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Genetic diversity was investigated among four Sudanese domesticated guinea fowl populations collected in different regions of Sudan: the states of Blue Nile (BL), Gezira and Khartoum (G), Kassala and Gedaref (KG), and West and North Kordofan (N). In addition, one wild population from Dinder National Park (D) was included. From 25 microsatellites chosen, 10 were informative and used for the current study. A total of 107 alleles were found with observed heterozygosity between 0.364 and 0.494. The populations kept on farms showed high genetic identity with values between 0.9269 and 0.9601. Neighbor-joining tree analysis and STRUCTURE modeling showed that the wild population clearly differs from the populations kept on farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Genetic diversity was investigated among 11 local Sudanese sheep populations. These populations were: Desert, with 6 sub-populations; Nilotics; Arid upland; West African; and Nilodesert, with 2 sub-populations. 15 microsatellites were used, a total number of 263 alleles being found, with expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.726 to 0.811. Principal component analysis revealed a distinct demarcation between the West African population and all other populations in Sudan and a moderate distance of Desert Dongla sheep from all other Desert populations. Structure modelling clustered West African, Arid upland and Nilotics populations in one group, and divided the Desert and Nilodesert populations into 2 mixed clusters with incomplete demarcation, reflecting cross breeding between these populations. Mitochondrial analysis indicated the dominance of the B haplotype in all populations, with about 10% of sheep carrying the A haplotype. The presence of the A and B haplotypes suggest that Sudan may be a contact zone between Asian and African sheep ancestors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proteins in bovine milk are a common source of bioactive peptides. The peptides are released by the digestion of caseins and whey proteins. Peptides derived from the different genetic variants A, B, C, E, F1, F2, G1, G2, H, I, and J of bovine ?-casein (CSN3) were investigated for their inhibitory activities against angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE). Amino acid sequences of the CSN3 variants were analyzed in silico to detect potential ACE inhibitory peptides. Besides known biologically active peptides, exclusive peptides were identified in some CSN3 variants and their biological activity was determined: within CSN3*B and CSN3*C, the ACE inhibitory peptide ASP (IC50 = 242.3; the IC50 value is equivalent to the micromolar concentration of peptide mediating a 50% inhibition of ACE activity) and within CSN3*C the peptide AHHP (IC50 = 847.6) was detected. Furthermore, the peptides VSP (IC50 = 21.8) and ACHP (IC50 = 360.7) were identified in CSN3*F1 and CSN3*G2, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on a study which examined the suitability of bovine CSN1S1 flanking region promoter polymorphism in increasing protein content in Holstein cattle milk. Materials and methods; Results; Discussion; Conclusions.

Summary Five paternal half sib families of German Angus (GA) (n = 428) and six of German Simmental (GS) (n = 378) including dams were genotyped with 11 microsatellites (INRA132 , RM033 , BM1815 , BM1258 , BOLA-DRB1 , BM1818 , BM1905 , BM1443 , CYP21 , CSSM5 and DYMS1 ) derived from chromosome 23. Differences in heterozygosity between the breeds were observed. Significant differences in recombination rates between GA and GS could be demonstrated for the marker intervals INRA132 -CSSM5, CYP21 -BOLA -DRB1 and BOLA -DRB1 -BM1818 . The length of the map of GA was 90.5 cM in contrast to 117.8 cM for GS. The breed specific linkage maps show differences in length but confirmation of the order of the markers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the genetic and physical mapping of the interleukin-2 gene in sheep. Gene sequence; Single strand conformational polymorphism; Mendelian inheritance and frequency; Size of microsatellite fragments.

Describes the amplification and linkage mapping of the ovine microsatellite DYMS1 gene in Bos taurus. Sequence of the gene; Chromosomal location; Linkage gene mapping.

Provides information on the results of the linkage analyses between the identified microsatellite and genetic markers on goat chromosomes. Information on the glycoprotein hormone Inhibin-alpha; Source and description of primers; Method of detection.

