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Due to its low photogenerated carrier separation efficiency and wide band gap, the photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 is not ideal. In this work, CeCO 3 OH/TiO 2 composites were successfully prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. A series of characterisations shows that the CeCO 3 OH/TiO 2 composites improves the photogenerated carrier separation efficiency, narrowes the band gap width and increases the visible light absorption capacity compared with the monomer, enhancing the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance. Under visible light irradiation, 20% CeCO 3 OH/TiO 2 exhibites the highest photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of 2386.16 μmol g−1 h−1, which is 18.7 times higher than that of pure TiO 2 and 25.8 times higher than that of pure CeCO 3 OH. It provides ideas for the development of more efficient photocatalytic materials and technologies. • CeCO 3 OH loading on the TiO 2 surface promotes the separation of photogenerated carriers. • 20% CeCO 3 OH/TiO 2 has the best photocatalytic performance, which is 18.7 and 25.8 times higher than TiO 2 and CeCO 3 OH. • A possible mechanism for photocatalytic hydrogen production is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A two‐enzyme cascade system containing ω‐transaminase (ω‐TA) and L‐threonine aldolase (L‐ThA) was reported for the synthesis of 3‐Phenylserine starting from benzylamine, and PLP was utilized as the only cofactor in these both two enzymes reaction system. Based on the transamination results, benzylamine was optimized as an advantageous amino donor as confirmed by MD simulation results. This cascade reaction system could not only facilitate the in situ removal of the co‐product benzaldehyde, enhancing the economic viability of the reaction, but also establish a novel pathway for synthesizing high‐value phenyl‐serine derivatives. In our study, nearly 95 % of benzylamine was converted, yielding over 54 % of 3‐Phenylserine under the optimized conditions cascade reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have a greater potential to be widely used in UAV-assisted IoT applications. UAV formation, as an effective way to improve surveillance and security, has been extensively of concern. The leader–follower approach is efficient for UAV formation, as the whole formation system needs to find only the leader's trajectory. This paper studies the leader–follower surveillance system. Owing to different scenarios and assignments, the leading velocity is dynamic. The inevitable communication time delays resulting from information sending, communicating and receiving process bring challenges in the design of real-time UAV formation control. In this paper, the design of UAV formation tracking based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is investigated for high mobility scenarios in the presence of communication delay. To be more specific, the optimization UAV formation problem is firstly formulated to be a state error minimization problem by using the quadratic cost function when the communication delay is considered. Then, the delay-informed Markov decision process (DIMDP) is developed by including the previous actions in order to compensate the performance degradation induced by the time delay. Subsequently, an extended-delay informed deep deterministic policy gradient (DIDDPG) algorithm is proposed. Finally, some issues, such as computational complexity analysis and the effect of the time delay are discussed, and then the proposed intelligent algorithm is further extended to the arbitrary communication delay case. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed DIDDPG algorithm can significantly alleviate the performance degradation caused by time delays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reduce the issue of tri-primary color reabsorption, a new approach for single-phase phosphors as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has been recommended. The structures, morphology, photoluminescence, thermal stability, and luminescence mechanism of a variety of Ca3Bi (PO4)3 (CBPO): Ce3+/Dy3+ phosphors were investigated. XRD characterization showed that all CBPO samples were eulytite structures. Furthermore, the energy transfer process from Ce3+ to Dy3+ in CBPO is systematically investigated in this work, and the color of light can be adjusted by changing the ratio of doped ions. Under UV light, energy is transferred from Ce3+-Dy3+ mainly through quadrupole-quadrupole interactions in the CBPO host, and doping with different Dy3+ concentrations tunes the emission color from blue to white. The thermal stability of the CBPO: 0.04Ce3+, 0.08Dy3+ samples is outstanding, and the CIE coordinates of the samples after emission have little effect with temperature, while their emission intensity at 423 K is as strong as that at room temperature, reaching 90%. The above results indicate that this CBPO material has great potential as a white light phosphor under near-UV excitation at the optimized concentration of Ce3+ and Dy3+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary liver cancer has become the second most fatal cancer in the world, and its five-year survival rate is only 10%. Most patients are in the middle and advanced stages at the time of diagnosis, losing the opportunity for radical treatment. Liver cancer is not sensitive to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. At present, conventional molecularly targeted drugs for liver cancer show some problems, such as short residence time, poor drug enrichment, and drug resistance. Therefore, developing new diagnosis and treatment methods to effectively improve the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term prognosis of liver cancer is urgent. As an emerging discipline, nanobiotechnology, based on safe, stable, and efficient nanomaterials, constructs highly targeted nanocarriers according to the unique characteristics of tumors and further derives a variety of efficient diagnosis and treatment methods based on this transport system, providing a new method for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer. This paper aims to summarize the latest progress in this field according to existing research and the latest clinical diagnosis and treatment guidelines in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as well as clarify the role, application limitations, and prospects of research on nanomaterials and the development and application of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional polymer separation membranes or coatings suffer from poor separation performance and serious failure in highly corrosive environments, due to their low chemical and mechanical stability. Herein, a simple electrospraying and electrospinning strategy was used to prepare flexible superhydrophobic carbon fiber membranes (FSCFM). The wettability of FSCFM was improved by forming a lotus leaf-like hierarchical rough structure on its surface. The FSCFM exhibited an excellent permeation flux of immiscible oil-water mixtures (up to 15,800 L m−2 h−1) and water-in-oil emulsions (over 5500 L m−2 h−1), while the separation efficiencies were always kept at more than 99 % after 25 consecutive separations. Even in corrosive environments, its separation performance did not show any degradation. Notably, except for recovering floating oil under external driving forces with excellent cyclic stabilities, FSCFM was also able to transport various corrosive solutions with high efficiencies (99.9 %). After multiple mechanical damages and bending cycles, the FSCFM remained superhydrophobic. It could also maintain its repellency in strong acids/bases, high salt solutions and even under high-temperature environments (94.5 °C). These superior properties make it a strong candidate for oil-water mixture/emulsion separation and non-destructive transport of highly corrosive fluids. [Display omitted] • Flexible superhydrophobic carbon fiber