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Although several studies have addressed the relations between perceived parental warmth and social behaviours, few have distinguished their between‐ and within‐person effects or explored their within‐person mediating mechanisms. This study examined the transactional relations among perceived parental warmth (i.e. maternal warmth and paternal warmth), children's self‐esteem and children's positive/negative social behaviours (i.e. prosocial behaviour and delinquent behaviour) along with the mediating role of self‐esteem after disentangling between‐ and within‐person effects. A total of 4315 Chinese elementary children (44.9% girls; Mage = 9.93 years, SD = 0.73) completed relevant measures on four occasions employing 6‐month intervals. Results of random‐intercept cross‐lagged panel models showed that (a) perceived parental warmth reciprocally and positively predicted prosocial behaviour and self‐esteem; (b) perceived paternal warmth reciprocally and negatively predicted delinquent behaviour; (c) self‐esteem reciprocally predicted prosocial and delinquent behaviour; (d) perceived maternal warmth reciprocally and positively predicted prosocial behaviour through self‐esteem; (e) perceived parental warmth reciprocally and negatively predicted delinquent behaviour through self‐esteem; and (f) perceived maternal and paternal warmth differed in their relations with prosocial and delinquent behaviours through self‐esteem. These findings illuminated the complicated longitudinal within‐person interactions among perceived parental warmth, self‐esteem, and social behaviours, the specific mediating mechanism of self‐esteem, and the differing results associated with perceived maternal and paternal warmth, all of which yield significant implications for assessments and early interventions aimed to promote positive social behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, indium tin oxide/silver indium/indium tin oxide (ITO/AgIn/ITO) composite films were deposited on glass substrates by magnetron sputtering. The effects of the sputtering temperature on the optical and electrical properties of the composite films were systematically investigated. The ITO/AgIn/ITO composite films deposited at sputtering temperatures of 25 °C and 100 °C demonstrated a high reflectivity of 95.3% at 550 nm and a resistivity of about 6.8–7.3 μΩ·cm. As the sputtering temperature increased, the reflectivity decreased and the resistivity increased slightly. The close connection between microstructure and surface morphology and the optical and electrical properties of the composite films was further illustrated by scanning electron microscopy imaging and atomic force microscopy imaging. It is shown that the ITO/AgIn/ITO thin films have a promising application for high-reflectivity anodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 7075 aluminum alloys with 0%, 0.2% and 0.4% Er were subjected to micro-arc oxidation under the same parameters. The surface morphology and the phases of the oxide coating were analyzed using SEM and XRD respectively. The micro-hardness, thickness and corrosion resistance of the oxide coating were also studied simultaneously. The results show that the micro-arc oxidation coating of 7075 aluminum alloy with different Er contents is composed of gamma-Al2O3 phase. With the increase of Er content, the peak of γ-Al2O3 phase is enhanced. Er enters the oxide coating with the form of Al17Er2, which is an unbalanced phase after micro-arc action. With the increase of Er content, the surface roughness of oxide coating decreases firstly and then increases. When Er content is 0.2%, the surface deposit is fine and uniform, the diameter of pore is small, and the roughness is the lowest. As the Er content increases from 0% to 0.4%, the micro-hardness and thickness of the oxide coating also increases, and then the corrosion resistance increases significantly. Consequently, the self-corrosion current density decreases from 4.280x10-6 A/cm² to 2.405x10-9 A/cm². [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Explores the enantioselectivities of various substituted 4-pentenals with two chiral rhodium diphosphine catalysts. Use of methylene chloride and acetone solutions; Preparation of specimens.

