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Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a central and acute demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with unusual clinical course. The development of novel biomarkers for NMOSD is critical for implementing effective clinical treatment. CD226 is known to be expressed on many types of peripheral lymphoid cells. However, the expression level and function of CD226 on type 1 T regulatory (Tr1) cells during NMOSD is unknown. Methods: Eighteen patients with NMOSD and 10 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the test group to probe the difference of CD226 expression on Tr1 cells using flow cytometric analysis. Results: The expression of CD226 on Tr1 cells exhibited significantly increased tendency in NMOSD patients. Additionally, methylprednisolone and rituximab treatment decreased the expression of CD226 on Tr1 cells. Furthermore, the expression of CD226 on Tr1 cells was correlated with disease severity. Conclusion: This study provides a new basic insight into CD226 expression pattern on Tr1 cells, which have great potential to be biomarkers for monitoring the development and treatment of NMOSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rational design of electrode structure with catalysts adequately utilized is of vital importance for future fuel cells. Herein, a novel 3D oriented wholly integrated electrode comprising core–shell Fe3O4@N‐doped‐C (Fe3O4@NC) nanoparticles embedded into N‐doped ordered interconnected hierarchical porous carbon (denoted as Fe3O4@NC/NHPC) is developed for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The as‐prepared catalyst possesses novel structure and efficient active sites. In rotating disk electrode measurements, the Fe3O4@NC/NHPC exhibits almost identical ORR electrocatalytic activity, superior durability, and much better methanol tolerance compared with the commercial Pt/C in acidic media. To the authors' knowledge, this is among the best non‐precious‐metal ORR catalysts reported so far. Importantly, the Fe3O4@NC/NHPC is successfully in situ assembled onto carbon paper by the electrophoresis method to obtain a well‐designed 3D‐ordered electrode. With improved mass transfer and maximized active sites for ORR, the 3D‐oriented wholly integrated electrode shows superior performance to the one fabricated by the traditional method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid evolution of pest resistance threatens the sustainable utilization of bioinsecticides such as abamectin, and so deciphering the molecular mechanisms affecting toxicity and resistance is essential for their long-term application. Historical studies of abamectin resistance in arthropods have mainly focused on mechanisms involving the glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) targets, with the role of metabolic processes less clear. The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae , is a generalist herbivore notorious for rapidly developing resistance to pesticides worldwide, and abamectin has been widely used for its control in the field. After reanalyzing previous transcriptome and RNA-seq data, we here identified an ABC transporter subfamily C gene in T. urticae named multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (TuMRP1), whose expression differed between susceptible and resistant populations. Synergism bioassays with the inhibitor MK-571, the existence of a genetic association between TuMRP1 expression and susceptibility to abamectin, and the effect of RNA interference mediated silencing of TuMRP1 were all consistent with a direct role of this transporter protein in the toxicity of abamectin. Although ABC transporters are often involved in removing insecticidal compounds from cells, our data suggest either an alternative role for these proteins in the mechanism of action of abamectin or highlight an indirect association between their expression and abamectin toxicity. [Display omitted] • A novel ABCC transporter gene (TuMRP1) was cloned in Tetranychus urticae. • The spatial-temporal expression pattern of TuMRP1 was analyzed. • TuMRP1 expression levels were significantly decreased in resistant strains. • TuMRP1 silencing significantly reduced susceptibility to abamectin in T. urticae. • TuMRP1 reduction is indirectly associated with abamectin toxicity in T. urticae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon-coated nickel foam (C@NF) electrodes are prepared via a simple and effective method, hydrothermal-carbonization cycle coating process, characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and employed as the electro-Fenton (E-Fenton) cathode for degrading dimethyl phthalate (DMP) in aqueous solution. For the sake of comparison, nickel foam (NF) electrode and the conventional E-Fenton cathode (graphite gas diffusion electrode (GDE)) are also tested and compared. Experimental results indicate that nickel leaching can be effectively controlled at C@NF4 cathode (4 times cycle coating process), having great significance for promoting the application of NF in E-Fenton system. Moreover, C@NF4 cathode still presents excellent and effective performance on DMP degradation. DMP can be completely degraded within 2 h at −0.5 V and the total organic carbon (TOC) removal reaches as high as 82.1 %, which is almost 3 times as high as that at graphite GDE. Futhermore, the current efficiency for H 2 O 2 generation at C@NF4 is enhanced by 12 times compared to that at NF, and consequently the energy consumption during DMP degradation at C@NF4 is obvious lower than that at both NF cathode and graphite GDE. From the obtained results it can be deduced that C@NF4 is promising to be an attractive alternative E-Fenton cathode for removing organic pollutants in wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Well-crystallized dendritic frameworks consisting of 2D CaTiO3 nanoslices have been fabricated from calcium acetate and titanium butoxide via a single-step thermodynamically equilibratory sol-hydrothermal synthesis under mild condition. This wet-chemical processing free of any organic template has resulted in a facile route to the red phosphor with novel dendritic morphology, whose red photoluminescence can be matchable to that of high temperature derived product, probably due to its highly crystalline characteristic. The red phosphorescent dendrites based on CaTiO3:Pr3+ will find wide potential applications in red nanolasers and FED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficiency of upconversion fluorescence for Er3+ and Yb3+ codoped into NaYF4 powder crystals is investigated. The dependence of Er3+ green (540 nm) and red (660 nm) upconversion fluorescence intensities on laser excitation intensity and the ratio of the green and red fluorescence intensities respectively under 355-nm and 936-nm excitations have been measured and analyzed in terms of radiative and nonradiative relaxation mechanisms. It is