with a lotus leaf structure. • Excellent separation capability of oil-water mixtures and emulsions. • The separation performance in highly corrosive environments remains unchanged. • Excellent mechanochemical robustness and multifunctionality were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BiOBr (BOB) photocatalysts have low photocatalytic CO 2 reduction performance due to their low electron-hole pair separation efficiency. To improve this problem, BiOCl (BOCl) is used as a co-catalyst. BOCl is loaded into BOB to form BiOCl/BiOBr (BOCl/BOB) type Ⅰ heterojunction, which enhances the photocatalytic CO 2 reduction performance of BOB by promoting the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes. The results of TPR and PL experiments show that the 20% BOCl/BOB composites have the highest photogenerated carrier separation rate, and the results of CO 2 reduction experiments show that 20% BOCl/BOB composites have the best photocatalytic CO 2 reduction performance of 7.353 μmolg−1h−1, which is 3.22 and 1.99 times higher than pure BOB and BOCl, respectively. This work provides an effective reference for the development of modified photocatalysts. [Display omitted] • BOCl promotes BiOBr photogenerated carriers separation. • The photocatalytic CO 2 reduction performance reached 7.353 µmol g−1 h−1. • A possible mechanism for photocatalytic CO 2 reduction is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Candle soot-modified under-liquid superlyophobic fiber membrane. • USFM-15 had high porosity and selective wettability. • USFM-15 exhibited ultra-high oil–water mixture/emulsion separation properties. • USFM-15 had relatively high chemical stability and mechanical durability. Separation membranes with super-wettability are highly desirable for treating various oil/water contaminants. However, common fiber membranes suffer from single selectivity, poor stability and unsuitable pore structures, which cannot be easily modified to improve their separation performance in practice. Herein, an under-liquid superlyophobic fiber membrane (USFM) was prepared by a two-step approach, namely, spraying candle soot on an electrospun fiber membrane to form a rough structure and subsequently a thermal treatment step to improve stabilities. The obtained USFM-15 exhibits superamphiphilicity in air and under-liquid superlyophobicity after being pre-wetted by water and oil. With the synergy of suitable porosity and high selective wettability, the obtained membrane exhibited permeation fluxes of as high as 22,000 and 56,000 L m-2 h−1 with a separation efficiency of more than 99.5% for immiscible light/heavy oil/water mixtures. The USFM-15 also showed an excellent permeation flux for oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions of up to 4,000 and 20,000 L m-2 h−1, respectively. The separation efficiency of USFM-15 for emulsion was still more than 99.2% after 25 cycles. Moreover, the USFM-15 also has excellent reusability, high chemical stability and mechanical durability. The results of this study are expected to provide essential inspiration for designing, developing, and commercializing unique wetting materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The measurements from the Venus Express spacecraft are analyzed for the basic properties of fast forward interplanetary shocks at Venus's orbit (∼0.72 au). A total of 143 fast forward interplanetary shock candidates during 2006–2014 are identified. The shock angle ΘBn, defined as the angle between the shock normal and the upstream magnetic field, and the magnetic compression ratio rB, defined as the ratio of the magnetic field strength downstream to that upstream, of these shocks are determined based on the magnetic coplanarity method. The shock occurrence at Venus shows a correlated variation with the solar activity level measured by the number of sunspots, while the shock angle and magnetic compression ratio do not show such a correspondence. The shock angle spreads almost uniformly between 10° and 80° with its mean value at about 45°, and the magnetic compression ratio shows a unimodal distribution between 1.0 and 4.5 with a mean value of 2.1. In addition, we also analyze the properties of fast forward shocks driven by interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). We found that interplanetary shocks with and without detected ICMEs showed no significant differences in terms of the shock strength and the shock angle. Further comparison with previous observational results at 1 au shows that fast forward shocks at 1 au are generally weaker than those at 0.72 au, and the shock angle ΘBn is more perpendicular at 1 au. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the duration and size, magnetic flux ropes can be divided into large-scale flux ropes, namely, magnetic clouds, and small-scale flux ropes (SFRs). Whether SFRs have the same origin as magnetic clouds has been a hot topic for a long time. Based on the SFR database developed by Hu et al. and Chen et al., this paper analyzes the properties of SFRs in different types of solar wind, which are SFRs in interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), SFRs in stream interaction regions, and SFRs in background solar wind. On the assumption that SFRs in ICMEs have the same origin as magnetic clouds, we compare the three types of SFRs from several aspects, attempting to shed some light on the dispute, i.e., whether SFRs are homologous to magnetic clouds. The results show that up to 91% of the SFRs are outside ICMEs. Unlike SFRs in ICMEs, SFRs outside ICMEs seldom have large magnetic field strength and apparent expansion signatures. In addition, 36% of the SFRs in ICMEs have enhanced iron charge states. This probability is much higher than the other two types of SFRs. By an automatic method, this paper also find that counterstreaming electrons are more common in SFRs in ICMEs. Considering strong magnetic field, expansion signatures, large iron charge state, and counterstreaming electrons are important indicators of magnetic clouds, we believe that most of the SFRs near Earth have different origins from magnetic clouds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breast and cervical cancer are the most common cancers in women, and are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Cancer screening can facilitate early diagnosis, reduce mortality, and ease the burden of cancer. Social support and self-efficacy are strongly associated with cancer screening behavior. The present study aimed to explore the mediating effect of self-efficacy on social support and cancer screening behavior. Methods: In this cross-sectional survey study conducted from June to October 2023, 312 women aged 35–65 years were recruited from the East Coast area of China. A general information questionnaire, cancer screening behavior questionnaire, social support scale and self-efficacy scale were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the general characteristics of participants; one-way analysis of variance was used to test for differences in the measured variables; and Pearson's correlation analyses were used to describe the relationship among social support, self-efficacy, and cancer screening behavior. A mediation model was constructed and analyzed using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. Results: The mean (standard deviation) screening behavior score for breast cancer and cervical cancer was 3.98 (2.79), representing an intermediate level. Self-efficacy was closely related to social support and cancer screening behavior. Social support showed a significant positive correlation with self-efficacy (r = 0.37, p < 0.01) and cancer screening behavior (r = 0.18, p < 0.01). Self-efficacy was also significantly positively correlated with cancer screening behavior (r = 0.19, p < 0.05). Self-efficacy showed a full mediating effect between social support and cancer screening behavior, with an explanatory power of 32%. Conclusions: The findings emphasize the need to increase women's