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This study aims to explore the relationships among leisure, heritage, and identity through the case study of Malaysian Chinese 24 Festive Drums Performance. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 respondents who were members of the Chinese diaspora from Malaysia currently studying in China and practising 24 Festive Drums as their leisure activity. The findings showed that the three components are interrelated: (a) as identity carrier, heritage confirmed identity, while identity helped to spread the heritage; (b) identity served as a motivation for leisure, which in turn increased leisure participation and strengthened identity; (c) heritage was promoted as leisure practice, which further developed as serious leisure. This study has theoretical contributions in developing a triangular model of interrelationships between leisure, heritage, and identity. Furthermore, practical implications were discussed on demonstrating the potential of the role of leisure in heritage promotion and identity construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leaf numbers are vital in estimating the yield of crops. Traditional manual leaf-counting is tedious, costly, and an enormous job. Recent convolutional neural network-based approaches achieve promising results for rosette plants. However, there is a lack of effective solutions to tackle leaf counting for monocot plants, such as sorghum and maize. The existing approaches often require substantial training datasets and annotations, thus incurring significant overheads for labeling. Moreover, these approaches can easily fail when leaf structures are occluded in images. To address these issues, we present a new deep neural network-based method that does not require any effort to label leaf structures explicitly and achieves superior performance even with severe leaf occlusions in images. Our method extracts leaf skeletons to gain more topological information and applies augmentation to enhance structural variety in the original images. Then, we feed the combination of original images, derived skeletons, and augmentations into a regression model, transferred from Inception-Resnet-V2, for leaf-counting. We find that leaf tips are important in our regression model through an input modification method and a Grad-CAM method. The superiority of the proposed method is validated via comparison with the existing approaches conducted on a similar dataset. The results show that our method does not only improve the accuracy of leaf-counting, with overlaps and occlusions, but also lower the training cost, with fewer annotations compared to the previous state-of-the-art approaches.The robustness of the proposed method against the noise effect is also verified by removing the environmental noises during the image preprocessing and reducing the effect of the noises introduced by skeletonization, with satisfactory outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the prevalence of Internet addiction (IA) and explore its related factors among undergraduates during widespread online learning in China. Design and Methods: The online survey was conducted in April 2020. The Young diagnostic questionnaire and academic burnout scale were respectively used to measure IA and academic burnout. Findings: A total of 28.4% of 7562 participants developed IA, which correlated with academic burnout. Additionally, positive attitude and practice towards COVID‐19 and exercise were protective factors of it. Practice Implications: IA was associated with academic burnout, and better cognition of COVID‐19 and positive lifestyles might reduce its risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is challenge to pinpoint the functional variants among numerous genetic variants. Investigating the spatial dynamics of the human brain transcriptome for genes and exploring the expression quantitative trait loci data may provide the potential direction to identify the functional variants among autism spectrum disorders (ASD) patients. In order to explore the association of ITIH3 with ASD, the present study included three components: identifying the spatial-temporal expression of ITIH3 in the developing human brain using the expression data from the Allen Institute for Brain Science; examining the cis-acting regulatory effect of SNPs on the ITIH3 expression using UK Brain Expression Consortium database; validating the effect of identified SNPs using a case-control study with samples of 602 cases and 604 controls. The public expression data showed that ITIH3 may have a role in the development of human brain and suggested a cis-eQTL effect for rs2535629 and rs3617 on ITIH3 in the hippocampus. Genetic analysis of the above two SNPs suggested that the over-dominant model of rs2535629 was significantly associated with decreased risk of ASD. Convergent lines of evidence supported ITIH3 rs25352629 as a susceptibility variant for ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal stem cell disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis that lead to leukemia. Disorders of the immune system serve important functions in the pathophysiology and progression of this disease. Different levels or mechanisms of natural killer (NK) cells in patients with MDS have been measured in previous studies, making it challenging to understand the pathogenesis of NK cytotoxicity. The present study investigated the frequency of NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and explored the function of NK cells by their activating receptors, inhibition signals, degranulation and cytotoxicity factors. In the present study, levels of cluster of differentiation (CD)3-CD56+ NK cells, CD16+-expressing NK cells and subset CD56dim NK cells were decreased in the peripheral blood of patients with MDS. Altered expression of NK protein 44, NK group 2 member D, killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL1 (KIR2DL1) and KIR2DL3 on NK cell effector signaling pathways may trigger tumor cell lysis in patients with MDS. The weak cellular adhesion and decreased cytotoxicity of NK cells may lead to ineffective antitumor activity in MDS. These observations suggested that NK cells may serve as immunological determinants in MDS and may permit the development of NK cell-based immunotherapy for the treatment of patients with MDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a coal-fired power plant with an integrated S-CO2 cycle is proposed to improve the system operational flexibility. To optimize the performance, a control strategy of variable load regulation is proposed. First, a dynamic mathematical model of the system is established based on the conservation of mass and energy principles, and then, dynamic verification of the model is carried out. