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Substitution of Sb with Sn was achieved in ferrimagnetic antiperovskite Mn3SbN. The experimental results indicate that with an increase in Sn concentration, the magnetization continuously decreases and the crystal structure of Mn3Sb1-xSnxN changes from tetragonal to cubic phase at around x of 0.8. In the doping series, step-like anomaly in the isothermal magnetization was found and this behavior was highlighted at x = 0.4. The anomaly could be attributed to the magnetic frustration, resulting from competition between the multiple spin configurations in the antiperovskite lattice. Meantime, Hc of 18 kOe was observed at x=03, which is probably the highest among those of manganese antiperovskite materials reported so far. With increasing Sn content, the abrupt change of resistivity and the sharp peak of heat capacity in Mn3SbN were gradually weakened. The crystal structure refinements indicate the weakened change at the magnetic transition is close related to the change of c/a ratio variation from tetragonal to cubic with Sn content. The results derived from this study indicate that the behavior of Mn3Sb1-xSnxN could potentially enhance its scientific and technical applications, such as spin torque transfer and hard magnets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the (Hbp, Lp) and (HKq,bα,p, Kqα,p) type boundedness for the multilinear commutator associated with the Littlewood-Paley operator on Hardy and Herz-Hardy spaces are obtained, using some techniques for classical inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we prove the weighted endpoint estimates for multilinear commutator of singular integral operators with non-smooth kernels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove the weighted boundedness properties for the multilinear operator associated to the singular integral operator with general kernels for the extreme cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In continuation of the series of perovskite oxides that includes 3d4 cubic BaFeO3 and 4d4 cubic BaRuO3, 5d4 cubic BaOsO3 was synthesized by a solid-state reaction at a pressure of 17 GPa, and its crystal structure was investigated by synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction measurements. In addition, its magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity, and specific heat were measured over temperatures ranging from 2 to 400 K. The results establish a series of d4 cubic perovskite oxides, which can help in the mapping of the itinerant ferromagnetism that is free from any complication from local lattice distortions for transitions from the 3d orbital to the 5d orbital. Such a perovskite series has never been synthesized at any d configuration to date. Although cubic BaOsO3 did not exhibit long-range ferromagnetic order unlike cubic BaFeO3 and BaRuO3, enhanced feature of paramagnetism was detected with weak temperature dependence. Orthorhombic CaOsO3 and SrOsO3 show similar magnetic behaviors. CaOsO3 is not as conducting as SrOsO3 and BaOsO3, presumably due to impact of tilting of octahedra on the width of the t2g band. These results elucidate the evolution of the magnetism of perovskite oxides not only in the 5d system but also in group 8 of the periodic table. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stochastic dissipative quantum Zakharov equations with white noise are studied. The existence and uniqueness of solutions are obtained by using the standard Galerkin approximation method on the basis of the time uniform a priori estimates in various spaces. Moreover, the asymptotic behaviors of the solutions for the stochastic dissipative quantum Zakharov equations with white noise are also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon-for-nitrogen substitution (51 at% at most) was achieved in the antiferromagnetic metallic host material Mn3ZnN. The various carbon-doped compounds were studied using synchrotron X-ray diffraction, and their electrical resistivities, specific heats, and degrees of magnetization were measured for temperatures of 2--400 K. The sharp antiferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic transition of the host material at 185 K broadened markedly as the carbon content was increased, and a significant ferromagnetic character was found to coexist with the antiferromagnetism when the carbon concentration exceeded 27 at%. This critical magnetic behavior is likely in part due to the increase in the density of states at the Fermi level and the increase in the distance between neighboring Mn atoms. The exact mechanism responsible for the induction of die complicated magnetic state could not be determined. However, the results demonstrate dearly that the chemical tuning of the X site in antiperovskite Mn3AX materials is as useful as that of the A and Mn be used to develop the