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With the noncovalent interaction energy curves of the methane dimer [(CH4)2], we have clarified two different origins of the unphysical noncovalent interaction energy curves obtained with the Minnesota density functionals of M11-L, MN12-L, and MN12-SX. For the M11-L functional, the unphysical inflection point on the (CH4)2 interaction energy curve originates from the inclusion of the long-range exchange. As to the MN12-L and MN12-SX functionals, the lack of smoothness restraints results in unphysical inflection points on the corresponding (CH4)2 interaction energy curves. As a result, exchange functionals are as important as dispersion corrections for density functionals to map noncovalent interaction energy surfaces reasonably. Moreover, very highly parameterized functionals with smoothness restraints are suggested for investigating noncovalent interaction energy surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an experimental study on 18 specimens, including 15 polyvinyl chloride (PVC)‐carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) tube confined reinforced concrete beams with longitudinal CFRP sheets (PCT‐RCBs‐LCS) and 3 PVC‐CFRP tube confined reinforced concrete beams (PCT‐RCBs). The effects of five studied parameters, such as longitudinal reinforcement rate (ρs$$ {\rho}_{\mathrm{s}} $$), concrete strength grade (Sc$$ {S}_{\mathrm{c}} $$), width (df$$ {d}_{\mathrm{f}} $$) and number (nf$$ {n}_{\mathrm{f}} $$) of longitudinal CFRP sheet, and specimen dimensions (Ds$$ {D}_{\mathrm{s}} $$), on the failure mode and flexural capacity are investigated. The PCT‐RCBs‐LCS with lower df$$ {d}_{\mathrm{f}} $$ and nf$$ {n}_{\mathrm{f}} $$ fail by the breakage of the PVC tube and the fracture of longitudinal CFRP sheets. Conversely, the cracking of PVC tube dominates the damage of the PCT‐RCBs‐LCS with higher df$$ {d}_{\mathrm{f}} $$ and nf$$ {n}_{\mathrm{f}} $$, while the longitudinal CFRP sheets are not broken. The introduction of longitudinal CFRP sheets can significantly improve the flexural capacity. The ultimate flexural capacity of the PCT‐RCBs‐LCS increases as the ρs$$ {\rho}_{\mathrm{s}} $$, sc$$ {s}_{\mathrm{c}} $$, df$$ {d}_{\mathrm{f}} $$, nf$$ {n}_{\mathrm{f}} $$ or Ds$$ {D}_{\mathrm{s}} $$ increases. In addition. considering the influence of RC beam section shape, a model for predicting the ultimate flexural capacity of the PCT‐RCBs‐LCS is proposed based on the limit equilibrium theory and cross‐sectional strain relationship. The predicted results of the proposed model agree well with test data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abducens nerve palsy is the most common ocular motor nerve palsy, and its possible aetiologies are numerous and diverse. Primary malignancy rarely occurs in the middle ear, with most cases associated with long-standing ear discharge and peak age of presentation in the sixties. We report a rare case of a 64-year-old male who presented with right abducens nerve palsy, which led to the diagnosis of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the right middle ear, and to our knowledge, this has not been reported previously in English literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR) holds great potential to alleviate the greenhouse effect and our dependence on fossil fuels by integrating renewable energy for the electrosynthesis of high-value fuels from CO2. However, the high thermodynamic energy barrier, sluggish reaction kinetics, inadequate CO2 conversion rate, poor selectivity for the target product, and rapid electrocatalyst degradation severely limit its further industrial-scale application. Although numerous strategies have been proposed to enhance ECR performances from various perspectives, scattered studies fail to comprehensively elucidate the underlying effect-performance relationships toward ECR. Thus, this review presents a comparative summary and a deep discussion with respect to the effects strongly-correlated with ECR, including intrinsic effects of materials caused by various sizes, shapes, compositions, defects, interfaces, and ligands; structure-induced effects derived from diverse confinements, strains, and fields; electrolyte effects introduced by different solutes, solvents, cations, and anions; and environment effects induced by distinct ionomers, pressures, temperatures, gas impurities, and flow rates, with an emphasis on elaborating how these effects shape ECR electrocatalytic activities and selectivity and the underlying mechanisms. In addition, the challenges and prospects behind different effects resulting from various factors are suggested to inspire more attention towards high-throughput theoretical calculations and in situ/operando techniques to unlock the essence of enhanced ECR performance and realize its ultimate application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secure instant communication is an important topic of information security. A group chat is a highly convenient mode of instant communication. Increasingly, companies are adopting group chats as a daily office communication tool. However, a large volume of messages in group chat communication can lead to message overload, causing group members to miss important information. Additionally, the communication operator's server may engage in the unreliable behavior of stealing information from the group chat. To address these issues, this paper proposes an attribute-based end-to-end policy-controlled signcryption scheme, aimed at establishing a secure and user-friendly group chat communication mode. By using the linear secret sharing scheme (LSSS) with strong expressive power to construct the access structure in the signcryption technology, the sender can precisely control the recipients of the group chat information to avoid message overload. To minimize computational cost, a signcryption step with constant computational overhead is designed. Additionally, a message-sending mechanism combining "signcryption + encryption" is employed to prevent the operator server from maliciously stealing group chat information. Rigorous analysis shows that PCE-EtoE can resist adaptive chosen-ciphertext attacks under the standard model. Simulation results demonstrate that our theoretical derivation is correct, and that the PCE-EtoE scheme outperforms existing schemes in terms of computational cost, making it suitable for group chat communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new mild and chemoselective method for the preparation of various aminoarenes is described, based on the electrochemical catalytic reduction of nitroaryl derivatives promoted by samarium salts in methanol. The reactions are carried out in air, in an undivided electrochemical cell, at room temperature and tolerate a wide range of functional groups, including some reducible ones, without leading to by‐products. This procedure is also effective for the complete reduction of challenging substrates, namely those capable of coordinating metals, traditionally leading to the need for drastic conditions in terms of pressure, reaction time or temperature. 