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This paper analyses the conference papers published by double first‐class universities from mainland China between 2006 and 2019. The main findings are as follows: first, the number of conference papers from different double first‐class universities varied greatly, with the annual numbers of papers in the China Proceedings of Conferences Full‐text Database (CPCD) and in the Conference Proceedings Citation Index (CPCI) fluctuating during this period. Second, most of the top 10 disciplines of the papers in the CPCD and CPCI were in the natural sciences, with only two in the social sciences. The CPCD papers and CPCI papers had some overlap in their disciplinary distributions. Third, the CPCD and CPCI papers differed little in total number, with the number of CPCI papers being slightly higher than the number of CPCD papers. With the introduction of new regulations from the Ministry of Science and Technology (MST), there will likely be an increase in the number of Chinese‐language conference papers in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper conducted a comparative analysis of the conference publications published by Chinese scholars from 2006 to 2019. The main results are as follows. First, the conference papers are unevenly distributed among the 31 provincial administrative regions. The annual number of conference papers published by scholars from different regions fluctuated during the study period. Second, there are different disciplinary distributions of China Proceedings of Conferences Full‐text Database (CPCD) papers and Conference Proceedings Citation Index (CPCI) papers, and the CPCI publications have a relatively centralized disciplinary distribution. Third, it is noteworthy that there are more CPCD papers than CPCI papers. With the introduction of the new science and technology evaluation standards of the Ministry of Science and Technology, there should be more conference papers in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper conducts a comparative study of the scientific publications of the 31 province‐level regions of Mainland China during 2006–2018. The main results are as follows. First, the four indices, ordered by total number of papers indexed, across all provinces, are the Science Citation Index (SCI), Chinese Science Citation Database (CSCD), Chinese Social Science Citation Index (CSSCI), and Social Science Citation Index (SSCI). The number of international publications from these regions shows an increasing trend, while the number of domestic research outputs shows a fluctuating trend. Second, the international and domestic publications produced by these regions greatly improved over the study period. Third, different regions vary greatly not only in research output but also in research preference. The top five preferred disciplines of international and domestic academic achievement are very different; the former all belong to the natural sciences, while more than 7 of 10 of the latter belong to the social sciences. Moreover, the adjacency matrices of the similarity of the 31 regions show that there is some correlation between the research spotlight of a region and its economic and cultural patterns. In general, scientific research in China has developed rapidly in recent years, and different regions vary greatly not only in research achievement but also in research preference. Key points: Scientific output is unevenly distributed between Chinese provinces, with Beijing, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Hubei, and Shaanxi each contributing almost half total output.The majority of Chinese‐authored articles in international journals are in STM areas, with national journals capturing the majority of social science articles.Beijing has the highest number of articles in Q1 and Q2 journals within Web of Science, followed by Jiangsu and then Shanghai.The different regions of china specialize in different academic disciplines, with some universities excelling social sciences and others in pure and applied sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports a comparative study of the scientific publications of double first‐class universities based on international and domestic Chinese databases from 2006 to 2018. The main results are as follows. Quantitatively, the absolute total number of articles published by Chinese universities has increased. Specifically, the number of international publications in the natural and social sciences from double first‐class universities showed an increasing trend, but the number of domestic journal articles showed the reverse trend. Moreover, based on the number of papers published by each university over the years, we recognized that the ranking changes of universities fall into four categories: rising, declining, stable, and fluctuating. Qualitatively, the international and domestic publications issued by double first‐class universities greatly improved from 2006 to 2018. Moreover, scientific publications, either international or domestic, were unevenly distributed among the double first‐class universities. In general, the double first‐class universities developed rapidly in recent years and play an important role in the development of science and technology in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel benzoxazine monomer (UPA) had been synthesized by the reaction of urushiol with formaldehyde and propylamine. From the ring-opening reaction of UPA, the corresponding new biobased resin polybenzoxazine (PUPA) was obtained. The PUPA was used to fabricate honeycomb-structured porous films using the breath figures technique. The obtained films were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy. The results showed that PUPA films were highly ordered porous films. Furthermore, the PUPA porous films possess excellent acid, alkali and organic solvent resistance properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The influence of social interactions on commuters' route choice is confirmed. • An information adoption model in social interactions is proposed. • The key factors that influence interaction information adoption are identified. • Three types of social interaction are compared and discussed. • It offers enlightenment for using interaction information to guide route choice. The rapid development of information technology has significantly promoted social interactions among people. Social interactions may have become an important channel for commuters to obtain traffic information. Although commuters' own travel experience and Advanced Traveller Information Systems (ATIS) are acknowledged as two common traffic information sources that can impact commuters' route choice, the possible influence of social interactions has not yet been empirically confirmed. Therefore, an empirical study is conducted in this paper to explore whether and how social interactions affect commuters' route choice. The presented study is divided into two phases. First, 1000 commuters are surveyed about their social interactions with other commuters. A total of 809 valid questionnaires are returned from the commuters. The survey confirms that social interactions among the commuters are very common and indeed influence commuters' route choice. Second, because the essence of the influence of social interactions on commuters' route choice is an information-adoption process, partial least squares (PLS) component-based structural equation modelling (SEM) is employed to study the key success factors that influence information adoption in commuters' route choice in the context of social interactions. In the second phase, 236 valid questionnaires were returned. The obtained results demonstrate that information relevance, information accuracy, source expertise, source integrity, usefulness and extraversion are the factors that have significant