properties of these materials for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A gradual increase of the hydrogen content in LaFeAsO0.85Hx (x = 0-0.85) resulted in a continuous Tc enhancement behavior. Tc increased significantly from ~26 K (x = 0) to a value of ~35.5 K (x = 0.85). As the Tc was enhanced, structure analysis revealed a coupled gradual contraction of the lattice constants and a reduction of the As-Fe-As bond angle towards the ideal value of 109.5° of the regular tetrahedron. Since the Hall coefficient measurement detected no substantial change in the carrier number, optimization of structural parameters rather than carrier doping is likely to have played the leading role in the Tc enhancement, which could provide an important clue to the strong correlation between superconductivity and the structural parameters of iron-based superconductors. Some key phenomenological parameters, including the lower and the upper critical magnetic fields, critical current density, the density of states at the Fermi level of hydrogen-free and substituted samples, were also compared based on the magnetic and electrical characterizations, but no substantial changes were found to be associated with the hydrogen addition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The postspinel mineral MgAl2O4 exists only under the severe pressure conditions in the subducted oceanic lithosphere in the Earth's deep interior. Here we report that its analogous oxide CdRh204 exhibits a structural transition to a quenchable postspinel phase under a high pressure of 6 GPa at 1400 °C, which is within the general pressure range of a conventional single-stage multianvil system. In addition, the complex magnetic contributions to the lattice and metal nonstoichiometry that often complicate investigations of other analogues of MgAl2O4 are absent in CdRh204. X-ray crystallography revealed that this postspinel phase has an orthorhombic CaFe204 structure, thus making it a practical analogue for investigations into the geophysical role of postspinel MgAl2O4 Replacement of Mg2+ with Cd2+ appears to be effective in lowering the pressure required for transition, as was suggested for CdGeO3. In addition, Rh3+ could also contribute to this reduction, as many analogous Rh oxides of aluminous and silicic minerals have been quenched from lower-pressure conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nonmagnetic impurity effect is studied on the Fe-based BaFe1.89-2xCo0.11As2 superconductor (Tc = 25 K) with Zn substitution for Fe up to 8 at. %, which is achieved by means of high-pressure and high-temperature heating. Tc decreases almost linearly with increasing Zn content and disappears at ∼8 at. %. It is different in the shared phenomenology of the early Zn doping studies, where Tc decreased little. The decreasing Tc rate, however, remains much lower (3.63 K/%) than what is expected for the s±-wave model, implying the model is inaccurate. Another symmetry model such as the non-sign-reversal s-wave model may better account for the result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crystals of the newly synthesized compound Ca3LiOsO6 were grown by a flux method using LiCl and KCl, followed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), low-temperature powder XRD, and measurements of ac and dc magnetic susceptibility and specific heat. The data indicate that Ca3LiOsO6 has a fully opened electronic gap with an antiferromagnetic ordered state, consistent with suggestions from the first-principles study. The observed magnetic transition temperature is 117 K, too high to be caused only by a direct spin-spin interaction. It appears that the original superexchange magnetic path Os-O-Os is absent; thus, the extended superexchange path (Os-O)-(O-Os) can be expected to be responsible for the 117 K magnetic order. If this is true, Ca3LiOsO6 would be highly valuable to study the nature of extended superexchange magnetic interactions in solids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honeycomb paperboard is a kind of environmental-friendly package cushioning material with honeycomb sandwich structure, and may be employed to protect products from shock or vibration damage during distribution. This paper deals with the characterization of properties of honeycomb paperboard relevant to its application for protective packaging in transportation, such as dynamic cushion curves and vibration transmissibility. The main feature of the paper is the evaluation on the shock absorbing characteristics and vibration transmissibility of honeycomb paperboards with different thickness by a series of experimental studies on the drop shock machine and vibration table. By using the fitting polynomial of the curve, the experiential formulas and characteristic coefficients of dynamic cushion curves of honeycomb paperboards with different