47 examples are described, including one nitroalkane, and all lead to the targeted reduced product in yields that are almost always over 90 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many organic reactions rely on CO2 sources to generate important structural units and valuable chemicals. In this study, we compared the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) on the supercritical CO2 (scCO2)-induced de/carboxylation reaction. The results showed that CBD was directly carboxylated in the ortho-position to form CBDA with up to 62% conversion. Meanwhile, CBDA decarboxylation occurred on hemp plant material via varying composition. Mechanistic studies revealed that CBD carboxylation was influenced not only by the physical properties of scCO2, but also by the vegetable matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have found that trust is a vital factor that influences risk perception. However, previous studies in this field have used surveys that provide limited information about causality. Therefore, experimental studies to explore the causality between trust and risk perceptions are needed. We conducted three studies to examine the relationship and mechanism of trust in the government's flood response and flood hazard risk perception. In Study 1, we found that people's risk perception and trust in the government's flood response were significantly negatively correlated. In Studies 2 and 3, using correlational and experimental methods, we found that the higher the public's trust in the government's flood response, the more they used heuristics to process risk information, and their risk perception was lower than that of the group with low trust in the government's flood response. Our research provides evidence of causality between trust and risk perceptions, suggesting that trust in the government's flood response can influence risk perception via heuristics in China, which provides a better understanding of the importance of trust in risk perception. These conclusions have policy implications for government responses to flood disasters, emphasizing the need for public participation and timely, transparent communication of accurate information and preventive strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) over perovskite oxides, upon undergoing a lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism, is strongly oxygen vacancy‐correlated as determined by the oxygen ion diffusivity. Despite substantial efforts having been devoted to tuning the oxygen vacancy concentration in perovskite oxides, the impact of the concomitant altering of oxygen vacancy ordering is often underestimated. In particular, the underlying mechanism of how the ordering and the concentration of oxygen vacancy affect the lattice OER, and how to well balance them still remain inadequately understood. Herein, a series of Sr1−xCaxCo0.5Fe0.5O3−δ with gradually increased oxygen vacancy concentration and ordering are synthesized. Theoretical calculations indicated that a higher oxygen vacancy concentration promoted the lattice oxygen migration, whereas a higher oxygen vacancy ordering impeded it. Particularly, Sr0.5Ca0.5Co0.5Fe0.5O3−δ with a relatively higher oxygen vacancy concentration and a lower ordering displayed the maximum oxygen diffusion rate and the optimal OER activity, affording a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a quite low overpotential of 310.2 mV, together with a small Tafel slope of 55.87 mV dec−1. This study sheds light on the critical influence of oxygen vacancy configuration on the lattice OER, and paves a compromised avenue to screen and design advanced electrocatalysts for various electrochemical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Dyadic communication positively affects marital relationships, good relationships help restore body image, and this study explores the relationship between dyadic communication and body image of breast cancer patients. Methods: Cross-sectional correlation design with convenience sampling was used to recruit participants from two outpatient medical centers. Demographic information, medical records, and two questionnaires, dyadic communicative resilience scale (DCRS) and body image scale (BIS), were administered. Participants comprised women with breast cancer and their partners. Multiple regression analysis was performed to control related factors to understand the association between the DCRS of the women with breast cancer and their partners and the women’s body image. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to analyze between three categories of couple’s communication status (consistent and good, consistent and poor, and inconsistent) and body image of women with breast cancer. Results: Data were obtained from 162 women with breast cancer and 90 partners. The study found (1) significant correlation between the women’s perception of their communication and body image, (2) humor in partner’s perception of their communication was significantly associated with women’s body image, and (3) dyadic communication that both patients and partners were consistent and good in the domain of keeping pre-cancer routines and attractiveness was associated with women’s body image. Conclusion: The correlation between dyadic communication and the body image of women with breast cancer is significant. Improving communication specific on keeping pre-cancer routines and attractiveness between women with breast cancer and their partners could enhance the women’s body image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing evidences implicate vital role of neuronal damage in the development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is the main frame component of neurons and is closely related to axonal radial growth and neuronal structural stability. We hypothesized that NfL as a biomarker of axonal injury may contribute to early diagnosis of HE. This study recruited 101 patients with liver cirrhosis, 10 healthy individuals, and 7 patients with Parkinson's disease. Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) was diagnosed using psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score. Serum NfL levels were measured by the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Serum NfL levels in cirrhotic patients with MHE were significantly higher than cirrhotic patients without MHE, and increased accordingly with the aggravation of HE. Serum NfL levels were associated with psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score, Child-Pugh score, model for end-stage liver disease score, and days of hospitalization. Additionally, serum NfL was an independent predictor of MHE (odds ratio of 1.020 (95% CI 1.005–1.034); P = 0.007). The discriminative abilities of serum NfL were high for identifying MHE (AUC of 0.8134 (95% CI 0.7130–0.9219); P ˂ 0.001) and OHE (AUC of 0.8852 (95% CI 0.8117–0.9587); P ˂ 0.001). Elevated serum NfL levels correlated with the presence of MHE and associated with the severity of HE, are expected to be a biomarker in patients with cirrhosis. Our study suggested that neuronal damage may play a critical role in the development of HE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) confined concrete (PCCC) columns shows considerable engineering application prospects due to their excellent corrosion resistance, high bearing capacity, favorable seismic behavior and reasonable price. The research on the connection between PCCC columns and reinforced concrete (RC) beams is an essential aspect to facilitate the development and application of this novel composite structural system. In this study, thirteen PCCC column-RC beam interior joints reinforced with core steel tube (CST) (hereinafter referred to as PCCCC-RBIJs-CST) are designed and tested under low cyclic loading. Several parameters, such as stirrup ratio of joint ( ρ sj ), diameter-thickness ratio of CST ( d s / t s ), axial compression ratio of column (n ), spacing of CFRP strips ( s f ), reinforcement ratio of beam ( ρ b ) and reinforcement ratio of column ( ρ c ), are considered. All the specimens show large plastic deformation, culminating in shear damage in the joint core area. The failure mode is characterized by crushing of concrete, yielding of stirrups, CST and reinforcement in the joint area. The hysteresis curves are relatively full, and the shape of curves gradually change from shuttle shape to bow shape and eventually to anti-S shape. The impacts of the studied variables on strength, stiffness, energy dissipation capacity and ductility are systematically analyzed and the feasibility of connecting PCCC columns and frame beams by means of built-in CST reinforcement is verified. Subsequently, the shear capacity of PCCCC-RBIJs-CST is evaluated by using four different existing shear capacity formulas. The reasons for deviations between the predicted results and the measured test data are deeply elaborated. A relatively reasonable predicted formula is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although global warming is a serious problem that influences numerous people worldwide, individuals are still reluctant to change their behaviours. The present research investigates how local hot temperatures affect climate action in non‐Western groups. In Study 1, an