Search

Given the critical threats to aviation safety induced by electromagnetic interference (EMI), fire hazards, and icing, high‐performance multifunctional materials integrating mechanical flexibility, EMI shielding, fire resistance, and thermal management capabilities are highly desired yet challenging. Herein, a synergistic strategy is developed involving defect engineering and graphitization to enhance EMI shielding and thermal management properties of SiBCNZr nanofiber fabrics. Initially, the SiBCNZr nanofiber fabrics demonstrate excellent mechanical flexibility and intrinsic ceramic fire resistance. Furthermore, after annealing at 1400 °C, t‐ZrO2 nanograins with various types of defects are precipitated from the amorphous matrix, accompanied by the formation of turbostratic graphite C. The synergistic effects of defect engineering of t‐ZrO2 nanograins and graphitization of turbostratic C enhance conductivity and polarization loss, leading to a specific shielding effectiveness (SSE/t) of 2718 dB cm2 g−1. Additionally, the fabrics also demonstrate remarkable electrothermal conversion capability with a rapid electrothermal response. This work provides valuable insights into designing multifunctional EMI shielding ceramic nanofiber fabrics for aviation safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] In emergencies, uncontrolled severe bleeding can result in undesired complications and even death of the injured. Designing advanced hemostatic agents is a potential solution for emergency hemostasis, yet it remains challenging to realize the persistent adhesion in a wet wound environment. In this study, based on dynamic reversible Schiff base bond and photo-initiated double-bond polymerization, a novel injectable hemostatic hydrogel (L -COC) consisting of methacrylated carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCSMA), oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM) and (+)-catechin hydrate (CH) was synthesized for emergency hemostasis. To our delight, the incorporated CH imparted enhanced blood procoagulantion to the L -COC hydrogel by intensifying the hydrogel-red blood cell interactions. As a result, the hemostatic effect of the engineered L -COC hydrogel was significantly superior to that of fluid gelatin SurgifloTM for liver bleeding wounds in rats (Blood loss: 0.62 ± 0.11 g (L -COC), 0.90 ± 0.08 g (SurgifloTM); hemostasis time: 69.0 ± 2.9 s (L -COC), 84.0 ± 2.2 s (SurgifloTM)). With the favorable antioxidant and antibacterial activities, as well as multifunctional properties, the bio-adhesive L -COC hydrogel and the underlying design principles may facilitate further development of practical hemostatic hydrogels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuning the selectivity of CO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2RR) solely by changing electrolyte is a very attractive topic. In this study, we conducted CO2RR in different aqueous electrolytes over bulk metal electrodes. It was discovered that controlled CO2RR could be achieved by modulating cations in the electrochemical double layer. Specifically, ionic liquid cations in the electrolyte significantly inhibits the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), while yielding high Faraday efficiencies toward CO (FECO) or formate (FEformate) depending on the alkali metal cations. For example, the product could be switched from CO (FECO=97.3 %) to formate (FEformate=93.5 %) by changing the electrolyte from 0.1 M KBr‐0.5 M 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide (OmimBr) to 0.1 M CsBr‐0.5 M OmimBr aqueous solutions over pristine Cu foil electrode. In situ spectroscopy and theoretical calculations reveal that the ordered structure generated by the assembly of Omim+ under an applied negative potential alters the hydrogen bonding structure of the interfacial water, thereby inhibiting the HER. The difference in selectivity in the presence of different cations is attributed to the hydrogen bonding effect caused by Omim+, which alters the solvated structure of the alkali metal cations and thus affects the stabilization of intermediates of different pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuning the selectivity of CO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2RR) solely by changing electrolyte is a very attractive topic. In this study, we conducted CO2RR in different aqueous electrolytes over bulk metal electrodes. It was discovered that controlled CO2RR could be achieved by modulating cations in the electrochemical double layer. Specifically, ionic liquid cations in the electrolyte significantly inhibits the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), while yielding high Faraday efficiencies toward CO (FECO) or formate (FEformate) depending on the alkali metal cations. For example, the product could be switched from CO (FECO=97.3 %) to formate (FEformate=93.5 %) by changing the electrolyte from 0.1 M KBr‐0.5 M 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide (OmimBr) to 0.1 M CsBr‐0.5 M OmimBr aqueous solutions over pristine Cu foil electrode. In situ spectroscopy and theoretical calculations reveal that the ordered structure generated by the assembly of Omim+ under an applied negative potential alters the hydrogen bonding structure of the interfacial water, thereby inhibiting the HER. The difference in selectivity in the presence of different cations is attributed to the hydrogen bonding effect caused by Omim+, which alters the solvated structure of the alkali metal cations and thus affects the stabilization of intermediates of different pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article comprehensively investigates the electronic structure and optical properties of InSe/ZnSe vertical van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) under biaxial strain modulation and external electric field by using the first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). Notably, we find the tunability of band gap and electronic performance under biaxial strain and external electric field, as well as the transition from semiconductor to metal. Compared with the single monolayer, InSe/ZnSe vdWHs enhances the light absorption ability, the tensile strain causes the redshift of the optical absorption spectrum of the heterostructure; while the compressive strain enhances the light absorption ability of the InSe/ZnSe vdWHs e in the ultraviolet light region, the external electric field enhances the light absorption ability of InSe/ZnSe vdWHs in the visible light region. The phonon spectrum and elastic constants confirm the dynamic and mechanical stability of InSe/ZnSe vdWHs, proving that it not only exists in theory, but also has the hope of being manufactured in the laboratory. This study provides a theoretical basis for the potential applications of InSe/ZnSe vdWHs in optoelectronic devices and strain-sensitive technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article was the first to prepare CeZrNiOx ternary solid solution using CeZrNi BDC MOFs as a template, and investigate its effect on improving the dispersion stability of Pd components in three‐way catalysts and the catalytic performance of natural gas exhaust purification. The experimental results indicated that CeZrNiOx derived from CeZrNi‐BDC MOFs had a stable solid solution uniform structure and relatively good thermal stability of the porous structure. Therefore, the thermal stability of Pd/CZN−M derived from CeZrNi BDC MOFs was significantly better than that of Pd/CZN−C prepared by citric acid complexation method. The PdO particle size of Pd/CZN−M before and after thermal aging was only about 2.0 and 4.5 nm, respectively. At GHSV50000 ml/(g⋅h), the T90 of aged Pd/CeZrNiOx for CH4, NO, and CO reached 410, 370, and 175 °C, respectively, showing better three‐way catalytic (TWC) activity than reported in existing literature. In addition, CeZeNiOx carriers derived from MOFs also enhanced the co‐activation ability of NO and CH4, and exhibited certain activity in the low‐temperature self‐decomposition reaction of NO, thus showing significant advantages in the TWC catalytic activity of NGVs. This work would provide a new method for preparing NGVs exhaust TWC catalysts with high dispersion stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episode (MELAS) syndrome, caused by a single base substitution in mitochondrial DNA (m.3243A>G), is one of the most common maternally inherited mitochondrial diseases accompanied by neuronal damage due to defects in the oxidative phosphorylation system. There is no established treatment. Our previous study reported a superior restoration of mitochondrial function and bioenergetics in mitochondria-deficient cells using highly purified mesenchymal stem cells (RECs). However, whether such exogenous mitochondrial donation occurs in mitochondrial disease models and whether it plays a role in the recovery of pathological neuronal functions is unknown. Here, utilizing induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), we differentiated neurons with impaired mitochondrial function from patients with MELAS. MELAS neurons and RECs/mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were cultured under contact or non-contact conditions. Both RECs and MSCs can donate mitochondria to MELAS neurons, but RECs are more excellent than MSCs for mitochondrial transfer in both systems. In addition, REC-mediated mitochondrial transfer significantly restored mitochondrial function, including mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP/ROS production, intracellular calcium storage, and oxygen consumption rate. Moreover, mitochondrial function was maintained for at least three weeks. Thus, REC-donated exogenous mitochondria might offer a potential therapeutic strategy for treating neurological dysfunction in MELAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the high‐content SiCnw reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composites (SiCnw/SiC CMC) were successfully fabricated by hot pressing β‐SiC and sintering additive (Al2O3‐Y2O3) with boron nitride interphase modification SiCnw. The effects of sintering additive content and mass fraction (5–25 wt%) of SiCnw on the density, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The results showed