thickness have been obtained. From the vibration tests with slow sine sweep, the peak frequencies and vibration transmissibility are measured and used to estimate the damping ratios. All the works provide basic data and curves relevant to its application for protective packaging in transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main research of this paper is decision making under the dual probabilistic linguistic term sets (DPLTSs). This paper introduces a method, which combined TODIM method and CRITIC method. In this research, the CRITIC method is used to determine the weight, and the distance formula of TODIM method has been modified in order to adapt to DPLTS situation. Then, the TODIM method is used for multi-attribute group decision making (MAGDM) problem. Finally, a case study concerning investment project selection is given to demonstrate the merits of the developed methods. This combined method can be used for the automatic areal feature matching, medical quality assessment, and ranking of matching processes. There are very few papers about using TODIM method under DPLTS situation at present, so this is a new perspective on MAGDM. The DPLTS-TODIM-CRITIC method was compared with correlation coefficient method and closeness coefficient method, and it is easy to find the advantage of this new method over the other two existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, a series of serious attacks against industrial control system (ICS), such as Stuxnet, Duqu, Flame and Havex, have sounded the alarm for industrial enterprises. For many industrial enterprises, it is a very important part of enterprise management decisions to evaluate ICS security suppliers and choose the appropriate one as a partner. The purpose of this paper is to build the TODIM method based on cumulative prospect theory (CPT-TODIM) to solve multiattribute group decision making problem under interval-valued bipolar fuzzy environment. This extraordinary model not only uses CPT to supplement the traditional TODIM method, but also introduces the entropy weight method to determine the attribute weight so as to avoid the negative influence of subjective weight on the decision result. In addition, in this model, all attribute evaluation information will be interval-valued bipolar fuzzy number (IVBFN) to cope with complex and fuzzy decision environment. Then, the most important part of this paper, we elaborate on the logical structure of the model. What's more, in the last two sections, we apply this newly constructed model to the selection of ICS security suppliers, and verify the acceptability of this method by sensitivity analysis and comparing with IVBFWA and IVBFWG operator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we report the synthesis of a new cubic neodymium-rhenium metallic alloy NdRe2 through the utilization of high pressure and laser heating in a diamond anvil cell. NdRe2 crystallizes in the … space group with a lattice parameter equal to 7.486 (2) Å and Z = 8 at 24 (1) GPa and 2,200 (100) K. It was studied using high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the cubic MgCu2 structure type. Its successful synthesis further proves that high-pressure high-temperature conditions can be used to obtain alloys holding a Laves phase structure. Ab initio calculations were done to predict the mechanical properties of the material. We also discuss the usage of extreme conditions to synthesize and study materials present in the nuclear waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Probabilistic uncertain linguistic sets (PULTSs) have widely been used in MADM or MAGDM. The CODAS method, which is a novel MADM or MAGDM tool, aims to acquire the optimal choice which have the largest Euclidean & Hamming distances from the NIS. This paper designs the probabilistic uncertain linguistic CODAS (PUL-CODAS) method with sine entropy weight. Finally, a numerical example for green supplier selection is given and the obtained results are compared with some existing models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we develop the COPRAS model to solve the multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) under single-valued neutrosophic 2-tuple linguistic sets (SVN2TLSs). Firstly, we introduce the relevant knowledge about SVN2TLSs in a nutshell, such as the definition, the operation laws, a few of fused operators and so on. Then, combine the traditional COPRAS model with SVN2TLNs, and structure as well as elucidate the computing steps of the SVN2TLNCOPRAS pattern. Furthermore, in this article, we propose a method for determining attribute weights in different situations relying on the maximizing deviation method with SVN2TLNs. Last but not least, a numerical example about assessing the safety of construction project has been designed. And for further demonstrating the advantage of the new designed