest that although the superior competitive ability of native species can inhibit E. densa growth, the performance of this species will be enhanced under future climate warming in cold regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil fungi play key roles in agricultural ecosystem. Yet, little is currently known about the dynamic pattern and driving factors of the rare and abundant fungal subcommunities in response to the short- and long-term continuous cropping. Here, we comparatively investigated the diversity and structure of rare and abundant fungal subcommunities with varying histories of continuous chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) cropping, that is, cropping for 1 year (CP1), 6 years (CP6) and 12 years (CP12). The alpha diversity (estimated as Shannon index) of abundant and especially rare fungal subcommunities increased with continuous cropping years. The structure of both rare and abundant subcommunities varied notably with the increasing of continuous cropping years, but the value of dissimilarity for rare taxa (average of 0.988) was significantly higher than for abundant taxa (average of 0.243). The abundant taxon Mortierellomycota and rare taxa Nitrospirae and Elusimicrobia were significantly enriched in the CP12 treatment. Soil rare fungal taxa were mainly affected by the available nutrients (i.e., carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus) and pH, while the abundant fungal taxa were majorly influenced by soil total nutrients. The growth indicators (e.g., plant biomass, plant height, and flower diameter) of cut chrysanthemum significantly decreased under 12-year continuous cropping system. Random forest models showed that abundant rather than rare fungi played key roles in the chrysanthemum growth even though the rare fungi were more significantly affected during continuous cropping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stormwater runoff has become a major anthropogenic urban pollution source that threatens water quality. In this study, coagulation-sedimentation, and ammonium ion exchange and regeneration (AIR) modules were coupled as a CAIR system to efficiently treat stormwater runoff. In the coagulation module, 99.3%, 91.7%, and 97.0% of turbidity, total phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand could be removed at an optimized poly-aluminum ferric chloride dosage of 30 mg/L, and the continuous experiment confirmed that the full load mode was more suitable for its rapid start-up. In the AIR module, dynamic ammonium removal indicated that the breakthrough time decreased with the rising initial concentration and superficial velocity. The Modified Dose Response (MDR) model described the ammonium exchange behavior better than the Thomas and the Bohart-Adams models. Then, a design flow of the ion exchange reactor was constructed by correlating constants in the MDR model with engineering parameters, and the ion exchange reactor was designed for continuous operation of the CAIR system. The average concentrations of chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen, and total nitrogen in the effluent of the CAIR system were 7.22 ± 2.26, 0.17 ± 0.05, 1.49 ± 0.01, and 1.62 ± 0.02 mg/L, respectively. The almost unchanged exchange capacity and physicochemical properties after the multicycle operation confirmed the durability of zeolite for ion exchange. Techno-economic analysis suggested that the CAIR system is practically promising for stormwater management with efficient pollutants removal, small footprint, and acceptable operating cost. [Display omitted] • A CAIR system was constructed by coagulation and NH 4 + exchange-regeneration (AIR). • The CAIR efficiently removed particles, COD and nutrients from stormwater runoff. • A design flow for AIR was proposed based on a dynamic model of packed column. • The durability of zeolite for ion exchange was confirmed by multicycle operation. • CAIR proposed by the design flow is inspirable for space-saving stormwater management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen is a critical element closely related to the synthesis of cellular membrane fouling behaviors in membrane bioreactors (MBRs). In this study, a novel pretreatment process by coupling chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) with ammonia nitrogen ion exchange and regeneration (AIR) was proposed to analyze their influences on sludge properties and membrane fouling in MBRs. The MBRs with CEPT and AIR pretreatment obtained the effluent with chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonium nitrogen (NH 4 +-N) levels comparable to the conventional anoxic/aerobic MBR, but with much lower concentrations of total nitrogen (≤3.0 mg/L) and total phosphorous (≤0.15 mg/L). CEPT and AIR remarkably removed particles and soluble proteins from the influent, prohibited EPS secretion by 62.9–79.1% and elevated viscoelasticity of EPS, and thus alleviated membrane fouling. Membrane foulant in the experimental MBRs had unstable EPS structures easily detached, and low biofilm roughness to prevent the adsorption of organic matters. Nitrogen load had significantly positive