that with the increase of sintering additives from 10 wt% to 12 wt%, the relative density of the SiCnw/SiC CMC increased from 97.3% to 98.9%, attributed to the generated Y3Al5O12 (YAG) liquid phase from the Al2O3‐Y2O3 that promotes the rearrangement and migration of SiC grains. The comprehensive performance of the obtained composite with 15 wt% SiCnw possessed the optimal flexural strength and fracture toughness of 524 ± 30.24 MPa and 12.39 ± 0.49 MPa·m1/2, respectively. Besides, the fracture mode of the composites with 25 wt% SiCnw content revealed a pseudo‐plastic fracture behavior. It concludes that the 25 wt% SiCnw/SiC CMC was toughened by the fiber pull‐outs, debonding, bridging, and crack deflection that can consume plenty of fracture energy. The strategy of SiC nanowires worked as a main bearing phase for the fabrication of SiC/SiC CMC providing critical information for understanding the mechanical behavior of high toughness and high strength SiC nanoceramic matrix composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have shown that tree arrangement provides effective regulation of the outdoor thermal environment and combats the urban heat island (UHI) effect. To further explore semi-outdoor thermal environment improvement using tree arrangement, we selected two common arbor species from Guangdong Province, namely, Lagerstroemia speciosa and Bombax ceiba. We discuss the influence of courtyard tree arrangements on the thermal environment of semi-outdoor spaces (courtyards and overhead spaces) of a teaching building in a hot-humid area. The ENVI-met model was used and verified with field measurements; the universal thermal climate index (UTCI) was used as an index to evaluate the thermal environment of semi-outdoor spaces. We found that (1) adjusting the distance between trees and buildings reduced the UTCI values by 0.4 (overhead spaces) and 0.8 ℃ (courtyards); and (2) when the distance between the arbor and the building is fixed, the UTCI values of arranging Lagerstroemia speciosa can be reduced by up to 0.5 (overhead spaces) and 1.0 ℃ (courtyards) compared to that of Bombax ceiba; this study provides practical suggestions for the layout of trees in semi-outdoor spaces of teaching buildings in the hot-humid areas of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrospun nanofiber membranes (NFMs) have high porosity and a large specific surface area, which provide a suitable environment for the complex and dynamic wound healing process and a large number of sites for carrying wound healing factors. Further, the design of the nanofiber structure can imitate the structure of the human dermis, similar to the natural extracellular matrix, which better promotes the hemostasis, anti-inflammatory and healing of wounds. Therefore, it has been widely studied in the field of wound dressing. This review article overviews the development of electrospinning technology and the application of electrospun nanofibers in wound dressings. It begins with an introduction to the history, working principles, and transformation of electrospinning, with a focus on the selection of electrospun nanofiber materials, incorporation of functional therapeutic factors, and structural design of nanofibers and nanofiber membranes. Moreover, the wide application of electrospun NFMs containing therapeutic factors in wound healing is classified based on their special functions, such as hemostasis, antibacterial and cell proliferation promotion. This article also highlights the structural design of electrospun nanofibers in wound dressing, including porous structures, bead structures, core-shell structures, ordered structures, and multilayer nanofiber membrane structures. Finally, their advantages and limitations are discussed, and the challenges faced in their application for wound dressings are analyzed to promote further research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Providing thermal comfort in the courtyards of academic buildings is important and increasing tree canopy coverage (TCC) presents a convenient and feasible method to achieve this; however, few studies have comprehensively evaluated the cooling effects of TCC, considering both outdoor thermal comfort and heat dynamics. In this study, we selected two typical academic buildings at Guangzhou University, each with courtyards having different height-to-width ratios (H/W ratios). We employed both field measurements and ENVI-met-based numerical models to simulate scenarios with varying TCCs. The results demonstrated that the cooling effects caused by arranging trees increase with the TCC values. During the hottest hours of the day, trees arranged in courtyards with high H/W ratios exhibited a superior cooling effect compared to those in courtyards with low H/W ratios, with a difference of up to 0.6 °C in the PET (physiological equivalent temperature); however, over the entire daytime, the total sensible heat reduction achieved by trees in courtyards with low H/W ratios surpassed that of courtyards with high H/W ratios, with a difference of up to 0.25 × 104 J/m2. Our findings underscore the crucial role of TCC in enhancing cooling in the courtyard of academic buildings, with important implications for university planning and design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitochondria are essential organelles for maintaining intracellular homeostasis. Their dysfunction can directly or indirectly affect cell functioning and is linked to multiple diseases. Donation of exogenous mitochondria is potentially a viable therapeutic strategy. For this, selecting appropriate donors of exogenous mitochondria is critical. We previously demonstrated that ultra-purified bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (RECs) have better stem cell properties and homogeneity than conventionally cultured bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Here, we explored the effect of contact and noncontact systems on three possible mitochondrial transfer mechanisms involving tunneling nanotubes, connexin 43 (Cx43)-mediated gap junction channels (GJCs), and extracellular vesicles (Evs). We show that Evs and Cx43-GJCs provide the main mechanism for mitochondrial transfer from RECs. Through these two critical mitochondrial transfer pathways, RECs could transfer a greater number of mitochondria into mitochondria-deficient (ρ0) cells and could significantly restore mitochondrial functional parameters. Furthermore, we analyzed the effect of exosomes (EXO) on the rate of mitochondrial transfer from RECs and recovery of mitochondrial function. REC-derived EXO appeared to promote mitochondrial transfer and slightly improve the recovery of mtDNA content and oxidative phosphorylation in ρ0 cells. Thus, ultrapure, homogenous, and safe stem cell RECs could provide a potential therapeutic tool for diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear DNA, which codes for mitochondrial components, are known to be associated with various genetic and congenital disorders. These mitochondrial disorders not only impair energy production but also affect mitochondrial functions and have no effective treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to migrate to damaged sites and carry out mitochondrial transfer. MSCs grown using conventional culture methods exhibit heterogeneous cellular characteristics. In contrast, highly purified MSCs, namely the rapidly expanding clones (RECs) isolated by single-cell sorting, display uniform MSCs functionality. Therefore, we examined the differences between RECs and MSCs to assess the efficacy of mitochondrial transfer. Methods: We established mitochondria-deficient cell lines (ρ0 A549 and ρ0 HeLa cell lines) using ethidium bromide. Mitochondrial transfer from RECs/MSCs to ρ0 cells was confirmed by PCR and flow cytometry analysis. We examined several mitochondrial functions including ATP, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential, and oxygen consumption rate (OCR). The route of mitochondrial transfer was identified using inhibition assays for microtubules/tunneling nanotubes, gap junctions, or microvesicles using transwell assay and molecular inhibitors. Results: Co-culture of ρ0 cells with MSCs or RECs led to restoration of the mtDNA content. RECs transferred more mitochondria to ρ0 cells compared to that by MSCs. The recovery of mitochondrial function, including ATP, OCR, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial swelling in ρ0 cells co-cultured with RECs was superior than that in cells co-cultured with MSCs. Inhibition assays for each pathway revealed that RECs were sensitive to endocytosis inhibitor, dynasore. Conclusions: RECs might serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for diseases linked to mitochondrial dysfunction by donating healthy mitochondria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faced with serious harmonic pollution, a global fast terminal sliding mode control (GFTSMC) based on a novel recurrent fuzzy neural network (NRFNN) strategy for an active power filter (APF) with uncertainty is proposed in this article, which is aimed at improving the power quality and realizing harmonic suppression. First, the GFTSMC is adopted due to its advantages in finite-time convergence and faster convergence rate of tracking error in the system. Second, NRFNN is adopted to approximate the unknown model and lump the uncertainty of the APF system. Because the values of base width, center vector and feedback gain of NRFNN can be adjusted adaptively according to adaptive laws, the accurate approximation of the unknown model can be achieved, and the robustness and accuracy of the APF system can be guaranteed. Finally, the validity and feasibility of the proposed GFTSMC-NRFNN scheme is fully verified by simulation results, showing it has better steady-state and dynamic performance than other existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The one dimensional (1D) spin-1/2 Heisenberg–Ising model, a prototype quantum many-body system, has been intensively studied for many years. In this review, after a short introduction on some basic concepts of group theory for the octahedral group, a detailed pedagogical framework is laid down to derive the low-energy effective Hamiltonian for the Co-based materials. The 