shown that the intensity of both the green and red upconversion fluorescence bands is affected at high pumping intensities by a low-lying state acting as a bottleneck, with the red fluorescence less affected than the green. In addition to two-photon, two-step excitation and energy transfer processes, nonlinear optical coupling mechanisms of avalanche processes appear responsible for reducing the bottleneck saturation of the red upconversion fluorescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trivalent cerium Ce3+ (Ce) activated yttrium aluminum garnet Y3Al5O12 (YAG) phosphor was synthesized by two methods: solid state reaction (SS), and combustion (CB) with urea, respectively. The crystallization and luminescent properties of the phosphors were studied. Factors influencing on the intensity of luminescence and the location of emission band of YAG:Ce, such as the type of flux used in SS, the reaction atmosphere, the concentration of activator, were investigated in detail. We accomplished red or blue shift of Ce emission band by a number of techniques in order to match with the variable emission wavelength of blue light emitting diodes. The change of emission in color coordinates was illustrated by chromaticity. Co-doping other rare earth ions with Ce3+ ions into YAG was attempted to increase the color rendering index. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Phosphor yttrium aluminum garnet Y3Al5O12 (YAG), activated with trivalent cerium (Ce3+) was synthesized by different methods: solid-state reaction (SS), co-precipitation (CP) with ammonium bicarbonate, sol–gel (SG) with citric acid and combustion (CB) with urea. The crystallization, morphologies, particle size and luminescent character of the phosphors obtained under different experimental conditions were studied. The influences of various factors on the luminescence intensity of the phosphor were investigated, such as sintering time, repeated calcinations, reaction temperature, and quantities of urea used in CB. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Red phosphors CaCO3:Eu3+ and SrCO3:Eu3+ have been prepared by co-precipitation with ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) at room temperature. Pure calcite CaCO3 can be obtained by prolonging the reaction time at 220 °C and it decomposes to cubic CaO at 1000 °C. Trivalent Eu3+ acts as a luminescent probe to determine both the calcite and the mixed phase of calcite and vaterite phase of CaCO3 host and to analyze its decomposition process. High temperature sintering improved both the crystallization and luminescence of SrCO3:Eu3+ in aragonite phase. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Sluggish kinetics of photoexcited charge carriers in photocatalysts, slow hole transfer in oxidation half‐reaction, and consequent fast charge recombination on photocatalyst surface are the Achilles' heel limiting the efficiency of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE). Herein, the effectiveness of covalent binding alternating D‐A‐D organic small molecules (triphenylamine as the donor unit and benzothiadiazole as the acceptor unit) to Znln2S4 (ZIS) nanosheets in the design and development of highly efficient PHE photocatalysts is demonstrated. The covalent grafting of D‐A‐D molecules broadens the photo‐responsive range of ZIS nanosheets, significantly increasing the density of photogenerated charge carriers. More importantly, D‐A‐D organic small molecules can efficiently extract surface photogenerated holes and suppress the recombination of surface photogenerated electron‐hole pairs, thus facilitating the rapid consumption of retained photogenerated electrons for proton reduction to generate H2 with fast kinetics. Consequently, the optimized PHE rate of the ZIS@DAD hybrid catalyst reaches 28.25 mmol g−1 h−1, a 4.2‐fold improvement over that of ZnIn2S4 nanosheets. The covalent integration of D‐A‐D molecules onto inorganic semiconductor photocatalysts represents a novel and highly efficient strategy for optimizing the overall PHE process. This approach provides a fertile new ground for creating efficient solar‐to‐hydrogen systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new chalcone glycoside, 2′,4,4′,6′-tetrahydroxydihydrochalcone 2′-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-Dglucopyranoside ( 1), was isolated from Combretum griffithii Huerck et M.-A. along with the known compounds (-)-epigallocatechin ( 2), 3′-O-methyl-(-)-epicatechin ( 3), (-)-4′-O-methyl epigallocatechin ( 4), (-)-epicatechin ( 5), (+)-catechin ( 6), betulin ( 7), maslinic acid ( 8), oleanolic acid ( 9), arjunolic acid ( 10), sitoindoside I ( 11), glycerol 1-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoate) ( 12), β-sitosterol ( 13), and daucosterol ( 14). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic means and comparison with published data. All the compounds were isolated from Combretum griffithii for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The present paper reports the isolation of five bibenzyls(1–5), one bibenzyl(1) with phenyl chromanol, one stilbene (6), two 9,10-dihydrophenanthrenes (7–8), two 9,10-dihydrophenanthropyrans (9–10), two lignans (11–12), one flavone(13), and one steroidal ketones (14) from Otochilus fuscus. Except for compound 14, the other isolated constituents are firstly reported from O. fuscus. This finding may support the opinion that phenanthrenes and bibenzyls could be considered as a chemotaxonomic marker for the genus Otochilus. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and their functions in the uteruses of primary dysmenorrhea (PD) rats using label-free quantitative proteomics analysis. Methods: The PD rat model was induced by injecting both estradiol benzoate and oxytocin. Twenty rats were equally divided into two groups: a control group (normal rats), a PD model group (PD rats). Writhing scores and serum levels of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) were used to evaluate the success of the rat PD model. The DEPs were identified and analyzed by label-free quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics analyses. Results: A total of 276 DEPs were identified, including 119 up-regulated DEPs and 157 down-regulated DEPs. Bioinformatics revealed that the DEPs were mainly associated with 'protein binding', 'metabolism', 'signal conduction' and 'focal adhesion'. The proteomic findings were verified by western blot analysis, which confirmed that myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK), heat shock protein 90 AB1 (HSP90AB1), apolipoprotein A1 (Apoa1), p38 MAP kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) were significantly differentially expressed in the control and PD samples. Conclusions: These results provide a deeper understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of PD. The DEPs found in the present study may provide new ideas for further study of the mechanism of PD and aid the search for biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Doped CaZnOS materials show great potential for mechanoluminescence (ML) applications spanning the ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-vis-NIR) range. However, conflicting reports regarding the generation and reproducibility of ML hinder the understanding and practical utilization of these materials. To address this issue, a comprehensive characterization strategy combining NIR laser-assisted de-trapping, UV irradiation-induced trap-filling, in situ mechanical stimulation, and continuous ML recording is proposed. Herein, the ML behaviors of four representative doped CaZnOS materials (Mn2+, Bi3+, Er3+, and Ce3+) are investigated using this approach. The results reveal that de-trapped materials exhibit non-trap-controlled ML, wherein ML intensity gradually weakens under successive mechanical stimuli without self-recovery. In contrast, trap-filled materials demonstrate both trap-controlled ML and non-trap-controlled ML, with the former predominantly contributing to the overall ML intensity. Notably, trap-controlled ML shows only partial recovery after trap filling. The non-trap-controlled ML is attributed to plastic ML and destructive ML phenomena, while explaining trap-controlled ML through the carrier de-trapping model. These results not only clarify conflicting reports but also provide clear insights into the ML properties and mechanisms of CaZnOS-based materials, facilitating advancements in practical applications. Furthermore, the developed characterization strategy is expected to serve as a valuable reference for establishing standardized protocols to evaluate ML performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A red phosphor with a broad excitation band in blue region and sharp emission peaks in red region is needed for compensating the red components of white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) by converting blue light with a yellow phosphor Y 3 Al 5 O 12 :Ce3+ (YAG:Ce). The red phosphor LiSrAlF 6 :Mn4+ (LSAF:Mn) with morphology of flaky particles about 50 μm in diameter has been synthesized by an ion-exchange reaction route at room-temperature in air. The as-synthesized phosphors were characterized by x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The excitation spectrum of LSAF:Mn shows a broad-band excitation from 400 to 500 nm that is due to the spin-allowed transition of 4A 2g → 4T 2g of Mn4+, indicating a potential application for solid state lighting. The optimal PL intensity of the phosphor LSAF:Mn has been obtained by optimizing the synthetic parameters. Highlights • Synthesis of LiSrAlF 6 :Mn4+ at room temperature and its reaction mechanism. • The phosphor shows good thermal stability and optical properties. • The influence of synthesis conditions on luminescence is studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the chemical components of Eria spicata, an orchid plant collected from Lianghe in Yunnan Province, China. It presents the plant's isolation processes and the structures of the compounds that was identified from Eria spicata after a chemical research was performed by professor Hong Yu of Yunnan University. Moreover, it mentions the eight natural compounds that was identified from the plant including the nigtrogen-oxide hordenine, nudol, and erianol.

Orange Eu2+‐doped phosphors are essential for light‐emitting diodes for cornering lights to prevent fatal road accidents at night, but such phosphors require features of high thermal, chemical stability and facile synthesis. This study reports a series of yellow‐orange‐red emitting SrAl2Si3ON6:Eu2+ oxynitride phosphors, derived from the SrAlSi4N7 nitride iso‐structure by replacing Si4+−N3− with Al3+−O2−. The introduction of a certain amount of oxygen enabled the facile synthesis under atmospheric pressure using the air‐stable raw materials SrCO3, Eu2O3, AlN and Si3N4. SrAl2Si3ON6 has a smaller band gap and lower structure rigidity than SrAlSi4N7 (5.19 eV vs 5.50 eV, Debye temperature 719 K vs 760 K), but exhibits higher thermal stability with 100 % of room temperature intensity remaining at 150 °C compared to 85 % for SrAlSi4N7. Electron paramagnetic resonance, thermoluminescence and density functional theory revealed that the oxygen vacancy electron traps compensated the thermal loss. Additionally, no decrease in emission intensity was found after either being heated at 500 °C for 2 hours or being immersed in water for 20 days, implying both of the thermal and chemical stability of SrAl2Si3ON6:Eu2+ phosphors. The strategy of oxynitride‐introduction from nitride promotes the development of low‐cost thermally and chemically stable luminescent materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orange Eu2+‐doped phosphors are essential for light‐emitting diodes for cornering lights to prevent fatal road accidents at night, but such phosphors require features of high thermal, chemical stability and facile synthesis. This study reports a series of yellow‐orange‐red emitting SrAl2Si3ON6:Eu2+ oxynitride phosphors, derived from the SrAlSi4N7 nitride iso‐structure by replacing Si4+−N3− with Al3+−O2−. The introduction of a certain amount of oxygen enabled the facile synthesis under atmospheric pressure using the air‐stable raw materials SrCO3, Eu2O3, AlN and Si3N4. SrAl2Si3ON6 has a smaller band gap and lower structure rigidity than SrAlSi4N7 (5.19 eV vs 5.50 eV, Debye temperature 719 K vs 760 K), but exhibits higher thermal stability with 100 % of room temperature intensity remaining at 150 °C compared to 85 % for SrAlSi4N7. Electron paramagnetic resonance, thermoluminescence and density functional theory revealed that the oxygen vacancy electron traps compensated the thermal loss. Additionally, no decrease in emission intensity was found after either being heated at 500 °C for 2 hours or being immersed in water for 20 days, implying both of the thermal and chemical stability of SrAl2Si3ON6:Eu2+ phosphors. The strategy of oxynitride‐introduction from nitride promotes the development of low‐cost thermally and chemically stable luminescent materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red phosphors composed of Mn4+-activated complex fluorides have attracted considerable attention for applications in warm white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). In the present study, we report a facile strategy to synthesize a novel red phosphor LiSrGaF6:Mn4+ (LSGF:Mn) at room temperature, and we also discuss its formation mechanism. Mn4+ ions occupy Ga3+ sites located at the centers of distorted [GaF6]3− octahedrons and emit intense red luminescence when excited by UV or blue light. The effects of synthesis conditions such as the type of strontium salts, the concentrations of K2MnF6 and NH3·H2O, and the reaction temperature have been investigated. The luminescence intensity of the phosphor LSGF:Mn has been improved by optimizing the synthetic parameters. The as-prepared