level of social support and self-efficacy, which in turn can increase women's participation in breast and cervical cancer screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water pollution caused by oily and textile wastewater has become a global concerned problem. Wastewater typically contains organic dyes, oil-water emulsions and other pollutants. Hence, it is crucially important to prepare materials that can separate oil-water mixtures/emulsions and adsorb organic dyes. In this work, the semi-encapsulated MOF-5 modified coal-based fiber membranes were prepared by one-step electrospinning method. The modified membrane exhibits superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic, excellent stability, high flux (oil-water mixture flux = 8861 L m-2 h-1, oil-in-water emulsion flux = 504 L m-2 h-1) and commendable separation efficiency (98.7%, 99.9%). The membrane could achieve a highly efficient dye absorption (94.9%). The semi-encapsulated construction makes the MOF-5 well protected and the active site can be greatly exposed, leading to significantly improved stability and adsorptive properties. The MOF-5 modification renders the surfaces hydrophilic and increases the roughness which improves water flux and wettability. The composite material provides a new idea for the separation of oil-water mixtures/emulsions and the adsorption of organic dyes. [Display omitted] • The semi-encapsulated structural membranes are prepared by a facile one-step electrospinning method. • The obtained 0.75MOF‐5@CFM can achieve both high oil-water separation and dye adsorption efficiency. • The 0.75MOF‐5@CFM exhibits superior stability and urability of oil-water separation even under extreme environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficient and environmentally friendly removal of halogen substituents from organic substances is crucial for reducing the ecological and health hazards posed by persistent halogenated compounds. In this regard, we introduce CoN3P1@NP-PC, a novel asymmetric CoN3P1 single-atom catalyst, which demonstrates outstanding efficiency in transfer hydrodehalogenation (HDH) using just two equivalents of HCOONH4 as a benign and effective reducing agent. This catalyst was synthesized through a simple post-implantation method, capitalizing on the high porosity and large surface area of ZIF-8 precursors. Extensive characterization via a range of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques confirmed CoN3P1@NP-PC's superior atomic dispersion and asymmetric structural integrity, which was more favourable for HCOONH4 activation allowing facile generation of hydrogen radicals along with electron transfer. In our comprehensive evaluation, CoN3P1@NP-PC displayed outstanding versatility for the transformation of a diverse array of halogenated substrates, efficiently processing compounds with varied functional groups and complex molecular structures. Notably, CoN3P1@NP-PC proved particularly effective in breaking down brominated flame retardants such as 2,4,6-tribromophenol and tetrabromobisphenol A, reinforcing its potential as a powerful tool for ecological restoration and pollution control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Carbon dots (CD) was coupled with TiO 2 mesocrystals, where CD displayed both the electron collectors and the active sites. • The positive charges on the CD/MT surface favored the selective adsorption of Cr(VI) and rapid desorption of Cr(III). • The selective adsorption-desorption has an obvious promotion on the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) and recyclability. • The CD/MT exhibited activity about 5.4 times higher than the pure TiO 2 mesocrystals during photoreduction of Cr(VI). • It provides a simple and effective adsorption-photoreduction-desorption mechanism for the photo-reduction of Cr (VI). Abstract The photocatalytic reduction efficiency of hexavalent chromium (Cr 2 O 7 2− (Cr(VI)) is suffering from high recombination of photoinduced charges, poor adsorption capacity of Cr(VI), and slow desorption of product trivalent chromium (Cr3+ (Cr(III))) from photocatalyst surface. In this work, carbon dots (CDs) was coupled with TiO 2 mesocrystals (MT), where CDs displayed both the electron collectors and the active sites. During photoreduction of Cr(VI), the as-prepared CD/MT exhibited activity about 5.4 times higher than the pure TiO 2 mesocrystals. The positive charges on the CD/MT surface favored the selective adsorption of Cr(VI) and rapid desorption of Cr(III), which has an obvious promotion on the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) and retention of photoreduction activity. Meanwhile, the CDs coupled on TiO 2 mesocrystals facilitated the separation of photogenerated charges. This work provides a simple and effective adsorption-photoreduction-desorption mechanism for the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrospinning, as a novel nontextile filament technology, is an important method to prepare continuous nanofibers and has shown its remarkable advantages, such as a broadly applicable material system, controllable fiber size and structure, and simple process. Electrospun nanofiber membranes prepared by electrospinning have shown promising applications in many fields, such as supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, and sodium-ion batteries, owing to their large specific surface area and adjustable network pore structure. The principle of electrospinning and key points relevant to its usage in the preparation of high-performance electrochemical energy storage materials are reviewed herein based on recent publications, particularly focusing on research progress of relative materials. Also, this review describes a distinctive conclusion and perspective on the future challenges and opportunities in electrospun nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ce3+,Dy3+ and Tb3+ doped BaZn2(PO4)2 phosphors were prepared via a high temperature solid state reaction route. The crystal structure, photoluminescence properties, decay lifetime, luminous efficiency and thermal stability of the phosphors were investigated. The mechanism of Ce3+–Dy3+/Tb3+ energy transfer was determined to be a dipole–dipole interaction based on the photoluminescence spectra and decay curves of the phosphors. The critical distance between the Ce3+ and Dy3+/Tb3+ ions was calculated using both the concentration quenching method and the spectral overlap method. Tunable emission from blue to bluish white and green can be realized by energy transfer and changing the doping concentrations of Dy3+ and Tb3+ under UV light. BaZn2(PO4)2:Ce3+,Dy3+/Tb3+ phosphors are proved to be promising candidates in the lighting field due to their excellent thermal stability and luminescence properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The luminescent property of the Zn 2 P 2 O 7 : Dy 3+ was improved by co-doping Ce 3+ ion into phosphor. The photoluminescence intensity of Dy 3+ was remarkably enhanced by co-doping Ce 3+ . The enhance of emission intensity of Dy 3+ was proposed to be the energy transfer process between Ce 3+ and Dy 3+ which dominated by the electric dipole–dipole interaction, and the energy transfer efficiency is about 90%. The novel phosphors have excellent thermal stability and the emission intensity at 473 K only decreased by 9% than that at room temperature. Furthermore, the CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinates of Zn 2 P 2 O 7 : Ce 3+ , Dy 3+ were adjacent to the ideal white light coordinates, which points to its high potential for white light emitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of color tunable Tb3+- and Eu3+-activated Sr2P2O7 phosphors were synthesized by a traditional solid-state reaction method in air atmosphere. The crystal structure, photoluminescence ( PL) properties, energy transfer, thermal stability, and luminous efficiency were investigated. A series of characteristic emission of Tb3+ and Eu3+ were observed in the PL spectra and the variation in