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A one-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite material [3.3.0-dabco]PbBr3 (1) was synthesized by the reaction of 1,5-diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane (3.3.0-dabco) with PbBr2 in concentrated HBr aqueous solution. Differential scanning calorimetry, dielectric measurements, and variable-temperature structural analyses revealed that compound 1 exhibits two successive structural phase transitions from P212121 to Pbcm at 387 K (T1) and then to P6/mmc at 436 K (T2), accompanied by two pairs of dielectric anomalies with a clear one at T1 and an unobvious one at T2. In addition, compound 1 shows a robust second harmonic generation (SHG) effect between SHG-OFF and SHG-ON states during its centrosymmetric to non-centrosymmetric symmetry breaking phase transition at T1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactions of R, R-, cis- and trans-1,2-cyclohexanediamine with lead(II) iodide in concentrated HI aqueous solution afforded three organic–inorganic hybrid compounds, [(R, R-1,2-C6H16N2)PbI4] (1), [(cis-1,2-C6H16N2)2Pb2I8]·2H2O (2) and [(trans-1,2-C6H16N2)2PbI6]·2H2O (3), respectively. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that the inorganic components in 1–3 are constructed with a 2-D monolayer perovskite sheet, a 1-D zigzag chain and only a concrete [PbI6] octahedron which were caused by the different configurations of 1,2-cyclohexanediamine. In addition, 1–3 have been investigated by UV–vis, TG analysis and fluorescence spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narrow band gaps and excellent ferroelectricity are intrinsically paradoxical in ferroelectrics as the leakage current caused by an increase in the number of thermally excited carriers will lead to a deterioration of ferroelectricity. A new molecular ferroelectric, hexane-1,6-diammonium pentaiodobismuth (HDA-BiI5), was now developed through band gap engineering of organic-inorganic hybrid materials. It features an intrinsic band gap of 1.89 eV, and thus represents the first molecular ferroelectric with a band gap of less than 2.0 eV. Simultaneously, low-temperature solution processing was successfully applied to fabricate high-quality ferroelectric thin films based on HDA-BiI5, for which high-precision controllable domain flips were realized. Owing to its narrow band gap and excellent ferroelectricity, HDA-BiI5 can be considered as a milestone in the exploitation of molecular ferroelectrics, with promising applications in high-density data storage and photovoltaic conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narrow band gaps and excellent ferroelectricity are intrinsically paradoxical in ferroelectrics as the leakage current caused by an increase in the number of thermally excited carriers will lead to a deterioration of ferroelectricity. A new molecular ferroelectric, hexane-1,6-diammonium pentaiodobismuth (HDA-BiI5), was now developed through band gap engineering of organic-inorganic hybrid materials. It features an intrinsic band gap of 1.89 eV, and thus represents the first molecular ferroelectric with a band gap of less than 2.0 eV. Simultaneously, low-temperature solution processing was successfully applied to fabricate high-quality ferroelectric thin films based on HDA-BiI5, for which high-precision controllable domain flips were realized. Owing to its narrow band gap and excellent ferroelectricity, HDA-BiI5 can be considered as a milestone in the exploitation of molecular ferroelectrics, with promising applications in high-density data storage and photovoltaic conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An organic–inorganic hybrid molecule [(PyCH2NH3)6][Pb5I22]·3H2O (1) with a 2D inorganic layer was produced by reaction of 2-aminomethyl-pyridine with PbI2 in a concentrated HI aqueous solution. Compound 1 exhibited solid thermochromism showing a reversible color change from orange at room temperature to red at 80 °C, which was caused by the structural changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cyclic variation characteristics of the fuel-air mixture formation are essential for the fuel economy and the operating stability of engines. In this work, the cyclic variations of flash boiling and non-flash sprays were investigated experimentally by ultraviolet–visible laser absorption-scattering (UV-LAS) and high-speed Mie scattering optical diagnostics. The cyclic variations in the spray morphology and the mass distributions of liquid/vapor phase of acetone were characterized, and the effects of fuel temperature (T f , 55–200 °C) and injection pressure (P i n j , 5–35 MPa) on the cyclic variations were analyzed. It was found that variations in morphology (penetration varies ± 10%) and fuel concentration distributions are more significant for the flash boiling sprays than those for the non-flash sprays, and the variations increase with the spray development, especially after end of injection. The cyclic variations of vapor mass distribution (M v) increases by 22% when superheat degree varies from −47.8 to 97.2 °C and is reduced by 61% when increasing P i n j from 5 MPa to 35 MPa for the flash boiling spray. This study can provide insightful analysis and quantitative data for evaluating the issues caused by cyclic variations of spray such as spray impingement, ignition unreliability and combustion instability. • Spray variations of non-flash and flash boiling were investigated experimentally. • Effects of injection pressure/fuel temperature were quantitatively characterized. • Spray penetration and projected area can fluctuate up to 20% and 27%, respectively. • Cyclic variations of flash boiling spray are more significant than non-flash spray. • A quantitative evaluation method for concentration variations has been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactions of two free N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (IPr) and 1,3-dimesitylimidazol-2-yliden (IMes) with group VB transition metals MCl5 at low temperature gave a mono-NHC complex [(IPr)TaCl5] (1) and two bis-NHCs [(IMes)2MCl4][MCl6] (M = Ta, 2; =Nb, 3). Crystallographic studies revealed that the substitution effect plays an important role in the construction of these two different types of NHC complexes. Although mono-NHC complex 1 has been theoretically analyzed by F. Marchetti, complexes 2 and 3 represented the first examples of the structurally characterized bis-NHCs Ta(v) and Nb(v) complexes. In addition, complexes 1–3 showed catalytic efficiency in the cycloaddition between CO2 and propylene oxide to synthesize cyclic carbonates under mild conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Inhomogeneity and separability of supercritical