phosphor LSGF:Mn exhibits broad and intense absorption in the blue region and bright luminescence in the red region, which indicate that it is promising for applications in warm WLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop novel luminescent materials for optical temperature measurement, a series of Yb3+- and Er3+-doped Ca3Sc2Si3O12 (CSS) upconversion (UC) phosphors were synthesized by the sol–gel combustion method. The crystal structure, phase purity, and element distribution of the samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The detailed study of the photoluminescence emission spectra of the samples shows that the addition of Yb3+ can greatly enhance the emission of Er3+ by effective energy transfer. The prepared Yb3+ and Er3+ co-doped CSS phosphors exhibit green emission bands near 522 and 555 nm and red emission bands near 658 nm, which correspond to the 2H11/2→4I15/2, 4S3/2→4I15/2, and 4F9/2→4I15/2 transitions of Er3+, respectively. The temperature-dependent behavior of the CSS:0.2Yb3+,0.02Er3+ sample was carefully studied by the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) technique. The results indicate the excellent sensitivity of the sample, with a maximum absolute sensitivity of 0.67% K−1 at 500 K and a relative sensitivity of 1.34% K−1 at 300 K. We demonstrate here that the temperature measurement performance of FIR technology using the CSS:Yb3+,Er3+ phosphor is not inferior to that of infrared thermal imaging thermometers. Therefore, CSS:Yb3+,Er3+ phosphors have great potential applications in the field of optical thermometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial light fishing technology has been used in marine fisheries for thousands of years. The light source with multi‐color adjustable output is expected to become a new generation of fish‐attracting lamps. Herein, a new method of crystal‐site engineering through reducing atmospheres is proposed for the development of Eu2+ doped single‐phase phosphor with multi‐excitation and multi‐emission properties. Following this approach, the distribution ratio of Eu2+ at Ca2+ and Sr2+ sites in CaSrSiO4 (CSO) can be modulated. Importantly, Eu2+ at both lattice sites exhibit non‐interfering optical properties, CSO:Eu2+ phosphor realizes multi‐color output from green to yellow and then to red when Eu2+ occupies the Sr2+ and Ca2+ sites in a relatively balanced ratio. Benefitting from the tunable color range covering the spectral sensitivity regions of most marine fishes, this phosphor may eventually be applied in futuristic innovative fish‐attracting lamps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Sm3+-doped YGa1.5Al1.5(BO3)4 (abbreviated as YGAB) phosphor was synthesized via a solid-state reaction with mechanical activation assistance in a high-energy density stirred bead mill. The samples were characterized by laser particle size analysis, specific surface area analysis, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and fluorescence spectroscopy. In addition, the photoluminescence characteristics, luminescence decay, thermal stability, and LED application of the phosphors were also investigated. The results show that the mechanical activation of mixed raw materials before calcination can reduce the particle size and the activation energy of crystallization, resulting in the formation of the YGAB crystal phase at a lower calcination temperature. The mechanical activation in grinding can accelerate the subsequent solid-phase reaction, make Sm3+ ions more easily diffuse into the YGAB lattice, and improve the crystal structure of the synthesized phosphor, thus enhancing the optical properties of the phosphor. According to the photoluminescence emission (PL) and excitation (PLE) spectra, Sm3+ doped in the YGAB lattice can provide an efficient emission under 405 nm excitation. The optimum doping concentration of Sm3+ ions is 0.03 mol%. The optimum photoluminescence intensity, quantum yield, and fluorescence lifetime of the phosphor synthesized from mixed raw materials ground for 45 min can be obtained. The temperature-dependent PL spectra show that the emission intensity of the YGAB:0.03Sm3+ phosphor at 425 K is 84.7% of its initial intensity at room temperature. It is indicated that the YGAB:0.03Sm3+ phosphor synthesized could be used as one of the promising LED lighting materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing two dimensional (2D) graphene-based nanomaterials with surface-to-surface architectures has been an important strategy for achieving high-performance lithium ion electrodes. However, almost all of them involve multistep procedures and expensive precursors. This paper reports a novel 2D nanocomposites composed of ultrafine SnO 2 nanoparticles anchored on V 2 O 5 nanosheets via a one-pot hydrothermal method, which exhibit high reversible capacities and rate stabilities. The enhanced electrochemical performances compared to pure SnO 2 nanoparticles have been attributed to the effective prevention of self-agglomerations of the pulverized nanograins upon cycling. We speculate that the 2D V 2 O 5 nanosheets with layered structures maybe a good substitute for the graphene nanosheets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The minimization of thermal quenching, which leads to luminescence loss at high temperatures, is one of the most important issues for near‐infrared phosphors. In the present work, we investigated the properties of near‐infrared Ca(Sc,Mg)(Al, Si)O6 : Cr3+ phosphors with a pyroxene‐type structure under blue light excitation. The CaScAlSiO6 : Cr3+ end member of Ca(Sc,Mg)(Al,Si)O6 : Cr3+ phosphor led to broadband emission at a full‐width half maximum of 215 nm, whereas the CaMgSi2O6 : Cr3+ end member exhibited high thermal stability at 150 °C, with an intensity of 88.4 % of that at room temperature. The structural analysis and density functional theory calculations revealed the absence of soft conformations and local space confinement contributed to the high structural rigidity and weakened the thermal quenching effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The minimization of thermal quenching, which leads to luminescence loss at high temperatures, is one of the most important issues for near‐infrared phosphors. In the present work, we investigated the properties of near‐infrared Ca(Sc,Mg)(Al, Si)O6 : Cr3+ phosphors with a pyroxene‐type structure under blue light excitation. The CaScAlSiO6 : Cr3+ end member of Ca(Sc,Mg)(Al,Si)O6 : Cr3+ phosphor led to broadband emission at a full‐width half maximum of 215 nm, whereas the CaMgSi2O6 : Cr3+ end member exhibited high thermal stability at 150 °C, with an intensity of 88.4 % of that at room temperature. The structural analysis and density functional theory calculations revealed the absence of soft conformations and local space confinement contributed to the high structural rigidity and weakened the thermal quenching effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The