the emission intensities of the three emission peaks at around 416 nm (blue), 545 nm (green), and 593 nm (orange-red) induced the multicolor emission evolution by tuning the Tb3+/Eu3+ content ratio. The energy-transfer mechanism from Tb3+ to Eu3+ ion was determined to be dipole-dipole interaction, and the energy-transfer efficiency was about 90%. The novel phosphors have excellent thermal stability in the temperature range of 77-473 K and the Commission International De L'Eclairage 1931 chromaticity coordinates of Sr2P2O7: Tb3+, Eu3+ (λex = 378 nm) move toward the ideal white light coordinates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel green light emitting phosphor Zn 2 P 2 O 7 : Ce 3+ , Tb 3+ was synthesized by the traditional solid state reaction method at 850 °C. The crystal structure, photoluminescence properties, thermal stability and luminous efficiency were investigated. Co-doping of Ce 3+ enhanced the emission intensity of Tb 3+ greatly by transferring its energy to Tb 3+ . Through an efficient energy transfer process, the obtained phosphors exhibit both the weak emission of Ce 3+ (5d–4f) and the strong emission of Tb 3+ ( 5 D 4 – 7 F J ) with considerable intensity. The energy transfer mechanism from Ce 3+ to Tb 3+ ion was determined to be dipole–dipole interaction, and the energy transfer efficiency was over 90%. The effect of Ce 3+ and Tb 3+ concentrations on luminescence in single and co-doped phosphors was also studied. The novel phosphors have excellent thermal stability and remarkable CIE chromaticity coordinates of (0.3149, 0.5652), which points to its high potential as green emitting phosphor in lighting field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A novel orange–red emitting Sr2P2O7:Eu3+, Gd3+ phosphor was synthesized by a traditional solid state reaction method in air atmosphere. The phase, photoluminescence properties, energy transfer and fluorescent thermal stability of as-prepared samples were investigated. Sr2P2O7 phase has a 3D-network structure, where [P2O7] groups connect with each other by corner sharing and Sr2+ ions locate at the polyhedral form in the P–O network. The orange–red emitting luminescence from Eu3+ with the aid of efficient energy transfer between Eu3+ and Gd3+ have been discussed in detail. Sr2P2O7:Eu3+, Gd3+ phosphor shows bright orange–red emission from Eu3+ with peaks around 592nm and 613nm under ultraviolet excitation. The novel phosphor showed weak thermal quenching and excellent luminescence properties, and are therefore of high potential as orange–red phosphor in lighting field. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] A novel spherical phosphor was synthesized using microwave-assisted co-precipitation method. [•] The energy transfer mechanism of Ce3+–Tb3+ was discussed in detail. [•] The phosphors have excellent luminescence properties and thermal stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of UAV technology, the research of optimal UAV formation tracking has been extensively studied. However, the high maneuverability and dynamic network topology of UAVs make formation tracking control much more difficult. In this paper, considering the highly dynamic features of uncertain time-varying leader velocity and network-induced delays, the optimal formation control algorithms for both near-equilibrium and general dynamic control cases are developed. First, the discrete-time error dynamics of UAV leader–follower models are analyzed. Next, a linear quadratic optimization problem is formulated with the objective of minimizing the errors between the desired and actual states consisting of velocity and position information of the follower. The optimal formation tracking problem of near-equilibrium cases is addressed by using a backward recursion method, and then the results are further extended to the general dynamic case where the leader moves at an uncertain time-varying velocity. Additionally, angle deviations are investigated, and it is proved that the similar state dynamics to the general case can be derived and the principle of control strategy design can be maintained. By using actual real-world data, numerical experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed optimal UAV formation-tracking algorithm in both near-equilibrium and dynamic control cases in the presence of network-induced delays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel color tunable phosphor was developed by a high-temperature solid-state reaction route with apatite-type Ca 8 NaGd(PO 4) 6 F 2 (CNGF) as matrix for the doping with Ce3+ and Tb3+ ions. The crystal structures were studied by XRD and Rietveld refinement, which clarified the structural parameters and the occupation of doped ions in crystal lattice. The luminescent intensity of Tb3+ ions was significantly improved by the energy transfer from Ce3+ to Tb3+ ions. According to the luminescence spectra and fluorescence decay curves of CNGF: Ce3+, Tb3+, a possible energy transfer mechanism was proposed. Fluorescent paper was prepared by binding the CNGF: Ce3+, Tb3+ phosphor particles with bacterial cellulose, and the morphology and luminescence properties of the paper were investigated. These results demonstrate that the obtained CNGF: Ce3+, Tb3+ is a promising green phosphor candidate for solid-state lighting and anti-counterfeiting applications. Anti-counterfeit paper was prepared by incorporating the phosphor into BC, it exhibits an outstanding mechanical flexibility and excellent green luminescence properties. Image 1 • Color tunable purplish blue-green emitting phosphors were synthesized. • The energy transfer mechanism in Ca 8 NaGd(PO 4) 6 F 2 : Ce3+, Tb3+ was discussed in detail. • The phosphors have excellent luminescence properties and thermal stability. • Anti-counterfeit paper was prepared by incorporating the phosphor into bacterial-cellulose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Failing to remember the source of retrievable information is known as source amnesia. This phenomenon has been extensively investigated in long-term memory but rarely in working memory, as we share the intuition that the source information of an item that we have encountered in the immediate past is always available. However, a recent study (Chen, Carlson, & Wyble, 2018) challenged this common sense by showing the source amnesia for simple visual stimuli (e.g., colored square) in the context of working memory when participants did not expect having to report source information, which indicated that the source information of visual stimuli was not automatically encoded into working memory. The current study sought to further examine this newly discovered phenomenon by testing whether it persists with complex and meaningful stimuli in the visual modality (Experiments 1, 4a & 4b), cross-visual-and-auditory modalities (Experiments 2a & 2b), and within-auditory modality (Experiment 3). Interestingly, the results revealed that short-term source amnesia was a robust effect in the visual modality even for complex and meaningful stimuli, whereas it was absent in the cross-visual-and-auditory or within-auditory modalities, regardless of reporting expectation. This indicates differences in working memory representations of visual and auditory stimuli, namely, the representation of auditory stimuli was stored together with the corresponding original sources, while that of visual stimuli was stored independently of its source information. These findings have crucial implications for further clarifying the longstanding debate regarding whether or not there is a modality-independent working memory storage system for different modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of KAlP 2 O 7 : Tb3+, Eu3+ Phosphors with tunable green-yellow to red emission have been obtained utilizing Tb3+-Eu3+ energy transfer. • A novel Tb3+, Eu3+ co-doped KAlP 2 O 7 phosphor was firstly synthesis. • The energy transfer mechanism of Tb3+-Eu3+ was discussed in detail. • KAlP 2 O 7 : Tb3+, Eu3+ was color tunable from