1D spin-1/2 Heisenberg–Ising model is obtained when applying the analysis to quasi-1D antiferromagnetic materials BaCo 2 V 2 O 8 and SrCo 2 V 2 O 8 . After the preparation, we review the theoretical progresses of a variety of novel magnetic excitations and emergent physics in the 1D spin-1/2 Heisenberg–Ising model, and further summarize their recent experimental realizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multidimensional porous carbon nanosheet frameworks decorated with CoSe 2 nanoparticles (CoSe 2 -CNF) was produced by a metal salt-assisted polymer-blowing method. Unique structure endows CoSe 2 -CNF with exceptional battery capacity and fast-charging capability as anode for sodium-ion batteries in various electrolyte systems. In situ techniques and DFT calculations further investigate the sodium storage mechanism and excellent electrochemical properties. [Display omitted] • A metal salt-assisted polymer-blowing method is proposed to construct CoSe 2 -CNF. • Unique nanoarchitecture offers more active sites for Na+ storage and transmission. • The CoSe 2 -CNF as anode exhibits exceptional battery capacity and fast-charging capability in diverse electrolyte systems. • Sodium storage mechanism and fast electrochemical kinetics are investigated. Transition metal selenides (TMSs) possess relatively high theoretical capacity and unique structures emerge as promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, TMSs anode materials suffer from challenges such as substantial volume expansion, undesired side reactions, and poor active reaction dynamics. Herein, we propose a novel synthesis method that integrates metal salt-assisted polymer-blowing technique with in situ selenization strategy to fabricate multidimensional porous 3D carbon nanosheet frameworks modified by cobalt diselenide nanoparticles (CoSe 2 -CNF). Such unique architecture bestows intimate structural interconnectivity with high mechanical strength and abundant ion diffusion channels on CoSe 2 -CNF, exhibiting remarkable reversible capacity and fast-charging capability within diverse electrolyte systems. For instance, the CoSe 2 -CNF anode in ether electrolyte exhibits prominent rate performance of 349 mAh/g at 15 A/g. Sodium storage mechanism and fast electrochemical kinetics in the discharge/charge processes are investigated by in situ XRD and in situ EIS techniques. Additionally, DFT calculations are utilized to analyze the electrochemical differences observed in various electrolyte systems. When coupled with Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) (NVP) cathodes, the full batteries also afford enhanced reversible capacity of 105 mAh/g over 100 cycles. The proposed structural engineering for CoSe 2 -CNF is beneficial for designing fast-charging energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel multifunctional fire-resistant SiBCN ceramic fiber paper with excellent electromagnetic shielding and Joule heating performance was fabricated by electrospinning, cross-linking, pyrolysis, and annealing. • The specific shielding effectiveness (SSE/t) achieved 3317 dB•cm2•g−1, when the SiBCN ceramic fiber paper was annealed at 1400 °C. • SiBCN fiber paper annealed at 1400 °C demonstrated excellent Joule heating performance, including a rapid electrothermal conversion response and a high saturation temperature of 300 °C at 12 V. Since electromagnetic interference (EMI), icing, and fire incidents greatly threaten aviation safety, multifunctional EMI shielding materials are urgently required in the aviation industry. However, developing highly efficient EMI shielding materials that combine fire resistance and thermal management remains a significant challenge. Here, a novel fire-resistant SiBCN ceramic fiber paper with excellent EMI shielding and Joule heating performance was fabricated via electrospinning followed by cross-linking, pyrolysis, and annealing. Compared with the SiBCN fiber paper prepared at 800 °C with poor EMI shielding performance, the total shielding effectiveness (SE T) of the SiBCN fiber paper annealed at 1400 °C significantly increased to 21 dB, with specific shielding effectiveness (SSE/t) as high as 3317 dB•cm2•g−1, due to the precipitation of "island-like" conductive turbostratic C, facilitating the synergistic effects of conduction loss, dipole polarization, and interfacial polarization, resulting in high efficiently attenuation of the electromagnetic waves (EMW). Furthermore, the fiber paper demonstrated excellent fire-resistant and Joule-heating performance, with a rapid electrothermal conversion response and a high saturation temperature of 300 °C at 12 V. Therefore, this work proposes a novel strategy for designing multifunctional ceramic fiber paper with integrated EMI shielding, fire resistance, and Joule heating performance for aircraft safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multidimensional porous carbon nanosheet frameworks decorated with CoSe 2 nanoparticles (CoSe 2 -CNF) was produced by a metal salt-assisted polymer-blowing method. Unique structure endows CoSe 2 -CNF with exceptional battery capacity and fast-charging capability as anode for sodium-ion batteries in various electrolyte systems. In situ techniques and DFT calculations further investigate the sodium storage mechanism and excellent electrochemical properties. [Display omitted] • A metal salt-assisted polymer-blowing method is proposed to construct CoSe 2 -CNF. • Unique nanoarchitecture offers more active sites for Na+ storage and transmission. • The CoSe 2 -CNF as anode exhibits exceptional battery capacity and fast-charging capability in diverse electrolyte systems. • Sodium storage mechanism and fast electrochemical kinetics are investigated. Transition metal selenides (TMSs) possess relatively high theoretical capacity and unique structures emerge as promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, TMSs anode materials suffer from challenges such as substantial volume expansion, undesired side reactions, and poor active reaction dynamics. Herein, we propose a novel synthesis method that integrates metal salt-assisted polymer-blowing technique with in situ selenization strategy to fabricate multidimensional porous 3D carbon nanosheet frameworks modified by cobalt diselenide nanoparticles (CoSe 2 -CNF). Such unique architecture bestows intimate structural interconnectivity with high mechanical strength and abundant ion diffusion channels on CoSe 2 -CNF, exhibiting remarkable reversible capacity and fast-charging capability within diverse electrolyte systems. For instance, the CoSe 2 -CNF anode in ether electrolyte exhibits prominent rate performance of 349 mAh/g at 15 A/g. Sodium storage mechanism and fast electrochemical kinetics in the discharge/charge processes are investigated by in situ XRD and in situ EIS techniques. Additionally, DFT calculations are utilized to analyze the electrochemical differences observed in various electrolyte systems. When coupled with Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) (NVP) cathodes, the full batteries also afford enhanced reversible capacity of 105 mAh/g over 100 cycles. The proposed structural engineering for CoSe 2 -CNF is beneficial for designing fast-charging energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel multifunctional fire-resistant SiBCN ceramic fiber paper with excellent electromagnetic shielding and Joule heating performance was fabricated by electrospinning, cross-linking, pyrolysis, and annealing. • The specific shielding effectiveness (SSE/t) achieved 3317 dB•cm2•g−1, when the SiBCN ceramic fiber paper was annealed at 1400 °C. • SiBCN fiber paper annealed at 1400 °C demonstrated excellent Joule heating performance, including a rapid electrothermal conversion response and a high saturation temperature of 300 °C at 12 V. Since electromagnetic interference (EMI), icing, and fire incidents greatly threaten aviation safety, multifunctional EMI shielding materials are urgently required in the aviation industry. However, developing highly efficient EMI shielding materials that combine fire resistance and thermal management remains a significant challenge. Here, a novel fire-resistant SiBCN ceramic fiber paper with excellent EMI shielding and Joule heating performance was fabricated via electrospinning followed by cross-linking, pyrolysis, and annealing. Compared with the SiBCN fiber paper prepared at 800 °C with poor EMI shielding performance, the total shielding effectiveness (SE T) of the SiBCN fiber paper annealed at 1400 °C significantly increased to 21 dB, with specific shielding effectiveness (SSE/t) as high as 3317 dB•cm2•g−1, due to the precipitation of "island-like" conductive turbostratic C, facilitating the synergistic effects of conduction loss, dipole polarization, and interfacial polarization, resulting in high efficiently attenuation of the electromagnetic waves (EMW). Furthermore, the fiber paper demonstrated excellent fire-resistant and Joule-heating performance, with a rapid electrothermal conversion response and a high saturation temperature of 300 °C at 12 V. Therefore, this work proposes a novel strategy for designing multifunctional ceramic fiber paper with integrated EMI shielding, fire resistance, and Joule heating performance for aircraft safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevention of ship-foundering accidents is attracting more and more attention from the China Maritime Safety Administration (MSA), which is the competent authority for maritime issues in China. To address the human-related causes involved in ship-foundering accidents, a comprehensive maritime operation human reliability analysis (MOHRA) model is proposed in this study to quantitatively analyze the error-producing conditions (EPCs) contributing to the human-related causes involved in the ship-foundering accidents. For this purpose, the 1207 accident causes are firstly extracted from a collection of 394 ship-foundering accident investigation reports in China, which are then distributed in the framework of human factor analysis and classification system (HFACS), meanwhile, the typical EPCs in the HEART model are also mapped to the HFACS, resulting in the development of relation matrix between EPCs and HFACS aspects. Then, the expert elicitation