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Background: Sociosexuality—attitudes, behaviors, and desires related to casual sex—partly predicts drinking behavior in both men and women because drinking is thought to facilitate interactions that lead to casual sex. It follows that sociosexuality would predict drinking intake (e.g., quantity consumed)—but perhaps not drinking consequences (e.g., blacking out)—on the premise that drinking large quantities with high frequency (but not to such high degrees/levels of intoxication that negative consequences occur) would facilitate casual sex. Objectives: This set of studies evaluated whether baseline measures of sociosexuality predict drinking intake (i.e., frequency, quantity, and binge drinking) but not experiencing blacking out at follow-up in two samples (Study 1, N = 172; Study 2, N = 1,038) of college-aged men. Results: As predicted, men's sociosexuality prospectively predicted drinking frequency, quantity, and binge drinking. Contrary to our predictions, men's sociosexuality also predicted blacking out. Conclusions: College men's drinking interventions should be tailored to high-risk groups and consider individual differences like sociosexuality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of industrial solid waste in mines is an important approach to resource utilization. The backfill material in mines is mainly composed of solid waste, which plays a supporting role. The excitation effect of lime on phosphogypsum and fly ash in backfill was studied in this paper. The macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the backfill material were tested using uniaxial compression, nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscopy, and electrochemical techniques, and a relationship model was established between them. Furthermore, the influence of industrial solid waste on the properties of the backfill material under the action of lime and the hydration mechanism between different industrial solid wastes were studied. The results show that (1) under the action of lime, fly ash reacts with lime to produce C-S-H and C-A-H, and then C-A-H reacts with phosphogypsum to produce AFt. (2) The excess phosphogypsum also fills the pores. Therefore, 1.8% lime reduces the porosity of the backfill by 17.88% and increases the strength by 21.57%. (3) The cross-scale relationship shows that strength is inversely proportional to each type of pore content and fractal dimension, and it logarithmically increases with impedance at different frequencies. The lower the frequency, the stronger the relationship is. (4) This study indicates that industrial solid waste is a suitable cement replacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is critical in the development and occurrence of gastric cancer. H. pylori secretes gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), which affects energy metabolism and histone methylation in mesenchymal stem cells. However, its effect on human gastric epithelial cells remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of GGT on energy metabolism and histone methylation in gastric epithelial cells and determine its role in the development and progression of H. pylori-induced gastric cancer. Methods: A GGT knockout H. pylori strain and mouse gastric cancer model were constructed, and alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG) was added. The underlying mechanism was investigated using proteomics, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and other experimental assays. Results: H. pylori can colonize the host's stomach and destroy the gastric epithelium. GGT secreted by H. pylori decreased the concentration of glutamine in the stomach and increased H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 expression, which promoted the proliferation and migration of gastric epithelial cells. Additionally, α-KG reversed this effect. GGT increased the tumorigenic ability of nude mice. GGT, secreted by H. pylori, promoted the expression of ribosomal protein L15 (RPL15), while GGT knockout and supplementation with α-KG and trimethylation inhibitors reduced RPL15 expression and Wnt signaling pathway expression. Conclusions: H. pylori secreted GGT decreased the expression of glutamine and α-KG in gastric epithelial cells, increased the expression of histones H3K9me3 and H3K27me3, and activated the Wnt signaling pathway through RPL15 expression, ultimately changing the biological characteristics of the gastric epithelium and promoting the occurrence of gastric cancer. Altered energy metabolism and histone hypermethylation are important factors involved in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the problem of controlling large deformation of surrounding rock in deep soft rock roadway, the distribution characteristics and deformation mechanism of surrounding rock cracks in soft rock roadway under different lateral pressure coefficients are studied using numerical simulation, theoretical analysis, and field measurement. The results show that under different lateral pressure coefficients, the range of surrounding rock cracks shows three forms: round, oval, and butterfly. No matter what lateral pressure coefficient the roadway is in, the surrounding rock cracks always appear in the plastic zone, and there is a high correlation between the surrounding rock crack range and the plastic zone. The stress characteristics of the surrounding rock in the plastic zone include two main aspects. One is that the direction of the principal stress of the surrounding rock is deflected, which is manifested as an annular distribution of the direction of the maximum principal stress around the roadway. The direction of the minimum principal stress in the upper part of the roadway points to the center of the roadway, and the direction of the minimum principal stress in the lower part of the roadway deviates from the center of the roadway. Second, the ratio of the maximum to minimum principal stress in the surrounding rock is large. Under this stress characteristic, the surrounding rock in the plastic zone has strong shear dilation. The shear dilation makes the crack of the surrounding rock open so that the surrounding rock is squeezed into the roadway space, and then the roadway produces large deformation. Due to the large range of cracks in the butterfly‐shaped plastic zone, the shear dilation deformation produced by the butterfly‐shaped plastic zone is far more than that of the round/oval plastic zone. According to the crack range of roadway surrounding rock under different lateral pressure coefficients, the corresponding support scheme is put forward. Field experiments show that the support scheme can effectively control the deformation of surrounding rock and meet the requirements of roadway use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advancement of coal resources mining to the deep part, the control of the surrounding rock of the roadway has become one of the main problems in the field of mining. At the present stage, the bolt support technology of the roadway in China still faces problems such as unclear support mechanism and poor support effect. Based on the mechanism of bolt support, through theoretical analysis and experimental research, this study proposes the differentiated support technology for roadways based on the mechanical response of the plastic zone and applies this method in the Gada Coal Mine. The results of the study showed that the plastic zones with different shapes have different mechanical responses. compared with other plastic zone shapes, the control method of the roadway with a butterfly‐shaped plastic zone is more complex. Consequently, the support design of a bolt should not only consider the scope of the plastic zone of support construction but also grasp the development law of the plastic zone. Effective support measures should be taken as early as possible for roadways with butterfly‐shaped plastic zones to prevent aggressive development of the butterfly‐shaped plastic zone. Field tests show that this support method realizes the ideal supporting effect in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subway vehicle roofs must be inspected when entering and exiting the depot to ensure safe subway vehicle operations. This paper presents an improved method for detecting foreign objects on subway vehicle roofs based on the YOLOv7 algorithm. First, we capture images of foreign objects using a line-scan camera at the depot entrance and exit, creating a dataset of foreign roof objects. Subsequently, we address the shortcomings of the YOLOv7 algorithm by