green to yellow and red. • The phosphor shows excellent thermal stability. A new multicolor-emitting Tb3+-Eu3+ codoped KAlP 2 O 7 (KAPO) phosphor was synthesized by solid-state reaction under the air atmosphere. The synthesis, morphology, luminescence properties, energy transfer mechanisms and thermal stability of the synthesized phosphor were systematically investigated. The codoped phosphor exhibited the characteristic emission of Eu3+ at 612 nm (5D 0 -7F 2) and Tb3+ at 544 nm (5D 4 -7F 5). Under ultraviolet (UV) excitation, KAPO: Tb3+, Eu3+ shows tunable emission from green-yellow to red with increasing of Eu3+ concentration due to efficient Tb3+-Eu3+ energy transfer. Based on the decay curves, the energy transfer from Tb3+ to Eu3+ was classified to be of dipole-dipole interaction resonant type with energy transfer efficiency of ~97%. The excellent luminescent properties and remarkable thermal stabilities suggested that KAPO: Tb3+, Eu3+ is a promising UV-converting material for the fields of lighting and displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional carbon nanosheets have garnered considerable interest as promising anode materials in energy storage devices due to their large specific surface area and excellent conductivity. The efficient synthesis of ultrathin nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets is achieved with the aid of cysteine, employing a green ice/salt-assisted strategy. Ice influences the growth direction of salt crystals and determines the distribution of sodium lignosulfonate on the surfaces of both ice and salt crystals. The introduction of methionine incorporates heteroatoms, altering the electronic structure and chemical activity of the material, thereby effectively enhancing its lithium storage performance. The initial charge capacity of the optimized sample reached 766.4 mA h g−1 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1, maintaining a capacity of 571.1 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles. This study presents an innovative method for fabricating ultrathin carbon nanosheets using eco-friendly, cost-effective sodium lignosulfonate, showcasing a promising candidate for lithium-ion batteries and future energy storage technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Accelerating wound healing is a main consideration in surgery. The three stages of wound healing are inflammatory response, tissue repair and cell proliferation. Much research has focused on epidermal cell proliferation and migration because this is an essential step in wound healing. Methods and Results: The current study discovered that exosomes from Adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) following hypoxic preconditioning (HExo) have a greater promotional effect on vaginal wound healing. Protein kinase B (AKT)/hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) play an important role in HExo-mediated HaCaT cell migration and proliferation. The promotional effect of HExo on rat wound healing was reversed by both, HIF‑1α and AKT inhibition. Phosphorylation of AKT (p-AKT) or HIF‑1α suppression reversed the protective effect of HExo on vaginal wound healing. Conclusion: Taken together, our study found that hypoxic preconditioning of adipose MSC exosomes enhances vaginal wound healing via accelerated keratinocyte proliferation and migration through AKT/HIF‑1α axis activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Disturbance Storm Time (Dst) Index stands as a crucial geomagnetic metric, serving to quantify the intensity of geomagnetic disturbances. The accurate prediction of the Dst index plays a pivotal role in mitigating the detrimental effects caused by severe space-weather events. Therefore, Dst prediction has been a long-standing focal point within the realms of space physics and space-weather forecasting. In this study, a Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) is deployed in tandem with the Integrated Gradient (IG) algorithm to predict the Dst index and scrutinize its associated physical processes. With these two components, our model can give the contribution of each input parameter to the outcome along with the forecast. The TCN component of our model utilizes interplanetary observational data, encompassing the vector magnetic field, solar-wind velocity, proton temperature, proton density, interplanetary electric field, and other relevant parameters for forecasting Dst indices. Despite the disparity in test sets, our model's forecast accuracy approximates the error levels of the prior models. Remarkably, the prediction error of these machine-learning models has become comparable to the inherent error between the Dst index itself and the actual ring-current strength. To understand the physical process behind the forecasting model, the IG algorithm was applied in our prediction model, in an attempt to analyze the underlying physical process of the machine-learning black box. In the temporal dimension, it is evident that the more recent the time, the more substantial the influence on the final prediction. Regarding the physical parameters, besides the historical Dst index itself, the flow pressure, the z -component of the magnetic field, and the proton density all significantly contribute to the final prediction. Additionally, IG attributions were analyzed for subsets of data, including different Dst-index ranges, different observation times, and different interplanetary structures. Most of the subsets exhibit an IG matrix with deviations from the mean distribution, which indicates a complex nonlinear system and sensitivity of the prediction to input values. These analyses align with physical reasoning and are in good agreement with previous research. The results affirm that the TCN+IG technique not only enhances space-weather forecast accuracy but also advances our comprehension of the underlying physical processes in space weather. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The ratio of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-c) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (NHHR) is a novel comprehensive lipid index. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the NHHR and the prevalence of hyperuricaemia (HUA) in the adult population of the U.S. Methods: This cross-sectional study collected data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2007–2018). HUA was defined as a serum uric acid (SUA) concentration ≥ 7 mg/dL in men and ≥ 6 mg/dL in women. Multivariate logistic regression models and the restricted cubic spline (RCS) method were applied to examine the relationship between the NHHR and the risk of developing HUA. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were also performed. Results: The prevalence of HUA increased with increasing NHHR values (9.01% vs. 13.38% vs. 17.31% vs. 25.79%, P < 0.001). The NHHR was independently correlated with the risk of developing HUA (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.05–1.16; P < 0.001). Furthermore, the risk of developing HUA was significantly greater among individuals with the highest NHHR quartile than among those with the lowest NHHR quartile (OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.62–2.33; P < 0.001). This relationship was consistent across subgroups. According to the RCS analysis, an inverted U-shaped relationship existed between the NHHR and the risk of developing HUA. Conclusions: The NHHR was closely associated with an increased risk of developing HUA. Further studies on the NHHR could be beneficial for preventing and treating HUA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing hydrogen energy produced by water electrolysis is conducive to carbon neutrality from a technological point of view. However, this perspective is restrained by the high electricity cost in commercial development. Powering electrochemical reactions by renewable electricity converted from distributed mechanical energy can lead to commercial electric energy saving and cost reduction. In this work, a self‐powered electrochemical system (SPECS) is proposed for the conversion from blue energy of ocean waves to green energy via hydrogen fuel. This system consists of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) devices and an electrolyzer, where the TENG devices serve as ocean wave energy harvesters for electricity generation, while the seawater‐containing electrolyzer is employed for hydrogen generation. After power management on the output of the TENGs and electrochemical reaction optimization, the system can generate hydrogen at a rate of 814.8 µL m‐2 d‐1 and a Faraday efficiency of 69.1% under ideal operation conditions, demonstrating the practical potential of the constructed system toward carbon neutralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The published version of this article, unfortunately, contains error. The author found out that Chinese characters are shown in Scheme 1a. