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With the development of the social economy and the deepening understanding of cancer, cancer has become a significant cause of death, threatening human health. Although researchers have made rapid progress in cancer treatment strategies in recent years, the overall survival of cancer patients is still not optimistic. Therefore, it is essential to reveal the spatial pattern of gene expression, spatial heterogeneity of cell populations, microenvironment interactions, and other aspects of cancer. Spatiotemporal transcriptomics can help analyze the mechanism of cancer occurrence and development, greatly help precise cancer treatment, and improve clinical prognosis. Here, we review the integration strategies of single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics data, summarize the recent advances in spatiotemporal transcriptomics in cancer studies, and discuss the combined application of spatial multiomics, which provides new directions and strategies for the precise treatment and clinical prognosis of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-performance InAlZnO (IAZO) Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) with top Pd/IAZO Schottky contact were fabricated, and the influence of sputtering power used to prepare IAZO films on the device performance was investigated. The 50 W-fabricated IAZO SBD exhibited the relatively best electrical properties, including a close-to-unity ideality factor (1.03), a high rectification ratio (1.83 × 107), a low series resistance (237.5 mΩ cm2), large barrier heights (0.87 and 0.82 eV), and a small barrier inhomogeneity (0.05 eV), which was mainly due to the least background doping density (8.43 × 1015/cm3) and interface state density (4.30 × 1010/eV cm2) at 50 W. Meanwhile, the IAZO SBDs prepared at 50 W also displayed the best device uniformity and highest reverse breakdown voltage (−15.23 ± 0.405 V). A 50 W-fabricated IAZO SBD with a horizontal structure was then applied to the ultraviolet photodetector, and it showed good detection effect, especially the fast response with an average rise time of 0.208 s and an average decay time of 0.094 s. Our study indicates the great research value and development potential of IAZO SBDs in future integrated circuits and other fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thin-film Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) based on amorphous oxide semiconductors play an important role in flexible and wearable electronics. In this work, thin-film SBDs based on indium–gallium–zinc oxide (InGaZnO or IGZO) were fabricated with sputtered PdOx/Pd top Schottky contact and low-temperature (100 °C) annealing in air atmosphere. PdOx produces an oxygen-rich stoichiometry in the Schottky interface, resulting in high-quality contact with rather low interface trap state density of $2.6\times 10^{17}$ cm−3 and extremely low barrier inhomogeneity of 0.01 eV. As a result, high-performance IGZO SBDs were achieved with high ON/ OFF ratio of $3\times 10^{7}$ , near–unity ideality factor of 1.04, barrier height of 0.85 eV, high ON-current density of 2.5 $\text{A}\cdot $ cm−2 at 1 V, and high reverse breakdown voltage of ~12 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new heat transfer correlation was developed for ternary zeotropic mixtures condensation. • Ternary mixture is considered as a combination of two binary mixtures. • Binary interaction coefficients are introduced and obtained by phase equilibrium property. • Two independent concentration gradients in the vapor phase were reasonably superimposed. • The MARD of the new correlation is 13.9 % for the experimental data of ternary zeotropic mixtures. In the past decades, attention has been paid to the flowcondensation heat transfer characteristics of zeotropic mixtures, but most of the research has been carried out on binary mixtures, with very few studies performed on multicomponent mixtures that contain ternary and more components. The condensing process of multicomponent mixtures is significantly more complex since there are interactions between the components except for mixture effects, and these mechanisms are still unclear. Therefore, existing prediction methods either being computationally complicated or fail to accurately describe the condensation characteristics of multicomponent zeotropic mixtures. Focused on this issue, a new heat transfer correlation for ternary zeotropic mixtures in annular flow condensation was proposed based on our previously developed heat transfer model for binary zeotropic mixtures. The ternary mixture is regarded as a combination of two binary mixtures by analyzing the relationship of the condensation rate difference between components and the concentration gradient, and binary interaction coefficients are introduced to estimate the relative contribution of the two independent concentration gradients in the condensing vapor of ternary zeotropic mixtures. The newly developed correlation is simple and agrees well with the condensation