method, we also select a number of existed methods to have comparisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite materials provide a large variety of interesting physical properties and applications. Here, we report on unique properties of a fully ordered magnetodielectric double-perovskite, Sc2 NiMnO6 (space group P21/n, a = 4.99860 Å, b = 5.35281 Å, c = 7.34496 Å, and β = 90.7915°), exhibiting sequential magnetic transitions at T1= 35 K and T2 = 17 K. The transition at T1 corresponds to a single-k antiferromagnetic phase with propagation vector k1 = (1/2, 0, 1/2), while the second transition at T2 corresponds to a 2-k magnetic structure with propagation vectors k1 = (1/2, 0, 1/2) and k2 = (0, 1/2, 1/2). Symmetry analysis suggests that the two ordering wave vectors are independent, and calculations imply that k1 is associated with the Mn sublattice and k2 with the Ni sublattice, suggesting that Mn-Ni coupling is very small or absent. A magnetodielectric anomaly at T2 likely arises from an antiferroelectric ordering that results from the exchange-striction between the two magnetic sublattices belonging to k1 and k2. The behavior of Sc2NiMnO6 demonstrates 3d double-perovskites with small A-site cations as a promising avenue in which to search for magnetoelectric materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite materials provide a large variety of interesting physical properties and applications. Here, we report on unique properties of a fully ordered magnetodielectric double-perovskite, Sc2NiMnO6 (space group P21/n, a = 4.99860 Å, b = 5.35281 Å, c = 7.34496 Å, and β = 90.7915°), exhibiting sequential magnetic transitions at T1 = 35 K and T2 = 17 K. The transition at T1 corresponds to a single-k antiferromagnetic phase with propagation vector k1 = (1/2, 0, 1/2), while the second transition at T2 corresponds to a 2-k magnetic structure with propagation vectors k1 = (1/2, 0, 1/2) and k2 = (0, 1/2, 1/2). Symmetry analysis suggests that the two ordering wave vectors are independent, and calculations imply that k1 is associated with the Mn sublattice and k2 with the Ni sublattice, suggesting that Mn-Ni coupling is very small or absent. A magnetodielectric anomaly at T2 likely arises from an antiferroelectric ordering that results from the exchange-striction between the two magnetic sublattices belonging to k1 and k2. The behavior of Sc2NiMnO6 demonstrates 3d double-perovskites with small A-site cations as a promising avenue in which to search for magnetoelectric materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high-pressure-synthesized double perovskite Sr2YOsO6 was investigated by synchrotron X-ray diffraction and measurements of its magnetic susceptibility, specific heat capacity, complex impedance, and complex dielectric constant. It crystallized into a monoclinic double perovskite structure (P21/n) with complete ordering of the Y and Os atoms. Its magnetic behaviors, including the antiferromagnetic transition temperature (~52 K), Curie-Weiss effective moment [3.48(5) μB/Os], and Weiss temperature [-350.1(7) K], were close to the respective values of Sr2YOsO6 previously synthesized without an applied pressure of 6 GPa. Transport property measurements revealed that the lower limit of the activation energy was 192(1) meV and the charge gap remained open regardless of the presence of magnetic order, conflicting with the electron delocalization predicted by theoretical calculations. Further consideration, including theoretical and experimental investigations of the roles of spin-orbit coupling and U of the 5d electrons of Os 5d-t2g³, may assist in understanding the general magnetic and insulating behaviors of quasi-half-filled 5d-t2g 3oxides in the perovskite category toward the use of 5d double perovskite for magnetic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of 3D printing technology, 3D printers are manufactured based on the principle of 3D printing technology are more and more widely used in the manufacturing industry. Choosing high quality 3D printers for industrial production is of great significance to the economic growth of enterprises. In fact, it is difficult to select the most optimal 3D printers under a single and simple standard. Therefore, this paper establishes the probabilistic double hierarchy linguistic EDAS (PDHL-EDAS) method for the multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM). Then the CRITIC model is introduced to derive objective weight and the cumulative prospect theory is leaded into obtain the cumulative weight of PDHLTS. In addition, what's more, the PDHL-EDAS method is built and applied to the choice of high-quality 3D printer. Finally, compared with the available MAGDM methods under PDHLTS, the built method is proved to be scientific and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the CODAS (CombinativeDistance-basedAssessment) is