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A photoelectrochemical (PEC) method was developed for the determination of dopamine. It is making use of a composite prepared from gold nanoparticles and TiO2 (type P25) and placed on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode. The composites are used for photoelectrical detection with improved electron transfer efficiency for photoproduction and with improved photoelectrical conversion efficiency. This is due to the excellent electrical conductivity and surface plasmon resonance absorption by gold nanoparticles, and also by the photocatalytic effect of TiO2. Dopamine binds easily to the surface of the composites and acts as an electron donor. This electrode gives a strongly enhanced photocurrent which increases linearly in the 0.1 to 100 μM dopamine concentration range and has a 23 nM detection limit (at S/N = 3). The electrode was operated over 15 cycles of light-on and light-off states every 20 s under visible-light illumination, and the sensor indicates good stability. In addition, it is selective over several possible interferents including uric acid, L-cysteine, glutathione, ascorbic acid and glucose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to develop environmontal friendly and high efficient LPG explosion inhibitors, experiments were carried out to investigate the impact of AeO 9 (fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether) and Sicare2235 (silicone surfactant) surfactants on the suppression effect of N 2 twin-fluid water mist containing modified chloride compounds on 6 % LPG/air explosion. Results showed that: The addition of a single surfactant can significantly reduce the surface tension of the droplets and improve the explosion suppression efficiency of N 2 twin-fluid water mist containing chloride additives. However, chloride additives have selectivity towards surfactants. There are obvious differences in the synergistic inhibition effect of different chlorides and surfactants. Under the combination of 0.6 % AeO 9 , 0.06 % Sicare2235 surfactants and chloride additives, the increase in surface tension will weaken the physical explosion suppression effect and lead to the phenomenon of explosion enhancement. The results of chemical kinetics simulations indicate that, in comparison to a single explosion suppressant, the chlorine-containing compound N 2 twin-fluid water mist effectively lowers the adiabatic flame temperature and the concentration of key free radicals H, OH and O. The reaction CH 3 + H + M = CH 3 OH + M plays a pivotal role in reducing the adiabatic flame temperature during LPG explosion. • Chlorine-containing compounds have excellent explosion suppression effect. • Surfactant can improve the explosion suppression efficiency of water mist. • Chlorinated compounds are selective to surfactants. • The explosion suppression mechanism of chlorine compounds was analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to conventional porous materials with a uniform pore size distribution, hierarchical ones containing interconnected macro-, meso-, and micropores have greatly enhanced material performance due to the increased specific surface area and mass transfer. Copolymer is a good candidate used for construction of such hierarchically porous structures, resulting from its tunable segment composition, unique phase separation, and self-assembly, etc. Hierarchically porous materials derived from copolymers can be served as a versatile support for many reactive molecules. Furthermore, hierarchically porous carbon materials (HPCMs) can also be prepared by carbonization of copolymers, one segment of which is converted to carbon while the other segment is responsible for the pore formation after its removal by pyrolysis. The obtained hierarchically porous copolymers or carbon materials have promising electrochemical applications especially in energy conversion and storage. In the present review, recent advances in preparation of hierarchically porous materials (HPMs) derived from copolymers are reviewed, and their electrochemical applications in supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, fuel cells, electrochemical biosensors, and electrocatalysis are also introduced. The rational design and control for the hierarchically porous microstructures are described deeply from the molecular level. Also, the relationship between the micro-structure and the electrochemical performance is revealed. This review can provide us a better understanding of both theory and experiment for the preparation of hierarchically porous organic materials and their electrochemical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the weaker geomagnetic activity in Solar Cycle 24, we present comparisons of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) fittings and in situ observation parameters in Solar Cycles 23 and 24. According to their in situ features, ICMEs are separated into two categories: isolated ICMEs (I-ICMEs) and multiple ICMEs (M-ICMEs). The number of I-ICMEs in Solar Cycles 23 and 24 does not show a strong difference, while the number of M-ICMEs, which have a high probability of causing intense geomagnetic storms, declines proportionally to the sunspot number in Solar Cycle 24. Despite no obvious variation in their distribution, the geoeffective ICMEs in Solar Cycle 23 have a larger average total magnetic field strength and a larger southern magnetic field than those of Solar Cycle 24. Since the average solar wind velocities of the two solar cycles differ, the geoeffective ICMEs in Solar Cycle 23 have a higher velocity and distinct speed distributions from those in Solar Cycle 24. The total magnetic flux and radius of I-ICMEs in Solar Cycle 23 are larger than those in Solar Cycle 24, while the axial magnetic field intensity is basically the same. We propose that geomagnetic activity in Solar Cycle 24 is lower than that of Solar Cycle 23, due to the smaller M-ICME number, the slower ICME speed, and absence of ICME events with significant southward magnetic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both hydrogen (H2) and copper ions (Cu+) can be used as anti‐cancer treatments. However, the continuous generation of H2 molecules and Cu+ in specific sites of tumors is challenging. Here we anchored Cu2+ on carbon photocatalyst (Cu@CDCN) to allow the continuous generation of H2 and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in tumors using the two‐electron process of visible water splitting. The photocatalytic process also generated redox‐active Cu‐carbon centers. Meanwhile, the Cu2+ residues reacted with H2O2 (the obstacle to the photocatalytic process) to accelerate the two‐electron process of water splitting and cuprous ion (Cu+) generation, in which the Cu2+ residue promoted a pro‐oxidant effect with glutathione through metal‐reducing actions. Both H2 and Cu+ induced mitochondrial dysfunction and intracellular redox homeostasis destruction, which enabled hydrogen therapy and cuproptosis to inhibit cancer cell growth and suppress tumor growth. Our research is the first attempt to integrate hydrogen