analysis of temperature and information acquisition by Shanghai residents in 122 days found that heat increased attention and awareness of climate change. In Study 2 and Study 3, participants who were primed with heat‐related perceptions were more likely to take climate action in private and public spheres. In Study 4, we further identified that people who experienced hot temperature events increased their beliefs and efficacy about climate change, which in turn motivated them to take more climate action. Importantly, the mediating effects were significant both in the manipulation of heat and real‐world settings. Consistent with our theoretical perspective, seeing is more than believing because personal experience increases climate action by fostering climate change beliefs and efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, major ions, isotopes and rare earth elements (REEs) were tested in groundwater from the coal-bearing sandstone aquifer of the Wolonghu coal mine in northern Anhui Province, and the elemental geochemical behavior and controlling factors in groundwater were discussed. The results indicate that the overall sandstone water is weakly alkaline, and the hydrochemical type is SO4-Na. The relationship between δD and δ18O suggests a hydraulic connection between the sandstone aquifer and the limestone aquifer. The composition characteristics of δ34SSO4 a nd δ18OSO4 indicate that the high concentration of SO42- in groundwater mainly comes from the dissolution of sulfate minerals. The content of rare earth elements (ΣREEs) in groundwater is controlled by pH value and carbonate complexation reaction, and it shows a relative enrichment feature of heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) after standardization with Post-Archean Australian Shales. Ce shows a slight negative anomaly and is mainly influenced by the redox environment, while the Eu anomaly is attributed to the dissolution of silicate minerals. Compared to groundwater quality before the mine closure, the weakening of hydraulic conditions led to an increase in ΣREEs, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42-, and TDS concentrations accompanied by a significant decrease in HCO3- concentration. In addition, the difference between light rare earth elements (LREEs) decreased, whereas the differentiation between LREEs and HREEs gradually increased. Our findings provide valuable insights into the evolution of groundwater quality in abandoned mines and its genesis mechanism. The results could guide the utilization of groundwater resources in abandoned mines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two previously undescribed iridoid glycosides, 6'-O-trans-feruloyl-(4S,6R)-3,4-dihydro-3β-ethoxypaederoside (1) and 6'-O-trans-caffeoyl-(4S,6R)-3,4-dihydro-2'-O-3α-paederoside (2), were isolated from the 90% EtOH extract of the air dried aerial parts of Paederia Foetida. Structural elucidation of all the compounds was performed by spectral methods such as 1D and 2D (1H-1H COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy. The two isolated iridoid glycosides were tested in vivo for their antinociceptive properties. As a result, 2 showed potent antinociceptive effect and its ID50 value (53.4 μmol/kg) was 2-fold less than those of the positive control drugs aspirin and acetaminophen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary The proposal of the electric‐drive‐reconstructed onboard charger (EDROC) provides a new idea for the research of electric vehicles (EVs), which utilizes the existing electric‐drive components and shows broad commercial prospects. In this paper, pre‐ and post‐fault operations of the EDROC incorporating a symmetrical six‐phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (SSPMSM) are studied. Firstly, by employing the vector space decomposition (VSD) technique, the decoupled subspaces currents of the motor under healthy and fault conditions are solved. And their trajectories associated with torque generation are depicted, which reveals there are pulsating and rotating magnetic fields in the event of one open‐phase fault (One‐OPF) and two open‐phase fault (Two‐OPF), respectively. To eliminate the unwished magnetic fields, a subspace current injection method is proposed, which can solve the fault‐tolerant current online by constructing the Lagrange function under the constraint of the minimum copper loss. Finally, the feasibility and reliability of the proposed fault‐tolerant scheme is verified by experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The menstrual cycle of fertile female is regulated by multiple organs and hormones, controlling the reproductive health and fertility of females. This paper is dedicated to exploring how two negative feedback loops regulate and influence the dynamic behavior of the menstrual cycle. We simplified the regulation circuit of the menstrual cycle into a nonlinear differential equation with two time delays. This simplified mathematical model integrates the hypothalamus–pituitary–ovary primary negative feedback loop and the negative feedback auxiliary loop between the ovary and the pituitary. We investigated the delay-dependent conditions for the stability of the model’s equilibrium points and also demonstrated the presence of Hopf bifurcations. Theoretical analysis suggests that the primary feedback loop is the major factor driving oscillation in the system. Further numerical simulations indicate that the negative feedback auxiliary loop allows the system to adjust its amplitude while maintaining the robustness of the cycle length. Consequently, the results obtained from this model provide new insights into the regulation of oscillations in menstrual cycle irregularities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis paper carried out a theoretical research on multi-physics coupling problems of functionally-graded lead-free piezoelectric rectangular thin plates. Firstly, the perturbation theory was used to study the bending problem of functionally-graded lead-free piezoelectric rectangular thin plates, and the nonlinear governing equations for this bending problem were established. Then, the three piezoelectric coefficients reflecting the piezoelectric property were taken as the perturbation parameters, and the nonlinear governing equations were transformed into multiple sets of linear equations by the multi-parameter perturbation method. Finally, the solutions of these linear equations were solved by the semi-inverse solving method. Based on the finite element simulations, the effectiveness of the perturbation solutions obtained here was verified. The research results showed that it was reasonable to choose three piezoelectric coefficients as perturbation parameters, which was accord with the basic idea of perturbation theory. The analysis results indicated that there was a cross transfer relationship between external loads and perturbation solutions of every order, which could be used to simplify the perturbation expansion. Moreover, the deformation of the functionally-graded lead-free piezoelectric thin plate was less than that of the functionally-graded thin plate, that is, piezoelectric properties in lead-free piezoelectric materials had a piezoelectric enhancement effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the inhomogeneity of optical fiber media taken into account, under investigation in this paper is the variable coefficient Kundu-nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which describes the pulses propagation in optical fibers. Based on Lax pair, the Nth-order Darboux transformation is constructed. Depending on plane wave solution, the first- and second-order breather solutions are derived and the interactions between breathers are graphically analyzed. The Kuznetsov–Ma breather, Akhmediev breather, and spatial-temporal breather have been obtained. Moreover, the first-, second-, and third-order rogue wave solutions have been constructed. The usual rogue waves and first- and second-order line rogue waves are observed. The weak and strong interactions between the first-, second-order rogue waves, and spatial-temporal period breather are studied. Furthermore, variable coefficient δ (t) causes rogue waves to produce some interesting evolutionary phenomena, which have been systematically analyzed. In addition, the influences of parameters for the properties of solutions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nociceptive sensory neurons convey pain-related signals to the CNS using action potentials. Loss-of-function mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.7 cause insensitivity to pain (presumably by reducing nociceptor excitability) but clinical trials seeking to treat pain by inhibiting NaV1.7 pharmacologically have struggled. This may reflect the variable contribution of NaV1.7 to nociceptor excitability. Contrary to claims that NaV1.7 is necessary for nociceptors to initiate action potentials, we show that nociceptors can achieve similar excitability using different combinations of NaV1.3, NaV1.7, and NaV1.8. Selectively blocking one of those NaV subtypes reduces nociceptor excitability only if the other subtypes are weakly expressed. For example, excitability relies on NaV1.8 in acutely dissociated nociceptors but responsibility shifts to NaV1.7 and NaV1.3 by the fourth day in culture. A similar shift in NaV dependence occurs in vivo after inflammation, impacting ability of the NaV1.7-selective inhibitor PF-05089771 to reduce pain in behavioral tests. Flexible use of different NaV subtypes exemplifies degeneracy - achieving similar function using different components - and compromises reliable modulation of nociceptor excitability by subtype-selective inhibitors. Identifying the dominant NaV subtype to predict drug efficacy is not trivial. Degeneracy at the cellular level must be considered when choosing drug targets at the molecular level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of high efficiency thermocatalysts remains a great challenge for gaseous formaldehyde elimination. Herein, rare earth‐doped manganese dioxide (RE‐MnO2) particles with sizes of approximately 200 nm were deposited on corrugated silica carrier (CSC) by using cerium or samarium as dopants. One part of rare earth ions in RE‐MnO2/CSC were substituted for the manganese ions in α‐MnO2, and the other part existed in the form of cerium oxide or samarium oxide. RE‐MnO2/CSC exhibited better thermocatalytic activity than MnO2/CSC. The formaldehyde removal efficiency over RE‐MnO2/CSC reached nearly 100 % even after cycle tests of 5 times. Both the cerium and samarium doping accelerated HCHO oxidation via increasing lattice oxygen and Mn4+ amounts, improving low‐temperature redox properties, and reducing apparent activation energy. Notably, the RE oxides in the catalysts played different roles in HCHO degradation. Samarium oxide did not possess thermocatalytic activity, while cerium oxide in RE‐MnO2/CSC participated directly in the formaldehyde degradation via the CeO2↔Ce2O3 redox reaction and facilitated the oxidation of Mn2O3 into MnO2. This work revealed the effect mechanisms of RE doping and RE oxide on the enhanced thermocatalytic activity, and provided a novel viewpoint to develop RE‐doped catalysts for formaldehyde removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This paper investigates an improved space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) and channel‐decoupled method for dual‐channel permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) powered by unbalanced battery packs. Recently, individual power supplied voltage source inverter (VSI) is introduced considering insufficient power rating and unsafe driving in electrical vehicles (EVs). However, the issues of strong coupling and unbalanced power supplies exist between channels. Firstly, a modular topology is constructed to improve the reliability and security of the system. Secondly, the channel‐decoupled method is introduced based on multi‐dq rather than the conventional vector space decomposition (VSD) to eliminate coupling among multi‐channel. Thereafter, the variable distribution of voltage vectors (VVs) is corrected by the proposed SVPWM, where the switch can be operated appropriately. Finally, the comparative experiments are carried out focusing on decoupling and unbalanced power supplies, and the results present superior performance in terms of low torque fluctuation and balanced channel currents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The commentary shows catalytic processes for synthetic NH 3 production, NO removal, and H 2 generation. • Using H 2 for NO reduction requires precise control of products—N 2 or NH 3. • Renewable energy sources are used for green H 2 generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yield calculation is an important link in modern precision agriculture that is an effective means to improve breeding efficiency and to adjust planting and marketing plans. With the continuous progress of artificial intelligence and sensing technology, yield-calculation schemes based on image-processing technology have many advantages such as high accuracy, low cost, and non-destructive calculation, and they have been favored by a large number of researchers. This article reviews the research progress of crop-yield calculation based on remote sensing images and visible light images, describes the technical characteristics and applicable objects of different schemes, and focuses on detailed explanations of data acquisition, independent variable screening, algorithm selection, and optimization. Common issues are also discussed and summarized. Finally, solutions are proposed for the main problems that have arisen so far, and future research directions are predicted, with the aim of achieving more progress and wider popularization of yield-calculation solutions based on image technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing integration and power density of electronic and electrical equipment, highly thermally conductive insulating materials have a wide range of application scenarios. In this paper, a novel core-shell structure fiber thermal conductive filler hexagonal boron nitride@anatase titanium dioxide (h-BN@AT) has been prepared by electrospinning technology first. The h-BN@AT/epoxy resin (EP) thermally conductive and insulating composite was prepared by hot pressing. When the filler content was 30 wt%, the optimal thermal conductivity (γ) of h-BN@AT/EP composite was 7.62 W/(m.K) (in-plane) and 0.76 W/(m.K) (out-of-plane), which were 3088% and 324% higher than EP. The incorporation of high aspect ratio core-shell structural fibers significantly improves the efficiency of thermal conduction (TC) pathways formation within the composite. Moreover, the utilization of one-dimensional (1-D) anatase titanium dioxide fiber (ATO) and two-dimensional (2-D) boron nitride (h-BN) establishes a multi-level TC channel in EP, significantly increasing the of the composite. Notably, the composite retains outstanding insulation properties. The innovative core-shell structural fibers filler developed in this study provides a feasible method for producing thermal conductivity insulating materials. Highlights • A new type of core-shell structure h-BN@AT fiber filler is designed. • High thermal conductivity insulating composite h-BN@AT/EP are prepared by hot pressing. • h-BN@AT can effectively improve the thermal conductivity of composite to ensure good electrical properties. • The effect of h-BN content in h-BN@AT filler on the properties of the composite was obtained. • The superiority of h-BN@AT in heat conduction is verified by the classical heat conduction model and simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geomorphological and sedimentological characteristics are key evidences for understanding the emplacement mechanisms of rock avalanches. Based on remote sensing, photogrammetry, and field surveys, the depositional characteristics of the Alasu rock avalanche (ARA) in southern Tianshan, China, were investigated in detail. It is reached that the ARA has a detached rock mass volume of ~ 93 × 106 m3 and propagated 3874 m on rugged terrain with a drop height of 1030 m. Large rock blocks (95,598 rock blocks with sizes ≥ 0.5 m) are widely distributed on the deposit surface. There is no decreasing trend in block size with travel distance for these rock