and fuzzy aggregation analysis are applied together to determine the EPC values of all the error producing conditions. The results show that the overbalance between objectives of safety investment and economic benefit (EPC18) is remarked as the most significant error-producing condition, and the appearance of dangerous incentives (EPC21) may make the situation worse. • 1207 human related causes extracted from 394 maritime foundering accidents. • A comprehensive maritime operation human reliability analysis model is proposed. • Error-producing conditions for the human-related causes are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simvastatin (SIM) particles are liposoluble drugs with large particle sizes, resulting in poor compatibility with electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) nanofibers, so that part of them will be exposed to the electrospun nanofiber surface, which is easy to cause the burst release of drugs. Therefore, in this paper, stearic acid (SA) with good biocompatibility was innovatively added to increase the dispersion uniformity of SIM in the spinning solution, thus improving the performances of SIM-loaded PCL/PEG nanofiber membranes (NFMs). Accordingly, the effects of SA addition on the morphologies, mechanical properties, wettability, and drug release properties of the SIM-loaded NFMs were studied. The results showed that after SIM was dissolved in SA solution, the particle size of SIM was significantly reduced and could be evenly dispersed in the polymer spinning solution, thus obtaining the SIM-loaded composite NFMs with the best morphology and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hot and humid areas experience constant high temperatures and high humidity during summer, causing widespread concern about outdoor thermal discomfort. This paper investigates the effects of landscape design strategies on outdoor thermal environments during typical summer and winter weather conditions in the hot–humid areas of China. The physiological equivalent temperature (PET) is used for evaluating the thermal performance of the proposed outdoor environments. ENVI-met software was validated via field measurements for this study and was used to evaluate the outdoor thermal environment under typical summer and winter weather conditions. Three kinds of common landscape elements were analyzed: tree species, pavement, and water bodies. The results show that (1) by properly arranging landscape elements, the PET can be reduced by up to 1.6 °C in summer without sacrificing relevant thermal comfort during winter. (2) Arbors with high leaf area density (LAD) values performed better than those with a low LAD value for improved outdoor thermal comfort. (3) The influence of pavement on outdoor thermal comfort differs when under conditions with and without shade. This study provides practical suggestions for landscape design in open spaces within hot–humid areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SPB) is an isolated plasmacytoma of bone origin, most commonly seen in the elderly, with a poor prognosis. So far, there is no precise nomogram to predict the overall survival (OS) of elderly patients with SPB. Our goal is to construct and validate a nomogram for elderly patients with SPB. Methods. This study collected all elderly patients with SPB in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from 2000 to 2018, and the variables included were age, sex, race, marital status, primary site, grade, stage, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Independent prognostic factors were identified using univariate and multivariate Cox analysis. The nomogram was constructed to predict 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS of elderly patients with SPB. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) and the calibration curves were used to differentiate and calibrate the nomogram. The clinical validity of the nomogram was evaluated by decision curve analysis (DCA). The total OS scores of all elderly SPB patients were calculated and divided into two risk subgroups for comparison. Results. A total of 1837 patients diagnosed with SPB were screened from the SEER database, with a final inclusion of 1180 patients (age ≥ 60 years). Age, radiotherapy, and marital status were significantly correlated with OS. These characteristics were further incorporated into the creation of the nomogram for predicting 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS of elderly patients with SPB. For this predictive model, the area under the ROC curves, calibration curves, and DCA have good performance in terms of differentiation, consistency, and validity, respectively. In addition, patients in the high-risk group (≥96) had a worse prognosis than those in the low-risk group (<96). Conclusion. We constructed a nomogram and a risk classification system that could provide an intuitive and effective tool for clinicians to better predict the OS of elderly SPB patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports on the preparation and mechanical properties of a novel SiC nf /SiC composite. The single crystal SiC nanofiber(SiC nf) reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMC) were successfully fabricated by hot pressing the mixture of β -SiC powders, SiC nf and Al–B–C powder. The effects of SiC nf mass fraction as well as the hot-pressing temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of SiC nf /SiC CMC were systematically investigated. The results demonstrated that the 15 wt% SiC nf /SiC CMC obtained by hot pressing (HP) at 1850 °C with 30 MPa for 60 min possessed the maximum flexural strength and fracture toughness of 678.2 MPa and 8.33 MPa m1/2, respectively. The nanofibers pull out, nanofibers bridging and cracks deflection were found by scanning electron microscopy, which are believed can strengthen and toughen the SiC nf /SiC CMC via consuming plenty of the fracture energy. Besides, although the relative density of the prepared SiC nf /SiC CMC further increased with the sintering temperature rose to 1900 °C, the further coarsend composites grains results in the deterioration of the mechanical properties for the obtained composites compared to 1850 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Egocentric action recognition, the identification of actions within video content obtained from a first-person perspective, is receiving increasing attention due to the widespread adoption of wearable camera technology. Nonetheless, the task of annotating actions within a video characterized by a cluttered background and the presence of various objects is labor-intensive. In this paper, we consider learning for egocentric action recognition in a semi-supervised manner. Inspired by the fact that videos captured from first-person viewpoint usually contain rich contents about how human hands interact with objects, we thus propose to employ a popular teacher–student framework and distill the interaction knowledge between hand and objects for semi-supervised egocentric action recognition. We refer to the proposed method as Interaction Knowledge Distillation or IKD. Specifically, the teacher network takes hands and action-related objects in the labeled videos as input, and uses graph neural networks to capture their spatial–temporal relations as graph edge features. The student network then takes the detected hands/objects from both labeled and unlabeled videos as input and mimics the teacher network to learn from the interactions to improve model performance. Experiments are performed on two popular egocentric action recognition datasets, Something-Something-V2 and EPIC-KITCHENS-100, which show that our proposed approach consistently outperforms recent state-of-the-art methods in typical semi-supervised settings. • We distill the hand–object interactions with limited annotated videos. • We adopt the hand–object interactions to predict pseudo-labels of unlabeled videos. • The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate stock movement prediction is essential to profit from the stock market. However, this task is challenging due to the complexity and non-stationary nature of the market. Deep learning methods have obtained more attention and success in mining price movement patterns.However, some limitations affect their performances. In general, the stock market is ever-changing, and many factors affect stock movement, so capturing the stock movement patterns is hard without enough prior information. To tackle it, we consider employing economic facts to help improve the deep learning method. In this paper, we propose a novel Hierarchical Deep learning Model that fuses Economic Facts (HDMEF) to predict stock movement from the micro to the macro tiers: the individual, industry, and whole market tiers. Specifically, we present three well-designed modules to separately model them based on the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), the herding effects, and the holiday effects in the stock market. Experiments on the A-share CSI300 and CSI500 indexes demonstrate that our proposed method performs best on all test phases compared with previous competitive baselines, even an absolute improvement of 2%–3% on some test phases where all the baselines act poor, proving our method is more efficient and robust in different market conditions. In addition, we do an ablation study to analyze the role of various economic effects used in our model, and the results prove that each module is helpful for prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate stock movement prediction is essential to profit from the stock market. However, this task is challenging due to the complexity and non-stationary nature of the market. Deep learning methods have obtained more attention and success in mining price movement patterns.However, some limitations affect their performances. In general, the stock market is ever-changing, and many factors affect stock movement, so capturing the stock movement patterns is hard without enough prior information. To tackle it, we consider employing economic facts to help improve the deep learning method. In this paper, we propose a novel Hierarchical Deep learning Model that fuses Economic Facts (HDMEF) to predict stock movement from the