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In this study, the optimum spinning conditions were determined by orthogonal experiment, and polyamide oxime nanofibers (PAO NFs) with excellent morphology and adsorption were prepared by electrospinning oxime solution. PAO NFs were characterized by SEM, FTIR, NMR and elemental analysis. The effects of time, solid–liquid ratio, pH, ionic strength, initial concentration and temperature on U(VI) adsorption on PAO NFs were studied. U(VI) adsorption on PAO NFs fitted well by the pseudo first/second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model with linear equation. The maximum adsorption was 118 mg/g. Uranyl ion was coordinated with oxime oxygen and amine nitrogen of the amidoxime group. PAO NFs is expected to extract uranium from seawater efficiently and economically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Several factors are associated with the incidence of burnout, including alexithymia, social support, and depression. The relative importance of these three key parameters as mediators of burnout, however, is not well understood. In addition, there have been few studies to date specifically examining the association between alexithymia and burnout among nurses in China. Purpose: To evaluate the relationship of burnout with alexithymia, social support, and depression across emergency department nurses in China. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted using a convenience sampling methodology to survey nurses responsible for direct emergency care (n = 413) from 18 tertiary hospitals in Western, Eastern, Northern, and Southern China between May 2020 and June 2020. A structural equation modeling approach was then used to assess a hypothetical model wherein alexithymia both directly and indirectly affects burnout among emergency nurses via impacting the incidence of depression and perceived social support. Results: Results supported all driving hypotheses. Alexithymia was positive direct correlated with burnout (β = 0.35; P < 0.001) and depression (β = 0.50; P < 0.001), and exhibited a negative direct effect on social support (β = − 0.14; P = 0.041). Depression was associated with burnout, both directly (β = 0.24; P < 0.001) and indirectly (β = 0.15; P < 0.001) through its relationship with social support. Alexithymia was the factor most strongly associated with burnout, and it was able to affect burnout indirectly through depression and social support. Conclusions: We found that among emergency nurses in China, alexithymia was correlated with burnout, depression, and social support. Alexithymia was the factor most strongly associated with burnout. These data suggest that providing better social support and alleviating alexithymia may decrease rates of burnout among emergency nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the halloysite nanotubes was characterized and the adsorption of Th(IV) and U(VI) on halloysite nanotubes was investigated as a function of contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, ionic strength, initial U(VI) concentration and temperature using batch method. Meanwhile, the adsorption mechanism of uranium and thorium on halloysite nanotubes was discussed. The microscopic results displayed that halloysite nanotubes was tubular morphology and highly porous and high specific surface area of ca. 55.65 m2/g. The adsorption results showed that the adsorption of U(VI) and Th(IV) on halloysite nanotubes followed pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The strong pH dependent adsorption of U(VI) and Th(IV) displayed their strong surface complexation with the surface of halloysite nanotubes. The adsorption of Th(IV) and U(VI) increased with elevating temperature and was an endothermic and spontaneous process. The adsorption isotherms of Th(IV) and U(VI) can be better described by Freundlich and D–R model. The effect of ionic strength on the adsorption of thorium on halloysite nanotubes was much greater than that on uranium(almost unaffected), which suggested the adsorption of Th(IV) on halloysite nanotubes was most probably based on the formation of inner-sphere complexes, while that of U(VI) was based on the formation of outer-sphere complex on the edge surfaces. Th(IV) and U(VI) adsorption–desorption isotherm on halloysite nanotubes indicated adsorption process was irreversible. The selectivity order of adsorption by the halloysite nanotubes was Th(IV) > U(VI). The higher adsorption efficiency of the halloysite nanotubes for Th(IV) could be utilized for selective separation of Th(IV) from U(VI) aqueous with pH 4.1–4.3. The novel and environmentally friendly adsorption material is feasible to extract thorium from waste aqueous solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modified polyacrylonitrile fibers (ACPAN fibers) was synthesized by oximation reaction and alkaline hydrolysis. ACPAN fibers was characterized by means of SEM, FTIR, XPS and elementary analysis. The effects of contact time, solid–liquid ratio, pH, ionic strength, initial concentration and temperature on U(VI) adsorption onto ACPAN fibers was studied and the adsorption mechanism was also discussed. The experimental data fitted well pseudo-second-order kinetics model and Freundlich and D–R models, and