therapy and cuproptosis using metal‐enhanced visible solar water splitting in nanomedicine, which may provide a safe and effective cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both hydrogen (H2) and copper ions (Cu+) can be used as anti‐cancer treatments. However, the continuous generation of H2 molecules and Cu+ in specific sites of tumors is challenging. Here we anchored Cu2+ on carbon photocatalyst (Cu@CDCN) to allow the continuous generation of H2 and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in tumors using the two‐electron process of visible water splitting. The photocatalytic process also generated redox‐active Cu‐carbon centers. Meanwhile, the Cu2+ residues reacted with H2O2 (the obstacle to the photocatalytic process) to accelerate the two‐electron process of water splitting and cuprous ion (Cu+) generation, in which the Cu2+ residue promoted a pro‐oxidant effect with glutathione through metal‐reducing actions. Both H2 and Cu+ induced mitochondrial dysfunction and intracellular redox homeostasis destruction, which enabled hydrogen therapy and cuproptosis to inhibit cancer cell growth and suppress tumor growth. Our research is the first attempt to integrate hydrogen therapy and cuproptosis using metal‐enhanced visible solar water splitting in nanomedicine, which may provide a safe and effective cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Aqueous Zn-ion battery is expected to become a substitute for Li-ion battery due to its inherent safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. Dendrite growth and side reaction problems during electroplating lead to its low Coulombic efficiency and unsatisfactory life, which greatly limits its practical application. Here, we propose a dual-salts hybrid electrolyte, which alleviates the above issues by mixing Zn(OTf) 2 to ZnSO 4 solution. Extensive tests and MD simulations have shown that the dual-salts hybrid electrolyte can regulate the solvation structure of Zn2+, facilitating uniform Zn deposition, and inhibiting side reactions and dendrite growth. Hence, the dual-salts hybrid electrolyte exhibits good reversibility in Zn//Zn batteries, which can provide a lifetime of more than 880 h at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2. Moreover, the average Coulombic efficiency of Zn//Cu cells in hybrid system can reach 98.2% after 520 h, much better than that of 90.7% in pure ZnSO 4 electrolyte and 92.0% in pure Zn(OTf) 2 electrolyte. Benefiting from the fast ion exchange rate and high ion conductivity, Zn-ion hybrid capacitor in hybrid electrolyte also displays excellent stability and capacitive performance. This effective strategy for dual-salts hybrid electrolytes provides a promising direction for designing aqueous electrolytes for Zn-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The structural defects and oxygen-containing functional groups of carbon materials as electrode materials for supercapacitors or capacitive deionization devices are critical to their electrochemical performance. The tuning of surface oxygen-containing functional groups and carbon defects during pyrolysis is key to achieve a high performance in ion storage. Herein, quinonyl-dominant defective porous carbon is prepared by a pyrolysis and cross-linking route using lavender stem and potassium acetate as precursor. Benefiting from the presence of abundant defect and surface quinonyl groups, porous carbon shows an ultra-high specific capacitance of 401 F g−1 (1 A g−1) and a high capacitance retention of 63% at a high current density of 100 A g−1 in a KOH solution. Meanwhile, as a capacitive deionization electrode material, it also exhibited a high adsorption capacity of 25.5 mg g−1 in 500 mg L-1 NaCl solution at 1.2 V. Theoretical density functional theory (DFT) calculation demonstrates that surface quinonyl groups and carbon defects can synergistically facilitate the adsorption of K+ and Na+ during the charge/discharge process. This work provides a new perspective for understanding the role of surface oxygen-containing groups and intrinsic defects of porous carbon materials in electrochemical energy storage and desalination applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Designing novel complementary electrode combination is an effective way to improve the electrochemical performance of a supercapacitor (SC). In this work, a NiCo 2 O 4 pseudocapacitive cathode material with a hollow hierarchical micro-sphere structure (HMS) was prepared. The obtained NiCo 2 O 4 HMS sample possesses a high capacitance (1148 F g−1) and excellent rate capability. A metallic Ni-loaded VN hybrid (Ni/VN) pseudocapacitive anode material with a hollow hierarchical flower-like architecture (HHMF) was also synthesized. The Ni/VN hybrid anode exhibits a high capacitance and excellent rate capability. Due to the desirable electrochemical performance and complementary potential windows of the two electrodes, a high-voltage pseudocapacitive (−)Ni/VN//NiCo 2 O 4 (+) asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) was fabricated. The obtained ASC with a pseudocapacitive electrode combination can be cycled reversibly in a wide potential window of 0–1.5 V, and exhibits a high specific capacitance of 52 F g−1, a maximum energy density of 16.25 Wh kg−1. These results show that the pseudocapacitive (−)Ni/VN//NiCo 2 O 4 (+) ASC have great potential for application in high-performance energy storage systems. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • Designing pseudocapacitive electrode combinations to improve the electrochemical performance of a supercapacitor. • A pseudocapacitive (-)Ni/VN//NiCo 2 O 4 (+) ASC was assembled, which shows a high specific capacitance and a high operation voltage. • The (-)Ni/VN//NiCo 2 O 4 (+) ASC displays a high energy density, which is comparable with those of Ni-MH batteries. • The tandem device could light up a LED, demonstrating the practical potential of the ASC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a honeycomb-like carbon material derived from petroleum pitch was synthesized by a simple one-step carbonization/activation method using silica nanospheres as the hard templates. The obtained hierarchical porous carbon materials (HPCs) with a large specific surface area and uniform macropore distribution provide abundant active sites and sufficient ion migration channels. When used as an electrode material for supercapacitors, the HPCs exhibit a high specific capacitance of 341.0 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 , excellent rate capability with a capacitance retention of 55.6% at 50 A g −1 (189.5 F g −1 ), and outstanding cycling performance in the three-electrode system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although large amount of effort has been invested in combating thermal quenching that severely degrades the performance of luminescent materials particularly at high temperatures, not much affirmative progress has been realized. Herein, we demonstrate that the Frenkel defect formed via controlled annealing of Sc2(WO4)3:Ln (Ln=Yb, Er, Eu, Tb, Sm), can work as energy reservoir and back‐transfer the stored excitation energy to Ln3+ upon heating. Therefore, except routine anti‐thermal quenching, thermally enhanced 415‐fold downshifting and 405‐fold upconversion luminescence are even obtained in Sc2(WO4)3:Yb/Er, which has set a record of both the Yb3+‐Er3+ energy transfer efficiency (>85 %) and the working temperature at 500 and 1073 K, respectively. Moreover, this design strategy is extendable to other hosts possessing Frenkel defect, and modulation of which directly determines whether enhanced or decreased luminescence can be obtained. This discovery has paved new avenues to reliable generation of high‐temperature luminescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although large amount of effort has been invested in combating thermal quenching that severely degrades the performance of luminescent materials particularly at high temperatures, not much affirmative progress has