state were verified experimentally. • The liquid-like and gas-like phases were visualized by optical diagnostic techniques. • The widom line is the crossover line in the supercritical state. Sufficient understanding of the supercritical state is important for exploring supercritical jet spray in thermodynamic cycle power machinery. However, in conventional studies, the phase division of supercritical state and supercritical jet spray is simple and rough, and whether the pseudo-boiling (or widom) line exists widely in various fluids, especially fossil fuels, is still not proved by experiments. In this paper, the phase inhomogeneity and separability in the supercritical state of fossil fuels are studied by using high-speed Mie scattering and UV-LAS (ultraviolet–visible laser absorption/scattering) optical diagnostic techniques. Acetone is selected as the single representative component of fossil fuels. The results show that acetone is inhomogeneous in the supercritical state at fuel temperature T f < 1.13 T c and fuel pressure P f < 1.74 P c , where T c and P c are the critical temperature and pressure, and can be further divided into liquid-like phase and gas-like phase, which is similar to the properties of inert fluids and simple fluids reported in previous literatures. The transition region (measured at interval of pressure 0.2 MPa) between the liquid-like phase and gas-like phase contains thermodynamic extremum lines such as constant pressure specific heat, volume expansion coefficient, and isothermal compression rate, which supports the view that the widom (or pseudo-boiling) line is used as the crossover in the supercritical state. When the state of acetone spray passes through the transition region, the liquid-like and gas-like phases will have dramatic changes in the optical and macroscopic properties of spray (For example, when the injection temperature is equal to the critical temperature of 235 °C, the stable liquid-like areas crossing the pseudo-boiling line decreases by 9 times as much as that without crossing the pseudo-boiling line). The results of this paper have important reference values for the study of the supercritical spray atomization regime and the establishment of the simulation model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two multidentate ligands 2,2′-(1,1′-(pyridine-2,6-diylbis(methylene))bis(1H-1,2,3-triazole-4,1-diyl))bis(methylene)bis((pyridin-2-ylmethyl)azanediyl)bis(methylene)diphenol ( H 2 L I ) and N , N ′-((1,1′-(pyridine-2,6-diylbis(methylene))bis(1H-1,2,3-triazole-4,1-diyl))bis(methylene))bis(1-(pyridin-2-yl)- N -(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)methanamine) ( L II ) containing triazolyl, phenolate and pyridinyl groups were prepared by click reaction between diazide and terminal alkynes in the presence of catalyst CuI. Both ligands were reacted with Cu 2+ and Fe 3+ salts to give three dinuclear complexes [ L I Cu 2 ](BPh 4 ) 2 ·2DMF ( 1 ), [ L II (DMF) 2 Cu 2 ](ClO 4 ) 4 ·H 2 O ( 2 ) and [ L II (FeCl 2 ) 2 ](PF 6 ) 2 ( 3 ). All complexes were characterized by IR, UV–Vis spectra and element analysis. X-ray analysis revealed that the Cu 2+ centers in complexes 1 and 2 adopted the distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry, and the Fe 3+ center in complex 3 chose an octahedral geometry. In addition, the electrochemistry of complexes 1 – 3 was investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Treatment of the pentadentate macrocyclic ligand 4-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1,7-dithia-4,10-diazacyclododecane, L, and the hexadentate macrocyclic ligand 4,10-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1,7-dithia-4,10-diazacyclododecane, L′, with one equivalent of a M2+ metal salt (M=Co, Ni, Cu) in methanol yielded six mononuclear complexes, [CoL(MeCN)](ClO4)2 (1), [NiL(H2O)]Cl2 (2), [CuL(MeCN)](ClO4)2 (3) and [ML′](ClO4)2 (4–6). Their solid state crystal structures were determined using X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. In complexes 1–3, the metal centres exhibit a slightly distorted octahedral geometry, resulting from the coordination of three nitrogen and two sulfur donating atoms in the ligand L and one solvent molecule (MeCN for complexes 1 and 3, water for complex 2) whereas in complexes 4–6, the coordination around the metal centres was satisfied by four nitrogen and two sulfur atoms from the ligand L′. The electronic spectra and electrochemistry of these complexes are reported. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: 2-Phenylethenethione (1) and its tautomer (1′) were prepared by reaction of ethynyl benzene with S8. The reaction of the tautomer with triiron dodecacarbonyl in dry toluene led to the formations of a classic triiron cluster, [Fe3(μ3-S)2(CO)9] (2), and a novel diiron complex, [Fe2(μ-S)2C6] (3). In this complex, the bridging linkage, 2-phenylethene-1,1-dithiolate, was formed during the reaction involving both C–S bond formation and cleavage. Complex 3 was fully characterised including X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. In its solid state, the neighboring phenyl rings are within the distance of π–π stacking interaction. Its electrochemistry was carried out in both dicholormethane (DCM) and acetonitrile. It was found that the reversibility was severely affected by solvent. The complex exhibited improved reversibility in the nonpolar solvent (DCM). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A novel hexadentate ligand, N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-N,N′-(bis-(2-(pyridin-2-ylmethylthio))ethyethanamine) (L), containing “N4S2” donor-set was synthesized. Its reaction with one equivalent of divalent metal perchlorate salts, M(ClO4)2·6H2O (M=Zn, Cu, and Co), in methanol yielded three mononuclear complexes [ML](ClO4)2 (M=Zn, 1; Cu, 2; Co, 3) in octahedral geometry. The complexes were fully characterized and their structures were determined using X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. UV–Vis spectra of the complexes revealed that metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transition bands showed readily red-shift in the trend of Zn(II), Co(II), and Cu(II) complexes. Upon the divalent metal binding, the ligand-based reduction process shifted positively which, otherwise, is not observable in the electrochemical window. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Reaction of chlorotrisulfidomolybdate [PPh4][MoClS3] (1) with one equivalent of tridentate ligand PyCH2NHC2H4SNa (PyNSNa) in THF generated both a mononuclear and a dinuclear complexes, [PPh4][(PyNS)MoO(η 2-S2)2] (2) and [PPh4][(PyNS)Mo(O)(μ-S)2Mo(S)(η 2-S2)]·0.5MeCN (3·0.5MeCN). These two complexes were separated mechanically and fully characterized using IR, UV/Vis spectra, 1H NMR spectra and X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. In both complexes, one terminal sulfido ligand was substituted by one oxo group. In complex 3, two types of intermolecular hydrogen bonding in its solid state led to a 1-D structure in which each unit was a dimmer formed via hydrogen bonding. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Two diferrous complexes, [Fe2(μ-SCH2CH3)3(CO)5I] and [Fe2(μ-SCH2CH2CH3)3(CO)5I] were synthesised viareaction of a monoiron carbonyl precursor, [Fe(CO)4I2], with ethanethiolate and propanethiolate, respectively. The complexes were fully characterised using spectroscopic techniques, for instance, FTIR and NMR. Their crystal structures were determined using single crystal diffraction analysis. Electrochemical reduction of these complexes are temperature-dependent. At room temperature, the diferrous complexes undergo one-electron reduction. The reduction-initiated cleavage of one bound thiolate and one iodide as a radical, takes the oxidation states of the diiron core from {Fe(i)Fe(ii)} to {Fe(i)Fe(i)}. This reduction-initiated transformation can be suppressed by lowering the temperature to 195 K, further reduction of the monoanion was observed at a potential very close to that of the first reduction, which is analogous to the mechanism observed for diiron complexes with a core of {Fe(i)Fe(i)}. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Homogeneous and high-strength free-standing poly(1,12-bis(carbazolyl)dodecane) film with conductivity of 1.36 S cm−1 and a tensile strength of 230 kg cm−2 was electrochemically synthesized in a novel mixed electrolyte of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate containing 40% CHCl3 (by volume) by direct anodic oxidation of the monomer 1,12-bis(carbazolyl)dodecane). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that free-standing polycarbazole films with high strength and high conductivity can be electrodeposited on stainless steel sheet. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: High quality polymer films can be easily produced by low-potential anodic oxidation of fluorene and its alkyl-polymer precursor through 9,9 position (9,9-dibromohexylfluorene, 9-(6-bromohexyl)fluorene, poly(fluorene-9,9-diyl-alt-alkan-1,6-diyl); Scheme 1) in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BFEE) or mixed electrolytes of BFEE+CHCl3. As-formed polymer films showed good redox behavior and were characterized by UV–vis, infrared, fluorescence spectroscopy and thermal analysis. Fluorescence spectral studies both in solution and in solid-state revealed that as-formed polymer films were good blue-green light emitters with strong emissions at about 420 and 560nm. The substitutions of alkyl group and alkyl-polymer fluorene precursors were helpful for the red shift of emission wavelength of as-formed polyfluorenes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: High quality polymer films can be easily electrodeposited by low-potential anodic oxidation of carbazole and its alkyl derivatives N-octylcarbazole, N-(6-bromohexyl)carbazole, 1,6-bis(carbazolyl)hexane in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BFEE) or mixed electrolytes BFEE+CHCl3. As-formed polymer films showed good redox behavior in monomer free BFEE and were characterized by UV–Vis, infrared, fluorescence spectroscopy and thermal analysis. Fluorescence spectral studies both in solution and in solid state revealed that as-formed polymer films were good blue light emitters with strong emissions at about 420 and 440nm, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

An octahedral coordinated nickel(II) hydrazinium complex was prepared by reaction of NiCl 2 with trimethyl hydrazinium showing reversible phase transition, dielectric anomaly and thermochromism. [Display omitted] • A nickel complex based on hydrazinium exhibits switchable thermochromic properties. • The nickel complex also shows reversible dielectric property and phase change. • The mechanism of thermochromism was explained by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Thermochromism in copper complexes is known, but nickel thermochromic complex materials are less reported. Herein, we synthesized a nickel metal complex [(Me 3 NNH 2) 2 NiCl 4 ] (1) based on 1,1,1-trimethylhydrazinium iodide and nickel chloride, which exhibited excellent switching properties in terms of dielectric and phase change and thermochromic properties from yellow to blue. Compound 1 was subjected to the variable temperature single crystal X-ray diffraction, and it was found that the crystal space group did not change after the temperature exceeded the phase transition point, so the thermochromism may be caused by the structural phase transition of the compound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inorganic nanocomposites especially Au nanostructures have exhibited outstanding physicochemical properties in biomedical fields. For further clinical applications on theranostics, especially drug delivery, numerous explorations of green and facile synthesis methods combining with pharmacoactive natural components have been investigated to construct safe and multifunctional bioactive Au nanoparticles (NPs). Ginsenoside Rh2 is protopanaxadiol type compound isolated from plants of genus Panax, with excellent anticancer effect and antioxidant activity. In this research, we prepared the novel Au nanoparticles using ginsenoside Rh2 as both reducing and stabilizing agents. Results: The synthesized Au@ginsenoside Rh2 NPs were proved to exhibit desirable inhibitory effect on different cancer cell lines, which benefited from the inherent anticancer effect of the ginsenoside Rh2. Investigations in vitro indicated that Au@ginsenoside Rh2 NPs inhibited cell proliferation, cell migration and invasion, induced cell cycle arrest, enhanced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and regulated the protein expressions of caspase-3, 8, 9 to trigger cell apoptosis as well. Conclusions: Because of the absence of toxic chemical surfactants, the eco-friendly synthesis method of Au NPs modified by natural phytochemicals avoided tedious separation and modification processes. On the other hand, Au@ginsenoside Rh2 NPs also improved water solubility and bioavailability of the hydrophobic drug ginsenoside Rh2. It broadened minds for preparation and application of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) modified metal nanoparticles and deserved further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carborane compounds, known for their exceptional thermal stability and non‐toxic attributes, have garnered widespread utility in medicine, supramolecular design, coordination/organometallic chemistry, and others. Although there is considerable interest among chemists, the integration of suitable carborane molecules into ferroelectric materials remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we employ the quasi‐spherical design strategy to introduce functional groups at the boron vertices of the o‐carborane cage, aiming to reduce molecular symmetry. This approach led to the successful synthesis of the pioneering ferroelectric crystals composed of cage‐like carboranes: 9‐OH‐o‐carborane (1) and 9‐SH‐o‐carborane (2), which undergo above‐room ferroelectric phase transitions (Tc) at approximately 367 K and 347 K. Interestingly, 1 and 2 represent uniaxial and multiaxial ferroelectrics respectively, with 2 exhibiting six polar axes and as many as twelve equivalent polarization directions. As the pioneering instance of carborane ferroelectric crystals, this study introduces a novel structural archetype for molecular ferroelectrics, thereby providing fresh insights into the exploration of molecular ferroelectric crystals with promising applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carborane compounds, known for their exceptional thermal stability and non‐toxic attributes, have garnered widespread utility in medicine, supramolecular design, coordination/organometallic chemistry, and others. Although there is considerable interest among chemists, the integration of suitable carborane molecules into ferroelectric materials remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we employ the quasi‐spherical design strategy to introduce functional groups at the boron vertices of the o‐carborane cage, aiming to reduce molecular symmetry. This approach led to the successful synthesis of the pioneering ferroelectric crystals composed of cage‐like carboranes: 9‐OH‐o‐carborane (1) and 9‐SH‐o‐carborane (2), which undergo above‐room ferroelectric phase transitions (Tc) at approximately 367 K and 347 K. Interestingly, 1 and 2 represent uniaxial and multiaxial ferroelectrics respectively, with 2 exhibiting six polar axes and as many as twelve equivalent polarization directions. As the pioneering instance of carborane ferroelectric crystals, this study introduces a novel structural archetype for molecular ferroelectrics, thereby providing fresh insights into the exploration of molecular ferroelectric crystals with promising applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reported herein is an electrochemical strategy for N-sulfonylation of azoles with sulfonyl hydrazides, offering efficient access to valuable N-sulfonated azoles. Organic radical species were involved in the process and EPR experiments provided evidence for the formation of intermediates in situ. The electrochemical reaction features metal-free, mild conditions, and a broad substrate scope (>70 examples). The gram-scale synthesis via an electrochemical continuous-flow reaction and late-stage modification of complex compounds is advocated for its practical value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with the spherical molecule 1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]-octane (2.2.2-dabco), 1,5-diazabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane (3.2.2-dabcn) bears a lower symmetry and larger size. As expected, reactions of 3.2.2-dabcn with rubidium halides gave two 3D molecular ferroelectrics [3.2.2-H2dabcn]RbX3 (X = Br for 1; X = I for 2) with Tc at 342 K (1) and 293 K (2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate digital image segmentation is necessary for analyzing the characteristics of fuel spray from various optical measurements. However, some conventional segmentation methods cannot achieve the desired effect for the difficult task with severe noises such as schlieren images under diesel engine-like conditions. In this work, an image processing algorithm named Texture Assessment by Gradient Statistics (TAGS) was proposed for improving the recognition of spray images with noisy backgrounds, which utilizes gradient statistics reflecting texture to distinguish the spray region from the background region. The effects of the key parameters in the proposed algorithm on the segmentation quality were studied. And for validating the applicability and generalization of the proposed algorithm, a series of experiments on diesel evaporating sprays were conducted through high-speed photography of Mie-scattering and double-pass schlieren. It was found that the extraction of gradient statistics can enhance the difference between the spray and the background regions when their gray values are close, which contributes to the image segmentation. For the schlieren images with noisy backgrounds, the signal-to-noise ratio of the TAGS method increased from 1.24 to 9.40 compared with the conventional gray value subtraction thresholding method. The segmentation quality has low dependence on the algorithm parameters of TAGS, and a parameter setting method for its image processing program has been recommended, which enables the analysis of spray characteristics including the macroscopic morphology, the tip penetration and the projected area of liquid/vapor phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • SIGIRR overexpression deprives the pro-inflammatory function of HBx. • SIGIRR overexpression suppresses HBx-induced NF-κB signaling activation through antagonizing MyD88 function. • Persistently high expression of SIGIRR may become a new strategy of organ inflammation suppressant drugs. Although antiviral drugs can effectively inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication, the maintenance of chronic inflammation in the liver is still considered to be an important cause for the progression of HBV-related liver disease to liver fibrosis and advanced liver disease. As an endogenous inhibitory receptor of IL-1R and TLR signaling pathways, single immunoglobulin interleukin-1-related receptor (SIGIRR) has been proven to reduce inflammation in tissues to maintain system homeostasis. However, the relationship between SIGIRR expression and HBV replication and inflammatory pathway activation in hepatocytes remains unclear. In this study, hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) upregulated MyD88 in liver cells, promoting NF-κB signaling and inflammatory factor production with LPS treatment, and the cell supernatant accelerated the activation and collagen secretion of hepatic stellate cells. However, SIGIRR overexpression suppressed HBx-mediated MyD88/NF-κB inflammatory signaling activation and inflammatory cytokine production induced by LPS in hepatocytes and HBV replication hepatocytes. Although we did not find any effect of SIGIRR on HBV replication in vitro, this study investigated the role of