thermodynamic process was an endothermic and spontaneous reaction. The maximum adsorption capacity was 163 mg/g, and U(VI) and ACPAN fibers possible formed more stable penta-coordination complexation. This paper highlighted ACPAN fibers as a good adsorbent to remove efficiently and economically uranyl from radioactive wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasing amount of nitric oxide (NO x) is being discharged into the atmosphere due to the development of industry and combustion of fossil fuels. Photocatalysis, as a green and renewable technology, has attracted increasing attention from global researchers to address environmental pollution caused by excessive NO x in air. g-C 3 N 4 is a metal-free organic polymer photocatalyst that has received widespread attention due to its unique physical and chemical properties. However, the photocatalytic activity of g-C 3 N 4 under visible light irradiation is limited by high photocarrier recombination, poor conductivity, and low visible light utilization. The construction of novel S-scheme heterojunction semiconductors based on g-C 3 N 4 is a promising strategy to enhance the photocatalytic activity. In this study, S-scheme CeO 2−x /g-C 3 N 4−x (Ce/CN) photocatalysts were synthesized by the thermal polymerization of melamine and Ce(NO 3) 4. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared photocatalysts was investigated for the removal of NO with visible-light irradiation. The photocatalytic efficiency of 4Ce/CN was about 1.7 times higher than that of g-C 3 N 4 with a low NO 2 yield. Material characterization and DFT analysis demonstrated that the enhanced photocatalytic activity was attributed to N and O dual defects, the excellent conductivity of CeO 2 , and the in-built field of the Ce/CN S-scheme heterojunction. [Display omitted] • S-scheme heterojunction CeO 2-x /g-C 3 N 4-x with dual defects were prepared by thermal polymerization. • The improved photocatalytic performance for removing NO is attributed to dual defective sites and the built-in electric field. • The synergistic effect of defects and heterojunction optimizes interfacial photogenerated charges dynamics and promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an emerging pollutant, artificial sweeteners (ASs) are gradually discovered in the environments. It is significant to analyze the latest advancements and future development of ASs. This work reviews the current state of knowledge on the analytical methodologies, distribution, ecotoxicity and removal of ASs in the environments. The important conclusions are that i) The popular approaches to analyze ASs are Liquid Chromatography-mass spectrometry detection analysis combined with solid phase extraction; ii) The population density and sources could change the fate of ASs; iii) The results of toxicity tests indicated the potential risks of ASs, especially the high magnification factor of degradation by-products is worth worrying about; iv) Sucralose are resistant (followed by ACE) during physical, chemical and biological degradation as well as practical application processes. Finally, knowledge gaps and future research directions are proposed for monitoring, transformation processes, and the development of ecological risk assessments of ASs in the environments. [Display omitted] • The analytical method and ecotoxicity of artificial sweetener (ASs) were reviewed. • The Pollution levels of ASs in different media around the world were discussed. • The transformation and potential risk of ASs were put forward innovatively. • Critical challenges of ASs based transformation and risk assessments were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To critically appraise and quantify the performance studies by employing machine learning (ML) to predict delirium. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Articles reporting the use of ML to predict delirium in adult patients were included. Studies were excluded if (1) the primary goal was only the identification of various risk factors for delirium; (2) the full-text article was not found; and (3) the article was published in a language other than English/Chinese. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library database, Web of Science, Grey literature, and other relevant databases for the related publications were searched (from inception to December 15, 2021). The data were extracted using a standard checklist, and the risk of bias was assessed through the prediction model risk of bias assessment tool. Meta-analysis with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, and specificity as effect measures, was performed with Metadisc software. Cochran Q and I 2 statistics were used to assess the heterogeneity. Meta-regression was performed to determine the potential effect of adjustment for the key covariates. A total of 22 studies were included. Only 4 of 22 studies were quantitatively analyzed. The studies varied widely in reporting about the study participants, features and selection, handling of missing data, sample size calculations, and the intended clinical application of the model. For ML models, the overall pooled area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting delirium was 0.89, sensitivity 