1. Adaptive T cell tuning in immune regulation and immunotherapy of autoimmune diseases✰.
- Author
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Wraith, David C.
- Subjects
- *
T cells , *REGULATORY T cells , *T cell receptors , *T cell differentiation , *ANTIGEN receptors - Abstract
• The immune cell repertoire is controlled through T cell receptor and costimulatory molecule dependant selection of CD4+ and Foxp3+ T cells in the thymus. • The immune response to antigen is fine-tuned through activation induced cell death. • Chronic exposure to antigen leads to desensitization of immune responses through anergy and the generation of regulatory type 1 responses. • Differentiation of anergic Tr1 cells arises from radically reduced cell signalling and epigenetic priming of tolerance associated genes. • Autoimmune responses are successfully controlled by chronic exposure to antigen processing independent T cell epitopes. Lymphocyte receptors confer antigen specificity on the adaptive immune response. Increasing evidence points to the role of adaptive tuning particularly amongst CD4+ T cell responses. This review summarises how T cell tuning impacts on critically important aspects of immune regulation including thymic selection, the immune response to chronic antigen exposure and antigen-specific immunotherapy of autoimmune conditions. Recent work has revealed a novel mechanism for T cell anergy and regulatory type 1 T cell differentiation through a limitation of T cell receptor mediated signalling combined with epigenetic priming of tolerance associated genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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