influence on commuters' information adoption in the context of social interactions; while the roles of responding, trust and field dependence are not significant. Finally, some discussion and inspirations are provided based on the data analysis results. The findings in the presented study offer some insights into using social interaction information to guide commuters' route choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concrete filled double-steel-plate composite walls with shear studs, one type of steel–concrete–steel walls, are recently developed and have been used in high-rise buildings, for which fire safety is a big concern. In order to investigate the fire endurance of this new type of concrete filled double-steel-plate composite walls, three specimens with different axial compression ratios and different lengths and intervals of shear studs were tested under one-side ISO-834 standard fire to obtain the temperature distribution, deformation, and detailed failure modes. Each specimen consisted of a concrete filled double-steel-plate composite wall-body and two boundary columns. Moreover, finite-element-based numerical investigations were conducted to confirm and extend experimental findings. All the concrete filled double-steel-plate composite walls failed in compression–flexure mode with the local buckling at the compressive steel plate. The results indicate that the fire endurance of concrete filled double-steel-plate composite walls is significantly affected by the axial compression ratio, the eccentricity of the axial load, and the bond strength between shear studs and concrete. Axial compression ratio, defined as the ratio of axial compression to the nominal compressive capacity of concrete filled double-steel-plate composite walls, has both positive and negative effects on the fire endurance of concrete filled double-steel-plate composite walls. The axial load eccentricity toward the unexposed side is much more detrimental to the fire endurance of concrete filled double-steel-plate composite walls than the one toward the exposed side. In engineering practice, it is recommended that proper intervals (not greater than 300 mm) and lengths (not less than 40 mm) of the shear studs should be used to ensure the bond between concrete and steel plates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bilirubin, a severe endogenous toxin, underscores the critical need for the development of bilirubin adsorbents exhibiting both high removal efficiency and exceptional hemocompatibility. Such advancements are pivotal for augmenting the efficacy of hemoperfusion therapy in managing hyperbilirubinemia. Here, a polyacrylonitrile-polyethyleneimine (PAN-PEI) nanofiber membrane (NFM) with elevated amino content was prepared using a facile reflux method for bilirubin adsorption. The PAN-PEI NFMs exhibited a significantly augmented surface amino density of 23.5 mmol.m−2, consequently achieving a remarkable bilirubin adsorption capacity of 87.65 mg.g−1, along with an impressive removal efficiency of 92.3% for bilirubin. Additionally, these nanofiber membranes displayed excellent hemocompatibility, including minimal hemolysis rates, significant anti-protein and anti-hemocyte adhesion properties, as well as a certain degree of anticoagulant activity. These results indicate that the vast potential of using PAN-PEI nanofiber membranes for hyperbilirubinemia hemoperfusion therapy. [Display omitted] • The amino-rich nanofiber membrane was fabricated via a facile reflux method. • This membrane exhibited excellent bilirubin adsorption ability. • The hydrophilic surface promoted the hemocompatibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel photochromic metal-organic framework ([Zn(L) 0.5 (bpy)(H 2 O)]·3.5H 2 O, FJU-34 ) based on Zn(II), carboxylate-based naphthalene diimides derivatives (H 4 L) and 4,4′-bipyridine (bpy) has been prepared, which exhibits a unique doubly interpenetrated 3D open framework with a rare mog topological net. In addition, the excellent chemical stability and reversible photochromic performances have been observed in this compound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • An amino-rich nanofiber membrane for efficient bilirubin removal was developed. • Membrane was prepared by electrospun with polyacrylonitrile and polyethyleneimine. • Bilirubin removal rate exceeds 96% with membrane addition greater than 120 mg. • The adsorption capacity of free bilirubin is 142.79 mg/g at clinical concentration. • Nanofiber membrane showed satisfying results for all hemocompatibility evaluations. Bilirubin is a serious toxin in the blood of liver failure patients, and the development of bilirubin adsorbent with high removal efficiency, excellent hemocompatibility is crucial to improve the efficacy of hemoperfusion therapy. Herein, PAN/PEI nanofiber membrane (NFM) with amino-rich and smooth surface structure was prepared through a more facile co-blended electrospun method. During simulated adsorption experiments in vitro , PAN/PEI NFMs exhibited a high adsorption capacity of 142.79 mg g−1 for free bilirubin at clinical bilirubin concentration (100 mg L-1) in patients with liver failure. In addition, the bilirubin removal efficiency in static adsorption exceeded 96% when the PAN/PEI NFMs addition was greater than 120 mg. In particular, PAN/PEI NFMs displayed excellent hemocompatibility, presented a low hemolysis rate (0.4%), favorable anti-adhesion properties for hemocyte and plasma protein, and had no significant effect on coagulation. The development of this facile method promotes the feasibility of nanofibrous membranes for the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia with significant implications for improving therapeutic efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corrosion behavior of PEO coatings of four Mg Al alloys was investigated with the emphasis on the effect of Al contents in the substrates. Results indicate that the volume fraction of β phase (Mg 17 Al 12 ) and interfaces of β/eutectic phase (α+β) increased with the increasing Al content, which have strong influences on the microstructure, i.e., the components and the porosity level of PEO coatings. PEO coatings were composed of two layers: an inner layer (IL) and an outer layer (OL). The differences in components of the IL can be ascribed to the enrichment of Al in β phase and eutectic phase (α+β) compared to α phase, which facilitate to form MgAl 2 O 4 . The increased defects of the IL caused by the increasing interfaces could be related to the high misfit degree and difference of Fermi energy ( E f ) of components of IL. The porosity level of the PEO coatings first decreases and then increases with the increasing Al content caused by different discharging behaviors. It is found that the corrosion resistance first increases and later decreases, and resulted from microstructures of PEO coatings on different Mg Al alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social interaction is increasingly recognized as an important factor that influences travelers’ behaviors. It remains challenging to incorporate its effect into travel choice behaviors, although there has been some research into this area. Considering random interaction among travelers, we model travelers’ day-to-day route choice under the uncertain traffic condition. We further explore the evolution of network flow based on the individual-level route choice model, though that travelers are heterogeneous in decision-making under the random-interaction scheme. We analyze and prove the existence of equilibrium and the stability of equilibrium. We also analyzed and described the specific properties of the network flow evolution and travelers’ behaviors. Two interesting phenomena are found in this study. First, the number of travelers that an individual interacts with can affect his route choice strategy. However, the