SIGIRR in blocking the proinflammatory function of HBx, which may provide a new idea for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In recent years, studies on the diagnostic accuracy of in-house real-time PCR (hRT-PCR) assay for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) have been reported with unignorable discrepancies. To assess the overall accuracy of the hRT-PCR assay for Mtb diagnosis in different samples for individuals with active pulmonary and extra-pulmonary Mtb infection, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed.Methods: The PUBMED, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched up to June 2017 for eligible studies that estimated diagnostic sensitivity and specificity with the hRT-PCR assay in respiratory and non-respiratory samples in pulmonary and extra-pulmonary Mtb infection patients, with Mtb culture as the reference standard. Bivariate random effect models were used to provide pooled estimation of diagnostic accuracy. Further, subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to explore sources of heterogeneity. The risk of bias was assessed by the QUADAS-2 tool.Results: Of the 3589 candidate studies, 18 eligible studies met our inclusion criteria. Compared to Mtb culture data, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.96 and 0.92, respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 192.96 (95% CI 68.46, 543.90), and the area under the summary ROC curve (AUC) was 0.9791. There was significant heterogeneity in sensitivity and specificity among the enrolled studies (p < 0.001). The studies with high-quality assessment and application of respiratory specimen were associated with better accuracy.Conclusions: In low-income/high-burden settings, our results suggested that the hRT-PCR assay could be a useful test for the diagnosis of TB with high sensitivity and specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reported herein is a photochemical strategy for C(sp3)–H azolation of ethers via a hydrogen-atom transfer and radical-polar crossover process, offering efficient access to valuable N-alkylated azoles under visible-light irradiation. The protocol is metal-free and photocatalyst-free, and exhibits good to excellent yields and broad substrate scope with regard to azoles. EPR experiments provide evidence for the formation of intermediates formed in situ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic ferroelectrics have received a great deal of interest due to their exclusive properties. However, organic ferroelectrics have not been fully explored, which hinders their practical application. Here, we presented a novel metal‐free organic molecular ferroelectric [4‐MCHA][ClO4] (1) (4‐MCHA=trans‐4‐methylcyclohexylamine), which exhibits an above‐room‐temperature of 328 K. Strikingly, the single crystal structure analysis of 1 shows that the driving force of phase transition is related to the interesting chair‐boat conformation change of 4‐MCHA cation, in addition to the order‐disorder transition of ClO4− anion. Using piezoelectric response force microscopy (PFM), the presence of domains and the implemented polarization switching were clearly observed, which explicitly determined the presence of room‐temperature ferroelectricity of 1. As far as we know, the ferroelectric phase transition mechanism attributed to the conformational change in a trans isomeric cation is very rare. This research enriched the path of designing ferroelectric materials and smart materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solute Carrier Family 25 (SLC25) is the largest family of mitochondrial membrane proteins in the human body, consisting of 53 members. Mitochondrial phosphate carriers (MPiC), cellular iron metabolism, voltage-dependent anion channels (VDAC), and oxidative phosphorylation in the SLC25 family play dominant roles in material transport, energy metabolism, etc. SLC25 family-related proteins are involved in the regulation of the progression of a variety of cancers, including colon, gastric, and lung cancers. In addition, the SLC25 family has been implicated in endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and immunity. Since SLC25 family proteins are involved in cancer progression and are associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress and immunity, exploring inhibitors of SLC25 family-related proteins is essential. However, the exact mechanism of SLC25 family-related proteins involved in cancer, as well as potential targets and SLC25 inhibitors have not been reported in the literature. This article focuses on summarizing the relevance of the SLC25 family to cancer, ERS, and immunity. This review also provides a comprehensive overview of SLC25 family-related inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic–inorganic hybrid materials with perovskite structure have recently attracted tremendous interest due to their structural tunability and rich functional properties, such as phase transition and photoelectric properties. Within this context, two discrete tin-based organic–inorganic hybrid compounds [(FMBA)2SnCl6] (1) and [(FMBA)2SnBr6] (2) were prepared by the reaction of 3-fluoro-N-methylbenzylamine (FMBA) with SnX4 (X = Cl, Br) in the corresponding concentrated halogen acids HX. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dielectric measurements showed that both compounds underwent reversible phase transition and dielectric anomaly at a phase transition point above 400 K. Crystal structure analyses revealed that the phase transition mainly originated from the order and disorder of a fluorine-substituted organic amine structure at low and high temperatures. Meanwhile, both compounds showed a semiconducting property with optical bandgaps of 4.24 eV for 1 and 2.58 eV for 2. This finding of two Sn(IV)-based metal halides with prominent phase transition and semiconducting behaviors will expand an executable pathway for designing multifunctional perovskite-type switchable materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel solid-state second harmonic generation (SHG) organic–inorganic hybrid switch [Me3NCH2CH2F]FeBr4 (1) exhibits genuine three-step "on–off–on–off" SHG-switching above-room temperature, which has potential applications in multi-step optical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gold nanorods (GNRs) have become an attractive candidate in photothermal ablation against cancer cells for their excellent photothermal transduction effect. However, the applications of GNRs in nanomedicine have been obstructed by the high cytotoxicity from the surfactant. Mass efforts have been attempted to develop the GNRs with high photothermal transduction efficiency and exploit modification materials to low the