blocks, while jigsaw and sibling structures of megablocks commonly occur in the carapace facies. The size and structural features of megablocks demonstrate that the carapace facies underwent a passive emplacement process with low degrees of fragmentation and disturbance. Furthermore, a series of surficial landforms, including irregular platforms, minor scarps, lateral levees, run-ups, ridges, and troughs, are preserved in the rock avalanche deposit. The most remarkable features are the large, subparallel, curved longitudinal ridges with continuous directional variations and three run-up traces. Extensions of these ridges indicate that the avalanche mass experienced a continuous extension-dominated process in emplacement due to its momentum transfer effect and high energy propagation. These observations and analyses may elucidate the emplacement mechanisms of rock avalanches in rugged landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous growth of the global population and the increasing demand for crop yield, enhancing crop productivity has emerged as a crucial research objective on a global scale. Weeds, being one of the primary abiotic factors impacting crop yield, contribute to approximately 13.2% of annual food loss. In recent years, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology has developed rapidly and its maturity has led to widespread utilization in improving crop productivity and reducing management costs. Concurrently, deep learning technology has become a prominent tool in image recognition. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) has achieved remarkable outcomes in various domains, including agriculture, such as weed detection, pest identification, plant/fruit counting, maturity grading, etc. This study provides an overview of the development of UAV platforms, the classification of UAV platforms and their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the types and characteristics of data collected by common vision sensors used in agriculture, and discusses the application of deep learning technology in weed detection. The manuscript presents current advancements in UAV technology and CNNs in weed management tasks while emphasizing the existing limitations and future trends in its development process to assist researchers working on applying deep learning techniques to weed management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is an advanced cement-based material with excellent mechanical properties and durability. However, with the improvement of UHPC's compressive properties, its insufficient tensile properties have gradually attracted attention. This paper reviews the tensile properties of steel fibers in UHPC. The purpose is to summarize the existing research and to provide guidance for future research. The relevant papers were retrieved through three commonly used experimental methods for UHPC tensile properties (the direct tensile test, flexural test, and splitting test), and classified according to the content, length, type, and combination of the steel fibers. The results show that the direct tensile test can better reflect the true tensile strength of UHPC materials. The tensile properties of UHPC are not only related to the content, shape, length, and hybrids of the steel fibers, but also to the composition of the UHPC matrix, the orientation of the fibers, and the geometric dimensions of the specimen. The improvement of the tensile properties of the steel fiber combinations depends on the effectiveness of the synergy between the fibers. Additionally, digital image correlation (DIC) technology is mainly used for crack propagation in UHPC. The analysis of the post-crack phase of UHPC is facilitated. Theoretical models and empirical formulas for tensile properties can further deepen the understanding of UHPC tensile properties and provide suggestions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental information disclosure (EID) is an important measure to promote multiple subjects' collaborative management of pollution emissions. In this paper, we first measure the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of 282 cities in China from 2006 to 2020, and clarify the theoretical mechanisms and transmission channels of EID affecting CO2. Subsequently, the Time-varying difference-in-differences (DID) and the mediation effect model are used to assess the impact of EID on CO2 and its transmission mechanism, respectively. The study shows that although EID is a voluntary environmental regulation, the policy significantly reduces CO2, and this reduction effect has regional and low-carbon policy intensity heterogeneity. The study also shows that green technology innovation and energy intensity mediate the carbon reduction effect of EID. This study has important reference significance for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving the quality of economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a functional clinical nomogram for predicting 8-year overall survival (OS) of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) primary based on peripheral lymphocyte. Patients and methods: Using data from a single-institutional registry of 94 patients with PCa in China, this study identified and integrated significant prognostic factors for survival to build a nomogram. The discriminative ability was measured by concordance index (C-index) and ROC curves (Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves). And the predictive accuracy was measured by the calibration curves. Decision curve analyses (DCA) was used to measure the clinical usefulness. Results: A total of 94 patients were included for analysis. Five independent prognostic factors were identified by LASSO-Cox regression and incorporated into the nomogram: age, the T stage, the absolute counts of peripheral CD3(+)CD4(+) T lymphocytes, CD3(-)CD16(+)CD56(+) NK cells and CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio. The area under the curve (AUC) values of the predictive model for 5-, 8-, and 10-year overall survival were 0.81, 0.76, and 0.73, respectively. The calibration curves for probability of 5-,8- and 10-year OS showed optimal agreement between nomogram prediction and actual observation. The stratification into different risk groups allowed significant distinction. DCA indicated the good clinical application value of the model. Conclusion: We developed a novel nomogram that enables personalized prediction of OS for patients diagnosed with PCa. This finding revealed a relative in age and survival rate in PCa, and a more favorable prognosis in patients exhibiting higher levels of CD4 + T, CD4+/CD8 + ratio and CD3(-)CD16(+)CD56(+) NK cells specifically. This clinically applicable prognostic model exhibits promising predictive capabilities, offering valuable support to clinicians in informed decision-making process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The precision and predictive power of perturbative QCD (pQCD) prediction depends on both a precise, convergent, fixed-order series and a reliable way of estimating the contributions of unknown higher-order (UHO) terms. It has been shown that by applying the principle of maximum conformality (PMC), which applies the renormalization group equation recursively to set the effective magnitude of α s of the process, the remaining conformal coefficients will be well matched with the corresponding α s at each order, leading to a scheme-and-scale invariant and more convergent perturbative series. The PMC series, being satisfied with the standard renormalization group invariance, has a rigorous foundation. Thus it not only can be widely applied to virtually all high-energy hadronic processes, but also can be a reliable platform for estimating UHO contributions. In this paper, by using the total decay width Γ (H → γ γ) which has been calculated up to N4LO QCD corrections, we first derive its PMC series by using the PMC single-scale setting approach and then estimate its unknown N5LO contributions by using a Bayesian analysis. The newly suggested Bayesian-based approach estimates the magnitude of the UHO contributions based on an optimized analysis of the probability density distribution, and