interaction count exerts no influence on the evolution of network flow at the aggregate-level. Second, when the network flow reaches equilibrium, the route choice strategy at the individual-level is not necessarily invariable. Finally, two networks are used as numerical examples to show model properties and to demonstrate the two study phenomena. This study improves the understanding of travelers’ route choice dynamics and informs how the network flow evolves under the influence of social interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Room temperature ferromagnetic properties were obtained in an originally paramagnetic molecule bis(8-hydroxyquinoline)cobalt (Coq 2 ) by doping a nonmagnetic element aluminum. The Al-doped Coq 2 films with the thicknesses of about 200 nm were prepared on Si substrates by co-evaporating pure Coq 2 powders (99%) and Al wires (99%) simultaneously at a base pressure of 1.9×10 −4 Pa. The magnetic properties of the films were measured at different temperatures by using a Quantum Design superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). The obtained maximum coercive field is about 250 Oe at 300 K. The electronic structures of Al-doped Coq 2 were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis. The FTIR and XPS spectra indicate that the doped Al atoms prefer to interact with N and O atoms in Coq 2 molecules. XAFS analysis shows that the Coq 2 molecule does not decompose during the co-evaporating process. The ferromagnetism of the film is attributed to the interactions between Al and N p states in lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to conduct a comprehensive study employing bibliometric and social network analysis to explore scholarly publications in artificial intelligence (AI). A co-authorship network analysis of countries/regions and institutions, a thematic analysis based on the co-occurrence of keywords, and a Spearman rank correlation test of social network analysis are conducted using VOSviewer and SPSS, respectively. According to the research power analysis, the United States and China are the most significant contributors to the relevant publications and hold dominant positions in the co-authorship network. Universities play a crucial role in promoting and carrying out relevant research. AI has been increasingly applied to address new problems and challenges in various fields in recent years. The Spearman rank correlation analysis indicates that research performance in AI is significantly and positively correlated with social network indicators. This article reveals a systematic picture of the research landscape of AI, which can provide a potential guide for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A novel water soluble Hg2+-selective chemosensor using a styrylindolium dye as both colorimetric and fluorometric reporting group has been synthesized and characterized. The chemosensor exhibits a specific Hg2+ selectivity to discriminate between Hg2+ and chemically close ions by using a NO2S2 chelating unit as the ion binding site. Due to the Hg2+-induced intramolecular charge transfer, the chemosensor shows a visible colorimetric change from red to yellow, leading to potential production of both visual and fluorometric detection of Hg2+ cation both in water and in aqueous ethanol solutions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Based on an oxidized irreversible ring-opening process of the spirolactam of rhodamine 6G to turn on the fluorescence pathway, a highly sensitive, selective fluorescent and easy accessible chemosensor for ClO has been reported. Upon reaction of the chemosensor with ClO ions, a fluorescent enhancement factor over 60-fold is observed. The chemosensor shows a remarkably high selectivity to discriminate between ClO and other ROS, such as HO, TBHP etc., and a wide range of the environmentally and biologically relevant anions and metal ions. The oxidized irreversible ring-opening process of the chemosensor also triggers a visible colorimetric change from colorless to pink, leading to production of both 'naked-eye' and fluorimetric detection of ClO anion. The detection limit is estimated to be 2 × 10 M based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1 method. The chemosensor can be used within a pH span of 6-11.5. The chemosensor also shows excellent performance in natural water samples. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A dual-wavelength fiber laser with a narrow-linewidth, based on a P-F fiber filter has been proposed. Polarization-maintaining fiber Bragg grating (PM-FBG) and a F-P fiber filter are introduced based on the traditional fiber laser. PM-FBG is used as the wavelength selection device. The fiber F-P filter consists of two optical couplers and a section of un-pumped erbium-doped fiber (EDF). Due to the delay of cavity and the loss generated by the EDF, the filter has comb spectral response. The incorporation of the fiber F-P filter leads to the suppression of undesirable modes. At the room temperature, under 980nm LD pumped, the maximum output of the two wavelengths is respectively −2.259dBm and 0.568dBm, with the 3-dB bandwidth separately 0.1nm and 0.14nm, realizing the narrow linewidth and dual-wavelength output. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Extraction of organic materials from 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) red water by lignite activated carbon (LAC) impregnated with Cu2+, Ba2+, Sn2+, Fe3+, Ca2+ and Ag+ was investigated. The affinity to organic materials in red water was found to follow the order: Cu/LAC>Sn/LAC>Ag/LAC>Ba/LAC>Fe/LAC>Ca/LAC, which was explained by the hard and soft acid base (HSAB) theory. Cu2+ showed the best performance and several parameters were further studied. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) verified effective loading of Cu2+ on the LAC surface. The water quality before and after treated by Cu/LAC was evaluated using high performance liquid chromatograph, Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS), UV–vis spectroscopy and other analyses. The extraction performances and mechanism of organic materials on Cu/LAC were investigated through static methods. The experimental results showed that Cu/LAC possessed stronger extraction ability for the sulfonated nitrotoluenes than the non-sulfonated nitrotoluenes, the kinetic data fitted the pseudo-second-order kinetic model well. In addition, the leaching out of Cu2+ from Cu/LAC was found much lower in the 100 times diluted red water (0.074%) than in the raw water (10.201%). Column adsorptions with more concentrated red water were also studied. Finally, Cu/LAC was observed to possess excellent reusability as well. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The effects of riboflavin on defense responses and secondary metabolism in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. NC89) cell suspensions and the effects of protecting tobacco seedlings against Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae and Ralstonia solanacearum were investigated. Defense responses elicited by riboflavin in tobacco cells included an oxidative burst, alkalinization of the extracellular medium, expression of 4 defense-related genes with different kinetics and intensities, and accumulation of 2 total phenolic compounds, scopoletin and lignin. When applied to tobacco plants challenged by P. parasitica and R. solanacearum, riboflavin treatment resulted in 47.9% and 48.0% protection, respectively. These results suggest that riboflavin can both induce a series of defense responses and secondary metabolism in cell suspensions and protect tobacco against P. parasitica and R. solanacearum. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A series of near‐infrared (NIR)‐emitting cyclometalated rhodium(III) complexes have been designed, synthesized and characterized. The NIR luminescence has been realized by rational design of strong σ‐donor cyclometalating (C^N) ligand with extended π‐conjugation structure for decreasing the energy level of intraligand (IL) state. In addition, the investigation of substituents on the benzo[g]quinoxaline moiety as the carbon‐donor demonstrated that the luminescence can be further shifted to the red by the introduction of electron‐donating thienyl groups. The luminescence maxima of these complexes are ranging from 763 nm to 792 nm with the luminescence quantum yield (Φlum) of 0.41 %–0.66 % in dichloromethane solution. This work demonstrates the first example of NIR‐phosphorescent rhodium(III) complexes and provides an alternative for diversifying the development of NIR materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to environmental and social issues caused by unauthorized processing of recyclables, waste merchants, key informal collectors with the door-step collection in China have been integrated into formal collectors. However, how to achieve effective integration is still underexamined. This study puts forward two strategies for integrating a waste merchant from a formal collector's perspective, namely, contract strategy (CS) and recruitment strategy (RS). A leader-follower game model is developed to explore and compare the suggested integration strategies considering the minimum profit constraint of a waste merchant. On this basis, the feasible boundary for the selection of a reasonable strategy by the formal collector is identified. The results show that the formal collector remains reluctant to integrate the waste merchant through RS or CS if the created value by the recyclables is low. The likelihood of selecting RS increases with the higher reclaimed value. Reduced hassle costs for residents can expand the boundary of selection for RS. Besides, it is observed that CS has a greater chance when the ratio of the collection cost coefficient under RS to CS increases. In particular situations, the formal collector may gain a higher profit using RS, although it may not definitely result in higher collection quantity compared to the situations where CS is applied. Overall, this study provides insights for formal collectors for the selection of an effective integration strategy. • A game model is developed to integrate a waste merchant into a formal collector. • Recruitment and contract integration strategies are compared for a formal collector. • Optimized profit and recycling quantity differ between two strategies. • Collection cost differences and residents' hassle cost reduction have an impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel micron-range displacement sensor based on a whispering-gallery mode (WGM) microcapillary resonator filled with a nematic liquid crystal (LC) and a magnetic nanoparticle- coated fiber half-taper is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In the proposed device, the tip of a fiber half-taper coated with a thin layer of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) moves inside the LC-filled microcapillary resonator along its axis. The input end of the fiber half-taper is connected to a pump laser source and due to the thermo-optic effect within the MNPs, the fiber tip acts as point heat source increasing the temperature of the LC material in its vicinity. An increase in the LC temperature leads to a decrease in its effective refractive index, which in turn causes spectral shift of the WGM resonances monitored in the transmission spectrum of the coupling fiber. The spectral shift of the WGMs is proportional to the displacement of the MNP-coated tip with respect to the microcapillary's light coupling point. The sensor's operation is simulated considering heat transfer in the microcapillary filled with a LC material having a negative thermo-optic coefficient. The simulations are in a good agreement with the WGMs spectral shift observed experimentally. A sensitivity to displacement of 15.44 pm/µm and a response time of 260 ms were demonstrated for the proposed sensor. The device also shows good reversibility and repeatability of response. The proposed micro-displacement sensor has potential applications in micro-manufacturing, precision measurement and medical instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs), many EV batteries have entered the retirement stage, leading to increasing concerns about the impact of resource recycling and environmental sustainability. Some countries have successfully applied reward–penalty and deposit–refund mechanisms in similar fields, such as lead-acid and waste portable batteries. However, whether these mechanisms are conducive to collecting waste EV batteries is unclear. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the influence of reward–penalty and deposit–refund mechanisms in EV battery collection by developing a Stackelberg game theoretical model. In the model, the recycling enterprise is the leader and the EV manufacturer is the follower. Furthermore, the total social welfare is used as the indicator to select the optimal incentive mechanisms. The results show that (1) both mechanisms could improve collection rates and recycling enterprises' profits, though the collection rate is lower under the reward–penalty mechanism than the deposit–refund mechanism unless the reward/penalty coefficient takes a very high value. (2) Regardless of government focus on increasing the sales volume of new EV batteries, collection rates, or social welfare, the boundary conditions of the choice of the two mechanisms are obtained. Additionally, the boundary conditions are related to the trade-in discount and refund coefficient. (3) Under the deposit–refund mechanism, even if the refund coefficient is less than 1, the mechanism may still lead to a higher collection rate than the reward–penalty mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which aims to provide systematic research method for investigating emerging trends and new developments, by using business journals. Topics include focus on co-citation networks, landmark articles and domain-level citation trends; replacement of strategic alliance, organisational mortality, and organisational adaptation by social media, price informativeness and network communities; and use of dual-map representations to explore the knowledge diffusion patterns.

The synthesis of organic photosensitizers with effective reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation remains one of the urgent needs for cancer therapy. In this study, a simple strategy is developed to endow the intrinsic non‐photosensitizer fluorophores with profound ROS‐generating ability upon light irradiation. This strategy is featured by introducing donor–acceptor (D‐A) structured fluorophores as auxiliary ligands into the Ir(III) metal complex, which provides the Ir(III) metal center‐based triplet state (T1) as an energy level springboard to efficiently enhance the energy transition to the D‐A ligand‐based triplet state (T1'). The energy level difference between T1 and T1' can be regulated through altering the cyclometalated ligands of Ir(III), facilitating the energy transfer from T1 to T1' for augmented ROS generation. To improve the pharmacological properties of the obtained D‐A coordinated Ir(III) complex, it is incorporated with the exosomes extracted from M1 phenotype macrophages (M1‐Exos). The generated nanocomplexes are able to trigger synergistic photodynamic therapy, facilitating the reprogramming of tumor‐associated macrophages and eradicating the tumors in mice. This study provides a general strategy to transform non‐photosensitizer fluorophores into effective photosensitizers for biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous nanopetals of MnMoO4 with oxygen vacancies were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and a hydrogenation reduction method. MnMoO4–OV porous nanopetals