cytotoxicity of the GNRs. In this paper, (+)-catechin, a natural polyphenol extracted from green tea with anti-oxidization activity, was chosen as an effective reductant through seedless method to synthesize GNRs with a high quality, which also exhibited an excellent photothermal transduction efficiency (57.9%). Red blood cells (RBC) membranes were exploited as the biomimetic coating materials to encapsulate the GNRs to enhance the biocompatibility and photothermal stability, which could finally realize the highly photothermal ablation effect against the melanoma cells. Such cell membrane-based biomimetic nanomaterials might have a great potential in future photothermal therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two inorganic–organic hybrid compounds [(C 7 H 18 N 2 ) 6 Pb 7 I 26 ] ( 1 ) and [(C 7 H 18 N 2 )Pb 2 I 6 ] ( 2 ) have been synthesized by reactions of 2-(2-aminoethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidine and lead iodide with 1: 1 and 1: 2 M ratios in concentrated HI aqueous. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that the inorganic component in compound 1 can be viewed as a wave-like 2D sheet built up from alternatively perovskite and non-perovskite structure types connected with corner-, edge- sharing octahedral [PbI 6 ]; and that in complex 2 is a zigzag chain constructed with edge- sharing octahedral [PbI 6 ]. In addition, both complexes showed fluorescent properties with complex 1 emitted green light at 545 nm and complex 2 emitted blue light at 467 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, six copper(ii) complexes with multidentate ligands, [Cu(HL1)(OAc)(HOAc)] (1), [Cu(HL2)(OAc)] (2), [Cu(HL3)(OAc)] (3), [CuL4(OAc)] (4), [Cu(HL2)Cl] (5), and [Cu(HL3)Cl] (6) {H2L1 = [bis(3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)](2-pyridylmethyl)amine, H2L2 = [(3-tert-butyl-2-hydoxybenzyl)(3-trifluoromethyl-2-hydroxybenzyl) (2-pyridylmethyl)]amine, H2L3 = [bis(3-trifluoromethyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)] (2-pyridylmethyl)amine, and HL4 = [bis(2-pyridylmethyl)] (3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)amine}, are reported. The complexes were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry, X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis and electrochemistry. These copper(ii) complexes have been investigated as catalysts for the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde mediated by TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxyl) radical in water at ambient temperature. Mechanistic investigations have revealed that the phenolate/phenol is involved in the intramolecular proton transfer with a bound substrate in catalysis. Hence, the presence of the trifluoromethyl group on the phenol ring significantly affects the catalysis process since the substituent affects the acidity of phenol, and subsequently, the intramolecular proton transfer from the bound substrate. During catalysis, the dissociation of the auxiliary ligand (Cl− or OAc−) occurred in the SN1 pathway, and it is necessary for the substrate to bind. To complete the catalytic cycle, the cleaved auxiliary ligand rebinds to the metal center to regenerate the catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of manganese(II) halide MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O and tris(2-aminoethyl)amine N(CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ) 3 in the concentrated acid HCl at 65 °C resulted in the formation of an inorganic–organic hybrid complex: [(C 6 H 22 N 4 ) 2 (H 3 O)(MnCl 6 )(MnCl 5 )(Cl) 2 ]·3H 2 O ( 1 ) and a known byproduct [(C 6 H 22 N 4 )Cl 4 ]·H 2 O. The analogue reactions between MnBr 2 ·4H 2 O and N(CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ) 3 in HBr acid gave a pure complex [(C 6 H 22 N 4 ) 2 Br 5 ](MnBr 5 ) ( 2 ). Crystal structures revealed that Mn centers in 1 adopted trigonal bipyramidal and octahedral two geometries, while in 2 showed only trigonal bipyramidal geometry. Luminescent investigation exhibited complex 1 gave pink luminescence and complex 2 emitted yellow light in solid states, which were both directly originated from the coordinated geometries of Mn 2+ ion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of manganese (II) halides MnX and benzothiazole (btz) in the concentrated acids HX (X = Cl, Br) at 80 °C resulted in the formation of two inorganic-organic hybrid complexes: [(btz)(MnX)]·2HO (X = Cl, 1; X = Br, 2). Both compounds showed green luminescence and exhibited moderate quantum yields of 43.17 % for 1 and 26.18 % for 2, which were directly originated from the tetrahedral coordination of Mn ion. Two organic − inorganic hybrids [(btz)(MnX)]·2HO based on MnCl, benzothiazole and halide acids emitted green light with the moderate quantum efficiencies when excited by 365 nm light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensional (3D) hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) have attracted tremendous research interest due to their unique structure and promising applications. However, research on the design, synthesis and properties of this kind of metal-free crystalline material is still in the exploratory stage. Herein, two 3D perovskite molecules [1,4-3.2.2-dabcn]NH4Br3 (1) and [1,4-3.2.2-dabcn]NH4I3·0.5H2O (2) were obtained by reacting 1,4-diazabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane (1,4-3.2.2-dabcn) with NH4X (X = Br and I) in the corresponding concentrated halogen acids. The single X-ray diffraction results demonstrated that the inorganic framework structures in compounds 1 and 2 constructed with NH4Br and NH4I are completely different, caused by the radius of the bromide ion being smaller than that of the iodide ion. The 3D framework of compound 1 is constructed with a coplanar dimer [(NH4)2Br6]2− as the basic building unit, leading to the expanded 3D perovskite framework structure with a larger cavity to accommodate the 1,4-3.2.2-dabcn molecule. Nevertheless, compound 2 adopts a familiar 3D crystal framework structure with corner-sharing [(NH4)I6] octahedra, where the [1,4-3.2.2-dabcn] cations and water solvent molecule are confined in the cavities enclosed by the octahedra. Notably, both compounds exhibit reversible phase transition, dielectric anomaly and the second harmonic generation (SHG) effect. From the perspective of molecular design, this work is of great significance to guide the construction of new 3D metal-free perovskite molecular materials with reversible properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although organic molecule phase transition materials (OMPTM) have been studied by many scholars owing to their light weight and easy processing, single-component OMPTM with two reversible phase