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The title compound, C18H16N2OS, crystallizes in a triclinic unit cell with two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. Intermolecular N—H⋯S, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯S hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into ribbons, which form stacks with short intra- and intermolecular S⋯C [3.385 (5) Å] and C⋯O′ [3.162 (5) Å] contacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C30H28NO2P, exists in the Z form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the title compound, C17H14N4OS, the central heterocyclic system formed by the five-membered triazole and thia­diazole rings is planar. The bond lengths within the system indicate some degree of delocalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C29H25ClNO2P, exists in the Z form. The short C⋯O [2.700 (4) Å] and C⋯N [2.963 (4) Å and 2.988 (5) Å] intra­molecular contacts may indicate the presence of weak intra­molecular hydrogen bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C30H28NO3P, containing four planar ring systems, exists in the Z form. Short intra­molecular C⋯O [2.697 (3) Å] and C⋯N [3.049 (4) Å] contacts may indicate the presence of weak intra­molecular hydrogen bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C29H26N2OP, containing four planar ring systems, exists in the Z form. The short C⋯O [2.711 (3) Å] and C⋯N [2.961 (3) and 2.997 (3) Å] intramolecular contacts may indicate the presence of weak intramolecular hydrogen bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purposes: To compare the dosimetry for the left-sided breast cancer treatment using five different radiotherapy techniques. Materials and methods: Twenty patients with left sided breast cancer were treated with conservative surgery followed by radiotherapy. They were planned using five different radiotherapy techniques, including: 1) conventional tangential wedge-based fields (TW); 2) field-in-field (FIF) technique; 3) tangential inverse planning intensity-modulated radiation therapy (T-IMRT); 4) multi-field IMRT (M-IMRT); and 5) volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). The CTV, PTV and OARs including the heart, the regions of coronary artery (CA), the contralateral breast, the left and right lung were delineated. The PTV dose was prescribed 50Gy and V47.5≥95%. Same dose constraint was used for all five plans. The planned volumetric dose of PTV and PRV-OARs were compared and analyzed. Results: Except VMAT (Average V47.5 was 94.72%±1.2%), all the other four plans were able to meet the V95% (V47.5) requirement. T-IMRT plan improved the PTV dose homogeneity index (HI) by 0.02 and 0.03 when compared to TW plan and VMAT plan, and decreased the V5, V10 and V20 of all PRV-OARs. However, the high dose volume (≥ 30Gy) of the PRV-OARs in T-IMRT plan had no statistically significant difference compared with the other two inverse plans. In all five plans, the dose volume of coronary artery area showed a strong correlation to the dose volume of the heart (the correlation coefficients were 0.993, 0.996, 1.000, 0.995 and 0.986 respectively). Conclusion: Compared to other techniques, the T-IMRT technology reduced radiation dose exposure to normal tissues and maintained reasonable target homogeneity, VMAT is not recommended for left-sided breast cancer treatment. In five techniques, the dose-volume histogram (DVH) of the heart can be used to predict the dose-volume histogram (DVH) of the coronary artery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To analyze the risk factors for systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and to quantitatively predict the probability of SIRS after PCNL. Methods: Medical records on 209 patients who underwent PCNL were retrospectively analyzed. The χ2 test, the t-test and a logistic regression model were used to identify key risk factors of SIRS after PCNL. A predictive equation was then formulated to assess the risk of SIRS according to the results from the logistic model. Subsequently, the accuracy of the equation by calculating sensitivity, specificity, overall correct percentage, and positive and negative predictive values was tested. Results: The incidence of SIRS after PCNL was 23.4%. The key risk factors for SIRS following PCNL were: the number of tracts, receipt of a blood transfusion, stone size, and presence of pyelocaliectasis. Other factors added no independent risk to the development of SIRS. The calculated values for sensitivity, specificity, overall percentage correct, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 44.9%, 95.0%, 83.3%, 73.3%, and 84.9%, respectively. Conclusions: Number of tracts, receipt of a blood transfusion, stone size and presence of pyelocaliectasis are identified as the key risk factors for SIRS after PCNL. The predictive equation allows for an individualized and quantitative assessment of the probability of SIRS after PCNL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to verify the accuracy of using myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE), to quantify regional myocardial blood flow (MBF), and to evaluate myocardial viability in comparison to that measured by radiolabeled microsphere and pathologic examination. Methods: Epicardial MCE was obtained in five myocardial ischemic dogs with constant microbubble intravenous infusion. After the video intensity (VI, y) versus pulsing interval plots derived from each myocardial pixel were fitted to an exponential function: y = A(1 − e−βt), the MBF was calculated as the product of A (microvascular cross-sectional area or myocardial blood volume) and β (mean myocardial microbubble velocity). The MBF was also obtained by radiolabeled microsphere method. Results: The MBF derived by radiolabeled microsphere method in the normal, ischemic, and infarcted region was 1.5 ± 0.3, 0.7 ± 0.3, and 0.3 ± 0.2 ml/min per gram, respectively; P < 0.01. The product of A and β in those regions was 52.5 ± 15.1, 24.4 ± 3.9, and 3.7 ± 3.8, respectively; P < 0.01. The normalized product of A and β correlated well with normalized MBF (r = 0.81, P = 0.001). Conclusion: Our initial study demonstrated that MCE has an ability to assess MBF in ischemic myocardium in the experimental model. It may provide a potential capability to detect viable myocardium noninvasively after total persistent coronary occlusion in the clinical setting. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Volume 21, July 2004) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the title compound, C11H14N4OS·H2O, the dihedral angle between the ethoxy­benzene group and the triazole ring is 48.20 (8)°. Inter­molecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds involving the water mol­ecules form a chain along the a axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]