correlations with EPS contents, viscoelasticity of EPS, and the total filtration resistance. The nitrogen-deficient condition enriched quorum quenching bacteria and microbes surviving retarding EPS production, and inhibited the overgrowth of filamentous bacteria. Therefore, nitrogen separation from wastewater in advance can effectively alleviate membrane fouling and improve pollutant removal in MBRs. [Display omitted] • Wastewater was pretreated by coagulation and NH 4 + exchange – regeneration for MBRs. • Pretreatment removed potential foulants and improved sludge property by reducing EPS. • Membrane foulant in MBRs after pretreatment had unstable structure easily detached. • Nitrogen load was positively correlated with sludge properties and membrane fouling. • Nitrogen pre-separation alleviates membrane fouling and improves pollutant removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a fluoride mediated hydrothermal method is proposed for the synthesis of TiO 2 mesocrystals (MC) exposed by highly reactive facets. These materials are built of TiO 2 nanocrystals with similar crystallographic orientation and the percentage of exposed {001} facet is calculated to be 52%. By adjusting the ratio of fluorine to titanium ( R F ), the structure of TiO 2 products can be accurately regulated. The low R F yields the {001} facets unexposed subsphaeroidal mesocrystals (MC), whereas the sheet-like single crystals (SC) were obtained at the high R F . Owing to the mesocrystalline structure and exposure of highly active facets, MC with {001} facets exhibit superior photocatalytic activity than the {001} unexposed MC and SC in the degradation of methylene blue. The rate constant of the TiO 2 mesocrystals with {001} facets nanocrystals is almost 4 times of the TiO 2 single crystals, and 1.5 times that of the {001} unexposed TiO 2 mesocrystals. The designed fabrication of mesocrystals with exposed reactive facets provides an attractive and effective route for improving the performances of semiconductor photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report herein a practical method for taming Langlois' reagent CF3SO2Na to generate CuSCF3 by a triphenylphospine-mediated deoxygenative reduction process. This chemistry highlights a novel utilization of the inherent CF3S skeleton of Langlois' reagent as a CF3S feedstock under mild conditions. The CuSCF3 intermediate generated by this protocol can react with a wide array of supporting ligands to furnish several air-stable [LCu(SCF3)] complexes as valuable trifluoromethylthiolating agents. In addition, the CuSCF3 intermediate can be directly employed for the trifluoromethylthiolation of (hetero)aryl iodides with operational simplicity and atomic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Age has been found to be the single most significant factor in COVID-19 severity and outcome. However, the age-related severity factors of COVID-19 have not been definitively established. In this study, we detected SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses and infectious disease-related blood indicators in 2360 sera from 783 COVID-19 patients, with an age range of 1–92 years. In addition, we recorded the individual information and clinical symptoms of the patients. We found that the IgG responses for S1, N, and ORF3a and the IgM for NSP7 were associated with severe COVID-19 at different ages. The IgM responses for the S-protein peptides S1-113 (aa 673–684) and S2-97 (aa 1262–1273) were associated with severe COVID-19 in patients aged <60. Furthermore, we found that the IgM for S1-113 and NSP7 may play a protective role in patients aged <60 and >80, respectively. Regarding clinical parameters, we analyzed the diagnostic ability of five clinical parameters for severe COVID-19 in six age groups and identified three-target panel, glucose, IL-6, myoglobin, IL-6, and NT proBNP as the appropriate diagnostic markers for severe COVID-19 in patients aged <41, 41–50, 51–60, 61–70, 71–80, and >80, respectively. The age-associated severity factors revealed here will facilitate our understanding of COVID-19 immunity and diagnosis, and eventually provide meaningful information for combating the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel controlled release system-based homogeneous immunoassay protocol (CRSHIP) was developed for the detection of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA). The positively charged aminated polystyrene microsphere (APSM) used as molecular gate was capped on the pores of the negatively charged antibody-conjugated magnetic mesoporous Fe 3 O 4 (Ab-Fe 3 O 4 ) by electrostatic interaction to achieve encapsulation of toluidine blue (TB). With the addition of SCCA, APSM was replaced from Ab-Fe 3 O 4 due to the specific binding of antibody to antigen, and then the trapped TB was released from the pores. The released TB could be detected by square wave voltammetry and the signal could be correlated with the amount of SCCA. The developed CRSHIP displayed a high current response, a relatively wide linear range (from 0.001 to 4.0 ng/mL) and a low detection limit (0.33 pg/mL) for the detection of SCCA. The