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed system, an exergy analysis is performed on the S-CO2 cycle, indicating that the exergy loss rate of the heater in the cycle is the highest. Finally, the dynamic performance of the system is simulated, and the dynamic response of the power generation load is analyzed. In addition, the system is evaluated based on the performance indicator of the flexibility of the power generation. It was found that the proposed system in this paper has a large load ramp rate which can quickly follow the load response. Meanwhile, compared with load downregulation, the system has greater potential for load upregulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the efficient energy utilization in the thermodynamic system of a traditional 660 MW coal-fired power plant, was achieved by incorporating S–CO 2 Brayton cycle system. A thermodynamic mathematical model was established according to the basic laws of thermodynamics and was verified by using design conditions. Moreover, to minimize the irreversible losses, an additional S–CO 2 Brayton cycle system was proposed under the THA condition, which increased the power generation efficiency by 0.28%, and decreased the coal consumption by 1.79 g/kwh. With the increase of the S–CO 2 flow rate, a greater power generation efficiency was achieved. The outlet pressure of the S–CO 2 compressor did not affect the plant load but affected the distribution of the power generation load between the steam cycle and the S–CO 2 cycle. In addition, this study includes a technical-economic analysis of the proposed system. Overall, this study provides a complete picture of how to improve the efficiency of a thermal power plant. • An improved S–CO 2 coupled coal-fired power generation system was proposed. • A novel thermodynamic system model was established. • Plant generation load increment by S–CO 2 cycle was obtained. • Irreversible loss distribution of thermodynamic system was analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Primary students had good awareness, optimistic attitudes, and appropriate practices on COVID-19. • Mental health problems were associated with lower scores of knowledge, attitudes, and practices. • Some specific practices still needed to be enhanced. This study was aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among school-aged children in the Hubei province when children were being confined to their homes. The questionnaire included questions of KAP about COVID-19, depressive and anxiety symptoms scales. Multivariable generalized linear regressions models were applied to estimate the unstandardized regression coefficients (β) of KAP. The awareness rates about COVID-19 were 70.1%–99.5% for all 1650 valid questionnaires. 37.2% of the participants quite worried about being infected with COVID-19. Approximately 96% of them washed hands in certain situations, while 85.6% of them washed hands after coughing or sneezing. Compared to the students without depressive symptoms, those who had depressive symptoms scored lower of total KAP, knowledge, attitudes, and practice. The findings suggest that primary students had a relatively good awareness of COVID-19 during the epidemic, as well as optimistic attitudes and appropriate practices. However, some items of appropriate practices still needed to be enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to develop active packaging film by using chitosan/guar gum (CG) film matrix and walnut green husk extract (WE), for preservation of fresh-cut apple. WE was used as cross-linking agent to improve physicochemical properties, and as active substances to enhance antioxidant activity of CG films. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy results showed WE formed intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions with the film matrix, and microstructures of the film were more compact. With the increase of WE content (0–4 wt%), the mechanical properties of composite films were significantly enhanced, while permeability of water vapor and oxygen was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). When the amount of extract reached 4 wt%, the DPPH radical scavenging activity of composite film was significantly increased to 94.59%. CG-WE and CG films were used as active packaging materials to preserve fresh-cut apple. When stored at 4 °C for 10 days, CG-WE films showed better performance in reducing firmness, weight loss, total soluble solids and inhibiting browning and microbial growth of fresh-cut apples. Therefore, as a new type of active food packaging material, CG-WE films have good physical properties, and great potential in ensuring food quality and extending shelf life. [Display omitted] • Developed a novel active blend films based on CS, GG and WE. • WE can influence the property of CG-based film via intermolecular interactions. • WE addition enhanced the bioactivity of CG-WE films. • CG-WE packaging films could prolong the shelf life of fresh-cut apples. • CG-WE films can be a promising material for food packaging applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Leaf