micro to the macro tiers: the individual, industry, and whole market tiers. Specifically, we present three well-designed modules to separately model them based on the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), the herding effects, and the holiday effects in the stock market. Experiments on the A-share CSI300 and CSI500 indexes demonstrate that our proposed method performs best on all test phases compared with previous competitive baselines, even an absolute improvement of 2%–3% on some test phases where all the baselines act poor, proving our method is more efficient and robust in different market conditions. In addition, we do an ablation study to analyze the role of various economic effects used in our model, and the results prove that each module is helpful for prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZIF-L material was incorporated into the polyimide (PI) matrix to prepare MMM for H 2 /CO 2 gas separation. Compared with casting and flat scraping methods, the membrane prepared by spin coating method provides higher selectivity and excellent permeability under the same high MOF loading. The excellent separation performance is due to the ordered arrangement of ZIF-L in the matrix, which forms an orientation film that provides a fast transport channel for H 2 molecules and effectively interferes with the diffusion of CO 2 molecules with strong interactions between ZIF-L. Meanwhile, in-plane orientation is beneficial for optimizing the compatibility between nanosheets and polymer interfaces, thereby maximizing membrane separation performance. [Display omitted] • Novel MMMs fabricated from the fillers of oriented two-dimensional ZIF-L nanosheets in polyimide. • By optimizing the preparation method of the membranes, the in-plane orientation arrangement and high loading of nanosheets in the matrix were achieved using the spin coating method. • The resulting MMMs are simultaneously enhanced in selectivity, permeability, and stability. Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) formed by combining two-dimensional (2D) nanostructured metal organic framework (MOF) materials in polymer matrices have attracted much attention due to their potential as an important functional component material for gas separation applications. Here, we report the incorporation of ZIF-L material into polyimide (PI) matrix to prepare MMMs for H 2 /CO 2 gas separation. The loading capacity of the filler varies between 15 wt% and 45 wt%, and MMMs are prepared using three different coating methods: casting, flat scraping, and spin coating. When the filler content is 45 wt%, MMMs prepared by the spin coating method exhibit the best performance, with a gas permeability of 368.9 Barrer and an H 2 /CO 2 separation factor of 19.1. The excellent separation performance is owing to the oriented membrane formed by the ordered arrangement of ZIF-L in the matrix, which provides a fast transport channel for H 2 molecules, as evidenced by XRD and SEM results. Meanwhile, the 2D structure of MOF fillers increases the contact area between the fillers and the polymer, promoting the formation of defect-free MMMs. In addition, thermal analysis and tensile testing also indicate that MMMs possess thermal and mechanical stability. This is an important step forward in achieving the excellent performance of MMMs containing two-dimensional porous fillers for gas separation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • N-doped carbon cloth provided more active sites for the growth of CuO. • Two CuO nanostructures were prepared and their growth mechanisms were studied. • The electrochemical properties of CuO modified electrodes were studied. • The CuO nanorods modified electrode showed high sensitivity for glucose sensing. The optimization of sensing material nanostructures can improve the interfacial properties sensing materials, which is an effective tactic for enhancing the sensing performance of materials. In this study, different CuO nanostructures were in situ grown onto N-doped carbon cloth (NCC) by hydrothermal method as modified electrodes for glucose sensor. The use of NCC endowed the electrodes with excellent flexibility and conductivity, and also provided more attachment points for the growth of CuO nanostructures. Meanwhile, CuO nanostructures could be regulated by the addition of organic acid as structural inducers, and the glucose sensing performances of electrodes modified by different CuO nanostructures were studied. The results showed that CuO nanostructures were uniformly grown on NCC, and the optimized CuO nanostructure had a smaller size and a higher electrochemical active area. The modified electrode with the optimized CuO nanostructures exhibited good electrochemical performances, high sensitivity of 6.408 mA cm−2 mM−1, low detection limit of 0.33 μM and excellent stability for glucose sensing. This work presents an effective and simple method for preparing flexible self-supporting electrodes with controllable nanostructures and good interface properties, expanding a potential pathway for the development of flexible glucose sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regulating the binding effect between the surface of an electrode material and reaction intermediates is essential in highly efficient CO2 electro‐reduction to produce high‐value multicarbon (C2+) compounds. Theoretical study reveals that lattice tensile strain in single‐component Cu catalysts can reduce the dipole–dipole repulsion between *CO intermediates and promotes *OH adsorption, and the high *CO and *OH coverage decreases the energy barrier for C−C coupling. In this work, Cu catalysts with varying lattice tensile strain were fabricated by electro‐reducing CuO precursors with different crystallinity, without adding any extra components. The as‐prepared single‐component Cu catalysts were used for CO2 electro‐reduction, and it is discovered that the lattice tensile strain in Cu could enhance the Faradaic efficiency (FE) of C2+ products effectively. Especially, the as‐prepared CuTPA catalyst with high lattice tensile strain achieves a FEC2+ of 90.9 % at −1.25 V vs. RHE with a partial current density of 486.1 mA cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regulating the binding effect between the surface of an electrode material and reaction intermediates is essential in highly efficient CO2 electro‐reduction to produce high‐value multicarbon (C2+) compounds. Theoretical study reveals that lattice tensile strain in single‐component Cu catalysts can reduce the dipole–dipole repulsion between *CO intermediates and promotes *OH adsorption, and the high *CO and *OH coverage decreases the energy barrier for C−C coupling. In this work, Cu catalysts with varying lattice tensile strain were fabricated by electro‐reducing CuO precursors with different crystallinity, without adding any extra components. The as‐prepared single‐component Cu catalysts were used for CO2 electro‐reduction, and it is discovered that the lattice tensile strain in Cu could enhance the Faradaic efficiency (FE) of C2+ products effectively. Especially, the as‐prepared CuTPA catalyst with high lattice tensile strain achieves a FEC2+ of 90.9 % at −1.25 V vs. RHE with a partial current density of 486.1 mA cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, stacked SiC fibers paper‐reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composites (SiCnf/SiC CMCs) were prepared by nanoimpregnation and transient eutectic (NITE) process using ultra‐long single‐crystal SiC nanofibers. The effect of the SiCnf surface modification via boron nitride (BN) interphase deposition as well as the sintering additive (Al2O3–Y2O3) content on the density, microstructure, and mechanical properties of SiCnf/SiC CMCs has been investigated systematically. The results revealed that the laminated SiCnf/SiC CMCs feature a significant saw‐tooth‐like curve on the load–displacement test, which indicates that the obtained laminated structure with the weak interlayer binding owning to the BN coating treatment possesses significant toughening to the SiC ceramics. Specifically, the SiCnf/SiC CMCs with the sintering additive content of 12 wt% revealed a fracture toughness of over 10 MPa m1/2 after 60 min of BN interface deposition, which is 104.31% higher than that of the composites prepared without BN coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wound healing is a complex physiological process involving hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. Therefore, there is an urgent need for suitable wound dressings for effective and systematical wound management. Polypeptide-based hydrogel bio-adhesives offer unique advantages and are ideal candidates. However, comprehensive reviews on polypeptide-based hydrogel bio-adhesives for wound healing are still lacking. In this review, the physiological mechanisms and evaluation parameters of wound healing were first described in detail. Then, the working principles of hydrogel bio-adhesives were summarized. Recent advances made in multifunctional polypeptide-based hydrogel bio-adhesives involving gelatin, silk fibroin, fibrin, keratin, poly-γ-glutamic acid, ɛ-poly-lysine, serum albumin, and elastin with pro-healing activities in wound healing and tissue repair were reviewed. Finally, the current status, challenges, developments, and future trends of polypeptide-based hydrogel bio-adhesives were discussed, hoping that further developments would be stimulated to meet the growing needs of their clinical applications. [Display omitted] • Polypeptide-based hydrogel bio-adhesives offer numerous unique advantages and become ideal candidates for wound dressings. • The physiological mechanisms and evaluation parameters of wound healing were described in detail. • The working principles of hydrogel bio-adhesives were summarized comprehensively around adhesion and cohesion. • The recent advances of polypeptide-based hydrogel bio-adhesives for wound healing and tissue repair were reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superhydrophobic materials often underperform in practical metal corrosion protection owing to the vulnerability of their rough structures. Additionally, stringent fabrication requirements and high production costs further constrain their