heat transfer coefficients of ternary zeotropic mixtures, with an average relative deviation (MRD) of -1.6 %, an average absolute relative deviation (MARD) of 13.9 %, and 90.2 % of the data points falling within ±30 % deviation band for a total of 307 annular flow data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new heat transfer model was developed for binary zeotropic mixtures condensation. • Mass transfer due to concentration gradients in the vapor phase was considered. • Phase equilibrium property was simplified to characterize concentration gradients. • Heat transfer enhancement was observed and explained by the new model. • The MARD of the new model is 15.88% for the experimental database. In recent years, zeotropic mixtures have been widely used as substitutes for pure fluids. Accordingly, their condensation properties have attracted increasing attention. However, it is a challenge to accurately describe the heat transfer performance of zeotropic mixtures in condensation, which is limited by the estimation of mixture effects, especially the mass transfer resistance therein. Focusing on this issue, the mass transfer due to the axial and radial concentration gradients in the vapor phase was considered, and a new heat transfer model for the annular flow of binary zeotropic mixtures in horizontal tubes was developed based on non-equilibrium film theory. In this model, the boiling point difference was introduced to approximate the effect of concentration gradients by combining with the vapor-liquid phase equilibrium properties of binary zeotropic mixtures. Secondly, equivalent specific heat capacities were defined for an analogy with single-phase heat transfer, which further simplifies the form of the model. The simplified model was evaluated with a consolidated database of 11 mixtures from 13 sources. The results show that the predictions of the model are in good agreement with the experimental results, with a mean absolute relative deviation (MARD) of 15.88 and 91.14% of points falling in the ±30% deviation band. Predictions were also performed for excluded data from other sources and satisfactory results were obtained with a MARD of 13.47%. Moreover, the mechanism of mixture effects is elaborated. It indicates that besides the commonly mentioned heat transfer degradation, there is also heat transfer enhancement for binary zeotropic mixtures condensation due to the opposite effects of the axial and radial concentration gradients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A database of frictional pressure drop data covering broad conditions is amassed. • Two machine learning models are designed to predict frictional pressure drops. • The parametric importance analysis is conducted to obtain key parameters. • A new universal correlation is developed using the obtained key parameters. • An excluded database is collected to verify the generality of the new correlation. Accurate prediction of the two-phase frictional pressure drop (FPD) facilitates designing compact phase-change heat exchangers. This study implements ML methods and develops a new universal correlation for predicting FPDs in adiabatic and diabatic flow. A consolidated database with 8663 experimental samples from 64 published literature covering 25 fluids and broad operating conditions is amassed to serve this purpose. The designed ML models, based on artificial neural network (ANN) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) theory, can predict the unknown data with the best mean absolute relative deviate (MARD) of 8.59% and the coefficient of determination (R 2) of 0.988 or higher. With the aid of parametric importance analysis conducted by the trained ML models, the obtained key parameters, including vapor quality, dimensionless vapor velocity, Froude number, Bond number, and convection number, are adopted to formulate a new correlation. The new correlations can provide more reliable predictive performance than existing correlations for the consolidated database with a MARD of 24.84%. An excluded database is collected to verify the generality of the correlation, and a lower MARD of 27.47% than existing models is obtained. It demonstrates that ML methods can help develop the universal correlation with improved accuracy and universality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible solar-blind photodetectors with the channels in various orientations on β -Ga 2 O 3 (1 0 0) surface were fabricated. The device exhibits obvious anisotropy and bending stress response. The photodetector with the α ∼ 60° realizes high responsivity of 15.40 A/W, a high external quantum efficiency of 7.65×103%, high detectivity of 9.81×1011 Jones, and fast response speeds with rise/decay time of 0.31/0.05 s. [Display omitted] • Flexible solar-blind photodetectors based on the β -Ga 2 O 3 strips were fabricated with channels in various orientations on (1 0 0) surface, showing clear anisotropic photoresponse. • The flexible photodetector shows a high responsivity of 15.40 A/W and fast response rise/decay time of 