method showed high selectivity and good reproducibility. In addition, the CRSHIP provided a simple, fast and sensitive approach for the detection of SCCA in serum sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Deep learning is used to discriminate Pb-Zn deposit types using galena trace elements. • UMAP is used to visualize deep learning internals for 'black box' insights. • SHAP is used to interpret the 'black box' nature of deep learning models. • The approach involves discrimination, visualization, evaluation, and dissection. Different types of ore deposits exhibit distinct metal sources, physicochemical conditions, and ore-forming processes. Galena, a key sulfide in Pb-Zn deposits, possesses trace elements that may be utilized for classifying Pb-Zn deposit types. Presently, research on classifying ore deposit types based on trace elements in galena is sparse, and there is a lack of robust methods for distinguishing Pb-Zn deposit types using these trace elements. In this study, we demonstrate that a deep learning algorithm, based on the trace elements in galena, can be effectively utilized for classifying Pb-Zn deposit types. The model training process utilized UMAP for visualization, and the evaluation was conducted using multiple statistical metrics, confusion matrices, and ROC curves. Finally, by dissecting the 'black box' with the UMAP algorithm, we established a comprehensive set of analysis methods for discriminating deposit types: discrimination-visualization-evaluation-dissection. A dataset comprising 828 LA-ICP-MS analyses of galena from 34 Pb-Zn deposits worldwide was curated from peer-reviewed sources. It includes data on 7 elements (Se, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Tl, and Bi) across 7 deposit types: carbonate replacement deposits (CRD), epithermal, mississippi valley type (MVT), sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX), skarn, volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS), and vein-type deposits. Initially, we selected the UMAP algorithm from three visualization methods (PCA, t-SNE and UMAP), for its ability to balance global and local structures in visualizing the internals of the deep model. Subsequently, we developed a deep learning model (1D-CNN) for deposit type classification. Various evaluation metrics and visual analyses indicate exceptional performance of our model, achieving an overall accuracy of 99.18 % on the test set. Finally, the SHAP algorithm was used to analyze the importance of trace elements in galena for different deposit types. Elements such as Sn, Tl, and Bi were found to be particularly significant in classifying deposit types, confirming the influence of multiple elements in Pb-Zn deposits within galena. Therefore, we conclude that deep learning algorithms can effectively identify Pb-Zn deposit types, offering new insights into the study of galena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Aberrant lipid metabolism is recognized as a key feature of cancer cells. Our initial research on MS‐based analysis of lipids in a multiple myeloma (MM) cell line showed a significant accumulation of lipids in multiple myeloma cells after proteasome inhibition. This finding prompted us to hypothesize that multiple myeloma cell survival depends on the maximal utilization of abnormally accumulated lipids. Therefore, we explored whether lipid metabolism‐modulating agents would synergize with proteasome inhibitors. Experimental Approach Lipid accumulation in multiple myeloma cells was measured by MS. Synergism between lipid regulators and proteasome inhibitors was assessed by cell viability and apoptosis. A novel stable derivative of fenofibrate (FCE) was synthesized and used to treat multiple myeloma cells in vitro and in vivo along with the proteasome inhibitor ixazomib. ChIP‐seq, western blotting and RT‐qPCR were performed to explore the potential mechanism(s) underlying the increase in lipid levels in multiple myeloma cells after proteasome inhibition. Key Results: Accumulation of lipids in multiple myeloma cells was induced by proteasome inhibition. Lipid‐lowering drugs and MG‐132 exerted a synergistic effect to kill multiple myeloma cells. FCE showed significant synergistic activity in vitro and in vivo with ixazomib. The abnormal lipid accumulation in multiple myeloma cells that was enhanced by proteasome inhibitors might be due to the elevated SREBP1/2 expression induced by ATF4. Conclusions and Implications: Our results provide a proof of principle and support for the further clinical evaluation of the combination of lipid‐modulating drugs with proteasome inhibitors in the treatment of multiple myeloma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A CAIRM process was developed by coagulation, NH 4 + exchange – regeneration, and MBR. • CAIRM obtained effluent with 0.3 mg/L NH 4 + and 2.3 mg/L TN within total HRT of 4.6 h. • Long-term operation didn't impair NH 4 + exchange capacity of exchangers. • Membrane fouling was alleviated in MBR with large sludge flocs and good bioactivity. • CAIRM will address insufficient N removal and large footprint of conventional