been realized. Herein, we demonstrate that the Frenkel defect formed via controlled annealing of Sc2(WO4)3:Ln (Ln=Yb, Er, Eu, Tb, Sm), can work as energy reservoir and back‐transfer the stored excitation energy to Ln3+ upon heating. Therefore, except routine anti‐thermal quenching, thermally enhanced 415‐fold downshifting and 405‐fold upconversion luminescence are even obtained in Sc2(WO4)3:Yb/Er, which has set a record of both the Yb3+‐Er3+ energy transfer efficiency (>85 %) and the working temperature at 500 and 1073 K, respectively. Moreover, this design strategy is extendable to other hosts possessing Frenkel defect, and modulation of which directly determines whether enhanced or decreased luminescence can be obtained. This discovery has paved new avenues to reliable generation of high‐temperature luminescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Coal-derived porous carbon with a large specific surface area is a common electrode material for supercapacitors. Its deep and branched micropores, dense bulk morphology and amorphous structure have greatly limited its practical applications. Herein, hybrid carbon materials were obtained from coal through oxidation followed by activation. The method allows tuning the morphology, porosity, structure, and the degree of graphitization. The pre-oxidation with KMnO 4 can break raw coal into small hydrocarbon fragments, which deposit and grow on the surface of generated MnO during pyrolysis leading to hybrid carbon with mesoporous and graphitic nanostructures. Meanwhile, homogeneous etching of the carbon skeleton by the reaction intermediate of K 2 CO 3 led to the formation of abundant active sites. Hence, the optimized sample exhibited a high capacitance of 333 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, an excellent rate capability with 58% capacitance retention at 100 A g−1 and superior cycle durability in a three-electrode system. Besides, an assembled symmetric two-electrode device displayed a high energy density of 8.9 Wh·kg−1 at 250 W·kg−1. This work proposed a facile and rational synthesis strategy by balancing the tradeoff between active sites and intrinsic conductivity and thus provided a new avenue for the value-added utilization of coal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel blue-green emitting Ce3+- and Tb3+-activated K2CaP2O7 ( KCPO) luminescent materials were synthesized via a solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction, luminescence spectroscopy, decay time, and fluorescent thermal stability tests have been used to characterize the prepared samples. The KCPO:Ce3+,Tb3+ luminescence spectra show broad band of Ce3+ ions and characteristic line of Tb3+ ion transition (5D4-7F5). The color variation in the light emitting from blue to green under UV excitation can be obtained by tailoring the Tb3+ content in KCPO:Ce3+. Besides, Ce3+ ions obviously intensify Tb3+ ion emission through an effective energy transfer process, which was confirmed from decay curves. The energy transfer efficiency was determined to be 82.51%. A resonant type mechanism via the dipole-quadrupole interaction can be proposed for energy transfer. As a whole, the KCPO:Ce3+,Tb3+ phosphor exhibits excellent performance in the range from 77 to 673 K, indicating the phosphors are highly potential candidates for solid-state lighting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surface properties and the hierarchical pore structure of carbon materials are important for their actual application in supercapacitors. It is important to pursue an integrated approach that is both easy and cost-effective but also challenging. Herein, coal-based hierarchical porous carbon with nitrogen doping was prepared by a simple dual template strategy using coal as the carbon precursor. The hierarchical pores were controlled by incorporating different target templates. Thanks to high conductivity, large electrochemically active surface area (483 m2 g−1), hierarchical porousness with appropriate micro-/mesoporous channels, and high surface nitrogen content (5.34%), the resulting porous carbon exhibits a high specific capacitance in a three-electrode system using KOH electrolytes, reaching 302 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and 230 F g−1 at 50 A g−1 with a retention rate of 76%. At 250 W kg−1, the symmetrical supercapacitor assembled at 6 M KOH shows a high energy density of 8.3 Wh kg−1, and the stability of the cycling is smooth. The energy density of the symmetric supercapacitor assembled under ionic liquids was further increased to 48.3 Wh kg−1 with a power output of 750 W kg−1 when the operating voltage was increased to 3 V. This work expands the application of coal-based carbon materials in capacitive energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Porous carbons have been widely applied for capacitive energy storage, yet usually suffer from insufficient rate performance because of the sluggish ion transport kinetics in deep and multi-branched pores. Herein, we fabricated an interconnected microporous capacitive carbon (IMCC) by growing D (+)-glucosamine on bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers scaffold, followed by carbonization and activation. The BC nanofibers acted as a sacrificial template during pre-carbonization, facilitating the subsequent KOH permeation and homogeneous activation. By taking advantage of the interconnected microporous structure, the IMCC delivers a high capacitance of 302 F g−1 at 1 A g-1 and an excellent rate capability of 165 F g−1 at 100 A g-1 for aqueous supercapacitor, demonstrating its fast ion transport capability. Impressively, it also shows a superior gravimetric capacity of 177 mAh g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 and remains a high value of 72 mAh g-1 at 20 A g-1 as a cathode material for Zn-ion hybrid capacitor. This facile and cost-effective design strategy exhibits a great potential to construct carbohydrates-derived interconnected microporous carbon materials for high-rate energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different from organic dye/quantum dot possessing one luminescent center, upconversion luminescence (UCL) is actually a statistic of temporal behaviors of countless individual activators. Our experimental results have shown that the rise and decay dynamics of UCL is directly associated with the relative contribution of sensitizer‐to‐activator energy transfer and energy migration among sensitizers, which can be physically modulated by simply tuning the excitation laser. Therefore, dynamic UCL with record‐wide 20‐fold lifetime, ≈70‐fold red‐to‐green intensity ratio, and reversibly definable emission color is easily realized by just modulating the excitation laser. Moreover, this generally applicable strategy only requires a simplest‐possible UCL system whereas prevalent material engineering such as complicated composition design, sophisticated core–shell construction, or tedious chemical synthesis, is no longer needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different from organic dye/quantum dot possessing one luminescent center, upconversion luminescence (UCL) is actually a statistic of temporal behaviors of countless individual activators. Our experimental results have shown that the rise and decay dynamics of UCL is directly associated with the relative contribution of sensitizer‐to‐activator energy transfer and energy migration among sensitizers, which can be physically modulated by simply tuning the excitation laser. Therefore, dynamic UCL with record‐wide 20‐fold lifetime, ≈70‐fold red‐to‐green intensity ratio, and reversibly definable emission color is easily realized by just modulating the excitation laser. Moreover, this generally applicable strategy only requires a simplest‐possible UCL system whereas prevalent material engineering such as complicated composition design, sophisticated core–shell construction, or tedious chemical synthesis, is no longer needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]