self-assembled hierarchically flower-like FeWO 4 microcrystals have been synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. The microstructure and electrocatalytic properties of synthesized FeWO 4 nanoflakes are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electrochemical techniques. The hierarchically flower-like FeWO 4 nanoflake provide adequate amount of active component for the lithium storage, resulting in a high lithium storage capability for the present system. The hierarchical structure of the 2-dimensional nanoflake is capable to mediate the massive volume expansion and contraction during lithiation and delithiation processes. This is probably the reason for the enhancement of the electrochemical performance of the FeWO 4 nanoflake structure based electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A high Si content of 66.8% is achieved. • Both SiO x and BNCNTs can alleviate the volume expansion of Si during cycling. • Finite element analysis confirms the stress relief effect of Si@SiO x @BNCNT. • Si@SiO x @BNCNT exhibits desirable electrochemical properties. Silicon-based materials are promising anodes to keep up with the demands for next-generation lithium-ion batteries in the coming decades owing to their ultrahigh theoretical capacities. However, the severe volume changes and mechanical fractures during cycling greatly hinder their way to commercialization. So far, it still remains a great challenge to develop advanced Si-based electrodes with high mechanical stability and remarkable electrochemical properties. In this work, we propose a simple and effective strategy to encapsulate Si@SiO x particles into B, N co-doped carbon nanotubes (BNCNTs) to develop Si@SiO x @BNCNT electrode for enhanced lithium storage. The SiO x layer upon Si particle is designed to mitigate the volume expansion of Si and maintain the particle integrity. Finite element analysis demonstrates that BNCNTs with high mechanical strength can further relieve the internal stress induced by Si expansion upon lithiation. The double restraint effect from SiO x layers and BNCNTs on the Si particles contributes to excellent resistance to structural degradation, enabling high stability and desirable electrochemical performance of Si@SiO x @BNCNT electrode. This strategy provides great opportunities for the practical application of Si-based anodes in high-energy lithium-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Hollow SnO2 spheres were prepared in dimethylfomamide (DMF) by controlled hydrolysis of SnCl2 using newly made carbon microspheres as templates. The phase composition and morphology of the material particles were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The gas sensing properties of sensors based on the hollow SnO2 spheres were investigated. It was found that the sensor exhibited good performances, characterized by high response, good selectivity and very short response time to dilute (C2H5)3N operating at 150°C, especially, the response to 1ppb (C2H5)3N attained 7.1 at 150°C. It was noteworthy that the response to 0.1ppm C2H5OH of the sensor was 2.7 at 250°C. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: ZnO sensors were fabricated from ZnO nanorods prepared by a hydrothermal method and their gas-sensing properties were investigated. It was found that the phase composition of the product and the gas-sensing properties were dependent on the preparation conditions (the presence of surfactant and the ratio of ). The sensor prepared at a ratio of without any surfactant exhibited the best performance, which was characterized by high response and good selectivity to low concentrations of H2S at room temperature. The sensor also had a high response, high selectivity and short response time to low concentrations of C2H5OH at 350°C. These characteristics make the sensor to be a promising candidate for practical materials detecting low concentrations of H2S and C2H5OH. Especially, the response to 0.05ppm H2S attained 1.7 at room temperature. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We report an organic solvent–assisted (OSA) co-precipitation strategy for the production of Mn4+-activated K2TiF6 phosphor. The phosphor particle size was controlled through the selection of organic solvents with an alcohol functional group and different carbon chain lengths used in the synthesis. The synergistic effect of the organic solvent and hydrofluoric acid results in large smoothed hexagonal-shaped crystal sheets of particles that become larger as the carbon chain length of the organic solvent increases. The photoluminescence (PL) properties of K2TiF6:Mn powders strongly depend on the size and thickness of the particles. The addition of n-butanol during the synthesis increases the emission intensity of K2TiF6:Mn by 208%. The PL quantum efficiency of phosphors prepared using the n-butanol-assisted strategy is much higher (98.2%) than that of conventionally prepared phosphors (89.9%). Our findings demonstrate a way to prepare the K2TiF6:Mn phosphor with targeted morphology and very high quantum efficiency and also provide the route for the optimization of all Mn4+-activated fluoride phosphors used in white light-emitting diodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An investigation is reported on the coating of the alkaline earth sulfide based red emitting phosphor Ca0.8Sr0.2S:Eu2+, Tm3+ by a thin layer of SiO2 or TiO2 using the sol–gel process. Their alkoxides were used as precursors and were dissolved in an aqueous ethanol medium. EDX (energy dispersive X-ray), SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and powder XRD (X-ray diffraction) were used to characterize the coating. The properties of coated phosphors were also tested; resistances of coated phosphors to moisture and other atmospheric components have been enhanced to a great degree without more loss of their optical properties. When the ratio of oxide ranges from 2% to 5% in weight, the brightness of phosphor has no remarkable change but the stability has been improved greatly. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Improving the high‐rate performance of spinel lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12, LTO) is one of the critical requirements to promote its practical application in Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, the possible Li+ ion diffusion routes in LTO are theoretically analyzed and compared by computational investigation. The calculations show that the most feasible diffusion path for Li+ ions is along the [110] direction indicated by the lowest energy barrier. Inspired by this prediction, ultrathin [110]‐confined LTO nanoflakes are rationally prepared through a function‐led targeted synthesis. The [110] orientation of the material sufficiently provides preferable transport channels which can promote the anisotropic diffusion of lithium ions within LTO nanoflakes. Furthermore, the ultrathin 2D nanostructure effectively shortens the diffusion length along the [110] direction, facilitating ion transport across the nanoflakes and thus improving the diffusion kinetics. Owing to these unique features, the LIB composed of optimized [110]‐confined LTO exhibits remarkable high rate capability and long‐term cycling stability, with a capacity of 146 mAh g‐1 at an ultrahigh rate of 100 C and a capacity retention of 88% even after 1500 cycles at 50 C. The as‐prepared [110]‐confined LTO nanoflakes have promising applications and show commercial viability for high‐power facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A solvent‐vapor transport route produces centimeter‐sized single‐crystal red phosphors. The epitaxial growth route to yield its core–shell structure at ambient temperature was adopted. These red phosphors could be applied in all‐inorganic WLED devices. Cs2TiF6:Mn4+ (CTFM) single crystal provides enhancement of quantum efficiency, moisture resistance, and thermal stability compared to polycrystalline powders. The internal quantum efficiency can reach as high as 98.7 %. To further improve waterproof stability, the Cs2TiF6 (CTF) shell with tunable thickness has been epitaxially grown on the CTFM single crystal surface and a unique three‐step photoluminescence intensity evolution mechanism has been proposed. By combining as‐prepared CTFM@CTF core–shell structured single crystal, YAG:Ce single crystal and blue‐chip, warm WLEDs with excellent color rendition (Ra=90, R9=94), low correlated color temperature (CCT=3155 K), and high luminous efficacy were fabricated without any organic resins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A solvent‐vapor transport route produces centimeter‐sized single‐crystal red phosphors. The epitaxial growth route to yield its core–shell structure at ambient temperature was adopted. These red phosphors could be applied in all‐inorganic WLED devices. Cs2TiF6:Mn4+ (CTFM) single crystal provides enhancement of quantum efficiency, moisture resistance, and thermal stability compared to polycrystalline powders. The internal quantum efficiency can reach as high as 98.7 %. To further improve waterproof stability, the Cs2TiF6 (CTF) shell with tunable thickness has been epitaxially grown on the CTFM single crystal surface and a unique three‐step photoluminescence intensity evolution mechanism has been proposed. By combining as‐prepared CTFM@CTF core–shell structured single crystal, YAG:Ce single crystal and blue‐chip, warm WLEDs with excellent color rendition (Ra=90, R9=94), low correlated color temperature (CCT=3155 K), and high luminous efficacy were fabricated without any organic resins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practical applications of non‐aqueous lithium‐oxygen batteries are impeded by large overpotentials and unsatisfactory cycling durability. Reported here is that commonly encountered fatal problems can be efficiently solved by using a carbon‐ and binder‐free electrode of titanium coated with TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNAs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Ultraviolet irradiation of the TNAs generates positively charged holes, which efficiently decompose Li2O2 and Li2CO3 during recharging, thereby reducing the overpotential to one that is near the equilibrium potential for Li2O2 formation. The AuNPs promote Li2O2 formation, resulting in a large discharge capacity. The electrode exhibits excellent stability with about 100 % coulombic efficiency during continuous cycling of up to 200 cycles, which is due to the carbon‐ and binder‐free composition. This work reveals a new strategy towards the development of highly efficient oxygen electrode materials for lithium‐oxygen batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practical applications of non‐aqueous lithium‐oxygen batteries are impeded by large overpotentials and unsatisfactory cycling durability. Reported here is that commonly encountered fatal problems can be efficiently solved by using a carbon‐ and binder‐free electrode of titanium coated with TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNAs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Ultraviolet irradiation of the TNAs generates positively charged holes, which efficiently decompose Li2O2 and Li2CO3 during recharging, thereby reducing the overpotential to one that is near the equilibrium potential for Li2O2 formation. The AuNPs promote Li2O2 formation, resulting in a large discharge capacity. The electrode exhibits excellent stability with about 100 % coulombic efficiency during continuous cycling of up to 200 cycles, which is due to the carbon‐ and binder‐free composition. This work reveals a new strategy towards the development of highly efficient oxygen electrode materials for lithium‐oxygen batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The highly aligned ZnO whiskers, which are grown by hydrothermal oxidation of metallic zinc plate in the presence of ethylenediamine molecules, exhibit single and/or a few modes of supernarrow spectral emissions (∼0.7 nm) at near 378 nm and negligible deep level defects emissions. Time-integrated and time-resolved photoluminescence show that the supernarrow spectral peaks are due to the laser action with an excitation threshold about 70 μJ/cm2 and emission lifetime of <30 ps. The lasing emission is highly polarized along the excitation laser polarization direction. The low lasing threshold, stable and regular supernarrow longitudinal modes, and strong lasing polarization effects can be well explained by the model of microcavity laser where the two end facets of whisker form the microcavity. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmentally friendly and low‐priced CaYAlO4:Tb3+ nanophosphors are combined with good optically transparent materials for the application in 3D printing. For ultraviolet (UV) light‐emitting diode excitation, CaYAlO4:Tb0.07Cey and CaYAlO4:Ce0.05Tbx nanophosphors are prepared by a sol–gel route and systematically studied for optimal excitation at 380 nm to give strong green emission to which human and aquatic animals eyes are generally sensitive. This is benefited from the dipole and spin allowed transition of Ce3+ and the 92.5% efficient energy transfer from Ce3+ to Tb3+ in this host. Polydimethylsiloxane, with 92% transmittance in the visible spectral region, is a valid choice to make the shaped artwork by a templating method, combined with the nanoparticles to give a uniform distribution, as determined by X‐ray microcomputed tomography. Polylactic acid is also employed to create a frog artwork by the fused deposition modeling method. The final 3D‐printed colorful artwork is displayed herein together with that produced by the templating method under different light source excitation to suggest a novel expression of aesthetic concepts and a potential application in the future marine environment such as a lamp to attract aquatic animals or a buoy to guide