WWTPs. Chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT), ammonium ion exchange and regeneration (AIR) and membrane bioreactor (MBR) were coupled as CAIRM to treat domestic wastewater compactly and efficiently. CAIRM achieved efficient removal of chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus with total hydraulic retention time of 4.6 h, and obtained 2.3 ± 0.9 mg/L TN in the effluent. CEPT removed phosphate and impurities and prevented AIR from pollution. AIR maintained excellent nitrogen removal with a slight decrease in the exchange capacity of ion exchangers. MBR polished the effluent from AIR, and the larger particle size and better dewaterability of sludge mitigated the membrane fouling. Many heterotrophic genera, such as Rhodobacter and Defluviimonas , were enriched in the oligotrophic MBR. This study demonstrates the viability and stability of CAIRM in efficient wastewater treatment, which will address critical challenges in insufficient nitrogen removal and high land occupancy of current processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The Wutuogou Ag-Pb-Zn deposit formed in the Late Triassic (ca. 210 Ma). • The majority of silver is hosted by pyrargyrite, freibergite, and freieslebenite. • Silver precipitation was facilitated by temperatures and f S 2 decreases. • A magmatic-hydrothermal origin is defined for the Wutuogou Ag-Pb-Zn deposit. The Wutuogou Ag-Pb-Zn deposit, a newly discovered vein-type deposit, is located in the Eastern Kunlun Orogenic Belt (EKOB), northwestern China. The vein-type Ag-Pb-Zn ore bodies are hosted in Middle Triassic granodiorite and monzogranite and are characterized by high-grade Ag, Pb, and Zn (average Ag: 293 g/t, Pb: 3.00 %, Zn: 2.85 %). Three paragenetic stages have been recognized: quartz + pyrite (Py-1) + arsenopyrite (stage I), pyrite (Py-2) + sphalerite + chalcopyrite + tetrahedrite + quartz (substage II-1), galena + pyrargyrite + freibergite + freieslebenite + quartz + calcite (substage II-2), and quartz + calcite (stage III). Except for Ag-bearing minerals (pyrargyrite, freibergite, and freieslebenite), invisible silver is also present in pyrite (1.91–165 ppm), sphalerite (3.86–8806 ppm), and galena (up to 0.21 wt%). The calcite is closely associated with sulfides in substage II-2 and yields a U-Pb age of 210 ± 7 Ma (MSWD = 2.7), which represents the ore-forming age (lower limit). Py-1 displays higher As contents and lower Co contents than those of Py-2, indicating a decrease in temperature from stage I to stage II. In addition, the Fe/Zn mass ratios (0.025–0.075) of sphalerite estimate the fluid temperature for substage II-1 of 246–284 °C, whereas the Ag/(Ag + Cu) and Zn/(Zn + Fe) mole ratios of freibergite estimate the fluid temperature for substage II-2 of 140–270 °C, further indicating the decrease of temperature from stage I through substage II-1 to substage II-2. Mineral assemblages of pyrite-chalcopyrite-tetrahedrite in substage II-1 and Ag-sulfosalts in substage II-2 suggest a decrease in sulfur fugacity (f S 2). Both the decrease in f S 2 and cooling of the mineralizing fluids facilitate silver precipitation. The heterogeneous compositions of the freibergite and the Ag zonation in sphalerite (Sp-1) resulted from retrograde solid-state reactions that redistributed Ag through microscale exsolution. The δ 34S values (+5.49 to +7.78 ‰) of the sulfides and the low Zn/Cd ratios (107–195) of sphalerite indicate a felsic magma source for the ore-forming materials. Therefore, we concluded that the Wutuogou Ag-Pb-Zn deposit corresponds to a medium- to low-temperature magmatic-hydrothermal deposit associated with Late Triassic magmatism in the Eastern Kunlun Orogenic Belt (EKOB). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Na 2 O - B 2 O 3 - SiO 2 - H 2 O system hydrated glass with T g ranges from - 10 to 150 ∘ C is synthesized by aqueous chemical methods and is applied to symmetrical cells as quasi-solid electrolyte. At the temperature around T g , the solid state transforms to quasi-solid state, whose mechanical property keeps like gel electrolyte, but the conductivity leaps from 5.31 × 10 - 6 S cm - 1 to 5.43 × 10 - 3 S cm - 1 , much higher than most of the glass–ceramic electrolytes. As most of the solvated water is evaporated, H 2 O left in the system distributes in the intervals as hydroxyl, which is much benefit to the ions transportation, and more important is to increase the voltage window to 2.24 V and even higher. The cycle performance is also researched. After 1000 circulations, there is still 65% capacity retention and no obvious damage is discovered in the electrolyte, which means much better cycle property of the electrolyte than gel electrolyte. Other compositions in the quasi-solid system including different contents of B 2 O 3 , Na 2 SO 4 and m in sodium silicate NaO 2 · mSiO 2 are also studied. In general, quasi-solid Na 2 O - B 2 O 3 - SiO 2 - H 2 O system owns better conductivity and cycle performance than most glass–ceramic solid electrolyte, and it is environment-friendly, inexpensive and practical to be used as sodium ions quasi-solid electrolyte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]