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Surface-active Polymer is a novel multifunctional active polymer for chemical flooding in mature oilfield, and the mechanism of enhancing oil recovery by Surface-active Polymer flooding is to be further studied. Performance of enlarging swept volume for enhancing oil recovery by Surface-active Polymer flooding has been evaluated in this paper. The effect and contribution rate of mobility control of Surface-active Polymer flooding for enhancing oil recovery were tested firstly, and then microscopic experiments on enlarging swept volume based on microetching models have been carried out, and macroscopic evaluation of enlarging swept volume based on heterogeneous models with cores grouped in parallel was carried out. Mobility control effect and plugging by emulsifying make Surface-active Polymer have significant performance of enlarging swept volume. Enlarging swept volume both on the macroscopic and the microscopic is the basic principle of Surface-active Polymer flooding for enhancing oil recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Botanic bioactive substances have issues with their solubility, stability, and oral bioavailability in the application, which could be improved by nanotechnologies. In another hands, green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) with plant extract is also a promising technology for preparation of NPs due to its safety advantage, yet the bioactive botanic substances that could be more than the assistant of the green synthesis of NPs. Based on the above concerns, this review summarized the preparation of botanic NPs with various plant extract, their solubility, stability, and oral bioavailability; specific attention has been paid to the botanic Ag/Au NPs, their capacity of antioxidant, bioavailability, antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a high-end tourism activity advocating back to nature and protecting the nature, ecotourism has won increasing attention in recent years home and abroad. Being endowed with outstanding topographical and natural landscape resources, Sichuan has been a major ecotourism province in China. Particularly, western Sichuan mountains is more scarcely populated area with great topographical fluctuations, thus it is more suitable for developing ecotourism activities than eastern Sichuan. Based on previous researches and statistical analysis, this paper reviewed the overall situation of ecotourism landscape resources in western Sichuan mountains, including its geomorphological landforms, hydrographic landscapes, biological landscapes, meteorological and climatic landscapes. More importantly, in view of the blank area found in the statistical analysis, the paper analyzed the shrub landscapes on the basis of fi eld investigation, to support further research on the development and utilization of local ecotourism resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shrubs is one of the major types of natural terrestrial ecosystems. China is one of the largest shrubs distribution countries in the world, and the mountainous area of west Sichuan in the southwest region is one of the key distribution sections. Nevertheless, the basic data of shrubs has long been unexplored. This study was designed to document and map the landscape pattern of the shrubs by using land use data with the help of field survey data and well-established landscape metrics. The study area was classified into 7 first-class land cover types and 19 second-class shrubs types. The results showed that grassland, forest, and shrubs landscapes are 3 dominant types. Shrubs landscape showed high quality, fragmentation, aggregation and diversity, richness of resources. Based on these, this paper also presented an outspread discussion on the tourism aesthetic value of shrubs. The conclusion is that the aesthetic value and tourism resources value of shrubs are both considerable, especially for Rhododendron L. shrubs. And ecotourism is suitable for shrubs' exploration and environmental education. Analyzing distribution of shrubs landscape and discussing its tourism aesthetic value can provide a reference and idea for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of admirable hydrogel networks is of both practical and fundamental importance for diverse applications of hydrogels. Herein a general strategy of acid‐assisted training is designed to enable multiple improvements of conventional poly (sodium acrylate) networks for hydrogels. Hydrophobic homogeneous crosslinked poly (sodium acrylate) hydrogels are prepared to verify the strategy. The multiple improvements of poly (sodium acrylate) networks are simply achieved by immersing the hydrogel networks into 4 M H2SO4 solutions. The introduced acids would induce transformation of poly (sodium acrylate) into poly (acrylic acid) at hydrogel surface, which constructs dynamic hydrogen bonding interactions to tighten the network. The acid‐containing poly (sodium acrylate) hydrogels newly generate anti‐swelling and self‐healing performance, and show mechanical improvement. The internal poly (sodium acrylate) of the pristine acid‐containing hydrogels is further fully transformed via acid‐infiltration after following cyclic stretch/release training to significantly improve the mechanical performance. The Young's modulus, stress, and toughness of the fully‐trained hydrogels are 187.6 times, 35.6 times, and 5.4 times enhanced, respectively. The polymeric networks retain isotropic in fully‐trained hydrogels to ensure superior stretchability of 8.6. The acid‐assisted training performance of the hydrogels can be reversibly recovered by NaOH neutralization. The acid‐assisted training strategy here is general for poly (sodium acrylate) hydrogels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of admirable hydrogel networks is of both practical and fundamental importance for diverse applications of hydrogels. Herein a general strategy of acid‐assisted