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.84‒0.85), and specificity 0.80 (95% confidence interval 0.81–0.80). We found that the ML model showed excellent performance in predicting delirium. This review highlights the potential shortcomings of the current approaches, including low comparability and reproducibility. Finally, we present the various recommendations on how these challenges can be effectively addressed before deploying these models in prospective analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Preparation of Alg/PAO microspheres by self-assembly crosslinking method. • U-adsorption of the microspheres was greatly enhanced via synergy of functional groups. • The adsorption mechanism of U(VI) on Alg/PAO microspheres was discussed by XPS spectra and DFT simulations. • Alg/PAO microspheres were owned good U-adsorption reusability. Highly efficient recovery of uranium from seawater is essential for the enormous global demand of nuclear fuel in the future. In this study a new Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Network Alg/PAO (Semi-IPN Alg/PAO) hydrogel microspheres adsorbent (Abbreviated as Alg/PAO) was prepared by self-assembly method. This material has high uranium adsorption capacity (186.6 mg/g at room temperature), high adsorption selectivity, easy to manufacture on large-scale, facile to handle and collect in practical situations, which are essential for practical applications in the recovery of U(VI) from seawater. The effects of solid-liquid ratio, ionic strength, contact time, pH, initial concentration and temperature on the adsorption of uranium by Alg/PAO hydrogel microspheres were investigated by batch experiments. The U(VI) adsorption on Alg/PAO hydrogel microspheres fitted well to the pseudo second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model. FTIR and XPS and DFT (Density Functional Theory) simulations indicate that the uranyl ion mainly form chelates with amidoxime groups and carboxyl groups on sodium alginate with uranium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized by reducing aqueous Au metal ions upon interaction with Coriandrum sativum (C. sativum) leaf extract. The optical absorption peak for the synthesized AuNPs was obtained by using UV–visible spectroscopy within a range of 540–550 nm. The formation of diffraction peaks found at 2 θ values of 78.00°, 66.05°, 44.85° and 38.48° that corresponds to the index planes (311), (220), (200), and (111) validate the effective synthesis of AuNPs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was utilized to measure the size range of the spherical shaped nanoparticles, which is obtained to be 32.96 ± 5.25 nm. The peaks obtained from the FTIR results are closely linked to anthocyanins, benzophenones, flavonoids and phenols, which indicated that these biomolecules may serve as reducing agents. Additionally, studies of antioxidant function in vitro revealed that the activities of ABTS (2, 2′-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) were improved dose-dependently. Further, the results of analgesic analysis showed that the cumulative action of AuNPs and the C. sativum leaf extract in pain relief is more efficient than independent C. sativum leaf extract and the aspirin drug. Unlabelled Image • Coriandrum sativum leaf extract mediated synthesis of AuNPs • Dose dependent antioxidant activity of AuNPs • Synergistic action of AuNPs and C. sativum polyphenols in pain relief [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastic (MP) pollution in terrestrial ecosystems has aroused great concern. However, little is known regarding the distribution of MPs in Sand Land soils and their associated destinies. We investigated the MPs pollution in different areas, different vegetation cover and restoration years in Mu Us Sand Land soils. The results clearly showed that the soils of Mu Us Sand Land contain a relatively higher MPs abundance. The significant differences of MPs abundance were demonstrated among soil from sand, grassland and woodland, which the total MP abundance of sand soil was higher than that of grassland and woodland. The distribution of MP size in the woodland area primarily from 0 to 0.50 mm, which is significantly higher than that other areas. In addition, the highest concentration of MP collected was found at Salix tree (ST), followed by Poplar tree (PT) and Chinese pine (CP), while the lowest concentration was at Pinus sylvestris (PSs) and Jujube tree (JT). It is worth noting that the abundance of MPs decreases with restoration years increased, whether it is PT or PSs. We speculate that the tree disturbance in the sampling area might affect the distribution of microplastics and then be conducive to plastic fragmentation. ga1 • The abundance of microplastics exhibited exceptionally high level of MPs. • The microplastic abundance of sand was higher than that of grassland and woodland. • Microplastics size decreased gradually with the enhancement of repair degree. • Different types of cover vegetation may influence the distribution of microplastic. • Microplastics disturbance may be related to the history of restoration years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A spatiotemporal deep learning model for multi-step ahead traffic forecasting. • Pattern-aware adjacency matrix defined for dynamic non-local spatial correlation capture. • CNN/RNN-coupled seq2seq architecture with attention for temporal dependency modeling. • Extensive evaluation on two large-scale publicly-available datasets. • Quantitative and qualitative analysis for validation and interpretation of the model. Obtaining accurate information about future traffic flows of all links in a traffic network is of great importance for traffic management and control applications. This research studies two particular problems in traffic forecasting: (1) capture the dynamic and non-local spatial correlation between traffic links and (2) model the dynamics of temporal dependency for accurate multiple steps ahead predictions. To address these issues, we propose a deep learning framework named Spatial-Temporal Sequence to Sequence model (STSeq2Seq). This model builds on sequence to sequence (seq2seq) architecture to capture temporal feature and relies on graph convolution for aggregating spatial information. Moreover, STSeq2Seq defines and constructs Pattern-aware Adjacency Matrix (PAM) based on pair-wise similarity of the recent traffic patterns on traffic links and integrates it into graph convolution operation. It also deploys a novel seq2sesq architecture which couples a convolutional encoder and a recurrent decoder with attention mechanism for dynamic modeling of long-range dependence between different time steps. We conduct extensive experiments using two publicly-available large-scale traffic datasets and compare STSeq2Seq with other baseline models. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves state-of-the-art forecasting performance in terms of various error measures. The ablation study verifies the effectiveness of PAMs in capturing dynamic non-local spatial correlation and the superiority of proposed seq2seq architecture in modeling non-stationary temporal dependency for multiple steps ahead prediction. Furthermore, qualitative analysis is conducted on PAMs as well as the attention weights for model interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The doped Yb3+ and induced polarization can expand the light responsive range and inhibit the recombination of photogenerated carriers. • The introduction of Yb3+ in g-C 3 N 4 can accelerate the adsorption and activation of O 2 to generate 1O 2 , O 2 − and OH. • The doped Yb3+ and N vacancies enhanced performance for photocatalytic decomposition of TC. • The photocatalytic degradation pathway was revealed by HPLC-MS and theoretical calculations. The recombination of photogenerated charges is always a hinder for the improvement of photocatalytic efficiency. Herein, as a case of study, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4) modified with N vacancies and Yb doping (YbCN) was synthesized by the thermal polymerization of ytterbium nitrate and melamine. The optimized sample showed a photocatalytic efficiency of 99.9% within 30 min for degrading tetracycline (TC) under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm), which was 24 times than pure g-C 3 N 4. The experimental results and density functional theory (DFT) calculations support that the enhanced performance for photocatalytic decomposition of TC was attributed to the doped Yb3+ and the formation of N vacancies. The doped Yb3+ and induced polarization can expand the light responsive range and inhibit the recombination of photogenerated carriers. Moreover, the introduction of Yb3+ in g-C 3 N 4 can accelerate the adsorption and activation of O 2 to generate 1O 2 , O 2 − and OH. Furthermore, the photocatalytic degradation pathway of TC was revealed by HPLC-MS and DFT calculations. Finally, the optimized sample catalyst was also employed for photocatalytic decomposition of TC in practical conditions including tap, river, and lake water. It was found that inorganic ions in real water can influence the photocatalytic degradation of TC. This work disclosed a strategy for the rational design of efficient g-C 3 N 4 -based materials for practical environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-atom Nb anchored on g-C 3 N 4 was prepared by facile thermal polymerization. Compared with pure g-C 3 N 4 , optimized Nb-anchoring samples exhibited excellent CO and CH 4 yield and higher photocatalytic oxidation efficiency in degrading amoxicillin (AMX). Combining DFT calculations and experimental results, the enhanced photocatalytic performance was attributed to anchored single-atom Nb in terms of Nb-C and the formation of N defects. Anchoring with single-atom Nb contributed to the formation of N defects in g-C 3 N 4 , inducing the formation of polarized Nb-C bonds with high conductivity accelerating the directional transfer of photogenerated electrons and holes. Moreover, this restrained the relatively high charge carrier recombination rate of g-C 3 N 4. Additionally, N defects with solitary electrons could enhance the charge density and serve as active centers for a photocatalytic reaction. The present work underlines the importance of the synergistic effect of anchoring Nb and simultaneously generating N defects for developing a new generation of g-C 3 N 4 -based photocatalysts. [Display omitted] • The single-atom Nb anchored g-C 3 N 4 with N defects was prepared by in-situ synthesis. • Nb-C bonds and N defect synergistically improve photocatalytic redox performance. • The mechanism for CO 2 reduction was revealed by in-situ FTIR. • The pathways for oxidating AMX were unveiled by HPLC-MS and Fukui function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carburising tests were carried out at 1100 ℃ for 50 h, 100 h, 150 h and 200 h for a new type of tungsten-aluminium alloyed ethylene cracking furnace tube. The composition, microstructure transformation and performance of furnace tubes were analysed. The results showed that the average carbon content within 1 mm of the inner wall increased with the prolongation of carburising time. The thickness of carburised layer increased from 0.3 mm to 1.5 mm. The carbides in as cast structure were mainly massive (Cr, Fe, W)23C6 on the outside and fishbone (Cr, Fe, W)7C3 on the inside. During carburising process, the external (Cr, Fe, W)23C6 carbides coarsened and transformed into (Cr, Fe)7C3, and then gradually transformed into (Cr, Fe, W)7C3. Carbide coarsening mainly occurred in internal (Cr, Fe, W)7C3 during carburising. The carbide precipitation and transformation also led to Vickers hardness value of furnace tube increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The photocatalytic efficiency of Ce/g-C 3 N 4−x for decomposing of amoxicillin was enhanced more than 3 times. • The doped Ce and N vacancies synergistically accelerate the electron transfer and reduce the photocarriers recombination. • The improvement of O 2 − is attributed to the enhanced oxygen absorption and activation performance of Ce doping. • The pathway of photocatalytic degradation of amoxicillin is proposed based on HPLC-MS and theoretical calculations. Accelerating oxygen absorption and activation to generate O 2 − efficiently is challenging toward photocatalytic removal of antibiotic pollutions for water treatment. Herein, the Ce-doped g-C 3 N 4 photocatalysts with active sites for adsorbing and activating oxygen were prepared by a pyrolysis method. It was found that CeCN-1 exhibits excellent performance toward the photocatalytic degradation of amoxicillin (AMX), which was about 3.4 times more than that of pure g-C 3 N 4. Both experimental and theoretical studies elucidated that the Ce-g-C 3 N 4-x have excellent oxygen absorption and activation capacity attributed to the doping of Ce ions destroys the original sp2 hybrid mode of nitrogen and carbon in the triazine ring, and the increase of solitary electrons forms the activated site. Meanwhile, the generation of N vacancies sites not only accelerate the conversion of excitons to photogenerated carriers but also generate more O 2 − acting as the main active species for the AMX degradation. Additionally, the photocatalytic degradation pathway of AMX was revealed through HPLC-MS and Fukui index based theorical calculation, proving that the intermediate products degraded by AMX are non-toxic and harmless. This study disclose the superiority of constructing the O 2 adsorption and activation sites for photocatalytic removal of antibiotic pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Headache accompanying ischemic stroke is considered an independent predictor of neurological deterioration. This meta-analysis aims to estimate the prevalence of ischemic stroke-related headaches and identify its risk factors in China. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library database, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and four Chinese databases for the related publications were searched. Two researchers independently selected the literature, extracted the relevant data, and assessed its methodological quality. The meta-analysis applied a random-effects model with R software to calculate the pooled prevalence of ischemic stroke-related headaches in Chinese patients, and to merge the odds ratio (OR) of risk factors. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression analysis were conducted. Publication bias was assessed by a funnel plot and Egger test. Results: Ninety-eight studies were eligible for inclusion. The overall pooled prevalence of ischemic stroke-related headache was 18.9%. Subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of ischemic stroke related-headaches was higher among studies using self-report to diagnosis headache (18.9%; 95%CI, 8.9% to 40.2%), and those focused on age ≥ 55 years (19.7%; 95%CI, 14.9% to 25.9%), rural settings (24.9%; 95%CI, 19.7% to 31.6%). There were no significant differences in the headache prevalence between studies in the south and north, and inland and coastal studies. The prevalence of pre onset headache (13.9%) and tension-type headache (15.5%) and was higher compared with other types. History of headache (OR = 3.24; 95%CI, 2.26 to 4.65.), female gender (OR = 2.06; 95%CI, 1.44 to 2.96.), midbrain lesions (OR = 3.56; 95%CI, 1.86 to 6.83.), and posterior circulation stroke (OR = 2.13; 95%CI, 1.14 to 4.32) were major risk factors. Conclusion: The prevalence of ischemic stroke-associated headache is high in China. In addition, women, presence of midbrain lesions, posterior circulation stroke and a history of migraine were high-risk factors for ischemic stroke-related headaches. Designing effective interventions to prevent or alleviated