the predicted UHO contribution becomes more accurate when more loop terms have been known to tame the probability density function. Using the top-quark pole mass M t = 172.69 GeV and the Higgs mass M H = 125.25 GeV as inputs, we obtain Γ (H → γ γ) = 9.56504 keV , and the estimated N5LO contribution to the total decay width is Δ Γ H = ± 1.65 × 10 − 4 keV for the smallest credible interval of 95.5 % degree of belief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs) have long been known to act as signaling molecules in plant cells, but whether they affect cell wall (CW) patterning and expansion remains unclear. Very recent advances in tip-growing cells showed that positively charged RALFs affect key attributes of the structural components of the nascent CW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polarization-sensitive organic photodetectors (OPDs) are increasingly paid attention for their broad application prospect. However, it is extremely difficult to achieve highly sensitive detection of polarized light for most organic semiconductor polymers with intrinsic isotropic amorphous behavior. In this study, the performance-enhanced intrinsic anisotropic all-polymer bulk heterojunctions (BHJs) are obtained by constructing molecular fluorination engineering in the fused-ring backbone of the acceptor polymer. The molecular orientation, alignment, and packing can be effectively optimized during the floating-film formation process without using any additives and post-treatments. The outstanding intrinsic polarization-sensitive photodetection performance with a very high photocurrent dichroic ratio of 3.73, a specific detectivity of 1.3 × 1011 Jones at 0 V, and a broad linear dynamic range of 120 dB is achieved for the optimum-fluorine-content self-assembly all-polymer organic BHJ film. The superiorities of self-powered capability, fast response, and high-contrast imaging demonstrate that the backbone fluorination for acceptor polymers is conducive to achieving excellent structural regularity and can endow the intrinsic polarization-sensitive all-polymer OPDs with more demanding polarized-light detection ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of an interface has been demonstrated as one of the most insightful strategies for designing efficient catalysts toward electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR). However, the weak interfacial interaction and inherent instability inevitably hinder a further performance enhancement in CO2RR attributable to the interface effect. Herein, 2 nm Ag nanoclusters (Ag NCs) are embedded onto CeO2 nanospheres (CeO2 NSs) with highly interconnected porosity (Ag NCs@CeO2 NSs) to exclusively study the pure interface effect toward CO2RR. The enhanced Ag–CeO2 pure interface endows Ag NCs@CeO2 NSs with a remarkably larger current density, significantly higher Faraday efficiency (FE), and energy efficiency as compared to Ag NCs, CeO2 NSs, and the one with Ag NCs dispersed on CeO2 nanoparticles. More importantly, an impressively high CO FE of over 70.0% is achieved at an ultralow overpotential (η) of 146 mV. The free energy and differential charge calculations, coupled with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results jointly imply that the effective initiation of CO2RR to CO at a lower η over Ag NCs@CeO2 NSs derives from the enhanced interface‐induced charge delocalization, which enhances the electron transfer ability toward *COOH intermediate, thus overcoming the energy barrier demanded for the rate‐determining step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Point-of-care (POC) detection devices for wound care and monitoring show promise but still have limitations and gaps in effectiveness. Validation through robust clinical trials is necessary to evaluate their accuracy, reliability, and impact on patient outcomes. Improved POC detection devices with enhanced sensitivity, specificity, accessibility, and integration with electronic health records can enhance accuracy and patient care. Challenges to widespread implementation include cost, training requirements, regulatory hurdles, expertise, data management, and interoperability. Technological advancements offer potential solutions, including cost-effective manufacturing, miniaturization, regulatory streamlining, and training solutions. Cloud computing, data storage, analytics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning can address data management challenges and assist analysis and decision support. Healthcare resources are heavily burdened by infections that impede the wound-healing process. A wide range of advanced technologies have been developed for detecting and quantifying infection biomarkers. Finding a timely, accurate, non-invasive diagnostic alternative that does not require a high level of training is a critical step toward arresting common clinical patterns of wound health decline. There is growing interest in the development of innovative diagnostics utilizing a variety of emerging technologies, and new biomarkers have been investigated as potential indicators of wound infection. In this review, we summarize diagnostics available for wound infection, including those used in clinics and still under development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significance: We present a motion-resistant three-wavelength spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) system with ambient light suppression using an 8-tap complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor (CIS) developed at Shizuoka University. The system addresses limitations in conventional SFDI systems, enabling reliable measurements in challenging imaging scenarios that are closer to real-world conditions. Aim: Our study demonstrates a three-wavelength SFDI system based on an 8-tap CIS. We demonstrate and evaluate the system's capability of mitigating motion artifacts and ambient light bias through tissue phantom reflectance experiments and in vivo volar forearm experiments. Approach: We incorporated the Hilbert transform to reduce the required number of projected patterns per wavelength from three to two per spatial frequency. The 8-tap image sensor has eight charge storage diodes per pixel; therefore, simultaneous image acquisition of eight images based on multi-exposure is possible. Taking advantage of this feature, the sensor simultaneously acquires images for planar illumination, sinusoidal pattern projection at three wavelengths, and ambient light. The ambient light bias is eliminated by subtracting the ambient light image from the others. Motion artifacts are suppressed by reducing the exposure and projection time for each pattern while maintaining sufficient signal levels by repeating the exposure. The system is compared to a conventional SFDI system in tissue phantom experiments and then in vivo measurements of human volar forearms. Results: The 8-tap image sensor-based SFDI system achieved an acquisition rate of 9.4 frame sets per second, with three repeated exposures during each accumulation period. The diffuse reflectance maps of three different tissue phantoms using the conventional SFDI system and the 8-tap image sensor-based SFDI system showed good agreement except for high scattering phantoms. For the in vivo volar forearm measurements, our system successfully measured total hemoglobin concentration, tissue oxygen saturation, and reduced scattering coefficient maps of the subject during motion (16.5 cm/s) and under ambient light (28.9 lx), exhibiting fewer motion artifacts compared with the conventional SFDI. Conclusions: We demonstrated the potential for motion-resistant three-wavelength SFDI system with ambient light suppression using an 8-tap CIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Endometritis in donkeys is increasingly being recognised in China because of its impact on reproductive performance. Histopathological examination of the endometrial biopsy is the gold standard method for equine endometritis diagnosis, but so far, its application to diagnose donkey endometritis has been limited. In this study, 48 jennies at donkey farms in Hebei province, China, diagnosed with endometritis had an endometrial biopsy performed from 2019 to 2021 for histopathological examination and were categorised into grade I (2/48), IIA (24/48), IIB (15/48) and III (7/48). Selected typical endometrial biopsy samples of each category along with cytology from four jennies with endometritis were described more specifically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To validate a radiomics model based on multi-sequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting the ki-67 expression levels in early-stage endometrial cancer, 131 patients with early endometrial cancer who had undergone pathological examination and preoperative MRI scan were retrospectively enrolled and divided into two groups based on the ki-67 expression levels. The radiomics features were extracted from the T2 weighted imaging (T2WI), dynamic contrast enhanced T1 weighted imaging (DCE-T1WI), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map and screened using the Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC). A multi-layer perceptual machine and fivefold cross-validation were used to construct the radiomics model. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to assess the models. The combined multi-sequence radiomics model of T2WI, DCE-T1WI, and ADC map showed better discriminatory powers than those using only one sequence. The combined radiomics models with multi-sequence fusions achieved the highest area under the ROC curve (AUC). The AUC value of the validation set was 0.852, with an accuracy of 0.827, sensitivity of 0.844, specificity of 0.773, and precision of 0.799. In conclusion, the combined multi-sequence MRI based radiomics model enables preoperative noninvasive prediction of the ki-67 expression levels in early endometrial cancer. This provides an objective imaging basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near‐band‐edge emissions ranging from red (≈630 to 602 nm) to green (≈550 to 534 nm) and blue (≈494 to 480 nm) colors have been detected in full‐series GaSe1‐xSx (0≤x≤1) multilayers using micro‐photoluminescence (µPL) measurements from 4 to 300 K. The multilayered chalcogenides crystallize in a hexagonal structure, with observed mixed stacking phases of ε and β polymorphs through X‐ray diffraction and Raman measurements. The µPL results, along with experimental band‐edge characterization through thermoreflectance, identify the ε‐stacked phase as the crucial phase responsible for direct recombination and the emission of free excitons within the visible range. A mixed‐color white light is created by PL, which is emitted from the layered GaSe1‐xSx series of different colors, and is positioned at the center of the CIE coordination plot (i.e., white color). To assess the emission properties of both band edges and defects in the layered compounds, time‐resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) is employed, using an area mapping function. The photoluminescence decay lifetime increases as the sulfur content is increased, owing to the greater occurrence of mixed‐phase stacking faults near the β‐GaS end within the GaSe1‐xSx (0≤x≤1) series. The multilayer GaSe1‐xSx (0≤x≤1) represents a distinct 2D chalcogenide series well‐suited for emitting full‐color visible light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Separator is a pivotal component of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and determines the electrochemical performance and safety. However, with the increase in energy density and application scenarios, commercial polyolefin separators are increasingly unable to undertake heavy responsibility of battery safety protection. Herein, a new kind of nanofiber separator based on poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) with excellent thermal stability, self-extinguishing, and superior electrochemical properties is reported. Effective inheritance of intrinsic properties from raw PEEK materials and optimized hot-pressing operation endows the separator with high robustness and wettability, showing tensile strength of 15.8 MPa and a contact angle of 17.2°. The high thermal stability of PEEK can ensure the separator to preserve the structural integrity and microstructure at temperatures beyond 300 °C, and the excellent self-extinguishing peculiarity of PEEK capacitates the high safety of LIB. Notably, benefitting from high porosity and polar surface, the PEEK separator shows high electrolyte uptake of 245.5% and exhibits a wider electrochemical window and faster lithium-ion transport number than commercial polyolefin separators. Furthermore, cells assembled with PEEK separator display better performance than the ones with PE separator, and the PEEK LIB has been successfully used to light up a lamp at a high temperature of 150 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficient synthesis of N‐glycosides via direct N‐glycosylation of amides/azacycles has been reported. The glycosylation of amides/azacycles with glycosyl halides in the presence of a catalytic amount of urea proceeded smoothly to provide the corresponding N‐glycosylated amides or nucleosides in good to excellent yields with 1,2‐trans‐stereoselectivity. Moreover, by the addition of terpyridine, the 1,2‐cis‐stereoselectivity was achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant cells must precisely regulate extracellular pH (pH e) by sensing subtle changes caused by the environment or neighboring cells. This allows plants to acclimatize to their environment and modulate growth and development. pH e controls the chemistry and rheology of the cell wall to adjust its elasticity and spatiotemporally regulate cell expansion in plants. Plasma membrane (PM)-localized H+-ATPases, cell-wall components, and cell wall-remodeling enzymes jointly maintain pH e homeostasis. Although the acid growth theory was proposed five decades ago, the mechanism underlying auxin-induced extracellular acidification has only recently been deciphered: TRANSMEMBRANE KINASES (TMKs) are the key signaling components that mediate the rapid effect of auxin on PM H+-ATPase. PM-localized cell-surface peptide–receptor pairs sense pH e during plant development, reproduction, and immunity. In plants, pH determines nutrient acquisition and sensing, and triggers responses to osmotic stress, whereas pH homeostasis protects the cellular machinery. Extracellular pH (pH e) controls the chemistry and rheology of the cell wall to adjust its elasticity and regulate cell expansion in space and time. Plasma membrane (PM)-localized proton pumps, cell-wall components, and cell wall-remodeling enzymes jointly maintain pH e homeostasis. To adapt to their environment and modulate growth and development, plant cells must sense subtle changes in pH e caused by the environment or neighboring cells. Accumulating evidence indicates that PM-localized cell-surface peptide–receptor pairs sense pH e. We highlight recent advances in understanding how plants perceive and maintain pH e , and discuss future perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Late-stage functionalization (LSF) introduces functional group or structural modification at the final stage of the synthesis of natural products, drugs, and complex compounds. It is anticipated that late-stage functionalization would improve drug discovery's effectiveness and efficiency and hasten the creation of various chemical libraries. Consequently, late-stage functionalization of natural products is a productive technique to produce natural product derivatives, which significantly impacts chemical biology and drug development. Carbon–carbon bonds make up the fundamental framework of organic molecules. Compared with the carbon–carbon bond construction, the carbon–carbon bond activation can directly enable molecular editing (deletion, insertion, or modification of atoms or groups of atoms) and provide a more efficient and accurate synthetic strategy. However, the efficient and selective activation of unstrained carbon–carbon bonds is still one of the most challenging projects in organic synthesis. This review encompasses the strategies employed in recent years for carbon–carbon bond cleavage by explicitly focusing on their applicability in late-stage functionalization. This review expands the current