training is designed to enable multiple improvements of conventional poly (sodium acrylate) networks for hydrogels. Hydrophobic homogeneous crosslinked poly (sodium acrylate) hydrogels are prepared to verify the strategy. The multiple improvements of poly (sodium acrylate) networks are simply achieved by immersing the hydrogel networks into 4 M H2SO4 solutions. The introduced acids would induce transformation of poly (sodium acrylate) into poly (acrylic acid) at hydrogel surface, which constructs dynamic hydrogen bonding interactions to tighten the network. The acid‐containing poly (sodium acrylate) hydrogels newly generate anti‐swelling and self‐healing performance, and show mechanical improvement. The internal poly (sodium acrylate) of the pristine acid‐containing hydrogels is further fully transformed via acid‐infiltration after following cyclic stretch/release training to significantly improve the mechanical performance. The Young's modulus, stress, and toughness of the fully‐trained hydrogels are 187.6 times, 35.6 times, and 5.4 times enhanced, respectively. The polymeric networks retain isotropic in fully‐trained hydrogels to ensure superior stretchability of 8.6. The acid‐assisted training performance of the hydrogels can be reversibly recovered by NaOH neutralization. The acid‐assisted training strategy here is general for poly (sodium acrylate) hydrogels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose an artificial core plate model for studying seepage flow patterns in fractured poor and thin reservoirs. We have analyzed the pressure gradient distribution, mapped sections with different seepage flow patterns, and studied the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the seepage flow patterns for liquid in thin and poor reservoirs. The experiments have shown that the seepage flow pattern in thin and poor reservoirs depends on the permeability and heterogeneity of the rock and the presence of cracks. The presence of cracks can compensate for the negative impact of low permeability and heterogeneity of the rock. From the experimental results, we can identify three sections in the rock with different seepage flow patterns. Fracturing can significantly reduce the size of the no-flow section (by at least 72%) and can increase the size of the quasilinear seepage flow section (by at least 86%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • High-alkali hydrogels are constructed from homogenous crosslinked poly (sodium acrylate). • The polymer network endows soft deformability, robust toughness and high-alkali tolerance. • The high-alkali hydrogels show desirable ion conductivity and freezing resistance for ZABs. • The derived ZABs possess satisfactory power density as flexible energy devices. • The work gives a new strategy to fabricate high-alkali hydrogels tailored for flexible ZAB. Developing hydrogel electrolytes with excellent deformability and desirable conductivity is of paramount importance in improving flexible solid-state aqueous energy devices. Herein high-alkali contained poly (sodium acrylate) hydrogel electrolytes with high conductivities, soft deformability, and considerable freezing resistance are designed and developed for flexible Zn-air batteries. The electrolytes are simply prepared by swelling a high content of 5 M KOH solutions within a homogenous crosslinked poly (sodium acrylate) network. The homogenous crosslinked networks in the electrolytes ensure robust fracture toughness (600 J m−2) during diverse deformation, while the high content of KOH solutions (80 wt%) enable soft feature of low Young's modulus (1.4 kPa), desirable ion conductivity (246 mS cm−1), and anti-freezing performance (<-30 °C) for the electrolytes. Based on these, the derived Zn-air batteries show satisfactory energy density (0.1 W cm−2), multiple flexibility, and wide operating temperatures (−30 °C to r.t.), which are practically applied as flexible energy-consuming devices in different situations. The work here provides a promising approach to develop desirable hydrogel electrolytes for various alkaline energy devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ionic liquids are promising to rival traditional organic solvent to develop safe electrolytes for Li-ion batteries. However, the ionic liquid-based electrolytes still suffered from issues of inferior performance and potential leakage. Here, non-ionic surfactant Brij58 was introduced into ionic liquid electrolytes (BMPTFSI/LiTFSI) consisting of 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bistriflimide (BMPTFSI) and LiTFSI salt to construct solid-state lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs). Self-assembly of Brij58 in ionic liquid electrolytes constructed lamellar nanostructures, which confined the ionic liquid electrolytes to form layered conducting channels. The nanoscale layered conducting channels in solid-state LLC electrolytes endowed liquid-like ion conductivity and significantly improved Li-ion transfer. Although the LLC electrolytes only consumed 50 wt % BMPTFSI/LiTFSI, the discharge capacities and rate performance of the Li-ion batteries based on LLC electrolytes was much improved comparing to that containing pristine BMPTFSI/LiTFSI. Also, the flame-retardant feature retained within the lamellar LLC electrolytes. The work paved new way for optimizing the conducting performance of IL electrolytes by constructing lamellar lyotropic LLC nanostructures. [Display omitted] • Solid-state lamellar electrolytes are developed as beyond IL electrolytes for LIBs. • LLC electrolytes are simply prepared by lamellar assembly of brij58 in IL solutions. • Lamellar regulation of ILs enable superior ion conductivity for efficient LIBs. • LLC electrolytes retain inherent stability of ILs for durable applications of LIBs. • The work demonstrates a new way for optimization of IL electrolytes for LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A three-dimensional finite element model of