have a higher specific surface area together with a more diverse pore size distribution than MnMoO4 nanopetals. The density functional theory calculation results reveal that MnMoO4–OV has a lower energy band gap (0.642 eV) than MnMoO4 (1.095 eV). The electronic density of states plots reveal that MnMoO4–OV displays more electron state distribution at the Fermi energy level than MnMoO4. The MnMoO4–OV porous nanopetals achieve a higher specific capacitance (1920 g−1) than MnMoO4 (921 F g−1) at 1 A g−1. They also achieve a superior capacitance retention rate (85.5%) to that of MnMoO4 (69.1%) with the current density increasing from 1 to 10 A g−1. The introduction of oxygen vacancies can increase the carrier density, accelerate the electron transfer, enhance the electrical conductivity, and accordingly strengthen the redox reactivity of MnMoO4–OV. An asymmetric supercapacitor was also constructed by using MnMoO4–OV as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode. It achieves a high energy density of 59.8 W h kg−1 at a power density of 750 W kg−1, together with a good cycle life. Both experimental measurements and theoretical calculations were conducted to prove the promotive role of oxygen vacancies in achieving the supercapacitive performance of MnMoO4–OV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hollow core-shell nanosphere with sandwiched Pd nanoparticles between two-layered mesoporous silica exhibited outstanding catalytic activity and hydrothermal stability in Suzuki coupling reactions of aryl bromides and arylboronic acids. • Synthesis of Pd based sandwich-like hollow nanoporous catalyst. • Comparison of the catalytic efficiency of immobilized and free nanocatalysts. • General applicability of sandwich-like hollow nanoporous catalyst. • High hydrothermal stability of immobilized nanocatalyst. A hollow core-shell nanosphere with sandwiched Pd nanoparticles between two-layered mesoporous silica was designed through layer-by-layer assembly. The nanocomposite exhibited outstanding catalytic activity and thermal stability in Suzuki coupling reactions of aryl bromides and arylboronic acids. The conversion of bromobenzene was up to 82.8% in 1 h and 68.2% in 5 min, and the sandwich structure was well-kept after running five cycles, with few Pd NPs mass loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we propose and investigate a novel magnetic field sensor based on a Tri-microfiber coupler combined with magnetic fluid and a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) in a ring. A sensitivity of 1306 pm/mT was experimentally demonstrated in the range of magnetic fields from 0 to 15 mT. The reflection peak in the output spectrum associated with the FBG serves as a reference point allowing to avoid ambiguity in determining the spectral shift induced by the magnetic field. Due to its high sensitivity at low magnetic fields, the proposed structure could be of high interest in low field biosensing applications that involve a magnetic field, such as magnetic manipulation or separation of biomolecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the synthesis, characterization, and photophysical and ion‐binding properties of deep‐red to near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent rhodamine derivatives, bearing two spirolactone rings and substitution of the oxygen atoms in the xanthene ring with sulfur atoms (1‐S). The diastereoisomeric cis‐ and trans‐forms of the rhodamine derivative were separated and the cis‐form (cis‐1‐S) was structurally characterized by X‐ray crystallography. Upon treatment with Hg2+ ion, cis‐1‐S was converted into the dual spirolactone ring‐opened species, resulting in significant color change and fluorescence enhancement. Substitution of the oxygen atoms with sulfur and extended π‐conjugation across the fused six‐membered rings upon the two rings‐opening processes in the presence of Hg2+ ion led to a significant red‐shift of absorption (623 nm) and fluorescence (706 nm) peaks, compared to the ordinary rhodamine. Furthermore, the intracellular Hg2+‐sensing properties of the cis‐1‐S have been studied by confocal microscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to the original product, the quality of remanufactured products has higher uncertainty, resulting in lower customer purchase willingness and market acceptance. It has been considered as a bottleneck for the sustainable development of the remanufacturing industry. In response, this study aims to propose strategies that can enhance the quality of remanufactured goods, thereby stimulating consumer demand and fostering the growth of the remanufacturing sector. To achieve this objective, a two-stage model incorporating the original manufacturer, remanufacturer, and retailer was formulated, with a particular emphasis on carbon -neutral objectives. The study explores the impact of the government's dual policy, encompassing cap-and-trade mechanisms and subsidies, on the quality-linked strategies adopted by remanufacturing enterprises. A comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of different government subsidy approaches, considering scenarios without subsidies, subsidies to consumers, and subsidies to enterprises, all contingent on carbon emissions from enterprises. The findings of our analysis revealed that, under carbon emission limits, an increase in the government subsidy coefficient linked to carbon emissions effectively heightens consumers' willingness to purchase remanufactured products. This, in turn, leads to an improvement in the overall quality of remanufactured goods and an expansion of the remanufacturing industry. Notably, the impact of combining government subsidies with carbon allowance trading varies, with subsidies proving more advantageous for improving the economic and environmental efficiency of the manufacturing process as well as enhancing consumer surplus and social welfare within the industry under specific conditions of subsidy amounts and carbon emissions. The proposed model's validity and reliability were affirmed through arithmetic simulations. In conclusion, this study presents a novel strategy aimed at improving the quality of remanufactured goods, fostering customer purchase intention, and generating a combination of economic, environmental, and social benefits for enterprises. The findings of this research offer valuable insights for the development of low-carbon legislation, serving as a guide for policymakers in the quest for sustainable manufacturing practices. [Display omitted] • Remanufactured product quality, purchase intention, and carbon emission correlate. • Government policies affect remanufacturing enterprises' economic, environmental, and social benefits. • Government's dual policy of cap-and-trade and subsidies affects willingness to pay, product quality, and industry size. • The study provides a reference to formulate low-carbon policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Severe pneumonia is one of the most important causes of mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Adenovirus (ADV) is a significant cause of severe viral pneumonia after allo-HSCT, and we aimed to identify the clinical manifestations, prognostic factors, and outcomes of ADV pneumonia after allo-HSCT. Methods: Twenty-nine patients who underwent allo-HSCT at the Peking University Institute of Hematology and who experienced ADV pneumonia after allo-HSCT were enrolled in this study. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate the probability of overall survival (OS). Potential prognostic factors for 100-day OS after ADV pneumonia were evaluated through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Results: The incidence rate of ADV pneumonia after allo-HSCT was approximately 0.71%. The median time from allo-HSCT to the occurrence of ADV pneumonia was 99 days (range 17–609 days). The most common clinical manifestations were fever (86.2%), cough (34.5%) and dyspnea (31.0%). The 100-day probabilities of ADV-related mortality and OS were 40.4% (95% CI 21.1%-59.7%) and 40.5% (95% CI 25.2%-64.9%), respectively. Patients with low-level ADV DNAemia had lower ADV-related mortality and better OS than did those with high-level (≥ 106 copies/ml in plasma) ADV DNAemia. According to the multivariate analysis, high-level ADV DNAemia was the only risk factor for intensive care unit admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, ADV-related mortality, and OS after ADV pneumonia. Conclusions: We first reported the prognostic factors and confirmed the poor outcomes of patients with ADV pneumonia after allo-HSCT. Patients with high-level ADV DNAemia should receive immediate and intensive therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remanufacturing has been regarded as a key technology for the sustainable development of the world economy. However, the quality of remanufactured products is difficult to meet the needs of customers, which has become a bottleneck restricting the development of remanufacturing industry. Therefore, remanufacturing assembly management and technology has more important engineering significance to improve production efficiency and quality of remanufactured products. Aiming at the lag of the research on management and control of remanufacturing assembly, this paper summarizes the research status of remanufacturing assembly on the basis of studying the characteristics and connotation of remanufacturing assembly system. Intelligent robot of remanufacturing assembly driven by large data and intelligent manufacturing will become an important development direction in the future. The research direction of remanufacturing assembly is summarized, and the future research trend of remanufacturing assembly is pointed out. It can be predicted that the intelligent robot of remanufacturing assembly will be the key to the flexibility, intellectualization, precision, and integration of remanufacturing assembly system in the future. This study provides a direction for the development of remanufacturing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High sensitivity volatile organic compounds (VOCs) sensors based on a tapered small core single mode fiber (TSCSMF) and a microfiber coupler (MFC) are reported. The TSCSMF had a waist diameter of ∼5.1 μm and the MFC had a waist diameter of ∼1.9 μm each and both were fabricated using a customized microheater brushing technique. Silica based materials containing immobilized Nile red prepared by sol-gel method with two different recipes (recipe I and recipe II) are investigated. Initially recipe I based coating materials were applied to the surfaces of the TSCSMF and MFC. The experimental results show that the sensor based on an MFC shows much better sensitivities of −0.130 nm/ppm and −0.036 nm/ppm to ethanol and methanol than those of the TSCSMF based sensor. The corresponding minimum detectable concentration change of the MFC based sensor are calculated to be ∼77 ppb and ∼281 ppb to ethanol and methanol respectively. Both sensors are demonstrated fast response times of less than 5 min, while the recovery times varied from 7 min to 12 min. In addition, another TSCSMF based sample (∼7.0 μm) coated with a mixed layer of sol silica and Nile red prepared by recipe II was fabricated to achieve simultaneous measurement of ethanol and methanol, employing a second-order matrix approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The prognosis of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients carrying NPM1 mutations is significantly worse when accompanied by FLT3‐ITD mutations. However, accurate quantitative detection of FLT3‐ITD mutations remains challenging. To identify a novel biomarker in NPM1+FLT3‐ITD+ AML patients for more accurate stratification, we analysed the differential gene expression between the NPM1+FLT3‐ITD+ and NPM1+FLT3‐ITD− groups in five public AML datasets and identified a biomarker by taking the intersection of differentially expressed genes. We validated this biomarker in bone marrow samples from NPM1+ AML patients at the Peking University Institute of Haematology and analysed its prognostic significance. BCAT1 expression was higher in the NPM1+FLT3‐ITD+ group than in the NPM1+FLT3‐ITD− group in all seven cohorts. BCAT1 was able to predict the prognosis of NPM1+FLT3‐ITD+ AML patients, and its predictive ability was superior to that of the FLT3‐ITD allelic ratio (AR). FLT3‐targeted inhibitor quizartinib reduced BCAT1 expression. BCAT1 knockdown using lentiviral vectors led to the downregulation of MYC expression. Thus, we identified BCAT1 as a novel biomarker for NPM1+FLT3‐ITD+ AML patients. The FLT3‐ITD/BCAT1/MYC signalling pathway may play a biological role in promoting the occurrence and development of AML in FLT3‐ITD+ cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remanufacturing is one of the most effective ways to deal with the current global waste crisis; moreover, it can improve the production and resource efficiency of remanufacturing, which is an urgent need for global sustainable development. Therefore, in this study, a data-driven intelligent control system is proposed to improve the production and resource efficiency of remanufacturing assembly systems. An optimization model of the reassembly scheme is constructed to minimize quality loss and comprehensive cost. Then, based on the data acquisition and processing technology, the remanufacturing parts are measured, grouped, and coded, and the dimensional chain calculated. Then, a control method, which is a real-time monitoring and dynamic compensation response to abnormal quality, is proposed to achieve intelligent control of the remanufacturing assembly process. Moreover, some data-driven technologies of intelligent control systems that include information perception and fusion technology and real-time monitoring and dynamic compensation architecture are researched and implemented. Lastly, the intelligent control prototype system is used in a remanufacturing engine assembly workshop. Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the data-driven intelligent control system in remanufacturing assembly is effective, thus providing a method and technical support for production and resource efficiency in reassembly systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated both theoretically and experimentally, the thermo-optic tuning of whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) in a microcapillary resonator filled with nematic liquid-crystal (LC). The tuning of WGMs was realized due to the photo-thermal effect of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) on the surface of a fiber half-taper connected to a pump laser source, resulting in temperature-induced refractive index (RI) changes of the LC material. Based on perturbation theory, we analyzed the influence the RI and the wall thickness on the sensitivity of the proposed tuning scheme. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrated that increasing the thickness of the MNPs coating on the fiber taper surface leads to a stronger photo-thermal effect and to a larger RI change of the LC material within the microcapillary core. Thermo-optic tuning of WGM resonances with a sensitivity of 256.63 ± 5.67 pm/mW to the laser pump power and tuning range of 10.43 nm has been achieved. The developed thermo-optic tuning scheme has many potential applications as tunable devices, optical filters and sensors. • A thicker MNPs layer raises the sensitivity of thermo-optic tuning to pump power. • Capillary with thinner walls offers a better tuning performance. • A higher refractive index material in the capillary can increase sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The separation of C2H2/CO2 is not only industrially important for acetylene purification but also great scientific challenge due to their very similar molecular size and physical properties. To address this difficulty, herein, we present an ultramicroporous hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF‐FJU‐1) from tetracyano bicarbazole to separate C2H2 from CO2 by taking advantage of differences in their electrostatic potential distribution. This material possesses a suitable pore environment and electrostatic potential distribution fitting well to C2H2, thus showing extra strong affinity to C2H2 (46.73 kJ mol−1) and the highest IAST selectivity of 6675 for C2H2/CO2 separation among the adsorbents reported. The single crystal X‐ray diffraction reveals that the suitable pore environment in HOF‐FJU‐1 provides multiple C−H⋅⋅⋅π and hydrogen‐bonded interactions N⋅⋅⋅H−C with C2H2 molecules. Dynamic breakthrough experiments demonstrate its outstanding separation performance to C2H2/CO2 mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The separation of C2H2/CO2 is not only industrially important for acetylene purification but also great scientific challenge due to their very similar molecular size and physical properties. To address this difficulty, herein, we present an ultramicroporous hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF‐FJU‐1) from tetracyano bicarbazole to separate C2H2 from CO2 by taking advantage of differences in their electrostatic potential distribution. This material possesses a suitable pore environment and electrostatic potential distribution fitting well to C2H2, thus showing extra strong affinity to C2H2 (46.73 kJ mol−1) and the highest IAST selectivity of 6675 for C2H2/CO2 separation among the adsorbents reported. The single crystal X‐ray diffraction reveals that the suitable pore environment in HOF‐FJU‐1 provides multiple C−H⋅⋅⋅π and hydrogen‐bonded interactions N⋅⋅⋅H−C with C2H2 molecules. Dynamic breakthrough experiments demonstrate its outstanding separation performance to C2H2/CO2 mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of fertilizers may differ significantly in different soils. Here, we quantify effects of various phosphorus (P) fertilizers on maize yield and P uptake in soils with different pH values, using a pot experiment. Five P fertilizers were used; monoammonium phosphate (MAP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), calcium superphosphate (CSP), calcium magnesium phosphate (CMP) and, ammonium polyphosphate (APP). Two soils were neutral fluvo-aquic soil (pH 7.2) and acidic yellow cinnamon soil (pH 5.0). Generally, acidic soil restricted the root activity, dry matter accumulation, P uptake, and yield of maize. The effects of P fertilizers were inconsistent in the different soils. In neutral soil, the effects were the highest for DAP and lowest for CMP. However, in acidic soil they were highest for CMP, followed by DAP, and lowest for MAP. In neutral soil, DAP treatment showed higher P uptake efficiency (PUpE) and partial factor productivity (PPFP), while CMP treatment showed higher P harvest index (PHI) and utilization efficiency PUtE. In acidic soil, the PUpE and PPFP of CMP and DAP treatments were higher than in other treatments. Therefore, choosing the right P fertilizer based on soil acidity can significantly improve maize yield, P uptake, and P utilization to optimize P management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimized control of remanufacturing assembly process in a dynamic and uncertain environment has been recognised as a big challenge for remanufacturer. Therefore, an integrated optimization control method for reassembly system is proposed. The state space model of the remanufacturing assembly process and the transfer matrix of reassembly are constructed to characterize the transfer mechanism of reassembly process. Then, an optimization control model based on dynamic programming is established to realize online guidance of reassembly station. Finally, the method is applied in reassembly line of crankshaft remanufacturing, and the feasibility and effectiveness are verified. The results show that this method can effectively improve the quality of remanufactured products by 5.27%, and reduce the cost of reassembly system by 2.76%. Moreover, the method provides theoretical and methodological support for the core competitiveness of remanufacturing enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed a multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay for the simultaneous detection of 6 clinically relevant viral pathogens causing porcine reproductive failure, that is porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), pseudorabies virus (PRV) and porcine parvovirus (PPV). The limits of detection for the assay varied among the 6 target organisms from 1 to 8 copies per MLPA assay. The MLPA assay was evaluated with 346 heparinized porcine umbilical cord blood specimens, and the results of the assay were compared to those of real‐time PCR. The MLPA assay showed specificities and sensitivities of 99.2% and 100%, respectively, for PRRSV; 100% and 100%, respectively, for CSFV, PCV2, PRV and PPV. No sample was found to be positive for JEV by either the MLPA assay or the real‐time PCR. In conclusion, the MLPA assay has comparable clinical sensitivity to that of real‐time PCR assay and provides a useful tool for fast screening porcine reproductive failure‐associated viruses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The energy-saving and emission reduction (ESER) strategy is a crucial measure for promoting the sustainability of manufacturing industry in green transition. Analyzing current practices and limitations of the ESER in the manufacturing industry, this paper proposes a new concept entitled lean energy-saving and emission-reduction (LESER) and an approach to effectively improve the energy efficiency and reduce waste emissions. This paper illustrates the definition of the LESER and establishes an implementation framework for LESER to improve the manufacturing process. To quantify and evaluate performance of LESER, the state space model of the carbon footprint for energy consumption and waste discharge is established. A method for implementing the LESER strategy is constructed in the following steps: (i) clarification of the current situation; (ii) analysis of the root cause; (iii) improvement; (iv) evaluation of the carbon emissions; (v) sustaining and standardizing. Finally, the LESER strategy is applied to the Zcrubber Group Co. Ltd., which is characterized with high pollution, high energy consumption, and high emission in green transition. Results demonstrate practicability of the proposed strategy to offer an effective measure for promoting sustainability of manufacturing industry. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • Proposing the LESER for promoting sustainability of manufacturing industry • Illustrating the concept and connotation of the LESER • Describing the carbon footprint for manufacturing process by state space model • Presenting the implementation processes of the LESER [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antifouling mechanism of low surface energy marine antifouling coatings is fouling release, and the key to fouling release is the adhesion strength of fouling organisms on the coating surface. Herein, we report an antifouling strategy to improve the fouling release performance of antifouling coatings by control the surface free energy and elastic modulus. Natural biomass cardanol-based benzoxazine monomers with different structures were designed by molecular structure and successfully synthesized via Mannich condensation. Detailed information of the chemical structure for the benzoxazines are analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopies. In addition, the benzoxazines polymerization behavior is investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. The properties such as surface free energy and elastic modulus of polybenzoxazine were adjusted by the structure of the amine source. Notably, polybenzoxazines with octadecylamine as amine source have higher contact angle and lower surface free energy, and their elastic modulus is significantly lower than that of the octylamine benzoxazine. The elastic modulus of the octylamine benzoxazine was 732.5 MPa, while that of octadecylamine benzoxazine was only 24.0 MPa. Therefore, the polybenzoxazine coating has less fouling adhesion and exhibits better fouling release performance, and thus has better antifouling properties. This non-releasing polybenzoxazines without antifouling agent is a green, eco-friendly antifouling coating with low surface energy and low elastic modulus designed by molecular structure. [Display omitted] • Cardanol-based benzoxazine polymers with different molecular structures were synthesized. • Modulation of molecular structure to obtain low surface energy and low modulus polybenzoxazine. • Cardanol-based benzoxazine polymers coating with excellent fouling release performance. • Antifoulant-free and matrix-insoluble polybenzoxazine is an eco-friendly antifouling coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • The water-dispersible corrosion inhibitors were prepared from lignin and aniline. • The composite coatings were prepared from Chinese lacquer and the inhibitors. • The corrosion performance of composite lacquer coatings was remarkably improved. Abstract Corrosion resistant coatings based on eco-friendly and low-volatile organic compounds have received attention in recent years. In this work, the water-dispersible corrosion inhibitors were prepared from lignin, aniline, and 4-fluoroaniline. We achieved different polymer inhibitors with excellent optimum synergistic effects, and the resulting was shown that the excellent dispersion of inhibitors in deionized water were stable for 3 h, compared to polyaniline (PANI) after 10 min of storage. Then, those inhibitors subsequently composited into the natural lacquer to generate anti-corrosion coatings. As revealed by electrochemical measurements, including Tafel polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the composite coatings were exhibited outstanding chemical properties in different corrosive medium. The resulting showed that the corrosion performance of composite lacquer coatings were remarkably improved compared with pure lacquer coating, especially L/PF-73-10 coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • The photo-oxidation of truxene can occur in the presence of air and sunlight. • The photo-oxidation makes the red-shifted λPL max from 366 nm to 505 nm. • The photo-oxidation process produces aromatic monoketones. Abstract Truxene has received extensive attention, because of its potential applications in the optoelectronic fields. We found a phenomenon that truxene showed the red-shift of the maximum emission wavelength from 366 nm to blue-green light region when the truxene solution exposed to air and sunlight. The effects of photo-oxidation on the emissive properties of truxene were discussed in detail. Based on the structural characterization and analysis, the photo-oxidation product of truxene was confirmed as 10,15-dihydro-5H-diindeno[1,2-a:1′,2′-c]fluoren -5-one. Thereby the production of the aromatic monoketone is the main reason for the origin of longwave emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine antifouling is typically achieved by either antifoulant release or fouling release. An eco-friendly and economical new strategy is to combine the synergistic effects of both antifoulant release and fouling release to construct green marine antifouling coatings from natural products. Herein, a novel low surface energy coating was prepared by compounding natural polymerized tung oil (PTO) and urushiol-based benzoxazine copper polymers (UBCP). The introduction of PTO with long alkane segments significantly toughened the UBCP and reduced the modulus of the composite coatings (from 1258 MPa to 565 MPa), which weakened the adhesion of the fouling organisms to the surface and thus made it easier to remove. Moreover, a small concentration of copper ions in the UBCP was released from the composite coatings and had a synergistic antifouling effect. The antifouling performances of the composite coatings were tested with three different bacteria (E. coli , S. aureus and V. alginolyticus) and two microalgae (N. closterium and P. tricornutum), all of which were easily released from the composite coatings. This work develops a composite coating with synergistic effects of antifouling agents and fouling release as well as excellent antifouling performance using eco-friendly natural products as the main raw materials. An eco-friendly and economical new strategy is to combine the synergistic effects of both antifoulant release and fouling release to construct green marine antifouling coatings from natural products, namely tung oil and urushiol. PTO significantly toughened UBCP and reduced the modulus of the composite coatings, ensuring good fouling release performance. [Display omitted] • Constructing eco-friendly new marine antifouling strategy from natural products. • PTO significantly toughened UBCP and reduced the modulus of the composite coatings. • The low surface energy and low modulus promoted easier release of fouling organisms. • The antifouling mechanism is synergistic effects of antifoulant and fouling release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endotoxin has been recognized as the crucial inducer for sepsis, and selective removal of endotoxin from plasma in vitro is the popular therapeutic strategy, such as hemoperfusion technology based on adsorption. Construction of hemoperfusion adsorbents with high endotoxin adsorption capacity in plasma is critical to meet the demands of hemoperfusion therapy for sepsis. However, it has proven to be challenging because of the adhesion of plasma protein. Inspired by the antiadhesion property of mixed-charge polymers and the endotoxin adsorption property of polyethyleneimine, here, a charge-bias, endotoxin selectively adsorbable and hemocompatible layer was constructed on nanofibrous surface of polysulfone (PSF) electrospun nanofibrous membrane (ENM) by the co-deposition of positively-charged polyethyleneimine (PEI) and negatively-charged polydopamine (PDA). The charge-bias degree of PEI/PDA co-deposition layer was quantified through zeta potential measurement, and firstly visualized through Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) measurement. The continuity and integrity of PEI/PDA layer were characterized by XPS and TEM. We showed that the light positive charge-bias of the PEI/PDA layer in physiological environment (pH = 7.4) can macroscopically drove the adsorption selectivity towards endotoxins via electrostatic interaction, and uniformly distributed positive and negative charges can microscopically drove the anti-protein adhesion property. The resultant PEI/PDA@PSF ENM exhibited high adsorption capacity of 9049 EU/g in plasma, which is much higher than commercial endotoxin adsorbents. Notably, PEI/PDA@PSF ENM possessed satisfactory anti-plasma protein adhesion property, hemocompatibility and had no adverse effects on blood components, especially plasma protein. This work suggests a feasible approach for producing ENMs-based hemoperfusion adsorbent matrix for endotoxin-induced sepsis. [Display omitted] • A facile strategy for fabricating charge-biased electrospun nanofibrous membrane was developed. • This membrane exhibited excellent endotoxin adsorption performance in plasma. • The charge distribution and charge-bias degree was quantitatively investigated and visually characterized. • This membrane was used as hemoperfusion material for sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]