discourse on carbon–carbon bond cleavage in late-stage functionalization reactions by providing a comprehensive overview of the selective cleavage of various types of carbon–carbon bonds. This includes C–C-(sp), C–C-(sp2), and C–C-(sp3) single bonds; carbon–carbon double bonds; and carbon–carbon triple bonds, with a focus on catalysis by transition metals or organocatalysts. Additionally, specific topics, such as ring-opening processes involving carbon–carbon bond cleavage in three-, four-, five-, and six-membered rings, are discussed, and exemplar applications of these techniques are showcased in the context of complex bioactive molecules or drug discovery. This review aims to shed light on recent advancements in the field and propose potential avenues for future research in the realm of late-stage carbon–carbon bond functionalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we construct and give a characterization of simple restricted modules over the universal central extension G ˜ of the planar Galilean conformal algebra G. As a result, we not only recover many known simple G ˜ -modules (resp. G -modules), but also construct a lot of new ones. In particular, we recover the main results in [13] and [19]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous findings show that large-scale atmospheric circulation plays an important role in driving Arctic sea ice variability from synoptic to seasonal time scales. While some circulation patterns responsible for Barents–Kara sea ice changes have been identified in previous works, the most important patterns and the role of their persistence remain unclear. Our study uses self-organizing maps to identify nine high-latitude circulation patterns responsible for day-to-day Barents–Kara sea ice changes. Circulation patterns with a high pressure center over the Urals (Scandinavia) and a low pressure center over Iceland (Greenland) are found to be the most important for Barents–Kara sea ice loss. Their opposite-phase counterparts are found to be the most important for sea ice growth. The persistence of these circulation patterns helps explain sea ice variability from synoptic to seasonal time scales. We further use sea ice models forced by observed atmospheric fields (including the surface circulation and temperature) to reproduce observed sea ice variability and diagnose the role of atmosphere-driven thermodynamic and dynamic processes. Results show that thermodynamic and dynamic processes similarly contribute to Barents–Kara sea ice concentration changes on synoptic time scales via circulation. On seasonal time scales, thermodynamic processes seem to play a stronger role than dynamic processes. Overall, our study highlights the importance of large-scale atmospheric circulation, its persistence, and varying physical processes in shaping sea ice variability across multiple time scales, which has implications for seasonal sea ice prediction. Significance Statement: Understanding what processes lead to Arctic sea ice changes is important due to their significant impacts on the ecosystem, weather, and shipping, and hence our society. A well-known process that causes sea ice changes is atmospheric circulation variability. We further pin down what circulation patterns and underlying mechanisms matter. We identify multiple circulation patterns responsible for sea ice loss and growth to different extents. We find that the circulation can cause sea ice loss by mechanically pushing sea ice northward and bringing warm and moist air to melt sea ice. The two processes are similarly important. Our study advances understanding of the Arctic sea ice variability with important implications for Arctic sea ice prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective • This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of rapid recovery nursing therapy in enhancing digestive tract function recovery following intestinal surgery. Methods • This study included 100 post-intestinal surgery patients between March 2020 and March 2022. A random table method was used, and patients were assigned to either a control group receiving standard nursing care or an experimental group receiving rapid rehabilitation therapy. A thorough assessment compared different outcomes such as gastrointestinal function recovery, physical recuperation, stress levels, postoperative adverse events, nutritional status, nursing efficacy, and patient satisfaction between the two groups. Results • Compared to the control group, the experimental group exhibited significant improvements in gastrointestinal function and physiological parameters (P < .05). Additionally, the experimental group experienced fewer adverse effects, improved nursing outcomes, and higher patient satisfaction post-treatment (P < .05). Conclusions • Rapid rehabilitation nursing therapy in patients undergoing intestinal surgery substantially enhances digestive tract function and overall patient wellbeing. It effectively reduces the incidence of postoperative complications, accelerates the patient’s recovery process, and improves their quality of life. Patient satisfaction with postoperative fast recovery care was notably high. This rehabilitation approach holds significant promise for patients undergoing intestinal surgery and merits wider adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new alkaloids, spongimides A (1) and B (2), along with five known ones (3–7), were isolated from the marine sponge Spongia sp. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined by the spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, MS, and NMR) and X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1, 3, and 4 were the first examples of 2,4-imidazolidinediones isolated from this genus. In addition, the cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of compounds 1 and 2 were also evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute purulent enteritis is uncommon, which occasionally occurs in association with mechanical injuries from foreign bodies of helminth parasites and the contaminated food, leading to bacterial invasion. Herein we report a case of acute purulent enteritis after appendectomy. A 44-year-old male was diagnosed with right lower abdominal pain and vomiting. Acute appendicitis was diagnosed, and an open appendectomy was performed. Postoperatively, the patient developed symptoms of small intestine obstruction. A laparotomy revealed necrosis of the small intestine, and resection was performed. Pathological examination confirmed acute purulent enteritis. Acute purulent enteritis, which is a serious disease resulting in great disaster to patients, following appendectomy is uncommon. Prompt recognition and abdominal computerized tomography scanning are crucial for accurate diagnosis. Early intervention is necessary to prevent complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HER2-positive breast cancer (BC) invasiveness and drug-resistance issue is the critical treatment obstacle recently. We investigated the total and phosphorylated status EZH2 expression in database and BC tissue microarray. We demonstrated for the first time that EZH2 is distributed both in cytoplasm and nucleus of breast cancer cells in a phosphorylation site-specific manner. High expressed-EZH2 cases more frequently had an advanced clinical stage (lymph node metastasis) and aggressive features than EZH2-low cases, potentially indicating the high risk of HER2-positive BC (p < 0.05). Notably, highly expressed phosphorylated EZH2 is differently located in cytoplasm or nucleus in a site-specific manner in breast cancer cells. Nucleus-located pEZH2-S21 is expressed in invasive and lymph node metastatic HER2-positive BC cases (p = 0.144, p = 0.001). Cytoplasmic pEZH2-T487 is correlated with HER2 positive status (p = 0.014). In conclusion, high expression of nucleus-located EZH2 might be a predictor of invasive BC. Activation of phosphorylated EZH2-S21 site in nucleus would be a potential predictor of HER2-positve BC and poor efficacy of HER2-target therapy. These results point to a PRC2-independent non-epigenetic mechanism and therapeutic strategy of EZH2 in HER2-positive BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]