chlorophyll content plays an important role in indicating plant stresses and nutrient status. Traditional approaches for the quantification of chlorophyll content mainly include acetone ethanol extraction, spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. Such destructive methods based on laboratory procedures are time consuming, expensive, and not suitable for high-throughput analysis. High throughput imaging techniques are now widely used for non-destructive analysis of plant phenotypic traits. In this study three imaging modules (RGB, hyperspectral, and fluorescence imaging) were, separately and in combination, used to estimate chlorophyll content of sorghum plants in a greenhouse environment. Color features, spectral indices, and chlorophyll fluorescence intensity were extracted from these three types of images, and multiple linear regression models and PLSR (partial least squares regression) models were built to predict leaf chlorophyll content (measured by a handheld leaf chlorophyll meter) from the image features. Results: The models with a single color feature from RGB images predicted chlorophyll content with R2 ranging from 0.67 to 0.88. The models using the three spectral indices extracted from hyperspectral images (Ration Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, and Modified Chlorophyll Absorption Ratio Index) predicted chlorophyll content with R2 ranging from 0.77 to 0.78. The model using the fluorescence intensity extracted from fluorescence images predicted chlorophyll content with R2 of 0.79. The PLSR model that involved all the image features extracted from the three different imaging modules exhibited the best performance for predicting chlorophyll content, with R2 of 0.90. It was also found that inclusion of SLW (Specific Leaf Weight) into the image-based models further improved the chlorophyll prediction accuracy. Conclusion: All three imaging modules (RGB, hyperspectral, and fluorescence) tested in our study alone could estimate chlorophyll content of sorghum plants reasonably well. Fusing image features from different imaging modules with PLSR modeling significantly improved the predictive performance. Image-based phenotyping could provide a rapid and non-destructive approach for estimating chlorophyll content in sorghum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Developmental dyslexia, a complex neurodevelopmental disorder, not only affects children's academic performance but is also associated with increased healthcare costs, lower employment rates, and reduced productivity. The pathogenesis of dyslexia remains unclear and it is generally considered to be caused by the overlap of genetic and environmental factors. Systematically exploring the close relationship between exposure to environmental compounds and susceptibility genes in the development of dyslexia is currently lacking but high necessary. Methods: In this study, we systematically compiled 131 publicly reported susceptibility genes for dyslexia sourced from DisGeNET, OMIM, and GeneCards databases. Comparative Toxicogenomics Database database was used to explore the overlap between susceptibility genes and 95 environmental compounds, including metals, persistent organic pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and pesticides. Chemical bias towards the dyslexia risk genes was taken into account in the observation/expectation ratios > 1 and the corresponding P value obtained by hypergeometric probability test. Results: Our study found that the number of dyslexia risk genes targeted by each chemical varied from 1 to 109. A total of 35 chemicals were involved in chemical reactions with dyslexia-associated genes, with significant enrichment values (observed/expected dyslexia risk genes) ranging from 1.147 (Atrazine) to 66.901 (Dibenzo(a, h)pyrene). Conclusion: The results indicated that dyslexia-associated genes were implicated in certain chemical reactions. However, these findings are exploratory, and further research involving animal or cellular experiments is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To prevent spreading of the COVID-19 infection, many countries have implemented a nationwide school closure. We aimed to assess the prevalence of behavioral problems in school-aged children during home confinement.Methods: We conducted an internet-based survey involving 1264 children (grades 2-6) and their parents from two primary schools between February 25 and March 8, 2020, in Hubei province, China. Behavioral problems were evaluated using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).Results: The prevalence of prosocial behaviors among children was 10.3%, followed by total difficulty (8.2%), conduct problems (7.0%), peer problems (6.6%), hyperactivity-inattention (6.3%) and emotional problems (4.7%). Compared with children who did not exercise, children with psychical activity had a lower hyperactivity-inattention risk (Odds Ratio (OR): 0.44 for 1-2 days/week; OR: 0.56 for more than 2 days/week) and less prosocial behaviors problems (OR: 0.65 for 1-2 days/week; OR: 0.55 for more than 2 days/week). Children of parents with anxious symptoms were associated with increased risks of emotional symptoms and total difficulty (OR: 5.64 and 3.78, respectively).Limitations: We adopted self-report questionnaires and did not collect baseline information before COVID-19 outbreak. The potential self-selection bias inherent in the study should be noted.Conclusion: The prevalence of behavioral problems among school-aged children varied from 4.7% to 10.3% in home quarantine during the COVID-19 outbreak. Taking physical exercise may be an efficient measure to reduce behavioral problems for school-aged children in home confinement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vascular endothelial cells have recently been shown to be associated with osteogenic activity. However, the mechanism of vascular endothelial cells promoting