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A pressure cell was configured to allow the dynamic tuning of the transmission characteristics of a mechanochromic colloidally based photonic crystal. The rejection wavelength exhibited a 212 nm shift from 645 to 433 nm with an applied pressure of 20 kPa. At pressures greater than 5 kPa, the rejection wavelength shifted ∼-8 nm for every incremental 1 kPa rise in pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a data-driven differential dynamic programming (DDP) algorithm is presented for the optimal tracking problems of nonlinear affine systems with unknown drift dynamics. Optimal tracking dynamics are established between the system states and expected trajectory. By using the DDP method and test data, a second-order data-driven framework of the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation is constructed, in which system approximation and value function approximation are used. By using this framework, a data-driven iteration algorithm is proposed to achieve the optimal tracking controller. A simulation example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]