introducing the Ghost module, an improved weighted bidirectional feature pyramid network (WBiFPN), and the Wise intersection over union (WIoU) bounding-box regression loss function. These enhancements are incorporated to build the subway vehicle roof foreign object detection model based on the improved YOLOv7, which we refer to as YOLOv7-GBW. The experimental results demonstrate the practicality and usability of the proposed method. The analysis of the experimental results indicates that the YOLOv7-GBW algorithm achieves a detection accuracy of 90.29% at a speed of 54.3 frames per second (fps) with a parameter count of 15.51 million. The improved YOLOv7 model outperforms mainstream detection algorithms in terms of detection accuracy, speed, and parameter count. This finding confirms that the proposed method meets the requirements for detecting foreign objects on subway vehicle roofs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-native second language (NNL2) teachers' perceived L2 proficiency loss is a widespread, yet largely underrepresented phenomenon. This study used a sample of 969 Chinese secondary school non-native English teachers (91.6% female, Mage = 37.18, SD = 9.45) to examine their decremental beliefs toward English language proficiency within the framework of mindsets. Both variable-centered and person-centered approaches were adopted to perform data analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis provided validity evidence for the decremental mindset construct. Latent profile analysis categorized the participants into three groups: low decremental mindset, moderate decremental mindset, and moderate-high decremental mindset teachers. Multi-group structural equation modeling demonstrated that the direct effect of a decremental mindset on effort beliefs about English language ability loss was evident across the three groups, whereas only the decremental mindset of certain moderate-high decremental mindset teachers could lead to prevention-focused motivation. As an early attempt to examine people's decremental beliefs toward language ability, this study extends existing research on language mindsets and provides a new perspective for the analysis of NNL2 teachers' perceived L2 proficiency loss. Practical implications for NNL2 teacher educators and administrators are discussed on the basis of the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The isothermal hot deformation behavior in the ranges of 1023–1473 K (750–1200 °C) and 0.001–10 s−1 for 0.53 wt% N‐bearing Mn18Cr18N steel is studied with a Gleeble‐3500 thermomechanical simulator. The results indicate that the peak stress decreases with decreasing strain rate and increasing temperature. The calculated deformation activation energy of the experimental steel is 449.118 kJ mol−1 by regression analysis. At the same time, 3D processing maps are established based on experimental data and the principles of the dynamic materials model. The domain of stable deformation gradually expands with the increase in strain, while the instability region shrinks accordingly. From the microstructure of specimens and the processing maps established, it is clear that dynamic recrystallization emerges in the peak power dissipation efficiency domain, 1000–1150 °C/0.002–0.1 s−1, which is the optimum region of hot working of the steel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual harassment is a common, yet understudied form of peer victimization experienced by adolescents during a critical period in the development of sexual identity. Adverse sexual experiences early in life (e.g., child sexual abuse) can increase risk of future sexual assault victimization; however, it is unclear as to whether sexual harassment victimization is also a risk factor for sexual assault. We examined the prospective association between peer sexual harassment and experiencing sexual victimization in the following year among a community sample of 13–15-year-old adolescents (N = 800, 57% female) from the northeastern USA. We also examined whether risky alcohol use and delinquency mediated the association between sexual harassment and sexual assault victimization, as well as whether the paths differed by gender. Results indicated that sexual harassment victimization prospectively predicted later sexual victimization for both girls and boys. Using a parallel mediation path model, we determined that for girls, sexual harassment victimization predicted both risky alcohol use and delinquency, but only risky alcohol use was predictive of sexual victimization. For boys, sexual harassment victimization predicted delinquency but not risky alcohol use. Risky alcohol use was not associated with sexual victimization for boys. Findings indicate that sexual harassment victimization increases risk of later sexual victimization in adolescence, but the pathways differ by gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has been shown to have some therapeutic effects in rodent models and patients with IBD; however, its role in colon tumor models is controversial. In this study, the potential role and mechanisms of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) in colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) were investigated. Methods: The CAC mouse model was established with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The mice were administered an intraperitoneal injection of MSCs once weekly for different periods. The progression of CAC and the cytokine expression in tissues was assessed. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect MSCs localization. Levels of immune cells in the spleen and lamina propria of the colon were detected using flow cytometry. A co-culture of MSCs and naïve T cells was performed to determine the effect of MSCs on naïve T cell differentiation. Results: Early administration of MSCs inhibited the occurrence of CAC, while late administration promoted the progression of CAC. The inhibitory effect of early injection in mice was characterized by the expression of inflammatory cytokines in colon tissue was decreased, and induction of T regulatory cells (Tregs) infiltration via TGF-β. The promotive effect of late injection was characterized by a shift of T helper (Th) 1/Th2 immune balance toward a Th2 phenotype through IL-4 secretion. IL-12 can reverse this shift to Th2 accumulation in mice. Conclusion: MSCs can curb the progression of colon cancer by inducing Treg accumulation via TGF-β at the early stage of inflammatory transformation but promote the progression of colon cancer by inducing a shift in Th1/Th2 immune balance to Th2 through IL-4 secretion at the late stage. And the immune balance of Th1/Th2 influenced by MSCs could be reversed by IL-12. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flow stress curves of Fe‐31.7Mn‐11.5Al‐0.9C low‐density steel are obtained by a hot‐compression test with a Gleeble‐3500 thermomechanical simulator. It is shown in the results that the dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) of δ‐ferrite occur preferentially under the same deformation condition, inducing a "yield point‐like" phenomenon in the true stress–strain curves. The Zener–Hollomon parameter is introduced to fit the characteristic parameters used to establish the flow stress model according to Arrhenius hyperbolic sine relationship and Avrami equation, and the DRX activation energy of austenite is 414.12 KJ mol−1. The hot‐processing maps at different true strains are simulated based on the dynamic material model to determine the suitable hot‐rolling process and the optimal hot‐working process selection of high strain rate and high deformation temperature combination, 1100–950 °C/1–0.2 s−1, is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Our previous study showed that fucosyltransferase 2 (Fut2) deficiency is closely related to colitis. Colitis increases the risk for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of action of Fut2 in CRC. Methods: Intestinal epithelium-specific Fut2 knockout (Fut2△IEC) mice were used in this study. CRC was induced using azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Immunofluorescence was used to examine the fucosylation levels. Proteomics and N-glycoproteomics analyses, Ulex Europaeus Agglutinin I (UEA-I) affinity chromatography, immunoprecipitation, and rescue assay were used to investigate the mechanism of Fut2 in CRC. Results: The expression of Fut2 and α-1,2-fucosylation was lower in colorectal tumor tissues than in the adjacent normal tissues of AOM/DSS-induced CRC mice. More colorectal tumors were detected in Fut2△IEC mice than in control