osteogenesis is unclear. Here, we found that exosomes secreted from human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) promoted osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and inhibited adipogenic differentiation. Aged and ovariectomy mice treated with exosomes showed increased bone formation and decreased lipid accumulation in the bone marrow cavity. Additionally, we screened out novel exosomal miR-5p-72106_14 by miRNA-seq and confirmed that miR-5p-72106_14 promoted osteogenic differentiation and inhibited adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs by inhibiting STAT1. Our results suggest that vascular endothelial cell-derived exosomes are involved in BMSC differentiation and exosomal miR-5p-72106_14 is a major factor in regulating fate determination of BMSCs. • HMEC-Exos promoted osteoblast and suppressed adipocyte differentiation of BMSCs. • Exosomal-miR-5p-72106_14 was newly defined and has not been reported before. • Exosomal-miR-5p-72106_14 regulated differentiation of BMSCs. • HMEC-EXOs treatment plays an important role in balancing bone homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In recent years, the physical fitness situation of college students is worrying in China. Exercise motivation is of great importance for the physical activity and physical fitness. However, existing studies have paid limited attention to the specific effect between exercise motivation, physical activity and physical fitness, and even less to the different genders and exercise motivation dimensions. This study aimed to investigate the promoting effect of sport motivation on physical fitness with different gender and dimension in college students. Methods: Physical fitness levels of 2544 college students in Wuhan and Jingzhou city were measured. Exercise motivation and physical activity was assessed using the Chinese version of the motives for physical activities measure-revised scale and the physical activity survey scale, respectively. Correlation analysis and structural equation model were used to explore the relationship between exercise motivation, physical activity and physical fitness. Bootstrap method was used to test the mediating effect. Multilevel regression analysis was used to examine the effects of different dimensions of exercise motivation on PF. Results: The exercise motivation of college students was directly related to physical fitness (effect value: 0.307) or indirectly related through the mediating effect of physical activity (effect value: 0.092). The mediation effect percentage of physical activity on exercise motivation and physical fitness in male (51.20%) was greater than female (27.18%), and the standardized regression coefficient of the health dimension to PF was β = 0.151, P < 0.001, and the competence dimension to PF was β = 0.189, P < 0.001. Conclusions: The exercise motivation of college students can directly influence PF or indirectly influence PF through the mediating effect of PA. The promoting effect of exercise motivation and PA on PF in college students is related to gender and dimensions of exercise motivation. Therefore, we can improve physical fitness levels of college students by promoting their exercise motivation (especially for health motivation and competence motivation) and increasing their participation in physical activity. This study provides new strategies for improving physical fitness in college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

contraction twins that are commonly activated in α-titanium interact to each other and form three types of twin-twin junctions (, , TTJs) corresponding to the crystallography of six twin variants (i = 1,2, …, 6). We detected 243 TTJs in rolled pure α-titanium sheets. Electron backscatter diffraction analysis reveals that TTJs are profuse, 79.8% among three types while and TTJs take up 17.7 and 2.5%. Twin transmission does not occur. Consequently, boundaries associated with twin-twin interactions block twin propagation and influence twin growth. We explain structural features of TTJs according to the Schmid factor analysis and the reaction mechanism of twinning dislocations. The knowledge regarding TTJs provides insight for improving the predictive capability of meso/macro-scale crystal plasticity models for hexagonal metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The psychological situation of high school students during adolescence is not promising, and the most obvious manifestation is the lack of subjective well-being (SWB). This network analysis presents a model of the interaction and correlation between different items of SWB, identifying the most central items for high school students. Methods: Through offline and online surveys, 4,378 questionnaires were sent out and finally 4,282 Chinese high school students were available. The response rate was 97.807%. The study used the eLASSO method to estimate the network structure and centrality measures. This algorithm used the EBIC to select the best neighbor factor for each node. Results: The average age for high school students was 16.320 years old and the average SWB score was 76.680. The distribution of SWB between male and female students was significant different (P < 0.001). S8 (Have you been anxious, worried, or upset) was the node with the highest strength and expected influence. The network structure and centrality remained stable after discarding 75% of the sample at random. Except for S15 (How concerned or worried about your health have you been), all nodes were positively correlated with each other (P < 0.01). The network structure of SWB was similar for female and male students (network strength: 8.482 for male participants; 8.323 for female participants; P = 0.159), as well as for rural and urban students (network strength: 8.500 for rural students; 8.315 for urban students; P = 0.140). Conclusion: Targeting S8 (Have you been anxious, worried, or upset) as a potential intervention