headaches is necessary to promote patients' neurological recovery and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ibuprofen (IBU), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is one of the most widely used and frequently detected pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water bodies. This study examined the IBU degradation in aquatic solutions via ferric ion activated peroxydisulfate (PDS) coupled with electro-oxidation (EC/Fe3+/PDS). The degradation mechanisms involved three synergistic reactions in the EC/Fe3+/PDS system, including: (1) the electro-oxidation; (2) SO 4 • − generated from the activation of PDS by ferrous ions formed via cathodic reduction; (3) SO 4 • − generated from the electron transfer reaction. The radical scavenging experiments indicated that SO 4 • − and •OH dominated the oxidation process. The effects of the applied current density, PDS concentration, Fe3+ dosage, initial IBU concentration and initial pH as well as inorganic anions and humic acid on the degradation efficiency, were studied, and the degradation process of IBU followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. About 99.37% of IBU was removed in 60 min ((Fe3+ concentration) = 2.0 mM, (PDS concentration) = 12 mM, (initial IBU concentration) = 30 mg/L, current density = 15 mA/cm2, initial pH = 3). Finally, seven intermediate compounds were identified and probable IBU degradation pathways in the EC/Fe3+/PDS system were speculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The copolymers with amidoxime and imidazole groups accelerated uranium adsorption. • The copolymers with amidoxime and imidazole groups remarkably enhanced adsorption capacity of U(VI). • The copolymers and U(VI) desorption with Na 2 CO 3 + H 2 O 2 could be reused. • The copolymers have a good selectivity for uranium. With the development of nuclear power and the depletion of uranium resources on land, extracting uranium from seawater has become a grand task. In particular, the synthesis of highly efficient and selective adsorbents becomes very important. Three copolymers (P(AO/C 2 VIM+Br−)-6, P(AO/C 6 VIM+Cl−)-3 and P(AO/C 12 VIM+Cl−)-2 were synthesized by radical polymerization, alkyl substitution and the amidoximation reaction of hydroxylamine. The copolymers were characterized by using FTIR, XPS, 1H NMR, and elemental analysis. The effects of different amount of imidazole cation and different length of branched chain on the adsorption were investigated by batch experiments, including solid-liquid ratio, contact time, pH, ionic strength, and coexisting ions. Meanwhile, the adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics of U(VI) on the copolymers were carried out. The results proved that the U(VI) adsorption by the copolymers strongly depended on ionic strength and pH, and fit well with pseudo–second-order model and Langmuir model and displayed endothermic, spontaneous process. Based on FTIR and XPS analysis, the possible binding mechanism involved uranyl with oxime O and amino nitrogen by bidentate coordination model or through bidentate coordination of oxime O, amino N and imidazole N. In addition, a little uranium might be adsorbed with positive charges by coulombic interaction, especially the adsorption of uranium on copolymer P(AO/C 12 VIM+Br−)-2. Finally, reuse performance of copolymers and adsorption of uranium in simulated seawater were studied comparatively. The results showed that P(AO/C2VIM+ Br−)-6 can be regarded as a good adsorbent for extracting uranium in simulating seawater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This study provides the latest evidence on the level of life space mobility of community elderly people. • The life space mobility of community elderly people is at a moderate level globally, with 42% of them living in a state of restricted life space. • The level of life space mobility among community elderly people gradually achieved stability after 2017. • South America, females and earlier survey years have a lower level of LSM. Multiple countries have conducted surveys on the level of life space mobility for community-dwelling elderly through the Life-Space Assessment, the results vary greatly, from 41.7 to 88.6. However, there is no meta-analysis on the current situation of community-dwelling elderly life space mobility. To systematically assess the global level of life space mobility for community-dwelling elderly, to identify potential covariates such as geographical regions, survey years, gender, and age that contribute to the heterogeneity between the studies, and to identify the dynamic trend based on survey years. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Two reviewers searched the following 8 electronic bibliographic databases from inception until May 28, 2023: PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, Chinese Biomedical Database, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, WanFang, and Weipu Database. This review was conducted using the Stata 14.1 and R 4.3.1. The Cochrane's Q statistical and I2 index were used to test for heterogenicity and assess the degree of heterogenicity, respectively. Studies were appraised using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality tool, the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for the quality of cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, respectively. A total of 29 studies were selected from databases and reference lists. The pooled score of Life-Space Assessment was 66.84 (95% CI: 63.30–70.39) and the prevalence of restricted life space was 42% (95% CI: 0.27–0.57). The geographical regions, survey years, gender were found to be a significant covariate of the pooled score of life space mobility estimate in the subgroup analysis. The mean score of Life-Space Assessment gradually achieved stability after 2017. The life space mobility of community-dwelling elderly in the global is at a moderate level, with 42% of them experiencing restricted life space. South America, females and earlier survey years have a lower level of life space mobility. In the future, the government should identify vulnerable groups for targeted intervention to promote the level of LSM in the community-dwelling elderly. PROSPERO [CRD42023443054]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fetal dermal mesenchymal stem cells (FDMSCs), isolated from fetal skin, are serving as a novel MSC candidate with great potential in regenerative medicine. More recently, the paracrine actions, especially MSC-derived exosomes, are being focused on the vital role in MSC-based cellular therapy. This study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of exosomes secreted by FDMSCs in normal wound healing. First, the in vivo study indicated that FDMSC exosomes could accelerate wound closure in a mouse full-thickness skin wound model. Then, we investigated the role of FDMSC-derived exosomes on adult dermal fibroblast (ADFs). The results demonstrated that FDMSC exosomes could induce the proliferation, migration, and secretion of ADFs. We discovered that after treatment of exosomes, the Notch signaling pathway was activated. Then, we found that in FDMSC exosomes, the ligands of the Notch pathway were undetectable expect for Jagged 1, and the results of Jagged 1 mimic by peptide and knockdown by siRNA suggested that Jagged 1 may lead the activation of the Notch signal in ADFs. Collectively, our findings indicated that the FDMSC exosomes may promote wound healing by activating the ADF cell motility and secretion ability via the Notch signaling pathway, providing new aspects for the therapeutic strategy of FDMSC-derived exosomes for the treatment of skin wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • SC/NiFe 2 S 4 was synthesized to activate PMS to degrade CBZ. • Both free-radical and non-radical pathways contributed to CBZ degradation. • S2− acted as an electron donor to facilitate the redox cycle of metal ions. • SC/NiFe 2 S 4 performed excellent catalytic performance and stability. In this study, novel Semi-coke-modified NiFe 2 S 4 nanocomposites with different mass ratios are successfully prepared by hydrothermal method to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ) in water. The factors affecting the degradation of CBZ, such as initial solution pH, PMS and catalyst dosage, inorganic anions, and humic acid (HA) are investigated. The possible PMS activation mechanism and CBZ possible degradation pathways are also explored. The results show that the performance of SCNF-0.5/PMS (mass ratio of SC:NiFe 2 S 4 = 1:2) is better than that of monomeric NiFe 2 S 4 and semi-coke (SC). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer, and free radical quenching experiments show that both non-radical (1O 2 and O v) and free radical pathways (SO 4 − and OH) may be responsible for the degradation of CBZ, but 1O 2 is dominant active species. S2− promotes the Ni2+/Ni3+, Fe2+/Fe3+ cycle to ensure the stable performance of the catalyst, and the oxygen vacancies (O v) in the SC act synergistically with the catalyst to promote the degradation of CBZ. This study may provide new insights into the degradation of antibiotics in water by modifying stable bimetallic sulfide to activate PMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relatively poor lifespan caused by the formation of passivation film on a Mg anode in conventional electrolytes greatly hinders the rejuvenation of magnesium ion batteries (MIBs). Therefore, it is urgent to develop novel and alternative anode materials. Noteworthy, Na 2 Li 2 Ti 6 O 14 (NLTO) was synthesized through sol-gel method as an anode material of MIBs for the first time. Small particle size and abundant porous structure not only short ion diffusion path but also promote electrolyte permeation. Significantly, NLTO shows well electrochemical properties including long cycle life (over 300 cycles), high Coulombic efficiency and superior rate performance (91% capacity recovery rate). Furthermore, the ex-situ characterization results demonstrate that NLTO in MIBs depends on Li+ insertion/extraction to provide capacity, and it owns favorable structural reversibility and stability during cycling. • Na 2 Li 2 Ti 6 O 14 is composed of smaller particles with abundant pores. • Na 2 Li 2 Ti 6 O 14 facilitates electron/Li+diffusion, improves electrochemical performance. • Na 2 Li 2 Ti 6 O 14 accomplishes long serving life as an anode for magnesium ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dwarf surfclam Mulinia lateralis is widely considered