mice, and significant downregulation of melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM) fucosylation was detected in the colorectal tumor tissues of Fut2△IEC mice. Overexpression of Fut2 inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and tumor metastasis in vivo and in vitro in SW480 and HCT116 cells. Moreover, fucosylation of MCAM may be a mediator of Fut2 in CRC. Peracetylated 2-F-Fuc, a fucosyltransferase inhibitor, repressed fucosylation modification of MCAM and reversed the inhibitory effects of Fut2 overexpression on SW480 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Our results indicate that Fut2 deficiency in the intestinal epithelium promotes CRC by downregulating the fucosylation of MCAM. Conclusions: The regulation of fucosylation may be an potential therapy for CRC, especially in patients with Fut2 gene defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanostructures made entirely of DNAs display great potential as chemotherapeutic drug carriers but so far cannot achieve sufficient clinic therapy outcomes due to off‐target toxicity. In this contribution, an aptamer‐embedded hierarchical DNA nanocluster (Apt‐eNC) is constructed as an intelligent carrier for cancer‐targeted drug delivery. Specifically, Apt‐eNC is designed to have a built‐in reserve pool in the interior cavity from which aptamers may move outward to function as needed. When surface aptamers are degraded, ones in reserve pool can move outward to offer the compensation, thereby magically preserving tumor‐targeting performance in vivo. Even if withstanding extensive aptamer depletion, Apt‐eNC displays a 115‐fold enhanced cell targeting compared with traditional counterparts and at least 60‐fold improved tumor accumulation. Moreover, one Apt‐eNC accommodates 5670 chemotherapeutic agents. As such, when systemically administrated into HeLa tumor‐bearing BALB/c nude mouse model, drug‐loaded Apt‐eNC significantly inhibits tumor growth without systemic toxicity, holding great promise for high precision therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accumulation of polyethylene microplastic (PE-MPs) in soil can significantly impact plant quality and yield, as well as affect human health and food chain cycles. Therefore, developing rapid and effective detection methods is crucial. In this study, traditional machine learning (ML) and H2O automated machine learning (H2O AutoML) were utilized to offer a powerful framework for detecting PE-MPs (0.1 %, 1 %, and 2 % by dry soil weight) and the co-contamination of PE-MPs and fomesafen (a common herbicide) in soil. The development of the framework was based on the results of the metabolic reprogramming of soybean plants. Our study stated that traditional ML exhibits lower accuracy due to the challenges associated with optimizing complex parameters. H2O AutoML can accurately distinguish between clean soil and contaminated soil. Notably, H2O AutoML can detect PE-MPs as low as 0.1 % (with 100 % accuracy) and co-contamination of PE-MPs and fomesafen (with 90 % accuracy) in soil. The VIP and SHAP analyses of the H2O AutoML showed that PE-MPs and the co-contamination of PE-MPs and fomesafen significantly interfered with the antioxidant system and energy regulation of soybean. We hope this study can provide a reliable scientific basis for sustainable development of the environment. [Display omitted] • A novel metabolic reprogramming method coupled with automated machine learning tools was established. • H2O AutoML can detect PE-MPs as low as 0.1 % with 100 % accuracy. • The co-contamination of PE-MPs and fomesafen in soil was distinguished with 90 % accuracy. • Antioxidant system and energy regulation were regulated to respond the stress of MPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As terahertz (THz) technology advances, the interaction between THz radiation and the living body, particularly its effects on the immune system, has attracted extensive attention but remains poorly understood. This study firstly elucidated that exposure to 3 THz-FEL radiation markedly suppressed contact hypersensitivity reactions in mice induced by DNFB, as evidenced by a reduction in ear thickness and a discernible recovery in the Th1/Th2 cell balance. 3 THz irradiation led to cellular stress in the irradiated skin locale, increasing the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 and modulating the activity and migration of dendritic cells and mast cells. Furthermore, THz irradiation precipitated a rapid alteration in the skin lipidome, altering several categories of bioactive lipids. These findings offer new insights into the immunomodulatory effects of THz radiation on living organisms and the potential underlying mechanisms, with implications for the development of therapeutic approaches in managing skin allergic diseases. [Display omitted] • 3 THz irradiation suppresses contact hypersensitivity reactions in mice. • 3 THz exposure recovers Th1/Th2 balance, increasing IL-4 and IL-10 levels. • 3 THz irradiation modulates dendritic and mast cell activation status. • Lipid metabolism changes involve in 3 THz induced immune tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An innovative modular assembly structure (MAS) with the inspiration of the assembly of building blocks is proposed. • Multiple MASs are obtained through the assembly of oblique cross cells, and the effect of compression direction on the energy absorption capacity of MASs is discussed. • Quadrilateral, pentagonal, and hexagonal cells are used to obtain more MASs, and the compression performance of these MASs is evaluated by varying structural parameters. Inspired by the assembly of building blocks, an innovative modular assembly structure (MAS) is proposed. With its modular design and versatility, MAS can be tailored to diverse working environments and task requirements. A prototype MAS is generated through three-dimensional (3D) printing, and subsequent compression tests consistently display energy absorption performance akin to a finite element model, affirming the validity of the simulations. Multiple MASs are obtained through the assembly of oblique cross cells, and the effect of compression direction on the energy absorption capacity of MASs is discussed. It is found that transverse compression outperforms longitudinal compression in energy absorption, and MAS with four cells and transverse loading demonstrates the highest specific energy absorption (SEA) value. Furthermore, quadrilateral, pentagonal, and hexagonal cells are proposed to obtain more MASs, and the compression performance of these MASs is evaluated by varying the frame structure thickness d and supporting structure thickness j of cells. Results highlight the superior energy absorption efficiency of the pentagonal element structure. Notably, parameter d has a more pronounced impact on energy absorption compared with parameter j. When j is 2.0 mm and d increases from 1.0 mm to 2.0 mm, the SEA values of quadrilateral, pentagonal, and hexagonal MASs increase by 113.70, 139.45, and 86.25 J/kg. In summary, MASs exhibit impressive energy absorption capabilities, promising versatile applications in energy absorption and anti-collision mechanisms across various scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A 2.1 µm miniaturized narrow linewidth self-optical parametric oscillator based on Nd:MgO:PPLN crystal is realized. • When inserting the F-P etalon with a thickness of 2.5 mm, the linewidth of 2168 nm laser is narrowed from 67.53 nm to 2.23 nm, and the degenerate light beam quality M2 < 2. • Narrow linewidth 2.1 µm degenerate light output power is 0.65 W, corresponding pulse repetition rate is 60 kHz, the pulse width is 7.77 ns. We report a 2.1 µm miniaturized narrow linewidth self-optical parametric oscillator (SOPO) based on Nd:MgO:PPLN crystal. We attained 2.1 µm narrow linewidth laser output by incorporating an Fabry-Perot (F-P) etalon into the SOPO. By controlling the crystal temperature uniformly, a stable 2.1 µm degenerate light output is obtained at 71 °C. Finally, when inserting the F-P etalon with a thickness of 2.5 mm, a maximum average output power of 0.65 W is obtained, corresponding pulse repetition rate is 60 kHz, the pulse width is 7.77 ns, the degenerate light beam quality M2 < 2. And the linewidth of 2168 nm laser is narrowed from 67.53 nm to 2.23 nm. It is proved by experiments that adding F-P etalon to the SOPO can narrow the linewidth of the 2.1 μm laser and optimize the beam quality. These findings provide technical support for the realization and application of narrow linewidth 2.1 µm laser, which is