ships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crystal phosphors have many unique advantages compared with powdery ones. Herein, room‐temperature‐grown millimeter‐sized single‐crystal phosphors of Cs2XF6:Mn4+ (X = Ge, Si, and Ti) with remarkably higher external quantum efficiency than the corresponding powdery samples are reported. In addition, as compared with the powdery ones, the crystal samples exhibit much better stability toward water under different pH conditions. The red light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) based on Cs2XF6:Mn4+ crystals show significantly improved luminous efficiency than those based on their corresponding powders. An assembled white LED device composed of the two layers of phosphors, i.e., the crystal (such as Cs2GeF6:Mn4+) and commercial Y3Al5O12:Ce3+, on a blue chip exhibits intense warm white light with high luminous efficiency (up to 193 lm W−1), high color rendering indexes (88), and low correlated color temperatures (3107 K). Hence, these crystals with greatly improved efficiency and stability can be potentially applied in high‐quality LED backlighting display and white LED lighting, especially inside the micro‐LED devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A binder-free electrode consisting of Pd clusters and vanadium oxide (VO) has been prepared via gas-phase-cluster beam deposition on carbon cloth. The Pd clusters largely improve the stability of the VO-Pd-based electrode, which can be reversibly and continuously cycled for more than 120 cycles in a Li–O2 based battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploration of Cr3+-doped near-infrared (NIR) phosphors for light-emitting diodes has attracted widespread attention. In this work, we present a fluoride double perovskite K 2 LiScF 6 :Cr3+ NIR-emitting phosphor through a co-precipitation method. It was found that the Cr3+ activators undergo a weak crystal field and present a NIR emission band peaking at 768 nm under blue light excitation (430 nm). Meanwhile, the K 2 LiScF 6 :Cr3+ exhibits a high activation energy (0.537 eV), a weak electron-phonon coupling (EPC) effect and a remarkable photoluminescence thermal stability at 423 K, with an intensity of 95.1% of that at room temperature. Profiting from the luminescent properties, clear night vision images and human palm vein photographs were realized by coating the K 2 LiScF 6 :Cr3+ phosphor on a blue InGaN chip and using it as a lighting source, suggesting its applicability in light-emitting diodes for NIR spectroscopy applications. • A novel near-infrared phosphor of K 2 LiScF 6 :Cr3+ has been synthesized. • The low thermal quenching behavior of Cr3+ in K 2 LiScF 6 host was verified. • The applications of K 2 LiScF 6 :Cr3+ for night vision and vein imaging were evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a novel fluoroaluminate red phosphor of Cs2NaAl3F12:Mn4+ with excellent color purity was fabricated via the introduction of Mn4+ in the octahedral center. The crystal and electronic structures, luminescence properties and optical performances were characterized and investigated in detail. The evidences showed that Cs2NaAl3F12:Mn4+ well-crystallized into a single phase with particulate morphology, and the non-equivalent occupation in Cs2NaAl3F12 resulted in sharp red emissions with improved color purity upon blue light illumination. For solid-state lighting, the optical parameters consisted of the "blue-yellow-red" contributions significantly improved to a high color-rendering index of 88.7 and a low color temperature of 3856 K, indicating the potential use of Cs2NaAl3F12:Mn4+ for warm white light-emitting diode applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conjugated co-monomer, trimesic acid (TMA) was integrated into the triazine framework of polymeric carbon nitride (PCN), synthesized through chemical condensation of urea. The TMA-modified carbon nitride samples obtained were named as CNU-TMA and it was utilized for the photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO 2) under visible light illumination. The induction of such electron donor-acceptor co-monomer (TMA) dominates the intramolecular structure of PCN by acting as a nucleophilic substitution substrate to facilitate the electron density in the π-electron conjugated system of PCN and thus elevate its photocatalytic activity. Also, this process of copolymerization with TMA, not only cause a significant diversion in the specific area, band gap, chemical composition, and structure of PCN but also promote efficient charge transport from ground state (HOMO) to the excited state (LUMO) of the PCN. For comparison, CNU samples modified with other co-monomers were prepared by the same method and were named as CNU-FDA (2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid), CNU-PDA (2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid), CNU-PTA (Phthalic acid). Similarly, co-monomer TMA was incorporated in other PCN precursors such as dyandicyanamide (DCDA), thiourea (SCN) and ammonium thiocyanate (NH 2 SCN) and was named as CND-TMA 13.0 , CNT-TMA 13.0 , and CNA-TMA 13.0 , respectively. Besides, the average weight ratio between urea and TMA was well tuned and also CNU-TMA 13.0 gain a fabulous 16 fold-enhanced photocatalytic performance than blank CNU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract N-, O- and P-tridoped hollow carbons (NOPHCs) were successfully synthesized via pyrolysis of Co 2 P-containing polypyrrole (Co 2 P@PPY) precursors, and the subsequent removal of Co 2 P templates. Thanks to the synergistic effect of the multi-heteroatoms doping in the carbon framework and the large density of electrochemically active sites on the surface of hollow carbon, these metal-free materials have been proven to show remarkable performance toward both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media with excellent stability. Highlights • N-, O- and P-doped hollow carbons (NOPHCs) were successfully synthesized. • The materials were synthesized with the assistance of Co 2 P nanoparticles templates. • NOPHCs served as metal-free bifunctional electrocatalysts for HER and ORR. • The hollow structures gave large density of catalytically active sites for electrocatalysis. • Multi-heteroatoms dopants provided beneficial synergistic effects for modulating the adsorption of H 2 O and O 2 on the sites. Abstract To realize clean and renewable energy conversion systems, such as fuel cells and water splitting devices, cost-effective and energy-efficient bifunctional metal-free electrocatalysts are highly needed. Herein, N-, O- and P-doped hollow carbons (NOPHCs) are successfully synthesized via pyrolysis of Co 2 P-containing polypyrrole (Co 2 P@PPY) precursors and removal of Co 2 P templates. The materials are proven to serve as efficient and stable metal-free bifunctional electrocatalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in basic media. Notably, NOPHC 10 -900, which is