development. Consequently, enhancing their mechanical stability with adhesives and streamlining their production processes are focal points of interest. In this research, we employed a combination of modified hydrophobic SiO 2 particles and epoxy resin to fabricate a durable, abrasion-resistant superhydrophobic coating on a Q235 steel substrate using a one-step spray technique. Throughout the experimental phase, we systematically investigated the ideal ratio of hydrophobic SiO 2 particles to epoxy resin within the coating, comprehensively assessing its wettability, mechanical stability, and corrosion resistance. The ideal hydrophobic SiO 2 content was found to be 65%, achieving a contact and sliding angles of 158.9° and 4.27°, respectively. This coating maintained its superhydrophobicity after 4.5 m of mechanical abrasion and 40 tape peeling cycles. In terms of corrosion protection, the coating exhibited an impedance two orders of magnitude higher than that of the bare Q235 substrate. It significantly reduced the corrosion current density by two orders of magnitude, with a corrosion inhibition efficiency of 99.36%. Moreover, the superhydrophobic coating retained its properties after 12 h of immersion in strong acids and bases, 30 d in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, and outdoor exposure, demonstrating a degree of anti-fouling capability and excellent self-cleaning properties. Notably, the room-temperature, one-step spray method facilitates practical application on various substrates, improving production efficiency and expanding usability. [Display omitted] • The utilization of a 65% hydrophobic particle coating results in superior superhydrophobicity and increased robustness. • The coating exhibits exceptional long-term corrosion resistance. • The coating exhibits outstanding weather resistance and self-cleaning properties. • The one-step spray method facilitates easy material scalability for widespread applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lysozyme, an antimicrobial agent, is extensively employed in the food and healthcare sectors to facilitate the breakdown of peptidoglycan. However, the methods to improve its catalytic activity and secretory expression still need to be studied. In the present study, twelve lysozymes from different origins were heterologously expressed using the Komagataella phaffii expression system. Among them, the lysozyme from the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis (oeLYZ) showed the highest activity. Via a semi-rational approach to reduce the structural free energy, the double mutant Y15A/S39R (oeLYZ dm) with the catalytic activity 1.8-fold greater than that of the wild type was generated. Subsequently, different N-terminal fusion tags were employed to enhance oeLYZ dm expression. The fusion with peptide tag 6×Glu resulted in a remarkable increase in the recombinant oeLYZdm expression, from 2.81 × 103 U mL–1 to 2.11 × 104 U mL–1 in shake flask culture, and eventually reaching 2.05 × 105 U mL–1 in a 3-L fermenter. The work produced the greatest amount of heterologous oeLYZ expression in microbial systems that are known to exist. Reducing the structural free energy and employing the N-terminal fusion tags are effective strategies to improve the catalytic activity and secretory expression of lysozyme. [Display omitted] • Lysozymes from different origins were expressed solubly in eukaryotic system. • Lysozyme from Ostrea edulis (oeLYZ) showed the highest activity. • The catalytic activity of the oeLYZ was improved via semi-rational design. • Peptide tag 6×Glu significantly facilitated the secretory expression of oeLYZ. • High-density fermentation production of oeLYZ was achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, nanofibers with core-shell structure as potential drug carriers have been widely explored in biomedical applications, contributing to the controlled release of drug particles. However, smooth core-shell nanofibers may expose large and insoluble drug particles to the fiber surface, causing their sudden release. Therefore, in this paper, in order to fully encapsulate simvastatin (SIM) particles with large size and poor solubility as well as alleviate their sudden release, SIM-loaded bead-on-string nanofibers with core-shell structures (SBNFs) were fabricated using a coaxial electrospinning, in which SIM was encapsulated into the core layer of core-shell beads to enhance its embedding depth. The optimal spinning parameters were determined by studying the morphology, structure, wettability, drug release performance and biocompatibility of SBNFs prepared under different spinning parameters. The results showed that the SBNFs obtained at the optimal parameters had the advantages of both the core-shell structure and beaded structure of drug-loaded nanofibers, which could increase the embedding depth of drugs, thus alleviating the initial sudden release of drugs, achieving the long-term persistent drug release, and ensuring the best biocompatibility with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECs). Moreover, the beaded structure of SBNFs could also make ECs have more growth space. This provides a basis for the potential application of bead-on-string nanofibers with core-shell structure in biomedical field. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Litter size is an important economic traits in pigs. SLA-11 gene is a member of SLA (swine leukocyte antigen) complex. In our previous study, the SLA-11 gene was differentially expressed in PMSG-hCG stimulated preovulatory ovarian follicles of Chinese Taihu and Large White sows. Here, we identified two mutations (c.754-132 T > C and c.1421 + 38 T > C) in SLA-11 gene and analyzed the associations of two SNPs with litter size traits in Large White (n = 263) and DIV (n = 117) sows. The results showed that in Large White pigs, SLA-11 c.754-132 CC sows produced 0.74 and 0.87 more pigs per litter for TNB and NBA of all parities than did TT sows (p <.05); In DIV pigs, SLA-11 c.754-132 CC sows produced 1.17 more pigs per litter for TNB of all parities than did TC sows (p <.05). In Large White pigs, SLA-11 c.1421 + 38 CC sows produced 0.9 more pigs per litter for TNB of all parities than did TT sows (p <.05), while in DIV pigs SLA-11 c.1421 + 38 CC sows produced 0.84 and 0.7 less pigs per litter for TNB and NBA of all parities than did TT sows (p <.05). Our research indicated that SLA-11 mutations were potential molecular markers for improving the litter size traits in pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stock movement prediction is a complex and challenging task, because the real stock market system is sophisticated and noisy. There are two obstacles with directly using historical trading data to predict stock price movement: (1) the stock market is time-varying, resulting in the mismatch between training and test data and poor generalization performance; (2) the stock market is a noisy system in which price moving signal is difficult to capture. To overcome these two challenges, we propose a method enhancing stock movement prediction with market index and curriculum learning. We consider the impact of the market movement on individual stock movement, and propose to use market index to split the impacts of market movement and intrinsic individual stock movement. In response to the noise issue, we propose two hypotheses: the trading mode deviation hypothesis and the price prediction uncertainty hypothesis. Based on these two hypotheses, we separately use autoencoder and Mixture Density Network (MDN) to obtain Trading Mode Deviation (TMD) and Price Prediction Uncertainty (PPU) of samples. TMD and PPU are correlated with the difficulty of samples and can be used to assess the uncertainty of price movement. Then, we propose to use curriculum learning algorithm to train model. The experimental results of the CSI Smallcap 500 index (CSI500) stock trading data show that the Micro-F1 of our method has been improved and our method effectively alleviates the class imbalance. • Using market index to model time-varying market status. • Modeling sample difficulty using two methods. • Utilizing curriculum learning in stock movement prediction. • Do experiments and analysis on CSI 500 index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, photovoltaic (PV) cells have been widely used to cope with the problem of global energy shortage. In the current researches, the PV-TEG-PCM (photovoltaic-thermoelectric generator-phase change material) system can improve the utilization of solar energy and the hybrid system shows better performance. Most of the previous studies were two-dimensional models or steady-state models, which could not accurately evaluate the system performance under fluctuating solar irradiation. This research constructs a three-dimensional thermal simulation transient model of the PV-TEG-PCM system. The model is simulated under fluctuating solar irradiation, model validity has been verified. This research completes and optimizes the theoretical researches of PV-TEG-PCM systems. This research will play a guiding role in the subsequent practical experiments and applications. The effects of PCM melting temperature, thickness and thermal conductivity are studied. The results show that the performance of PV-TEG-PCM system is better than that of PV-TEG or sole PV systems. At the peak sun-hour, the PV temperature was reduced for three types of PV-TEG-PCM systems compared to PV-TEG systems. Through simulation, the PCM layer with 30 mm thickness and melting temperature of 42 °C, can make the PV-TEG-PCM system established this time achieve the best thermal performance. • An unsteady three-dimensional numerical model of the PV-TEG-PCM system is developed. • PV-TEG-PCM system has better performance than PV system and PV-TEG system. • The influence of relevant parameters of PCM on the hybrid system is presented. • 30 mm thick PCM layer achieves the best performance for this hybrid system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By shaping investors' perceptions and assessments of the stock, research reports have significant impacts on the stock market. Due to the limitations of text mining technology, it is difficult for researchers to effectively utilize long research