utilized to address someMAGDMissues by using picture 2-tuple linguistic numbers (P2TLNs). At first, some essential concepts of picture 2-tuple linguistic sets (P2TLSs) are briefly reviewed. Then, the CODAS method with P2TLNs is constructed and all calculating procedures are simply depicted. Eventually, an empirical application of green supplier selection has been offered to demonstrate this novel method and some comparative analysis between the CODAS method with P2TLNs and several methods are also made to confirm the merits of the developed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we combine some fundamental theories of the Pythagorean 2-tuple linguistic sets (P2TLSs) with EDAS method and design the Pythagorean 2-tuple linguistic number (P2TLN) EDAS (P2TLN-EDAS) method for multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) issue. Firstly, the basic concepts of P2TLSs are introduced. Next, two aggregation operators of P2TLN are defined, and then the calculation steps of EDAS method are listed briefly. Furthermore, P2TLN-EDAS method is given for MAGDM problems and computing steps are proposed in detail. Finally, a computational example related to construction safety assessment is used to expound the effectiveness of the designed method. Meanwhile, we also carried out some comparative analysis between P2TLN-EDAS method and P2TLWA/P2TLWG operators and another P2TLN-TODIM method. The results show that P2TLN-EDAS method derives the same best alternative as P2TLWA, P2TLWG operators and P2TLN-TODIM method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solutions of phenol and the mixture of phenol and ammonia were gasified in a continuous supercritical water reactor to evaluate the influences of ammonia on the hydrogen production and the degradation pathways of phenol. The effects of temperature (560-640 °C), reaction time (2-20 s) and concentration of ammonia (500-2000 mg/L) on gaseous distributions, gasification efficiencies and reactants removal efficiencies were investigated. In addition, the effects of ammonia on the kinds of intermediate products were analyzed. Results showed that the increasing temperature greatly promoted the hydrogen production and degradation of phenol. Longer reaction time gave a positive effect on gasification efficiencies in 10 s, while the effect was little when the reaction time longer than 10 s. Ammonia prevented the production of hydrogen and the degradation of phenol, which was mainly due to the generation of more stable nitrogen polycyclic compounds. The possible degradation pathways for the mixture of phenol and ammonia were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

5d and 3d hybrid solid-state oxide Ca2FeOsO6 crystallizes into an ordered double-perovskite structure with a space group of P21/n with high-pressures and temperatures. Ca2FeOsO6 presents a long-range ferrimagnetic transition at a temperature of 320 K (Tc) and is not a band insulator, but is electrically insulating like the recently discovered Sr2CrOsO6 (Tc 725 K). The electronic stat of Ca2FeOsO6 is adjacent to a half-metallic state as well as that of Sr2CrOsO6. In addition, the high-Tc ferrimagnetism was driven by lattice distortion, which was observed for the first time among double-perovskite oxides and represents complex interplays between spins and orbitals. Unlike conventional ferrite and garnet, the interplays likely play a pivotal role of the ferrimagnetism. A new class of 5d-3d hybrid ferrimagnetic insulators with high-Tc is established to develop practically and scientifically useful spintronic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antiperovskite Mn3ZnN is studied by neutron diffraction at temperatures between 50 and 295 K. Mn3ZnN crystaUizes to form a cubic structure at room temperature (Cl phase). Upon cooling, another cubic structure (C2 phase) appears at around 177 K. Interestingly, the C2 phase disappears below 140 K. The maximum mass concentration of the C2 phase is approximately 85% (at 160 K). The coexistence of C1 and C2 phase in the temperature interval of 140--177 K implies that phase separation occurs. Although the C1 and C2 phases share their composition and lattice symmetry, the C2 phase has a sUghtly larger lattice parameter (&Dgr;a ≈ 0.53%) and a different magnetic structure. The C2 phase is further investigated by neutron difeaction under high-pressure conditions (up to 270 MPa). The results shovi that the unusual appearance and disappearance of the C2 phase is accompanied by magnetic ordering. MiijZnN is thus a valuable subject for study of the magneto-lattice effect and phase separation behavior because this is rarely observed in nonoxide materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum materials with layered kagome structures have drawn considerable attention due to their unique lattice geometry, which gives