obtained using 0.10 g of Co 2 P as template and pyrolyzed at 900 °C, exhibits high electrocatalytic performance for HER with a small overpotential of 290 mV at −10 mA cm−2, a low Tafel slope of 102 mV dec-1, and a great long-term stability for 19 h. Moreover, it affords decent electrocatalytic performance for ORR, with positive onset potential, high electron-transfer number, good methanol crossover tolerance and outstanding durability. The excellent electrocatalytic performance is mainly due to the synergistic effect of the multi-heteroatoms dopants in it and the large density of active sites on the surface of the hollow carbons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luminescence of monoclinic lithium metatitanate (Li2TiO3) powders activated with different quantities of Mn4+ is studied in detail. Its strong deep‐red emission arising from the Mn4+ 2Eg → 4A2g spin forbidden transition is centered at around 688 nm and is suitable for luminescence thermometry. Structural and electron paramagnetic resonance analyses show that Mn4+ ions are equally distributed in two almost identical Ti4+ sites in which they are octahedrally coordinated by six oxygen ions. Calculations based on the exchange charge model of the crystal field provided values of Racah parameters (B=760 cm−1, C= 2993 cm−1), crystal‐field splitting Dq= 2043 cm−1, and the nephelauxetic parameter β1=0.9775. The maximal quantum efficiency of 24.1% at room temperature is found for 0.126% Mn4+ concentration. Temperature quenching of emission occurs by a cross‐over via 4T2 excited state of the Mn4+ ions with T1/2=262 K and is quite favorable for the application in the lifetime‐based luminescence thermometry since relative changes in emission decay values are exceptionally‐large (around 3.21% at room temperature). We derived theoretical expressions for the temperature dependence of the absolute and relative sensitivities and discuss the influence of host material properties on lifetime sensitivities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract A novel perovskite solar cell was designed based on 3D hierarchical TiO 2 spheres as efficient charge extraction thin film, with a high photo-conversion efficiency due to enhance light scattering, light harvesting, better penetration of the perovskite in the porous HTSs network and facilitated charge extraction and electron transport. Highlights • Three morphologically different TiO 2 substrates were synthesized hydrothermally. • They were applied as ETLs in PSCs, with and without a TiO 2 compact layer. • Fast charge transport, enhanced light absorption and less charge recombination. • The PSCs based on hierarchical TiO 2 spheres, yielded an efficiency of 15.08%. Abstract Recently, organo-metal halide perovskite (e.g., CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3) solar cells have shown a significant surge in progress and efficiency. The photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSC) extensively depends on the morphology of the materials at nano-level, because the intrinsic electrical, optical and electrochemical properties also change with a change in morphology. Different TiO 2 nanostructures with diverse dimensionalities, 0D hollow TiO 2 nanoparticles (HTNPs), 3D hollow TiO 2 mesospheres (HTMSs) and 3D hierarchical TiO 2 spheres (HTSs) were synthesized hydrothermally. The PSCs based on 3D HTSs or 3D HTMSs as electron transport layers (ETLs) shows better performance than the PSCs fabricated with 0D HTNPs as ETL. The enhanced results can be attributed to the better penetration of the perovskite materials in the porous network of the HTSs or HTMSs and decreased interfacial recombination due to superior charge extraction and electron transport at the HTSs/CH 3 NH 3 PbI or HTMSs/CH 3 NH 3 Pb interfaces. By using a self-assembled TiO 2 compact layer (c-TiO 2), followed by a mesoporous layer of HTSs, produces PSCs with an excellent efficiency of 15.08%. Such c-TiO 2 -ETL films may improve PSCs performance by enhancing electron extraction and block the photogenerated holes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(Ca1−x−yMgxSryCl2/SiO2):Eu2+ phosphors with intense violet-blue emission were synthesized through a high temperature solid-state reaction method. The colour of the emission is tunable from violet-blue to blue as well as to the violet spectral region by adjusting the concentration of Mg2+ or Sr2+, respectively. An abnormal shift in emission wavelength with the ratio of alkaline earth metal ions was observed and explained by combining electronegativity with the crystal field splitting equation. The UV light content in the emission spectra of (Ca0.8Mg0.2Cl2/SiO2):0.003Eu2+ was successfully reduced below 0.1%, thus providing a safer violet-blue light source for phototherapy. Moreover, the measurement results showed an emission band peaked at 440 nm with a full-width at half maximum of 40 nm under 343 nm excitation, which matches with the most effective range for the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia. CIE chromaticity coordinates of (0.156, 0.044) and an internal quantum efficiency of 41.7% were obtained. The temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra of (Ca0.8Mg0.2Cl2/SiO2):0.003Eu2+ were also presented. These excellent properties reveal that the violet-blue emitting phosphor could be a potential candidate in converting near-UV radiation to violet-blue emission for phototherapy when combined with UV LED chips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of red-emitting phosphors composed of Li2ZrF6:Mn4+ (LZF:Mn) have been synthesized via an ionic-exchange reaction route at room temperature. The microstructure and optical characterizations have been investigated according to the detailed experiments. The morphology of the phosphor LZF:Mn changes with the concentration of HF, the reaction time and temperature. The uniform crystals of LZF:Mn with regular hexagonal tablets have been obtained in 30–40 wt% HF solutions by conducting the reaction at room temperature for about 8 h. The influences of reaction parameters on the morphology and photoluminescence properties of LZF:Mn have been systematically investigated. The luminescence intensity of LZF:Mn has been optimized by controlling the synthesis procedure and parameters. The white light-emitting diode (WLED) fabricated with LZF:Mn and Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ (YAG:Ce) on InGaN LED chip displays a warm white light with correlated color temperature (CCT) at 3789.4 K and color rendering index (CRI) of 91. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A carbon- and binder-free Ti@Ru material is synthesized through a facile and controllable strategy. A Ti@Ru based Li–O2 battery can effectively avoid the subsidiary reactions, and can be reversibly and continuously cycled for more than 500 cycles with an efficiency ca. 100%, exhibiting an ultra-cycling stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]