reports, and most studies mainly focus on investor sentiment. However, due to the lack of appropriate open-domain toolkits, the annotations of sentiment often require expensive manual labeling. In addition, most existing studies have shown the success of using textual data as a supplement to historical price data in short-term forecasting, but not in long-term forecasting. To cover this gap and solve the problem of difficult annotations, we introduce a novel knowledge-driven approach for long-term stock movement prediction based on Chinese research reports. In detail, a new long-term Stock Movement Prediction dataset composed of Research Reports is proposed, namely SMPRR. It is mainly composed of long, formal, and professional research reports and historical prices. Furthermore, we propose the Multi-module Feature Fusion method based on the pre-trained language model FinBERT (MFF-FinBERT), which can effectively fuse textual features from research reports. The experiment results show that the proposed model has achieved better performance than existing methods in the forecasting of one-year stock movements, and the accuracy reaches 79.2%. The results also indicate that the basic information of stocks plays an important role in long-term forecasting, which is in line with the theory of value investing. • Predicting long-term stock movements with fused textual features of research reports. • Constructing a dataset composed of research reports and historical prices. • Proposing a multi-module feature fusion method based on pre-trained language models. • The basic information of stocks plays an important role in long-term forecasting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Er3+-Pr3+-Yb3+ tri-doped lanthanum aluminium silicate glasses were successfully prepared by high temperature melting method. • The influence of Er3+-Pr3+ concentration on the optical properties was analyzed. • The visible and near-infrared emission of Er3+-Pr3+-Yb3+ tri-doped SAL glass were investigated. • Broadband emissions at visible and near-infrared were observed with the excitation of 455 nm. • Mechanism of energy transition processes between Er3+, Pr3+, and Yb3+ was proposed and discussed. In this study, Er3+-Pr3+-Yb3+ tri-doped lanthanum aluminium silicate glasses of various doping concentrations were successfully prepared using the conventional melting method. The visible and near-infrared emission properties of Er3+-Pr3+-Yb3+ tri-doped lanthanum aluminium silicate glasses under excitations at 455, 520, and 976 nm were investigated. Moreover, the upconversion (UC) emission spectra of glass under excitation by the 980 nm laser were also investigated. The results showed intense emission bands centered at the visible and near-infrared emission ranges. In addition, the energy transition process between Er3+ and Pr3+ was discussed, and the role of Yb3+ in enhancing the absorption and emission of this system was demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the electrochemical reduction in CO2 using room temperature ionic liquids as solvents or electrolytes, which can minimize the environmental impact of CO2 emissions. To design effective CO2 electrochemical systems, it is crucial to identify intermediate surface species and reaction products in situ. The study investigates the electrochemical reduction in CO2 using a cobalt porphyrin molecular immobilized electrode in 1-n-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMI.BF4) room temperature ionic liquids, through in-situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and electrochemical technique. The results show that the highest faradaic efficiency of CO produced from the electrochemical reduction in CO2 can reach 98%. With the potential getting more negative, the faradaic efficiency of CO decreases while H2 is produced as a competitive product. Besides, water protonates porphyrin macrocycle, producing pholorin as the key intermediate for the hydrogen evolution reaction, leading to the out-of-plane mode of the porphyrin molecule. Absorption of CO2 by the ionic liquids leads to the formation of BMI·CO2 adduct in BMI·BF4 solution, causing vibration modes at 1100, 1457, and 1509 cm−1. However, the key intermediate of CO 2 − · radical is not observed. The υ(CO) stretching mode of absorbed CO is affected by the electrochemical Stark effect, typical of CO chemisorbed on a top site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present two types of refractive index sensors by using tunable terahertz (THz) metamaterial (TTM) based on two concentric split-ring resonators (SRRs) with different splits. By modifying the distance between SRRs and substrate, TTM shows tunable single- and dual-resonance characteristic. The maximum tuning range of resonance is 0.432 THz from 0.958 THz to 1.390 THz. To demonstrate a great flexibility of TTM in real application, TTM device is exposed on the surrounding ambient with different refractive index (n). The sensitivity of TTM can be enhanced by increasing SRR height, which is increased from 0.18 THz/RIU to 1.12 THz/RIU under the condition of n = 1.1. These results provide a strategy to improve the sensing performance of the metamaterial-based sensing device by properly arranging the geometric position of meta-atoms. The proposed TTM device can be used for tunable filters, frequency-selective detectors, and tunable high-efficiency sensors in the THz frequency range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nanohybrid of CoSe 2 -NiSe 2 heterojunction and HrGO was synthesized via combining thermal etching and in-situ selenization strategy. The holey reduced graphene oxide (HrGO) enabling rapid Na+ diffusion along this direction. CoSe 2 -NiSe 2 heterojunction creates an internal electric field, which leads to a rapid electrochemical reaction kinetic at the heterojunction interface. The incorporation of HrGO with CoSe 2 -NiSe 2 heterojunctions synergistically enhances both external and internal charge transfer rate, thereby improving the fast-charging performance of SIBs. [Display omitted] • The nanohybrid of CoSe 2 -NiSe 2 and HrGO is synthesized via combining thermal etching and in-situ selenization strategy. • The Na+ storage mechanism was well revealed by using the in-situ/ex-situ characterizations and DFT calculations. • These features contribute to excellent rate performance (392.4mAh/g at 15 A/g) and competitive cycling stability. • The synergistic effect o'f the nanoporous structure in HrGO and CoSe 2 -NiSe 2 heterostructure can improve Na+ transport rate. Inspired by the "Barrel principle" and based on the working principle of the "rocking chair". We propose two shortboards that "bulk diffusion rate" and "ion reaction rate", which affect the fast charging of sodium ion batteries (SIBs). The holey reduced graphene oxide (HrGO) with abundant nanopores provides longitudinal diffusion channels, enabling rapid Na+ diffusion along this direction, which solves the shortboard of bulk diffusion rate. Additionally, heterojunctions are considered a viable approach for enhancing fast Na+ storage performance by providing more storage sites and accelerating the kinetics of Na+ reaction, which solve the shortboard of ion reaction rate. Herein, we construct HrGO combined with CoSe 2 -NiSe 2 heterojunctions has been rationally fabricated to synergistically enhance the ionic and electronic diffusion kinetics. As expected, the CoSe 2 -NiSe 2 /HrGO anode in SIBs shows an excellent fast-charging performance (392.4mAh/g at 15 A/g), surpassing most Co/Ni-based selenide anodes. Additionally, the assembled CoSe 2 -NiSe 2 /HrGO||NVP full cell delivers a high specific capacity of 116.1 and 95.4mAh/g at 0.1 and 20C, respectively, coupled with 97.8 % capacity retention rate for 100 cycles. Furthermore, we elucidate the mechanism of Na+ storage and fast transport through electrochemical kinetic analysis, in situ and ex situ characterizations, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and distribution of relaxation times (DRT). Importantly, this study provides theoretical insights into accelerating rapid Na+ transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Step 1: The diffusion process of Na+ in the bulk phase of the composites. Step 2: Charge transfer reaction process. Step 3: The transport process of Na+ through SEI layer. The accuracy of kinetic interpretation is significantly improved by combining ex-situ TEM with distribution of relaxation times (DRT) to analyses electrochemical processes. [Display omitted] • A template method is employed to construct Sb/Sb 2 O 3 embedded N-doped porous carbon. • The accuracy of kinetic analysis is improved by combining ex-situ TEM with DRT. • N-doping creates more Na+ storage sites to improve the capacity. • The Sb/Sb 2 O 3 @NPC anode exhibits excellent cycle performance. Sb-based materials are considered as promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their excellent sodium storage capacities and suitable potentials. However, the Sb-based anodes usually suffer from intense volume expansion and severe pulverization during the alloying-dealloying process, resulting in poor cycling performance. Herein, a composite anode with Sb/Sb 2 O 3 nanoparticles embedded in N-doped porous carbon is prepared by the gas–solid dual template method. The volume change of the anode material is mitigated by the carbon layer enwrapping and the confinement of the porous structure. Nitrogen doping provides abundant sodium storage sites, thus enhancing the storage capacity of sodium ion. Furthermore, to gain the accurate kinetic interpretation of the electrochemical process, an ex-situ transmission electron microscope (TEM) characterization combined with distribution of relaxation times (DRT) is conducted. The Sb/Sb 2 O 3 @NPC-1.0 demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance, achieving 340.3 mAh g−1 at 1A g−1, and maintains a capacity of 86.7 % after 1000 cycles. This work paves the way for the practical application of SIBs with high-performance and long-life Sb-based anodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biochar and green manure have been widely applied in agricultural production and are important means to achieve sustainable agriculture. However, there is limited research systematically and