transitions have rarely been reported. Herein, we report an organic inner salt, 1-sulfo-4-dimethylamino-pyridinium (1), which exhibits two phase transitions at 286 K and 311 K, accompanied by obvious dielectric anomalies. Moreover, the variable-temperature single X-ray crystal structure analysis revealed that 1 undergoes an order–disorder symmetry breaking from 243 K (phase I) to 293 K (phase II), in which the centrosymmetric space group P21/n is transformed into the space group of Pnma. However, from phase II to phase III, there is no space group change, and 1 proceeds with an isostructural phase transition. Overall, this study highlights the exploration of the phase transition mechanism of single-component OMPTM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of (CH3NH3)PbI3 has brought the development of three‐dimensional (3D) organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHP) structures with ABX3 type to a higher level; however, most 3D frameworks are constructed by corner‐sharing of BX6 octahedra. Herein, we substituted the spherical molecule 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (2.2.2‐dabco) with 1,4‐diazabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane (1,4‐3.2.2‐dabcn) as a template to react with RbX (X=Br, I) in the corresponding HX acids under the consideration of reducing the molecular symmetry. Two 3D OIHP compounds [1,4‐3.2.2‐H2dabcn]RbI3⋅H2O (1) and [1,4‐3.2.2‐H2dabcn]RbBr3 (2) crystallized in non‐centrosymmetric point group mm2 before the phase transition point were isolated. Among them, the 3D inorganic framework of 1 is constructed by sharing the corner of [RbI6] octahedra, while that of 2 is constructed by sharing the corner and face of [RbBr6] octahedra to acquire large cavities to accommodate the organic amine cation [1,4‐3.2.2‐H2dabcn]2+; this 3D framework type is unprecedented in the OIHPs. As expected, compounds 1 and 2 exhibit reversible phase transition, dielectric and second harmonic generation (SHG) and ferroelectric properties, in which the phase transition temperature of 2 at 374 K is much higher than compound 1 at 280 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites are categorized as multifunctional materials due to their structural designability and functional diversity. Herein, two manganese-based organic–inorganic perovskite type compounds [Me3NNH2]MnCl3 (1) and [(CH3)3NCH2CH2F]2MnCl4 (2) were synthesized by reactions of trimethylhydrazine iodide and (fluoromethyl)trimethylammonium bromide with MnCl2 in concentrated hydrochloric acid aqueous solution. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dielectric measurements revealed that compounds 1 and 2 undergo reversible phase transitions at about 327 K and 352 K, respectively. Significantly, under the excitation of 365 nm, compounds 1 and 2 emit green and red luminescence, which originate from the octahedral [MnCl6] and tetrahedral [MnCl4] moieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The excellent properties of host–guest crown ether inclusions in phase transition, dielectric and second-order nonlinear optical properties have attracted much attention. In this paper, we successfully designed and prepared two novel host–guest crown ether supramolecules [(DFBA)(15-crown-5)]X (X = ClO4−, 1; ReO4−, 2) by reactions of 2,6-difluorobenzylamine (DFBA) with 1,4,10,13-pentaoxacyclopentadecane (15-crown-5) in HClO4, or HReO4 aqueous solution. By the introduction of difluoro-substituted benzylamine as a guest cation, the phase transition temperatures are greatly increased to 377 K for 1 and 391 K for 2. More importantly, the space group of 1 has changed from centrosymmetric (CS) P2/c to the non-centrosymmetric (NCS) Pca21 in 2 when substituting perchlorate (ClO4−) with the larger and heavier perrhenate (ReO4−), which leads to 2 showing a switchable and stable second-harmonic generation (SHG) effect. According to the principle of momentum matching between a cation and anion, the perrhenate group increases the energy barrier of the molecular thermal motion, which not only significantly increases the phase transition temperature of 2 but also causes it to be frozen and crystallized in a NCS space group at room temperature. This research demonstrates that a polar molecule can adjust the suitability of anions and cations inside the crystal by practical chemical means. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eight diiron hexacarbonyl complexes bearing a 1,8-dithionaphthalenyl bridging linkage as mimics of the diiron subunit of [FeFe]-hydrogenase are reported. Reaction of Fe3(CO)12 with naphtha[1,8-cd][1,2]dithiole-n-carbaldehyde (n = 2: 2a or 4: 2b) gave two complexes, [Fe2(μ-S)2R(CO)6] (–SRS– = n-formylnaphthalene-1,8-bis(thiolate), n = 2: 3a, 4: 3b), which were further used as precursors to prepare six other complexes by manipulating the formyl groups. Converting the corresponding formyl group into a hydroxymethyl group (CH2OH) led to complexes 4a and 4b. Their reactions with halobutanoyl chloride formed complexes 5a and 5b (halo group = Cl), and 6a and 6b (halo group = Br), respectively. Among the complexes, 3a, 3b, 4b, 5b, and 6a were crystallographically analysed. Electrochemical investigations into these complexes revealed that the formyl group exerts profound electronic influence on the electrochemistry, and thus catalysis of proton reduction, due to its involvement in the conjugation of the bridging linkage. DFT calculations indicate that the formyl group influences the electrochemistry and catalysis by significantly altering the composition of the LUMOs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Often, the quasi-spherical molecule 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (2.2.2-dabco) is chosen to prepare switchable materials with a high phase transition temperature. We wished to reduce molecular symmetry but maintain a quasi-spherical shape. Hence, a similar molecule, 1,4-diazabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane (3.2.2-dabcn), was used to react with equimolar amounts of HClO4 or HReO4 in aqueous solution. Two compounds [3.2.2-Hdabcn]X (X = ClO4, 1; ReO4, 2) with high phase-transition points at 418 K for 1 and 394.6 K and 419.2 K for 2, respectively, were isolated, in which one-dimensional cationic chains were connected by different types of hydrogen bonds. Differential scanning calorimetry and dielectric-permittivity measurements revealed that 1 and 2 showed switchable phase transition and dielectric anomalies. Compound 1 also showed a reversible second-harmonic-generation effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, hybrid organic‐inorganic lead halide materials have attracted great attention for their applications in the fields of light‐emitting