Drought and soil salinization are threatening maize production in Northwest China, and climate change is exacerbating water shortages. The objective of this study is to explore the mechanisms underlying spring maize yield and water use efficiency under water deficit and salt stress, to coordinate water conservation and maize production. A three-year field trial was conducted with two water levels (full irrigation and deficit irrigation) and two salt levels (0.65‰ and 2‰) using two maize genotypes (ZD958 and XY335). Leaf area, leaf photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation, floret number, grain abortion, ear characteristics and water use efficiency were evaluated. Water, salt and their combined stress significantly decreased the grain yield by 7.3%, 20.5%, and 38.7%, respectively, 93.6% of which was explained by grain number depending on spikelet differentiation. Grain abortion was identified as the primary reason for maize yield reduction under water and salt stress. The reduction in total biomass, rather than biomass allocation suppressed spikelet differentiation under water and salt stress. Water or salt single stress improved water use efficiency (3.7%–17.5%) by reducing evaporation compared with no stress. Furthermore, water and salt combined stress significantly decreased maize productivity leading to reduction in water use efficiency. Taken together, reducing grain abortion to maintain grain number is the key to alleviate maize yield loss and improve water use efficiency under water and salt stress. • Water and salt stress reduce maize yield via the reduction in grain number. • Biomass accumulation rather than allocation is crucial for spikelet differentiation. • Reduction in evaporation more than yield enhances WUE under single stress. Keywords [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although both preclinical and clinical studies have shown the great application potential of MSCs (mesenchymal stem/stromal cells) in treating many kinds of diseases, therapeutic inconsistency resulting from cell heterogeneity is the major stumbling block to their clinical applications. Cell population diversity and batch variation in the cell expansion medium are two major inducers of MSC heterogeneity. Methods: Cell population diversity was investigated through single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of human MSCs derived from the umbilical cord and expanded with fully chemically defined medium in the current study. Then, the MSC subpopulation with enhanced anti-inflammatory effects was studied in vitro and in vivo. Results: Our data showed that MSCs contain different populations with different functions, including subpopulations with enhanced functions of exosome secretion, extracellular matrix modification and responses to stimuli (regeneration and immune response). Among them, CD317+ MSCs have improved differentiation capabilities and enhanced immune suppression activities. Underlying mechanism studies showed that higher levels of TSG6 confer enhanced anti-inflammatory functions of CD317+ MSCs. Conclusions: Thus, CD317+ MSCs might be a promising candidate for treating immunological disorder-related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most predominant type of cardiovascular diseases with high mortality and morbidity. Stem cell therapy, especially cardiac progenitor cell therapy, has been proposed as a promising approach for cardiac regeneration and MI treatment. Previously, we have successfully generated cardiac progenitor‐like cells, induced cardiosphere (iCS), via somatic reprogramming. However, the genome integration characteristic of virus‐based reprogramming approach hampered their therapeutic applications due to the risk of tumour formation. In the current study, we aim to establish a safer iCS generation strategy with transgene‐free approaches. Materials and Methods: Four transgene‐free approaches for somatic reprogramming, including episome, minicircle, self‐replicative RNA, and sendai virus, were compared, from the perspective of cardiac progenitor marker expression, iCS formation, and cardiac differentiation. The therapeutic effects were assessed in the mouse model of MI, from the perspective of survival rate, cardiac function, and structural alterations. Results: The self‐replicative RNA approach produced more iCS, which had cardiomyocyte differentiation ability and therapeutic effects on the mouse model of MI with comparable levels with endogenous cardiospheres and iCS generated with retrovirus. In addition, the CXCR4 (C‐X‐C chemokine receptor 4) positive subpopulation of iCS derived cells (iCSDC) delivered by intravenous injection was found to have similar therapeutic effects with intramyocardial injection on the mouse model of MI, representing a safer delivery approach. Conclusion: Thus, the optimized strategy for iCS generation is safer and has more therapeutic potentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1), a double-stranded RNA-editing enzyme that converts adenosine (A) to inosine (I), has been identified as a modulator of immune responses. However, the role of ADAR1 in small intestinal homeostasis during sepsis remains unclear. In this study, we examined the role of ADAR1 on intestinal inflammation in a murine model of sepsis. We found that ADAR1 was highly expressed in “septic” macrophages and small intestinal tissue of septic mice. Deletion of ADAR1 in “septic” macrophages led to rapid apoptosis. In addition, suppression of ADAR1 in “septic” macrophages significantly enhanced inflammation, while over-expression of ADAR1 significantly suppressed the level of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, suppression of ADAR1 in septic mice significantly enhanced inflammation and intestinal damage, while enhanced ADAR1 expression resulted in reduced damage and inflammation. Finally, over-expression of ADAR1 improved survival of septic mice. In conclusion, we have identified a novel ADAR1 protective effect for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Our findings may provide a new targeted therapy for sepsis treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]