a model species in bivalves because of its small size and short generation. An efficient culture system is necessary to continuously obtain enough high quality larvae for genetic research. In the present study, the impacts of microalgae diets and stocking density on larval growth, survival and metamorphosis were investigated to optimize the culture system for M. lateralis. Six of seven tested microalgae were ingested by 2 to 10-day-old larvae, including Isochrysis galbana (IG), Chlorella pyrenoidesa (CP), Nitzschia closterium (NC), Platymonas helgolandica (PH), Chaetoceros muelleri (CM) and Pyramimonas delicatula (PD). The exception was Dunaliella salina (DS), which was not ingested by larvae during the experimental period. This results indicated the larvae could ingest microalgae with larger size as larvae develop. The time needed for digestion gradually decreased as the larvae develop. According to the growth, survival and metamorphosis of larvae after feeding with different microalgae diets, the optimal diets were a single diet of IG for D-shaped larvae, mixed diets of IG + PH at a 1:1 ratio by cell density for umbo larvae and IG + NC + PH at a 1:1:1 ratio by cell density for pediveliger larvae. The better microalgae concentration was 2.4–3.6 × 103 cells mL−1 for D-shaped larvae, 6.0–12 × 103 cells mL−1 for umbo larvae, and 30–40 × 103 cells mL−1 for pediveliger larvae. In addition, the better density of D-shaped larvae was ≤9 larvae mL−1, the density of umbo larvae was ≤7 larvae mL−1, and the density of pediveliger larvae was ≤5 larvae mL−1. In conclusion, ingestion and digestion of microalgae, microalgae combination, microalgae concentration and stocking density significantly affected growth, survival, and metamorphosis of M. lateralis larvae. The optimized conditions will be of great significance for establishing a standard culture system for M. lateralis. • The effects of microalgae diets and stocking density on larval performance was assessed in Dwarf Surfclam Mulinia lateralis • Six microalgae were ingested and digested, and the time needed for digestion gradually decreased as larvae develop • The optimal diets and stocking density were designed for D-shaped larvae, umbo larvae and pediveliger larvae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigation on the thermal stability of the modified surface microstructure on WC-Co cemented carbide after high current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) irradiation was carried out. Microstructural analysis showed that the micro-WC grains were melted and a compact microstructure was formed in the surface layer. Nano-grained cubic phase WC 1-x was identified as the predominant phase in the modified layer, resulted from HCPEB-induced superfast heating, melting and re-solidification cycles. The modified specimens were subjected to annealing process at varied temperatures in an Ar ambience for 1 h. Post-annealing microstructural inspection results revealed that the modified microstructure was stable when the annealing temperature did not exceed 500 °C. When the annealing temperature was elevated to 600–700 °C, the cubic phase WC 1-x gradually transferred into two hexagonal phases, WC and W 2 C. Further elevating the annealing temperature up to 900 °C, significant amount of ternary phases, Co 6 W 6 C and Co 2 W 4 C, formed in the surface layer. The evaluation of surface microhardness indicated a strengthening effect of the annealing on the modified microstructure. The maximum microhardness (2530 HV) was obtained after annealing at 700 °C. Image 1 • Remelted surface layer with mainly nano- WC 1-x was induced by HCPEB irradiation. • Thermal stability of the modified surface microstructure was first studied. • HCPEB-induced nano-WC 1-x remained stable after annealing below 500 °C. • The irradiated surface can be further strengthened by proper annealing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work showed the preparation of gold (Au NPs) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using aqueous leaf extract of Clinacanthus nutans Lindau (C. Lindau). The prepared NPs were studied using various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, which confirmed the formation of crystalline Ag NPs, Au NPs that are stabilized with C. Lindau extract polyphenols. The prepared Au NPs and Ag NPs are studied to assess their comparative analgesic and muscle relaxant activities conducted on BALB/c mice. The muscle relaxant studies displayed that Ag NPs were comparatively higher efficient than Au NPs and methanolic C. Lindau extract in traction examination. Additionally, the analgesic studies exhibited that Ag NPs, Au NPs showed maximum percentage reduction in acetic acid induced writhing at the concentrations of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight. Further, these results conclude that as prepared Au NPs and Ag NPs prepared from C. Lindau leaf extract demonstrated very good analgesic and muscle relaxant activities for the use of pain management in nursing care. Unlabelled Image • C. Lindau leaf extract mediated AgNPs, AuNPs • Comparative muscle relaxant and analgesic activity of NPs • Significant muscle relaxant and analgesic activity effect of AuNPs, AgNPs [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]