target may increase high school students' SWB effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The relationship between dyslexia and anxiety/depressive symptoms among children in China is unclear. Besides, the pathways to explain the risks are also undefined.Methods: 3993 primary school students from grade 2 to 6 were recruited in this study. The Dyslexia Checklist for Chinese Children and the Pupil Rating Scale-Revised Screening for Learning Disabilities were used to filter the dyslexic children. The Chinese perceived stress scale, the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, and the Children's Depression Inventory-Short Form were used separately to assess stress, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms of the children. Time spent on homework was obtained by asking their parents: "How long does it take the children to complete the homework every day?". The chain mediation models were examined using SPSS PROCESS macro 3.3 software.Results: Dyslexic children spend more time on homework (2.61±1.15), and have higher scores for depression (4.75±3.60) and stress (26.55±7.40) compared to normal children (1.87±0.77, 3.25±3.32, and 23.20±8.43, respectively). The differences are statistically significant (all P<0.01). There is no direct association between dyslexia and anxiety symptoms, while dyslexia has a direct link with depressive symptoms. Dyslexia could affect anxiety/depressive symptoms via the independent mediating effect of stress and the chain mediating effect of time spent on homework and stress. The total indirect effect is 0.21 and 0.25, respectively.Limitations: The data used in our study is self-reported and this is a cross-sectional study.Conclusions: Time spent on homework and stress could mediate the association between dyslexia and anxiety/depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Osteoporosis is a common complication of type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to provide a basis for the clinical prevention and treatment of osteoporosis as a complication of type 2 diabetes.We retrospectively analyzed patients hospitalized with type 2 diabetes with or without osteoporosis. Binary logistic regression was performed to assess the relationship between the assessed indexes and the risk of type 2 diabetes with osteoporosis. Receiver operating characteristic curves were created to evaluate the efficacy of these indexes in predicting osteoporosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.The cohort comprised 1,811 patients with type 2 diabetes and 1,758 with type 2 diabetes combined with osteoporosis. The basic indexes (height and weight) and glucose metabolism indexes (glycated hemoglobin A (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose/fasting blood glucose) were positively correlated with the bone metabolism indexes. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that HbA1c was an effective predictor of osteoporosis risk, with an area under the curve of 70.1%. When the HbA1c of patients with type 2 diabetes was between 6% and 6.45% or reached 6.45% at a long-term stable state, the risk of osteoporosis was increased. The risk of osteoporosis was also increased in patients with type 2 diabetes who were older than 59.5 years.HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose/fasting blood glucose were significantly correlated with bone metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without osteoporosis. Clinical monitoring of the HbA1c may be useful in preventing osteoporosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods: Osteoporosis is a common complication of type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to provide a basis for the clinical prevention and treatment of osteoporosis as a complication of type 2 diabetes.We retrospectively analyzed patients hospitalized with type 2 diabetes with or without osteoporosis. Binary logistic regression was performed to assess the relationship between the assessed indexes and the risk of type 2 diabetes with osteoporosis. Receiver operating characteristic curves were created to evaluate the efficacy of these indexes in predicting osteoporosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.The cohort comprised 1,811 patients with type 2 diabetes and 1,758 with type 2 diabetes combined with osteoporosis. The basic indexes (height and weight) and glucose metabolism indexes (glycated hemoglobin A (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose/fasting blood glucose) were positively correlated with the bone metabolism indexes. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that HbA1c was an effective predictor of osteoporosis risk, with an area under the curve of 70.1%. When the HbA1c of patients with type 2 diabetes was between 6% and 6.45% or reached 6.45% at a long-term stable state, the risk of osteoporosis was increased. The risk of osteoporosis was also increased in patients with type 2 diabetes who were older than 59.5 years.HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose/fasting blood glucose were significantly correlated with bone metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without osteoporosis. Clinical monitoring of the HbA1c may be useful in preventing osteoporosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.Results: Osteoporosis is a common complication of type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to provide a basis for the clinical prevention and treatment of osteoporosis as a complication of type 2 diabetes.We retrospectively analyzed patients hospitalized with type 2 diabetes with or without osteoporosis. Binary logistic regression was performed to assess the relationship between the assessed indexes and the risk of type 2 diabetes with osteoporosis. Receiver operating characteristic curves were created to evaluate the efficacy of these indexes in predicting osteoporosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.The cohort comprised 1,811 patients with type 2 diabetes and 1,758 with type 2 diabetes combined with osteoporosis. The basic indexes (height and weight) and glucose metabolism indexes (glycated hemoglobin A (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose/fasting blood glucose) were positively correlated with the bone metabolism indexes. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that HbA1c was an effective predictor of osteoporosis risk, with an area under the curve of 70.1%. When the HbA1c of patients with type 2 diabetes was between 6% and 6.45% or reached 6.45% at a long-term stable state, the risk of osteoporosis was increased. The risk of osteoporosis was also increased in patients with type 2 diabetes who were older than 59.5 years.HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose/fasting blood glucose were significantly correlated with bone metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without osteoporosis. Clinical monitoring of the HbA1c may be useful in preventing osteoporosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.Conclusion: Osteoporosis is a common complication of type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to provide a basis for the clinical prevention and treatment of osteoporosis as a complication of type 2 diabetes.We retrospectively analyzed patients hospitalized with type 2 diabetes with or without osteoporosis. Binary logistic regression was performed to assess the relationship between the assessed indexes and the risk of type 2 diabetes with osteoporosis. Receiver operating characteristic curves were created to evaluate the efficacy of these indexes in predicting osteoporosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.The cohort comprised 1,811 patients with type 2 diabetes and 1,758 with type 2 diabetes combined with osteoporosis. The basic indexes (height and weight) and glucose metabolism indexes (glycated hemoglobin A (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose/fasting blood glucose) were positively correlated with the bone metabolism indexes. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that HbA1c was an effective predictor of osteoporosis risk, with an area under the curve of 70.1%. When the HbA1c of patients with type 2 diabetes was between 6% and 6.45% or reached 6.45% at a long-term stable state, the risk of osteoporosis was increased. The risk of osteoporosis was also increased in patients with type 2 diabetes who were older than 59.5 years.HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose/fasting blood glucose were significantly correlated with bone metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without osteoporosis. Clinical monitoring of the HbA1c may be useful in preventing osteoporosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Both peer victimization and internet addiction are common public health problems for children and adolescents. Several studies found an association between peer victimization and internet addiction, but the mechanism underlying this association remained unclear. This study aimed to determine the mechanisms underlying this association.Methods: Data was extracted from an epidemiologic study involving middle and high school adolescents, in which 15,415 individuals (14.6 ± 1.7 years) were recruited. The moderated mediation models were examined using SPSS PROCESS macro 2.16 software, in which the mediation variables were depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms, and the moderation variable was school functioning.Results: The total indirect effect of verbal victimization on internet addiction through depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms was found to be 0.4531, which accounted for 63.7% of the total effect of verbal victimization on internet addiction. Depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms totally mediated the association between relational victimization and internet addiction and the association between the physical victimization and internet addiction. There were gender differences in the mediating effects of depressive and anxiety symptoms on the association between peer victimization and internet addiction. The indirect effect of the three different types of peer victimization (physical, verbal, relational) on internet addiction became stronger as school functioning increased.Limitations: We included two mediators in one model, and the data used in this study was self-reported and cross-sectional.Conclusions: Depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms mediate the association between peer victimization and internet addiction. Students who score higher in school functioning were more likely to develop internet addiction when they encounter peer victimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate are sodium iodide symporter (NIS) inhibitors that disturb iodide uptake into the thyroid and have been implicated in child development. However, no data are available on the association between exposure to/related with them and dyslexia. Here, we examined the association of exposure to/related with the three NIS inhibitors with the risk of dyslexia in a case-control study. The three chemicals were detected in urine samples of 355 children with dyslexia and 390 children without dyslexia from three cities in China. The adjusted odds ratios for dyslexia were examined using logistic regression models. The detection frequencies of all the targeted compounds were 100%. After adjusting for multiple covariates, urinary thiocyanate was significantly associated with the risk of dyslexia (P -trend = 0.02). Compared with the lowest quartile, children within the highest quartile had a 2.66-fold risk of dyslexia (95% confidence interval: 1.32, 5.36]. Stratified analyses showed that the association between urinary thiocyanate level and the risk of dyslexia was more pronounced among boys, children with fixed reading time, and those without maternal