great significance for the further development of related fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Peer sexual harassment is associated with adolescent substance use at the global level; however, it is unknown whether substance use occurs proximal in time to the sexual harassment experience. This study used daily reports to examine the proximal relations between sexual harassment victimization and affect and substance use. Based on theories of self-medication, we hypothesized that negative affect and substance use (cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana) would be higher than typical on days when sexual harassment occurred relative to nonvictimization days.Method: A community sample of 13-16-year-old adolescents (N = 204, 55.4% female) from a metropolitan area in the northeastern United States completed 56 days of online reports assessing experiences with peer sexual harassment, substance use (cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana), and positive and negative affect.Results: Multilevel modeling revealed that experiencing sexual harassment on a given day was associated with higher than typical negative affect on that day, relative to nonvictimization days. The likelihood of cigarette and alcohol use (but not electronic cigarettes, marijuana, or positive affect) was greater on days when sexual harassment occurred.Conclusion: Sexual harassment victimization is proximally associated with negative affect and alcohol and cigarette use, suggesting that adolescents may be using substances to cope with sexual harassment victimization. The co-occurrence of sexual harassment with negative affect and substance use points to the need for prevention efforts that conjointly address sexual harassment victimization, coping, and substance use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the development of a novel hydraulic robotic actuator is introduced. With the use of additive manufacturing (AM), lightweight and compact design can be achieved. A high load-to-weight ratio 3-DOF robot actuator with orthogonally connected hydraulic rotary cylinders is designed for AM. To validate the feasibility, a titanium hydraulic robot actuator is prototyped by using the metal powder bed fusion (M-PBF) AM process. A set of loading experiments are conducted on the AM-printed prototype. The study shows that system-level AM design and manufacturing methods can help gain increased output torque but with reduced weight and volume. With the use of hydraulic driving, the robotic actuator is more compact and solid to resist to tough environments as compared with the traditional actuators using electric motors. This study also implies the potential wide application of AM to design and print similar hydraulic link mechanism in heavy-duty robot or mobile humanoid robot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous miniaturization of semiconductor devices is the key to boosting modern electronics development. However, this downscaling strategy has been rarely utilized in photoelectronics and photovoltaics. Here, in this work, a full‐van der Waals (vdWs) 1D p‐Te/2D n‐Bi2O2Se heterodiode with a rationally designed nanoscale ultra‐photosensitive channel is reported. Enabled by the dangling bond‐free mixed‐dimensional vdWs integration, the Te/Bi2O2Se type‐II diodes show a high rectification ratio of 3.6 × 104. Operating with 100 mV reverse bias or in a self‐power mode, the photodiodes demonstrate excellent photodetection performances, including high responsivities of 130 A W−1 (100 mV bias) and 768.8 mA W−1 (self‐power mode), surpassing most of the reports of other heterostructures. More importantly, a superlinear photoelectric conversion phenomenon is uncovered in these nanoscale full‐vdWs photodiodes, in which a model based on the in‐gap trap‐assisted recombination is proposed for this superlinearity. All these results provide valuable insights in light–matter interactions for further performance enhancement of photoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of highly efficacious exogenous fibre degradation enzymes can enhance efficiency of dietary fibre utilization and sustainability of global pork production. The objectives of this study were to investigate in vitro stability for two processive endoglucanases, referred to as GH5-tCel5A1 and GH5-p4818Cel5_2A that were overexpressed in CLEARCOLIBL21(DE3). Three-dimensional models predicted presence of Cys residues on the catalytic site surfaces of GH5-tCel5A1 and GH5-p4818Cel5_2A; and time course experimental results shown that both cellulases were susceptible to auto-oxidation by airborne O2 and were unstable. Furthermore, we examined these endoglucanases' stability under the mimicked in vitro porcine gastric and the small intestinal pH and proteases' conditions. Eadie-Hofstee inhibition kinetic analyses showed that GH5-tCel5A1 and GH5-p4818Cel5_2A respectively lost 18 and 68% of their initial activities after 2-h incubations under the gastric conditions and then lost more than 90% of their initial activities after 2–3 h of incubations under the small intestinal conditions. Therefore, further enzyme protein engineering to improve resistance and alternatively post-fermentation enzyme processing such as coating to bypass the gastric-small intestinal environment will be required to enable these two processive endoglucanases as efficacious exogenous fibre enzymes in pig nutrition application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mollusks have recently received increasing attention because of their unique immune systems. Mollusks such as Amphioctopus fangsiao are economically important cephalopods, and the effects of their egg-protecting behavior on the larval immune response are unclear. Meanwhile, little research has been done on the resistance response of cephalopod larvae infected with pathogenic bacteria such as Vibrio anguillarum. In this study, V. anguillarum was used to infect the primary hatching A. fangsiao larvae under different egg-protecting behaviors for 24 h, and a total of 7156 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at four time points after hatching based on transcriptome analysis. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that multiple immune-related GO terms and KEGG signaling pathways were enriched. Protein–protein interaction networks (PPI networks) were used to search functional relationships between immune-related DEGs. Finally, 20 hub genes related to multiple gene functions or involved in multiple signaling pathways were identified, and their accuracy was verified using quantitative RT-PCR. PPI networks were first used to study the effects A. fangsiao larvae after infection with V. anguillarum under different egg-protecting behaviors. The results provide significant genetic resources for exploring invertebrate larval immune processes. The data lays a foundation for further study the immune response mechanisms for invertebrates after infection. • This study integrates protein-protein interaction network into transcriptome analysis for the first time in cephalopods. • The result lays a function for further exploring invertebrate egg-protecting behavior at the molecular level. • It provides valuable gene resources for further study of the immune responses in pathogen-infected invertebrate larvae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autotetraploid Crassostrea gigas plays an important role in C. gigas artificial breeding because of their ability to stably produce triploid C. gigas with a fast growth rate, delicious meat, and abundant nutrients. There is an urgent need for autotetraploid C. gigas germplasm preservation and genetic improvement methods to ensure the sustainable development of the autotetraploid population. Recently, genomic selection (GS) has been widely applied in autotetraploid plants, significantly shortening the breeding cycle and promoting genetic improvement, but it has not been applied to autotetraploid C. gigas. This study is the first to apply GS methods for genomic prediction of five growth traits (e.g., shell length, shell height, shell width, total weight, and soft tissue weight) in autotetraploid C. gigas real dataset using whole-genome resequencing. Compared to diploid C. gigas , the optimal genotyping of whole-genome resequencing and the SNP encoding model of autotetraploid C. gigas are more complex. Thus, we investigated the SNP calling abilities of two alignment methods (e.g., BWA and Bowtie 2) and two genotyping methods (e.g., GATK and Freebayes) for whole-genome resequencing. Then, we also evaluated the ability of four potential