layered porous media containing interlayers and reservoirs was established with ABAQUS software and the three-dimensional fluid-solid coupling solid element and cohesive bond element were adopted to describe the damage behaviors of rock and fracture, stimulate the initiation and propagation of horizontal fractures and the fluid filtration process, analyze and obtain the effect of geological and engineering factors on propagation parameters of the horizontal fracture and on the filtration distance, and analyze the significance of the parameters, including elastic modulus, construction displacement, permeability, viscosity of pressure liquid, ground stress, pore pressure and amount of construction fluid. Finally, the simulated rules were adopted to guide the design of fracturing parameters in actual wells, which has obtained remarkable effect after fracturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), a swine epidemic disease caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), is characterized by severe watery diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and high mortality in piglets, and has caused serious economic losses to the global porcine industry. The level of PEDV IgA antibody is a key marker to assess the extent of passive immunity of the resistance against PEDV infection. However, current commercial structure proteins-based kits for detection of PEDV antibody are not affordable, and those kits require complicated antigen preparation procedures, which cannot meet the scope of economic benefits of many large-scale pig companies in China. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an accurate, simple, and economical method for IgA detection in clinical samples. In this study, an indirect ELISA (i-ELISA) method was developed based on a purified PEDV epidemic strain (NH-TA2020). Results: The results show that optimal working dilution ratios of PEDV antigen and HRP anti-swine IgA are at 1: 1000 and 1:15000 respectively. The sensitivity of this method is high with the maximum dilution of samples up to 1:160, and coefficients of variation (CV) of both the intra assays and inter assays were no more than 15%. In addition, the relative sensitivities of the i-ELISA were above 90% compared with values from commercial kits in both serum and oral fluid samples. Conclusions: Our results suggested that the i-ELISA developed in this study was an accurate, simple, and economical method for PEDV-IgA detection in clinical samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A material stock model based on remote sensing image was built for regional urban road system. • An integrated MFA-LCA method to quantify the material stocks and environmental impacts of regional urban road system. • Massive macadam flowed into urban road system and contributed to enormous environmental impacts. • The configuration of road network in Nanjing is generally reasonable, however the arterial road is over-emphasized. Road construction area expands rapidly in China which challenges the conservations of natural resources. While available studies largely focused on consumptions at project level, this study integrated material flow analysis and life cycle assessment methods to quantify the material stocks and environmental impacts of urban road system. Remote sensing images were processed to extract road network skeletons. Taking Nanjing as an example, the results show that: 1) arterial road stores the largest amount of materials (42.9 million tons) of entire road system; 2) macadam occupies nearly 80% of total material stocks; 3) increase of road class coincides with the increase of material stock per unit area and enhances the material utilization efficiency; 4) arterial road is over-emphasized and expressway is still of a small scale in Nanjing. The methodology developed in this study provides a useful tool for road planning to effectively control resource depletion in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid growth of energy consumption, enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods are continually emerging, the most effective and widely used was polymer flooding. However, the shortcomings were gradually exposed. A novel decorated polyacrylamide might be a better alternative than polymer. In this work, the molecular structure and the properties reflecting the viscosity of decorated polyacrylamide, interfacial tension, and emulsification were examined. In order to better understand the interactions between decorated polyacrylamide and oil as well as the displacement mechanism, the displacement experiment were conducted in the etched-glass microscale model. Moreover, the coreflooding comparison experiments between decorated polyacrylamide and polymer were performed to investigate the displacement effect. The statistical analysis showed that the decorated polyacrylamide has excellent characteristics of salt tolerance, viscosity stability, and viscosification like polymer. Besides, the ability to reduce the interfacial tension in order 10−1 and emulsification, which were more similar to surfactant. Therefore, the decorated polyacrylamide was a multifunctional polymer. The displacement process captured by camera illustrated that the decorated polyacrylamide flooded oil mainly by means of 'pull and drag', 'entrainment', and 'bridging', based on the mechanism of viscosifying, emulsifying, and viscoelasticity. The results of the coreflooding experiment indicated that the recovery of decorated polyacrylamide can be improved by approximately 11–16% after water flooding when the concentration was more than 800 mg/L, which was higher than that of conventional polymer flooding. It should be mentioned that a new injection mode of 'concentration reduction multi-slug' was first proposed, and it obtained an exciting result of increasing oil production and decreasing water-cut, the effect of conformance control was more significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]