0.31/0.05 s. • The polarized Raman spectra of the β -Ga 2 O 3 (1 0 0) surface illustrate anisotropic vibration. • The mechanical bending stress influences, including anisotropic stress effects, on the performances of the flexible β -Ga 2 O 3 solar-blind photodetectors are investigated. Flexible β -gallium oxide (β -Ga 2 O 3) crystal microstrips were fabricated by mechanical exfoliation of the bulk single crystal. The polarized Raman spectra of the β -Ga 2 O 3 (1 0 0) surface illustrate anisotropic vibration. Flexible solar-blind photodetectors (SBPDs) based on the β -Ga 2 O 3 strips were fabricated with channels in various orientations on (1 0 0) surface, showing clear anisotropic photoresponses. The SBPD with the channel orientation at ∼ 60° to [0 1 0] realizes the highest photocurrent with the high responsivity of 15.40 A/W, high external quantum efficiency of 7.65 × 103%, high detectivity of 9.81 × 1011 Jones, and fast response rise/decay time of 0.31/0.05 s, indicating the most effective carrier transport along this orientation. Under the bending stress, the crystal structure is distorted revealed by the X-ray diffraction, and the Raman spectroscopy results proved that the lattice vibration is modified. The photocurrent of the SBPDs with anisotropic channel orientations increases with the increased bending stress, due to the increased photo absorption and photo carrier generating caused by the stretched lattice structure. These results should give significant guidance to the construction and application of high performance electronics and photoelectronics based on β -Ga 2 O 3 (1 0 0) surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Bdellovibrio and like organisms (BALOs) strain BDH12 that possessed a wide lysis spectrum was tested in coldwater abalone ( Haliotis discus hannai Ino) juvenile rearing, and its effect on survival and growth and on gut bacterial communities was investigated. A 90-day rearing experiment at the production level was performed. At the end, juvenile abalone grew from the initial shell length of 4.0 ± 1.0 to 12.63 ± 2.12 mm in control and 14.89 ± 1.27 mm in test ( p < 0.05). With the addition of BDH12, abalone survival rate, percentage weight gain, shell length gain, and average daily growth in test reached 63.3 ± 1.87%, 6834 ± 39%, 272 ± 15%, and 4.56 ± 1.18 mg day, respectively, significantly ( p < 0.05) higher than those in control, viz., 41.8 ± 3.36%, 4168 ± 47%, 216 ± 17%, and 2.78 ± 1.37 mg day, respectively. Total cultivable Vibrio counts (TCVC) and bacterial counts (TCBC) were enumerated by conventional culturing. Compared to control, TCVC and TCBC in test were reduced by 2.39 and 4.07 log colony forming units·mL, respectively, in rearing water ( p < 0.05), and by 3.54 and 4.11 log CFU·g, respectively, in abalone guts ( p < 0.05). Strong negative correlations were found between abalone shell length/weight with TCBC/TCVC in rearing water/guts ( p < 0.01). Additionally, 16S rDNA-PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles revealed that of the 27 species/strains sequenced, 51.85% (14) were shared by both control and test and 22.22% (6) reduced, of which 33.33% (2) were Vibrio. The results of this study demonstrated that BDH12 can be beneficially applied in coldwater abalone rearing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The article discovered the negative correlation between APLNR and PD-L1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissues, and the molecular mechanism of APLNR inhibiting PD-L1 expression by binding to the FERM domain of JAK1. • The article demonstrated that APLNR could inhibit NPC immune escape and tumor progression. • The article showed the surprising effect of APLNR combined with PD-L1 antibody in inhibiting NPC growth in a nude mouse xenograft model. • The article revealed the potential therapeutic target role of APLNR in NPC immunotherapy, providing new treatment strategies for NPC patients. APLNR is a G protein-coupled receptor and our previous study had revealed that APLNR could inhibit nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) growth and metastasis. However, the role of APLNR in regulating PD-L1 expression and immune escape in NPC is unknown. We analyzed the expression and correlation of APLNR and PD-L1 in NPC tissues and cells. We investigated the effect of APLNR on PD-L1 expression and the underlying mechanism in vitro and in vivo. We also evaluated the therapeutic potential of targeting APLNR in combination with PD-L1 antibody in a nude mouse xenograft model. We found that APLNR was negatively correlated with PD-L1 in NPC tissues and cells. APLNR could inhibit PD-L1 expression by binding to the FERM domain of JAK1 and blocking the interaction between JAK1 and IFNGR1, thus suppressing IFN-γ-mediated activation of the JAK1/STAT1 pathway. APLNR could also inhibit NPC immune escape by enhancing IFN-γ secretion and CD8+ T-cell infiltration and reducing CD8+ T-cell apoptosis and dysfunction. Moreover, the best effect was achieved in inhibiting NPC growth in nude mice when APLNR