rise to flat bands together with Dirac-like dispersions. Recently, vanadium-based materials with layered kagome structures were discovered to be topological metals, which exhibit charge density wave (CDW) properties, significant anomalous Hall effect, and unusual superconductivity at low temperatures. Here, we employ angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to investigate the electronic structure evolution upon the CDW transition in a vanadium-based kagome material RbV3Sb5. The CDW phase transition gives rise to a partial energy gap opening at the boundary of the Brillouin zone and, most importantly, the emergence of new van Hove singularities associated with large density of states, which are absent in the normal phase and might be related to the superconductivity observed at lower temperatures. Our work sheds light on the microscopic mechanisms for the formation of the CDW and superconducting states in these topological kagome metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The superconductivity of a kagome superconductor CsV 3 Sb 5 is studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy at ultralow temperature with high resolution. Two kinds of superconducting gaps with multiple sets of coherent peaks and residual zero-energy density of states (DOS) are observed on both half-Cs and Sb surfaces, implying multiband superconductivity. In addition, in-gap states can be induced by magnetic impurities but not by nonmagnetic impurities, suggesting a sign-preserving or s -wave superconducting order parameter. Moreover, the interplay between charge density waves (CDW) and superconductivity differs on various bands, resulting in different density-of-states distributions. Our results suggest that the superconducting gap is likely isotropic on the sections of Fermi surface that play little roles in CDW, and the superconducting gaps on the sections of Fermi surface with anisotropic CDW gaps are likely anisotropic as well. The residual spectral weights at zero energy are attributed to the extremely small superconducting gap on the tiny oval Fermi pockets. Our study provides critical clues for further understanding the superconductivity and its relation to CDW in CsV 3 Sb 5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetic van der Waals crystals MnBi2Te4/(Bi2Te3)n have drawn significant attention due to their rich topological properties and the tunability by external magnetic field. Although the MnBi2Te4/(Bi2Te3)n family have been intensively studied in the past few years, their close relatives, the MnSb2Te4/(Sb2Te3)n family, remain much less explored. In this work, combining magnetotransport measurements, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, and first principles calculations, we find that MnSb4Te7, the n=1 member of the MnSb2Te4/(Sb2Te3)n family, is a magnetic topological system with versatile topological phases that can be manipulated by both carrier doping and magnetic field. Our calculations unveil that its A-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) ground state stays in a Z2 AFM topological insulator phase, which can be converted to an inversion-symmetry-protected axion insulator phase when in the ferromagnetic (FM) state. Moreover, when this system in the FM phase is slightly carrier doped on either the electron or hole side, it becomes a Weyl semimetal with multiple Weyl nodes in the highest valence bands and lowest conduction bands, which are manifested by the measured notable anomalous Hall effect. Our work thus introduces a new magnetic topological material with different topological phases that are highly tunable by carrier doping or magnetic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent discovery of intrinsic ferromagnetic order in the atomically thin van der Waals crystal CrXTe3 (X=Si, Ge) stimulates intensive studies on the nature of low-dimensional magnetism because the presence of long-range magnetic order in two-dimensional systems with continuous symmetry is strictly prohibited by thermal fluctuations. By combining advanced many-body calculations with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy we investigate CrSiTe3 single crystals and unveil the pivotal role played by the strong electronic correlations at both high- and low-temperature regimes. Above the Curie temperature (Tc), Coulomb repulsion (U) drives the system into a charge transfer insulating phase. In contrast, below Tc the crystal field arranges the Cr-3d orbitals such that the ferromagnetic superexchange profits, giving rise to the bulk ferromagnetic ground state with which the electronic correlations compete. The excellent agreement between theory and experiment establishes CrSiTe3 as a prototype low-dimensional crystal with the cooperation and interplay of electronic correlation and ferromagnetism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]