SNP encoding models (e.g., additive, diploidized additive, simplex dominant, and duplex dominant) to estimate the heritability and genomic prediction accuracy of the growth traits in autotetraploid C. gigas , finding that the additive model was the most reliable SNP encoding model. Lastly, four linear models (e.g., Bayes A, Bayes B, Bayes C, and GBLUP), as well as one nonlinear model (e.g., RKHS), were tested to estimate the accuracy of breeding values of growth traits in autotetraploid C. gigas. Overall, GBLUP outperformed all the other four methods on C. gigas growth traits. The impact of varied SNP densities on genomic prediction accuracy was investigated as well. Our results will provide evidence that supports germplasm protection and molecular breeding in autotetraploid C. gigas. • This is the first work to study genomic prediction of growth traits in autotetraploid Crassostrea gigas through real dataset analyses. • Four potential SNP encoding models were used to estimate the heritability and genomic prediction accuracy of the five growth traits. • Four linear models, as well as one nonlinear model were evaluated in the genomic prediction of the growth traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large-scale development of household photovoltaic in rural areas increases grid operation challenges and leads to higher costs for its access to the grid. To promote self-generation and self-consumption of photovoltaic, this paper investigates methods to enhance the photovoltaic consumption potential in village microgrid. An electric vehicles orderly charging scheduling model and an energy storage configuration model are proposed respectively, solved by CPLEX tool and genetic algorithm, and the photovoltaic consumption under different charging scenarios is compared with disordered or orderly charging and with or without energy storage. The results show that electric vehicles orderly charging scheduling not only reduces the load peak-valley difference, but also increases the photovoltaic consumption, and the configuration of energy storage enhances the photovoltaic consumption potential higher than electric vehicles charging scheduling, but its investment cost is larger, and it needs to be reasonably planned for its capacity. Comprehensive analysis suggests that load management and energy storage configuration co-optimization is the optimal choice to increase photovoltaic consumption. This study verifies the potential of load management and energy storage configuration to enhance household photovoltaic consumption, which can provide an application reference for the sustainable development of household photovoltaic and village microgrid. • Orderly charging of electric vehicles with the goal of maximizing photovoltaic consumption. • Ensure overall system revenue is maximized by configuring energy storage to consume photovoltaic. • Comparing the potential of electric vehicles scheduling and configuration of energy storage for photovoltaic consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most traditional multi-view spectral clustering algorithms involve two separate steps: solving the spectral embedding matrix and clustering, which may introduce errors during the clustering process. Moreover, in practical applications, the number of available views may increase over time, and the approach of re-fusing all views in each computation would result in elevated computational costs. In this paper, we propose a novel model: One-step Incremental Multi-view Spectral Clustering based on Graph Linkage learning (OIMvSC). OIMvSC only needs to store the consensus spectral embedding matrix and the consensus label matrix of all previous views and combines them with the spectral embedding matrix of the newly available view to solve the fused consensus spectral embedding matrix and consensus label matrix. To further enhance clustering performance, OIMvSC introduces graph linkage learning, which reduces erroneous connections between clusters while preserving correct connections within clusters. A convergent iterative algorithm for solving OIMvSC is proposed. Experimental results demonstrate that OIMvSC exhibits excellent clustering performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Antioxidant properties of fermented kiwifruit extract changed during fermentation. • The typical antioxidant components were highly correlated with antioxidant ability. • Polyphenols in fermented kiwifruit extract evolved into monophenols. • Digestive environment could affect the antioxidant properties of different samples. The health benefits of fermented fruits have attracted consumers' attention. High levels of antioxidant ability in the fermented kiwifruit extract were found at the early stage of fermentation. The co-fermention with Lactobacillus paracasei LG0260 and Kluyveromyces marxianus J2853 showed the highest ABTS radical scavenging ability (ABTS⋅+-SA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Also, the typical antioxidant components of SOD activity, vitamin C concentration and total phenol content were highly correlated with ABTS⋅+-SA. Obviously, polyphenols in the fermented kiwifruit extract evolved into monophenols during fermentation. Compared to undigested samples, the activity of ABTS⋅+-SA and reducing power capacity (RP-CA) after the final intestinal digestion decreased and ranged 387.44–531.89 VCμg/mL, 650.95–981.63 VCμg/mL, respectively (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, SOD activity on the 10th day of fermentation were still remained 222.82 U/mL, 206.98 U/mL and 217.23 U/mL, respectively. These results suggested that the fermented kiwifruit extract could exhibit antioxidant activity through tolerance to the digestive environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The impact of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication on metabolism of lipid and the potential predictor of such changes remain unclear. Methods: This study retrospectively included subjects who underwent at least two 13C urea breath tests between 2015 and 2019 at Wuhan Union Hospital. Based on two H. pylori13C examination results, subjects were divided into propensity score-matched persistently negative (HPN), persistently positive (HPP), and eradication (HPE) groups. The changes in lipid measurements from before to after H. pylori eradication, including high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol, and triglycerides, were compared within and between groups. Forty-two candidate factors were tested for their ability to predict lipid metabolism changes after H. pylori eradication. Results: After propensity score matching, 3412 matched cases were analyzed. Within-group comparisons showed significantly decreased HDL (P < 0.001) and increased LDL (P < 0.001) at the second examination in both the HPE and HPP groups. Between-group comparisons showed that the HDL decrease of the HPE group was significantly larger and smaller when compared with the HPN (P = 0.001) and HPP (P = 0.004) group, respectively. Uni- and multivariate analyses showed that low diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P = 0.002) and high mean platelet volume (MPV) (P = 0.001) before eradication were associated with increased HDL after eradication. Low total protein (TP) (P < 0.001) was associated with decreased LDL after eradication. Conclusions: Compared with sustained H. pylori infectious states, H. pylori eradication alleviated the lipid metabolism deterioration but did not restore it to the uninfected level within 1.5 years after eradication. Patients with low DBP, high MPV, and low TP may reap a greater lipid-metabolism benefit from H. pylori eradication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains controversial. The exact relationship requires further investigation. This study aimed to determine the association between them in China.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 71,633 participants who underwent physical examinations. 