comprehensively exploring the response of soil microbiota and the changes in soil metabolomics after the addition of two different carbon source amendments to the soil, and the differential mechanisms of soil metabolomics between them remain unclear. In this study, a long-term field experiment (initiated in 2019) was conducted to investigate the effects of biochar and green manure application on soil nutrients and soil functions driven by soil microbes. Compared to the pure fertilizer treatment, biochar increased soil total carbon by 14.54% to 27.04% and soil available potassium by 4.67% to 27.46%. Ryegrass significantly increased soil available phosphorus and organic matter. Under different fertilization regimes, the ecological niches of soil microbes changed significantly. Network analysis revealed that long-term ryegrass returning reduced the complexity of soil microbial networks. Ryegrass and biochar increased dispersal limitation in fungal assemblages (reaching 93.33% and 86.67%, respectively), with biochar particularly enhancing variable selection in bacterial assemblages (accounting for 53.33%). Variation partitioning analysis based on redundancy analysis indicated that humic substances had the highest explanatory power for microbial community variation, with humic substances explaining 38.49% of bacteria and 52.19% of fungi variation. The ryegrass treatment mainly changed the abundance of carbohydrates (CH), amines (AM), c (AH), and lipids (LP), while the BC treatment mainly altered the abundance of organic acids (AC), amines (AM), and carbohydrates (CH). Meanwhile, both treatments significantly reduced the bisphenol A, one of the soil pollutants. Ryegrass incorporation significantly increased the abundance of genes related to soil C, N, P, and S cycling, especially genes involved in carbon decomposition, while biochar significantly enhanced the abundance of nitrogen fixation genes nifH and Hao in soil. Random forest model results indicated that carbohydrates, alcohols, aromatics (AR), and ester (ES) were the main categories of metabolites in soil influenced by differential microbes, and Finegoldia served as a common important metabolic driving species. In summary, this study reveals the processes of soil function, microbial community succession, and metabolism driven by ryegrass and biochar, providing important insights for optimizing soil management and improving soil quality. Highlights: Ryegrass green manure (RG) and biochar (BC) induced the simplification of microbial networks and an increase in fungi's random assembly processes. RG promoted denitrification and carbon degradation functional genes, while BC enhanced nitrogen fixation genes. RG accelerated soil energy flow by promoting M00307 and M00061. In RG-treated soil, the main metabolites were Carbohydrates, while in BC-treated soil, the main metabolites were Acids and Amines. Both treatments reduced soil pollutant bisphenol A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are considered potential biomarkers for various diseases. This study investigated whether hsa-miR-320a-3p and hsa-miR-483-5p levels in human ovarian granulosa cells derived from follicular fluids are associated with embryo developmental competence. Methods: We collected 195 granulosa cells samples and analyzed the treatment outcomes in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (n = 147) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (n = 48) cycles. The hsa-miR-320a-3p and hsa-miR-483-5p levels in granulosa cells were measured using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results: Patients were subdivided into four groups according to the granulosa cells hsa-miR-320a-3p and hsa-miR-483-5p levels quartiles (Q1–Q4). Embryo developmental competence was compared using the chi-square test. Patients in Q3 were less likely to achieve a normal fertilization rate for in vitro fertilization and blastocyst formation than those in Q1 as they expressed high levels of hsa-miR-320a-3p and hsa-miR-483-5p (P < 0.05). Patients in Q3 and Q4 were less likely to achieve a good-quality embryo as they expressed high levels of hsa-miR-483-5p and hsa-miR-320a-3p (P < 0.05). The hsa-miR-320a-3p and hsa-miR-483-5p levels were not associated with clinical pregnancy. However, multiple regression analysis indicated that in Q3 and Q4 intervals had experienced a decreased chance of live birth due to high expression levels of hsa-miR-320a-3p and hsa-miR-483-5p levels. The relative hsa-miR-320a-3p expression levels in granulosa cells were weakly and positively correlated with the patient age (P = 0.0033). Moreover, both the basal follicle stimulating hormone (P = 0.0003) and ovarian stimulation protocols (P = 0.006 and P = 0.004) significantly and positively affected hsa-miR-320a-3p levels. The days of stimulation was negatively correlated with the relative hsa-miR-320a-3p expression level (P = 0.047). Conclusions: The hsa-miR-320a-3p and hsa-miR-483-5p levels in human granulosa cells negatively correlated with the good-quality embryo rate and live birth, indicating that hsa-miR-320a-3p and hsa-miR-483-5p can be used as potential negative indicators to predict good-quality embryos and live births. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To tailor the fiber–matrix interface of SiC nanowires‐reinforced SiC (SiCnw/SiC) ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) for improved mechanical properties, SiC nanowires were coated with BN and pyrolytic carbon (PyC) compound coatings prepared by the dip‐coating process in boric acid and urea solution and the pyrolysis of phenolic resin. SiCnw/SiC CMC with PyC/BN interfaces were fabricated by reactive melt infiltration (RMI) at 1680°C for 1 h. The influences of phenolic resin content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the CMC were investigated. The results showed that the flexural strength and fracture toughness reach the maximum values of 294 MPa and 4.74 MPa m1/2 as the phenolic resin content was 16 and 12 wt%, respectively. The displacement–load curve of the sample exhibited a gradient drop with increasing phenolic resin content up to 12 wt%. The results demonstrated that the PyC/BN compound coatings could play the role of protecting the SiCnw from degradation as well as improving the more moderate interfacial bonding strengths during the RMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disorder, is frequently linked with metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychological comorbidities. Recent research has highlighted the correlation between psoriasis and major depressive disorder (MDD); however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Commonly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in psoriasis and MDD were identified and visualized using data from the GEO database. Subsequently, functional enrichment analysis was conducted using Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Genemania. The hub gene was selected through LASSO and Random Forest algorithms, validated in clinical tissues using Student's t -test and Receiver Operating Characteristic curve. To investigate the hub gene's function in disease phenotype, we established imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasiform dermatitis and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mouse models. Lentiviral shRNA interference was topically applied in mice, and downstream pathways were validated at the mRNA and protein levels. A total of 395 overlapping DEGs were identified from GSE121212 and GSE54568 datasets, and twenty core genes were extracted. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the core genes were significantly associated with the Wnt signaling pathway, neurodegeneration, and energy metabolism. CD19 was identified as the hub gene through algorithms, and external validation showed remarkable AUC values of 0.69 and 0.74, respectively. The level of CD19 increased significantly in IMQ-treated and CUMS-treated mice. Suppression of CD19 significantly alleviated the phenotypes of IMQ-induced psoriasiform dermatitis and CUMS-induced depressive-like behaviors by regulating the PPARγ/β-catenin/Wnt3a pathway. CD19 may serve as a common biomarker or therapeutic target of psoriasis and MDD via PPARγ/β-catenin/Wnt3a pathway. • Identification of CD19 as a Shared Biomarker linking psoriasis and major depressive disorder. • CD19 could regulate the PPARγ/β-catenin/Wnt3a Pathway pathway. • CD19 could influence the pathogenesis of psoriasis and major depressive disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Production scheduling has great significance for optimizing tasks distribution, reducing energy consumption and mitigating environmental degradation. Currently, the research of production scheduling considering energy consumption mainly focuses on the traditional manufacturing workshop. With the wide application of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the real-time data of manufacturing resources and production processes can be retrieved easily. These manufacturing data can provide opportunities for manufacturing enterprises to reduce energy consumption and enhance production efficiency. To achieve these targets, a multi-period production planning based real-time scheduling (MPPRS) approach for the IoT-enabled low-carbon flexible job shop (LFJS) is presented in this study to carry out real-time scheduling based on the real-time manufacturing data. Then, the mathematical models of real-time scheduling are established to achieve production efficiency improvement and energy consumption reduction. To obtain a feasible solution, an infinitely repeated game optimization approach is used. Finally, a case study is implemented to analyse and discuss the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that in general, the proposed method can achieve better results than the existing dynamic scheduling methods. • Infinitely repeated game method was used to reduce real-time scheduling's complexity. • Production planning layer was used to generate new scheduling as a production planning. • Real-time scheduling layer was used to finish operations from production planning layer. • Applying real-time data can timely reduce the influence of exceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]