depression or anxiety during pregnancy. Urinary perchlorate and nitrate levels were not associated with the risk of dyslexia. This study suggests the possible neurotoxicity of thiocyanate or its parent compounds in dyslexia. Further investigation is warranted to confirm our findings and clarify the potential mechanisms. [Display omitted] • First data on the association of perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate with dyslexia in children. • Children were extensively exposed to the three chemicals in China. • Urinary concentrations of thiocyanate may be related to dyslexia among children in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We experimentally studied sequential { 10 1 ¯ 2 } twinning in rolled pure titanium at room temperature and identified a new sequential twinning mechanism, i.e., { 10 1 ¯ 2 } ( T i I ) extension twin stimulated by the twin-twin junction of two primary {11 2 ¯ 1 } extension twins T i − 1 II and T i II , which holds a certain relation T i − 1 II T i II → T i I . Schmid factor analysis, as the local stress is taken into account, is able to determine the position of sequential twin variant, but cannot determine the twin variant. Displacement gradient accommodation is used to determine the twin variant. The well-known secondary {10 1 ¯ 2} ( T j I ) extension twins in primary {11 2 ¯ 2} ( C i I ) contraction twins (referred to as C i I → T j I double twinning) are also analyzed according to a generalized Schmid factor analysis. Displacement gradient accommodation and twin nucleation based on dislocations dissociation only work well for the most active twin variants, but cannot address other phenomena associated with C i I → T j I double twinning. For rarely activated twin variants, displacement gradient accommodation was not satisfied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Novel nanoscale CD-MOFs carriers were developed for CA encapsulation. • Physicochemical properties of CD-MOFs and CA/CD-MOFs were characterized. • The storage stability of CA was improved after CD-MOFs encapsulation. • CD-MOFs nanocarriers have great application potential in future food industry. This study, nanoscale α-, β-, γ-cyclodextrin (CD)-metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) were successfully prepared using solvothermal assisted ultrasound method. CD-MOFs were used as nanocarriers to encapsulate catechin (CA), and their encapsulation capacities were evaluated. Encapsulation capacities of CD-MOFs to incorporate CA followed the order: β-CD-MOFs > γ-CD-MOFs > α-CD-MOFs. CA/CD-MOFs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). DSC and SEM results provided evidence for the formation of CA/CD-MOFs. XRD results indicated the new solid crystalline phases formed in CA/CD-MOFs complex. Results of FT-IR showed that CA was combined with CD-MOFs through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. Current research demonstrated that encapsulation of CA within CD-MOFs provided it against light, oxygen and temperature. Moreover, encapsulation by CD-MOFs improved storage stability and bioavailability of CA. Thus, these CA/CD-MOFs have potential to be used as nutritional supplements and functional foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is profoundly affecting lives around the globe. Previous studies on COVID-19 mainly focused on epidemiological, clinical, and radiological features of patients with confirmed infection. Little attention has been paid to the follow-up of recovered patients. As a vulnerable population to adverse events, the health status of the COVID-19 recovered pediatric patients is of great concern. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of behavioral problems among pediatric patients recovered from the COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. A total of 122 children who were suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases and hospitalized for treatment were enrolled in the study between April 2020 and May 2020 in Wuhan, China. We collected related information about hospitalization and discharge of the children and emotional symptoms of their parents through electronic medical records and questionnaire. The behavioral problems of children were examined by applying the parent-reported the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The participant children were discharged from hospital after about two months. Among them, 76 (62%) were boys, and the mean age was 6.71 years old. The highest prevalence of behavioral problems among pediatric children with COVID-19 was for prosocial behavior (15%), followed by total difficulties (13%), emotional symptoms (11%), hyperactivity (10%), conduct problems (9%), and peer problems (1%). With regarding to their parents, 26% reported having symptoms of anxiety and 23% as having symptoms of depression. The scores of SDQ were higher in those children whose parents have emotional problems compared to parents without. Long-term follow up studies on the psychological and behavioral problems of COVID-19 recovered children and their parents are warranted. • About 15% recovered children infected with COVID-19 have prosocial behavior problems. • For parents of children infected with COVID-19, 26% had depression symptoms. • For parents of children infected with COVID-19, 23% had anxiety symptoms. • Children whose parents had emotional problems scored higher on behavioral problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carp edema virus disease (CEVD) has resulted in great economic losses in koi (Cyprinus carpio koi) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) populations in the world. In this study, the diseased koi were diagnosed as CEV infection based on 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) and 4a protein genes by the conventional PCR, nested PCR and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the TJ201708 strain was classified into the genogroup IIa. Furthermore, qPCR