combined with PD-L1 antibody. Our study revealed a novel mechanism of APLNR regulating PD-L1 expression and immune escape in NPC and suggested that APLNR maybe a potential therapeutic target for NPC immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schottky photodiodes with sputtered amorphous Ga 2 O 3 (a-Ga 2 O 3) and asymmetric electrodes were fabricated for the first time and achieved excellent performances under 254-nm light illumination with the superhigh responsivity of 1021.8 A W−1, high photo-to-dark current ratio of 2.3 × 106, fast rise/decay response time of 144/208 ms, high detectivity of 1.66 × 1016 Jones, and high external quantum efficiency of 5.0 × 105 %. The excellent solar-blind detection performances are suggested to be attribute to the large concentration of oxygen vacancies, the possible photo released carriers from the deep-level acceptors, and the high film uniformity, while the former two contribute to the high photo carrier concentration, and the latter one contributes to high quality Schottky contact to achieve the low dark current. A 10 × 10 array based on these a-Ga 2 O 3 Schottky photodiodes realized the imaging of a "E" character with high contrast. The results give a feasible way to achieve large area, low cost, high contrast, and high detection sensitivity solar-blind imaging. [Display omitted] • Schottky photodiodes with sputtered amorphous Ga 2 O 3 and asymmetric electrodes were fabricated for the first time. • The amorphous Ga 2 O 3 Schottky photodiodes show comparable to or even better performances than the reported crystalline ones. • A 10 × 10 array based on amorphous Ga 2 O 3 Schottky photodiodes realized the imaging of a "E" character with high contrast. • This work provides a feasible way to large area, low cost, high contrast, and high sensitivity solar-blind imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate and universal prediction of in-tube condensation heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) is vital for designing compact condensers. This study presents machine learning (ML) methods for predicting flow condensing HTCs inside horizontal tubes based on an assembled database. The database contains 6064 experimental data of 28 pure fluids and covers broad operating conditions. Furthermore, the database is serviced to train and evaluate five ML models based on K-nearest neighbors (KNN), artificial neural network (ANN), convolutional neural network (CNN), random forest (RF), and Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithms. The designed ML models show excellent predictive performances for 1213 test data points with the best mean absolute relative deviation (MARD) of 5.82% achieved by CNN and the coefficient of determination (R 2) of 0.98 or higher for both XGBoost models. Based on the parametric importance analysis conducted by the trained XGBoost models, a new universal correlation is developed by incorporating several key parameters to characterize condensation heat transfer. This correlation shows reliable predictions for all data points in the consolidated database with the mean relative deviation (MRD) of −1.77% and MARD of 19.21%. An additional excluded database is collected to validate the universality of the new correlation and these ML models. It illustrates that ML models are effective predictive tools for HTCs, and can also help develop the heat transfer correlation with high accuracy and universality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An artificial thermal recognition memory system is rationally constructed by integrating a voltage-controlled programmable polymer memristor and a temperature-sensitized resistive sensor, enabling the selective recording of diverse thermal signals by using the stimulus of 'warm' and 'hot'. [Display omitted] • A voltage-controlled programmable polymer memory device was designed and fabricated by interfacial nanoengineering. • The interface nanopillar and nanowrinkle enable the achievement of both flash and WORM features in individual memory cells. • By integrating programmable memories with temperature sensors, the system can detect and memorize "warm" and "hot" signals at different temperature levels. Here, we report an artificial thermal recognition memory system mainly consisting of programmable polymer memristors and resistive temperature detectors. The memristor has a two-terminal structure with an insulating polymer sandwiched between a nanowrinkled graphene electrode and a nanopillar metal electrode, exhibiting novel voltage-controlled programmable rewritable and nonerasable nonvolatile memory effects. The integrated system is capable of detecting diverse weak and strong thermal stimuli and encoding them into binary memory signals for the selective recording of human thermal perception recognition. This work offers an effective strategy for constructing programmable memristive devices via interfacial nanoengineering and provides a new architecture of recognition memory for artificial intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]