In addition to its position in a quantitative trait locus for somatic cell score (SCS) and its function in the immune response, the CXCR1 chemokine receptor gene located on Bos taurus autosome 2 is an auspicious candidate gene for udder health in dairy cattle. An association analysis was conducted in the German Holstein-Friesian population to test the association between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position +777 within the CXCR1 gene and the SNP at position -1768 in the 5′ upstream region of this gene (rs41255711) and the indicator trait SCS by using a granddaughter design. Data were analyzed for 3 families, with a total of 749 genotyped bulls and an extended pedigree of 8,071 animals from the national German bovine genome mapping project. Variance component estimation was used to determine the source of phenotypic variation in the chromosomal area of interest. A 20-cM window surrounding the 2 SNP in the CXCR1 gene was examined. Although the percentage of variance caused by the putative quantitative trait locus in the area studied was relatively large (12 and 11%, respectively), no statistically significant association of the SNP CXCR1+777 or CXCR1-1768 with SCS was found. These results contradict previously published studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light detection and ranging is widely used in science and industry. Over the past decade, optical frequency combs were shown to offer advantages in optical ranging, enabling fast distance acquisition with high accuracy. Driven by emerging high-volume applications such as industrial sensing, drone navigation, or autonomous driving, there is now a growing demand for compact ranging systems. Here, we show that soliton Kerr comb generation in integrated silicon nitride microresonators provides a route to high-performance chip-scale ranging systems. We demonstrate dual-comb distance measurements with Allan deviations down to 12 nanometers at averaging times of 13 microseconds along with ultrafast ranging at acquisition rates of 100 megahertz, allowing for in-flight sampling of gun projectiles moving at 150 meters per second. Combining integrated soliton-comb ranging systems with chip-scale nanophotonic phased arrays could enable compact ultrafast ranging systems for emerging mass applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to more precisely map a previously reported quantitative trait locus (QTL) affecting somatic cell score on Bos taurus autosome 2 by increasing the number of markers fourfold, analysing more families and exploiting within-population linkage disequilibrium (LD). A granddaughter design of 10 German Holstein grandsire families with 1121 progeny tested sons was used. Twenty-six markers with an average marker spacing of 3.14 cM were genotyped along 81.6 cM. Linkage analysis (LA) was performed using variance-component methodology. The incorporation of LD was first done using variance-component methods followed by regression on marker alleles. LA revealed genome-wide significance (LOD > 3) at 15 contiguous marker-intervals, with the maximum test-statistic between DIK2862 and BMS778 and a 1-lod drop-off interval of 38 cM. While the variance-component methods could not detect any LD, two individual markers with a significant effect (ILSTS098, p < 0.05; BMS778, p < 0.01) were found by regression analysis. Compared with previous results QTL-localisation was substantially narrowed; further fine-mapping should focus on the close vicinity of BMS778. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gene, acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 (DGAT1), was recently identified as the one underlying the quantitative trait locus (QTL) for milk production traits in the centromeric region of the bovine chromosome 14. Until now, 2 alleles, the lysine variant (increasing fat yield, fat and protein percentage) and the alanine variant (increasing protein and milk yield), were postulated at DGAT1. This study investigated whether the diallelic DGAT1 polymorphism is responsible for all the genetic variation at the centromeric region of this chromosome for milk, fat, and protein yield and fat and protein percentage. A statistical model was applied to a granddaughter design to analyze 16 German Holstein families. The model included the diallelic DGAT1 effect and the QTL transition probability estimated for each chromosomal position by a multiple marker approach. Because the regression coefficient of this probability was corrected for the diallelic DGAT1 polymorphism, it represented a putative conditional QTL effect. The effect of the DGAT1 gene was always highly significant. The conditional QTL effect was significant genomewise for fat percentage at the proximal end of the chromosome and for protein percentage at a more distal chromosomal region. Additional chromosomewise significance was found for fat and protein yield. Our results suggest an additional source of genetic variance on this chromosome for these traits; either one or more additional alleles segregating at DGAT1 that were not previously detected, a second quantitative trait locus affecting these traits, or both. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study which detected quantitative trait loci for functional traits on the German Holstein cattle production. Materials and methods; Results and discussion; Conclusion.