of 5′UTR gene revealed that the lowest detection limit was 4.0 fg/μL. The pathogenicity of CEV for koi was demonstrated in the infection experiments. Histopathological examination revealed the petechial hemorrhages of liver and spleen, vacuolization of lamina propria of intestine and swelling and necrosis of respiratory epithelial cells of gills. To our knowledge, this is the first report the qPCR of 5′UTR gene in the detection of carp edema virus. • This is first report on the detection of 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) of CEV by qPCR assay. • Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the CEV TJ201708 isolate was classified into genogroup IIa. • Pathogenicity of CEV for koi carp was confirmed by the infection experiments. • Significantly histopathological changes were observed in liver, spleen, intestine and gills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc is an essential trace element and a number of studies have identified the importance of zinc in neurodevelopment in children. However, epidemiologic data on the associations of zinc and genetic susceptibility with the risk of dyslexia are limited. We aimed to investigate whether genetic polymorphisms in GRIN2B genes modify the association between zinc levels and dyslexia risk. A case-control study of 240 dyslexic children and 230 healthy controls was conducted in Wuhan, Hangzhou and Jining city in China from April 2017 to April 2018. Zinc concentrations in urine samples were measured with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICPMS). Multiple imputation was used to impute missing values of covariates. We applied multivariable logistic regression models to evaluate the effect in the study. After adjustment for potential confounders, we observed the associations of urinary zinc with dyslexia risk were modified by rs1805502 (P interaction = 0.048) in gene GRIN2B. About 2-fold increase in creatinine-corrected zinc levels was significantly related to a reduced risk of dyslexia [odds ratio (OR) = 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.29, 0.95 in rs1805502 mutation carriers]. The associations between zinc levels and dyslexia risk were modified by polymorphism of rs1805502 in gene GRIN2B. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The prevalence of health risk behaviors and suicide attempt are high in adolescents. • Adolescents in China and Tanzania suffer from health risk behaviors. • The adolescent health interventions should emphasis different focal points. Health risk behaviors among adolescents could have negative health effect and impose huge economic and social burdens on society. Among the various health risk behaviors that could be intervened, the consequences of attempted suicide were extremely serious and deserved special attention. The prevalence of health risk behaviors during adolescence varied by country. This study aimed to evaluate the health risk behaviors among adolescents in China and Tanzania, which would promote the cooperation between the two countries in the field of health. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Tanzania (Arusha) and China (Wuhan). Participants were recruited from the junior and senior high schools (China, n = 811; Tanzania, n = 621). Those students were about 12–18 years old in China, and about 15–20 years old in Tanzania. The data collection was anonymous. The physical fighting and dissatisfaction with their shape among high school students in China were more prevalent than those in Tanzania. In contrast, the prevalence of ever smoking, drinking, having sexual behavior and suicide attempts was higher among high school students in Tanzania. The prevalence of suicide attempts in the past 12-month were 9.7% (China) and 24.8% (Tanzania). The prevalence of health risk behaviors and suicide attempt were high and varied widely among adolescents in China and Tanzania. This study is meaningful for providing necessary information to formulate interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We investigated the association between the concentrations of urine metals and dyslexia among children in China. • Urine selenium was negatively associated with the risk of dyslexia. • Co-exposure to argentum and selenium was associated to the risk of dyslexia among children in China. Exposures to heavy metals has been linked to many developmental disorders. However, few studies have investigated the effects of exposure and co-exposure to metals on dyslexia, especially with regard to dyslexics in China. To investigate the association between urine metal concentrations and dyslexia in a case-control study among children in China. A case-control study was conducted in the Tongji Reading Environment and Dyslexia (READ) research program. A total of 228 dyslexics and 228 controls were matched on gender, age (within one year), and grade. The concentrations of 21 urine metals were measured by an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were applied to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of Chinese dyslexia. After adjusting for potential confounders, two metals (selenium and argentum) were significantly associated with dyslexia in single-metal multivariable models. Argentum was positively associated with the risk of dyslexia, while selenium was negatively associated. In the multiple-metal model, compared with extreme quartiles, the ORs (95% CIs) for selenium was 0.36 (95% CI: 0.14–0.93; P trend = 0.029). In the joint association analysis, children with higher levels of urine argentum and lower level of urine selenium had a significantly higher risk of dyslexia than those with low levels of argentum and selenium (OR = 5.06, 95% CI: 1.67–18.84). The findings suggest that exposure to selenium and argentum may relate to dyslexia in China. Longitudinal studies are needed to further evaluate these relationships and investigate potential mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]