diodes, photovoltaics, photodetector. However, these hybrid materials usually suffer from environmental and human health issues because of the toxic lead moieties. Herein, we report a novel lead‐free bismuth iodide phase transition material, [NH3(CH2)7NH3][BiI5] (1), which undergoes a reversible phase transition at high temperature 351.7 K and exhibits a step fashion dielectric anomaly. The structural phase transition of 1 is mainly originated from the order‐disorder transition of the 1,7‐heptanediamine cations. Besides, the solid‐state UV‐vis spectrum of 1 displays an intense adsorption at around 658 nm; which gives an indirect bandgap of 1.89 eV. Such a small bandgap value is comparable to most of the organic‐inorganic hybrid lead halide type semiconductors. We believe this study will shed light on the exploration of lead‐free organic‐inorganic hybrid metal halide semiconductors toward future device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sterile alpha motif (SAM) and HD domain-containing protein-1 (SAMHD1) inhibits the infection of resting CD4+ T cells and myeloid cells by human and related simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV). Vpx inactivates SAMHD1 by promoting its proteasome-dependent degradation through an interaction with CRL4 (DCAF1) E3 ubiquitin ligase and the C-terminal region of SAMHD1. However, the determinants in SAMHD1 that are required for Vpx-mediated degradation have not been well characterized. SAMHD1 contains a classical nuclear localization signal (NLS), and NLS point mutants are cytoplasmic and resistant to Vpx-mediated degradation. Here, we demonstrate that NLS-mutant SAMHD1 K11A can be rescued by wild-type SAMHD1, restoring its nuclear localization; consequently, SAMHD1 K11A became sensitive to Vpx-mediated degradation in the presence of wild-type SAMHD1. Surprisingly, deletion of N-terminal regions of SAMHD1, including the classical NLS, generated mutant SAMHD1 proteins that were again sensitive to Vpx-mediated degradation. Unlike SAMHD1 K11A, these deletion mutants could be detected in the nucleus. Interestingly, NLS-defective SAMHD1 could still bind to karyopherin-β1 and other nuclear proteins. We also determined that the linker region between the SAM and HD domain and the HD domain itself is important for Vpx-mediated degradation but not Vpx interaction. Thus, SAMHD1 contains an additional nuclear targeting mechanism in addition to the classical NLS. Our data indicate that multiple regions in SAMHD1 are critical for Vpx-mediated nuclear degradation and that association with Vpx is not sufficient for Vpx-mediated degradation of SAMHD1. Since the linker region and HD domain may be involved in SAMHD1 multimerization, our results suggest that SAMHD1 multimerization may be required for Vpx-mediation degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: High quality free-standing poly (3-(4-fluorophenyl)thiophene) (PFPT) films with conductivity of 10−1 S/cm were electrosynthesized in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BFEE) by direct anodic oxidation of the monomer 3-(4-fluorophenyl)thiophene (FPT) on stainless steel sheet. As-formed flexible and shiny PFPT films can be cut into various shapes by a knife or a pair of scissors. The structure, thermal stability and morphology of PFPT films were studied by FT-infrared, UV–vis, Raman spectroscopy thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background and Aim: Metabolic reprogramming is characterized by dysregulated levels of metabolites and metabolic enzymes. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic data analysis can help to elucidate changes in the levels of metabolites and metabolic enzymes, screen the core metabolic pathways, and develop novel therapeutic strategies for cancer. Methods: Here, the metabolome of gastric cancer tissues was determined using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset were integrated with the liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry data to identify the common dysregulated gastric cancer‐specific metabolic pathways. Additionally, the protein expression and clinical significance of key metabolic enzymes were examined using a gastric cancer tissue array. Results: Metabolomic analysis of 16 gastric cancer tissues revealed that among the 15 dysregulated metabolomic pathways, the aminoacyl‐tRNA biosynthesis pathway in the gastric tissues was markedly upregulated relative to that in the adjacent noncancerous tissues, which was consistent with the results of transcriptome analysis. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that among the key regulators in the aminoacyl‐tRNA biosynthesis pathway, the expression levels of threonyl‐tRNA synthetase (TARS) and phenylalanyl‐tRNA synthetase (FARSB) were correlated with tumor grade and poor survival, respectively. Additionally, gastric tissue array data analysis indicated that TARS and FARSB were upregulated in gastric cancer tissues and were correlated with poor prognosis and tumor metastasis. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the aminoacyl‐tRNA biosynthesis pathway is upregulated in gastric cancer and both TARS and FARSB play key roles in the progression of gastric cancer. Additionally, a novel therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer was proposed that involves targeting the aminoacyl‐tRNA biosynthesis pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Synthesis two lead-free halides [3-FPEA] 3 (SbCl 4)Cl 2 and [3-FPEA] 4 (BiI 6)I. • Both hybrid perovskites have reversible phase transitions. • Both materials are lead-free semiconductor materials. Metal halide organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite is a kind of rapid development of semiconductors but its major development has been concentrated in lead-based perovskites. Here we report two zero-dimensional non-lead halide perovskites [3-FPEA] 3 (SbCl 4)Cl 2 (1) and [3-FPEA] 4 (BiI 6)I (2) (3-FPEA = 3-fluorophenethylamine) with the reversible phase transitions. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and UV-vis absorption measurements of 1 and 2 revealed that the phase transition temperatures are 350 K (1) and 335 K (2), the bandgaps are 3.53 eV (1) and 2.14 eV (2), respectively. The room temperature X-ray single crystal diffraction showed the cation [3-FPEA]+ in 1 and 2 proceeds a twofold disorder, and the anions in 1 are a dimer [Sb 2 Cl 10 ] constructed with [SbCl 6 ] octahedra by sharing the Cl···Cl edge, and the anions in 2 are the discrete [BiI 6 ] octahedron. This study can provide an effective molecular design strategy for exploring and investigating non-lead-based halide perovskite semiconductive phase change materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]