13C urea breath test (13C-UBT) was conducted to detect H. pylori infection, and ultrasonography was used to detect NAFLD.Results: Body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), and triglyceride (TG) levels were higher in participants with H. pylori infection than in those without H. pylori infection. While the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) for participants with H. pylori infection was lower than without H. pylori infection (P < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors (age, sex, BMI, BP, Scr, BUN, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, FBG and HbA1c), multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that there was no independent relationship between them (P = 0.574). Subgroup analysis (stratified by sex, age, BMI, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia) showed that H. pylori infection was not included as an independent risk factor for NAFLD. Moreover, the different grades of NAFLD were not related to H. pylori infection.Conclusions: These results indicate that H. pylori infection is not an independent risk factor for NAFLD in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel dynamic position control (PC) approach for mobile nodes (MNs) is proposed for ocean sensor networks (OSNs) which directly utilizes a neural network to represent a PC strategy. The calculation of position estimation no longer needs to be carried out in the proposed scheme, so the localization error is eliminated. In addition, reinforcement learning is used to train the PC strategy, so that the MN can learn a more highly accurate and fast response control strategy. Moreover, to verify its applicability to the real-world environment, we conducted field experiment deployment in OSNs consisting of a MN designed by us and some fixed nodes. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed control scheme with impressive improvements on PC accuracy by more than 53% and response speed by more than 15%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To research the influence of liquid sloshing on the driving stability of high-clearance sprayers, this paper builds an equivalent liquid sloshing mechanical model and obtains the stochastic acceleration excitation of the rectangular spray tank using the Adams kinetic model, thus obtaining the relationship between the impact force, moment, and the stochastic acceleration using Fluent numerical simulation analysis. This paper makes further calculations with MATLAB/Simulink system models, and the result from comparing these two calculations shows that the equivalent strategy proposed in this paper has a better consistency. Based on the consideration of the acting forces of the additional moment due to lateral movement of the center of mass of the liquid and the dynamic pressure due to liquid sloshing in the tank, this paper builds a mathematical model of the sprayer and researches the influence of the filling ratio and vehicle velocity on the vehicle stability through stochastic acceleration excitation. The results show that, in the case of different speeds, the liquid sloshing has a small influence on the overall roll angle; in the case of different filling ratios, the liquid sloshing has a big influence on the overall roll angle, the slip angle of the center of mass, and the yaw angular velocity; the filling ratio k = 0.85 and the speed u = 1 m/s−2 m/s are safe operation parameters of the sprayer. This research provides reference solutions for the stability control and optimization problems of the high-clearance sprayer and semitrailer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small coal pillars, which are used to protect roadways, have a significant influence on mining operations and roadway stability and safety. Consequently, the optimal width of coal pillars that provides suitable performance under mining-induced stress must be determined accurately. Based on the deformation data of the surrounding rock along the gob roadway of the 13318 working face in Xieqiao Coal Mine, we analyzed the surface deformation data of the roadway and the displacement of the deep surrounding rock of the roadway under the action of mining-induced stress herein. The separation fractures of the low side of the roadway can be divided into four zones: 0–2 m, 2–5 m, 5–9 m, and 9–11 m. The absolute displacement of the surrounding rock relative to the center of the roadway in the 0–2 m zone was large, and the displacement region in the side of the roadway extended from 0 m to 11 m. The separation fractures of the high side of the roadway can be divided into three zones: 0–3 m, 3–5 m, and 5–5.5 m. The absolute displacement of the surrounding rock relative to the center of the roadway in the 0–3 m zone was large, whereas the deformation separation of the coal pillar was small. The surrounding rock in the 5–5.5 m zone also exhibited absolute displacement relative to the center of the roadway. Furthermore, the stress increased faster on the low side of the roadway than the high side; the core stress region on the high side occurred at approximately 3 m, whereas that on the low side occurred at approximately 8 m. The findings obtained herein can help determine the optimal preset width of small pillars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to analyse the impact of renewable generation and load uncertainties on the economic operation optimization of the island microgrid, a multiobjective economic optimal dispatch model under uncertainty based on interval optimization is proposed in this paper. The mathematical model of distributed generation and the prediction model of wind speed and wave generation are established. The uncertainties of renewable generation and load are described by the interval mathematical method. On this basis, the interval multiobjective optimal dispatch model is presented. For the "battery disgusting" users on the island, the battery cost is regarded as a separate optimization objective, and a multiobjective optimization objective function to minimize the economic cost, battery cost, and pollution emission of the island microgrid is discussed. An island microgrid, composed of wind turbine, photovoltaic, wave energy generation, diesel generator, and energy storage system, is chosen as a case study. The NSGA-II algorithm is applied to solve the multiobjective optimal problem. The results for deterministic forecast data and load are analysed, and the optimal operation scheme is obtained by the improved multiobjective grey target decision-making method. The influence of renewable generation fluctuations ±10%, ±20%, and ±30% and the load fluctuations ±10% and ±20% on island microgrid operation optimization is discussed in detail, respectively. The relevant research results can provide a reference for formulating the operating scheme of the island microgrid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small coal pillars, which are used to protect roadways, have a significant influence on mining operations and roadway stability and safety. Consequently, the optimal width of coal pillars that provides suitable performance under mining-induced stress must be determined accurately. Based on the deformation data of the surrounding rock along the gob roadway of the 13318 working face in Xieqiao Coal Mine, we analyzed the surface deformation data of the roadway and the displacement of the deep surrounding rock of the roadway under the action of mining-induced stress herein. The separation fractures of the low side of the roadway can be divided into four zones: 0–2 m, 2–5 m, 5–9 m, and 9–11 m. The absolute displacement of the surrounding rock relative to the center of the roadway in the 0–2 m zone was large, and the displacement region in the side of the roadway extended from 0 m to 11 m. The separation fractures of the high side of the roadway can be divided into three zones: 0–3 m, 3–5 m, and 5–5.5 m. The absolute displacement of the surrounding rock relative to the center of the roadway in the 0–3 m zone was large, whereas the deformation separation of the coal pillar was small. The surrounding rock in the 5–5.5 m zone also exhibited absolute displacement relative to the center of the roadway. Furthermore, the stress increased faster on the low side of the roadway than the high side; the core stress region on the high side occurred at approximately 3 m, whereas that on the low side occurred at approximately 8 m. The findings obtained herein can help determine the optimal preset width of small pillars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faults happen inevitably in traction systems and thus place the security of the whole high-speed train at risk. In order to improve the safety and reliability of high-speed trains, this article deals with fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) problem for traction systems. Because of high sampling frequency of equipped sensors, FDD strategies in the supervision system of high-speed trains should be of enough high computation efficiency, which is a great bottleneck for artificial intelligence-based FDD methods. For reducing the computational load while maintaining the satisfactory diagnostic accuracy, an enhanced FDD architecture using the modified principal component analysis and broad learning system is developed in this article. Based on the proposed data-driven design whose core is to extract fault information, fast and accurate FDD can be achieved without requirements for mathematical models or control mechanism of high-speed trains. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed online design are illustrated on the traction control platform of high-speed trains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Distinct α-arabinofuranosidases boosted MeGlc p A release by α-glucuronidases. • Rates of an α-arabinofuranosidase increased by approximately 300 %. • The crystal structure of α-glucuronidase AxyAgu115A was solved. • A distinct loop in AxyAgu115A might contribute to its coordinated action. The coordinated action of carbohydrate-active enzymes has mainly been evaluated for the purpose of complete saccharification of plant biomass (lignocellulose) to sugars. By contrast, the coordinated action of accessory hemicellulases on xylan debranching and recovery is less well characterized. Here, the activity of two family GH115 α-glucuronidases (SdeAgu115A from Saccharophagus degradans , and AxyAgu115A from Amphibacillus xylanus) on spruce arabinoglucuronoxylan (AGX) was evaluated in combination with an α-arabinofuranosidase from families GH51 (AniAbf51A, aka E-AFASE from Aspergillus niger) and GH62 (SthAbf62A from Streptomyces thermoviolaceus). The α-arabinofuranosidases boosted (methyl)-glucuronic acid release by SdeAgu115A by approximately 50 % and 30 %, respectively. The impact of the α-arabinofuranosidases on AxyAgu115A activity was comparatively low, motivating its structural characterization. The crystal structure of AxyAgu115A revealed increased length and flexibility of the active site loop compared to SdeAgu115A. This structural difference could explain the ability of AxyAgu115A to accommodate more highly substituted arabinoglucuronoxylan, and inform enzyme selections for improved AGX recovery and use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The stress concentration of N50H jacket for CS magnet is investigated and confirmed by finite element method and tensile test. • A method to alleviate the stress concentration is introduced and evaluated. • The experiment also proves that the N50H jacket achieves YS > 1500 MPa @ 4.2 K performance and meets the design requirements. Fusion magnets are mainly wound by Cable In Conduit Conductor (CICC), therefore the cables can resist electromagnetic force under the protection of stainless steel jacket with higher yield strength. The Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences (ASIPP) has been designing a compact fusion device. As a structural component of CICC, the conductor jacket in Central Solenoid (CS) magnet withstands great electromagnetic force. Consequently, a higher strength stainless steel named modified Nitronic 50 (N50H) with Yield Strength (YS) > 1500 MPa @ 4.2 K is adopted to fabricate CS jacket. In this paper, the compressing process of CS conductors with the circle in square structure is simulated by finite element method. The results reveal stress concentration on the jacket after compression, and with the increase of the jacket' corner radius, the compressing stress decreases, while the electromagnetic stress increases. Through the analysis, the suitable corner radius of the jacket is selected. Subsequently, the corresponding jacket is manufactured, and the tensile test is carried out at 300 K, 77 K and 4.2 K. The results show the existence of stress concentration and prove that the jacket achieves YS > 1500 MPa @ 4.2 K performance and meets the design requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to arsenic (As), a widespread non-metallic toxicant in nature, often results in neurotoxicity, although the exact mechanism is unknown. Zinc (Zn) is a powerful nutrient often thought to be beneficial for growth, development and immunity. Whether Zn can rescue brain damage caused by As contamination remains to be demonstrated. Therefore, in this study, a 30-day model of As poisoning (2.83 mg/L) in carp was established and treated with Zn (1 mg/L) to investigate the detoxification mechanism involved. Histological observations showed that As induced the loosening of the molecular layer structure of the cerebellum and the dissolution or even disappearance of nuclei, accompanied by the occurrence of microthrombi in the granular layer, and the addition of Zn attenuated such As-induced damage. Further mechanistic studies indicated that Zn ameliorated As exposure-induced abnormalities in antioxidant capacity (decreased CAT and Cu/Zn-SOD), activation of the Nrf2/keap1 pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs), which is a key factor in As-induced brain damage. ERs (high expression of PERK, ATF6, CHOP, eiF2α and GRP78) and inflammation (overexpression of TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, IKK, NF-κB, IL-1β and IL-6 and low expression of IκBα and IL-10). We suggest that Zn can alleviate excessive As-induced brain damage by attenuating As-induced oxidative stress, PERK/ATF6 and TLR/MyD88/NF-κB pathways. The present study fills in the preventive mechanism of As injury in fish and provides the possibility of prevention and control of As pollution-induced brain tissue injury by Zn rescue. [Display omitted] • Zn rescues As-induced imbalance in brain antioxidant system. • Zn alleviates As-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in brain via the PERK/ATF6 pathway. • Zn ameliorates As-induced brain inflammatory response via TLR/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. • Zn effectively protects brain tissue from As damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to both liquid properties and ferromagnetic material characteristics, ferrofluids are developed as the favored component solvents. The art of investigating the lubrication mechanism of ferrofluids in spur gear drives is significant for improving the anti-wear of gear pairs and prolonging the service life. This paper proposes a mathematical model of oil-based ferrofluids lubrication and derives a system of governing equations. The tribology performances of oil-based ferrofluids are investigated in comparison with their counterparts of pure base oil. Furthermore, the effects of ferromagnetic particle size and bulk concentration on the tribological property and film stiffness of oil-based ferrofluids are studied. Finally, the influence of magnetic field intensity is analyzed and discussed. Results show that oil-based ferrofluids induce greater increases in film thickness and film normal stiffness in comparison with their counterparts of pure base oil; the decrease in ferromagnetic particle size causes considerable increases in film thickness and remarkable decreases in friction coefficient; the increase in bulk concentration induces a significant increase in film thickness and a remarkable decrease in friction coefficient, meanwhile the normal stiffness of ferrofluids film maintains stable; the increase in magnetic field intensity causes small increases in film thickness and small reductions in friction coefficient. Therefore, ferrofluids with ferromagnetic particles of small size and large bulk concentration are beneficial to lubrication and anti-wear of magnetized spur gear drives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Previous study disclosed Fucosyltransferase 2 (Fut2) gene as a IBD risk locus. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of Fut2 in IBD susceptibility and to propose a new strategy for the treatment of IBD. Methods: Intestinal epithelium-specific Fut2 knockout (Fut2△IEC) mice was used. Colitis was induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The composition and diversity of gut microbiota were assessed via 16S rRNA analysis and the metabolomic findings was obtained from mice feces via metabolite profiling. The fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiment was performed to confirm the association of gut microbiota and LPC. WT mice were treated with Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) to verify its impact on colitis. Results: The expression of Fut2 and α-1,2-fucosylation in colonic tissues were decreased in patients with UC (UC vs. control, P = 0.036) and CD (CD vs. control, P = 0.031). When treated with DSS, in comparison to WT mice, more severe intestinal inflammation and destructive barrier functions in Fut2△IEC mice was noted. Lower gut microbiota diversity was observed in Fut2△IEC mice compared with WT mice (p < 0.001). When exposed to DSS, gut bacterial diversity and composition altered obviously in Fut2△IEC mice and the fecal concentration of LPC was increased. FMT experiment revealed that mice received the fecal microbiota from Fut2△IEC mice exhibited more severe colitis and higher fecal LPC concentration. Correlation analysis showed that the concentration of LPC was positively correlated with four bacteria—Escherichia, Bilophila, Enterorhabdus and Gordonibacter. Furthermore, LPC was proved to promote the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and damage epithelial barrier in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: Fut2 and α-1,2-fucosylation in colon were decreased not only in CD but also in UC patients. Gut microbiota in Fut2△IEC mice is altered structurally and functionally, promoting generation of LPC which was proved to promote inflammation and damage epithelial barrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5) is an endogenous inhibitor of Wnt5a (wingless-type family member 5a), which has been implicated in anti-inflammatory response. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether SFRP5 could protect chondrocytes against LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis. Methods: ATDC5 cells that overexpressed with SFRP5 or not were challenged with LPS to observe the effects of SFRP5 overexpression on LPS-triggered inflammation and apoptosis as well as Wnt5a/JNK activation. Wnt5a was elevated in ATDC5 cells in the presence of SFRP5 overexpression, to determine whether Wnt5a/JNK signaling was involved in the actions of SFRP5. Results: The mRNA and protein levels of SFRP5 was significantly reduced by LPS in a concentration-dependent manner. Overexpression of SFRP5 in ATDC5 cells inhibited LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis, as evidenced by decreased production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and ROS, together with a reduced ratio of TUNEL-positive cells, a lower expression of Bax and cleaved caspase 3, but a higher expression of Bcl-2. Meanwhile, SFRP5 overexpression also repress Wnt5a and phosphorylated JNK expression. However, the overexpression of Wnt5a considerably weakened the inhibitory effect of SFRP5 on LPS-triggered inflammation and apoptosis. Besides, the level of Wnt5a and JNK phosphorylation, which was inhibited by SFRP5 overexpression, was also partially recovered by Wnt5a overexpression. Conclusion: SFRP5 could alleviate LPS-induced ATDC5 cell inflammation and apoptosis; these actions may rely on repressing Wnt5a/JNK activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infant formula powder is prone to oxidation reaction during storage, which leads to the decrease of milk powder quality. The whole milk powder (WMP) was formulated, and the characteristics of infant formula powder were tracked during storage. The addition of metal ions, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and vitamins could reduce the peroxide value and increase the thiobarbituric acid value in the infant formula powder during the early stage of storage. When the samples were stored for 6 months, the free fat content of the base milk powder and the sample added with metal ions had high level (3.3%–3.6%). With adding vitamins, the content of free fat in the samples decreased first and then increased. The color value L of all the samples decreased during storage. Compared with WMP, the color value B of all the infant formula powder with different ingredients decreased. Levels of 2‐heptanone and 2‐nonaone indicated that the formation of the main methyl ketones in the infant formula powder with different ingredients decreased. The content of hexanal in the sample added metal ions was the highest. The type and intensity of free radicals changed with the formula components. The range of g value was 2.0043–2.0060 after 6 months of storage and 2.0017–2.1338 after 12 months of storage, respectively. The index of peroxide value and color value B were significantly related to the existence of free radicals in the infant formula powder with different ingredients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intimate relationship functioning depends upon the ability to accommodate one's partner and to inhibit retaliatory and aggressive impulses when disagreements arise. However, accommodation and inhibition may be difficult when self-control strength is weak or depleted by prior exertion of self-control. The present study considered whether state self-control depletion prospectively predicts male and female self-reports of anger with partner and arguing with partner. Consistent with the I3 Model (Finkel, 2014, Adv Exp Soc Psychol, 49, 1-104), we also considered whether the association between elevated anger and arguing (i.e., instigation) and partner aggression was stronger when state self-control (i.e., inhibition) was depleted or among people high in negative urgency. In this ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study, heavy drinking married and cohabiting heterosexual couples (N = 191) responded to three randomly signaled reports each day for 30 days. Depletion predicted anger and arguing with partners both cross-sectionally and prospectively for men and women. However, after controlling for prior levels of anger and arguing, these effects were diminished, and supplemental analyses revealed that anger and arguing with partner predicted subsequent depletion. Anger and arguing were strongly associated with concurrent reports of partner aggression perpetration and victimization (verbal and/or physical). However, neither state self-control depletion nor negative urgency moderated these effects. Overall, results suggest a modest impact of depletion on daily couple functioning as well as a potential cyclical effect of arguing on depletion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A heat treatment system for superconducting coil had been built at the Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ASIPP) for the central solenoid model coil (CSMC) for the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR). The CSMC is composed of Nb3Sn and NbTi hybrid superconducting coils. As Nb3Sn is a brittle material, the technology of "wind and react" has been used to manufacture Nb3Sn coil. During the heat treatment process, various measuring instruments have been used to monitor the heat treatment parameters (e.g., temperature, pressure, impurity gas content). The heat treatment of the inner coil and the outer coil of CSMC has been completed. The evolution temperature and temperature uniformity meet the technical requirements of CSMC heat treatment. The performance of the witness sample meets the recommended value. The measurement results of the coil deformation meet the requirements of the Nb3Sn coil design. Here, the manufacture, measurements, and test results are presented, providing a solid basis for the heat treatment of large size superconducting coils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the large deformation mechanism of deep dynamic pressure roadway is studied from the perspective of the formation and development of plastic zone, and creep and damage of rock mass. The results show that (a) the butterfly‐shaped plastic zone is a nonstable plastic zone, and its unique stress sensitivity and rock formation difference are important causes of disasters such as large deformation of deep roadway. (b) Established a creep model of anchored surrounding rock. Due to the existence of rock mass damage and creep, the range of the plastic zone of the surrounding rock is always dynamic. (c) Explain the mechanism of large deformation of surrounding rock in deep roadway. The source of large deformation of deep dynamic roadway lies in the formation of unstable plastic duct‐shaped zone, and the interference of external factors such as tectonic stress and mining disturbance is the main way to change the plastic zone from stable to unsteady. In addition, the increase in rock mass damage and creep promotes the continuous development of the plastic zone, which eventually leads to the large deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway. (d) Guided by the deformation mechanism of the surrounding rock in the deep dynamic pressure roadway, the corresponding roadway support technology was proposed for the test roadway, and the better support effect was obtained through the test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Cortical bone crack caused by accident or other external factors is one of the main causes of fracture, so the mechanism of crack formation and propagation for cortical bone under different loads should be understood primarily to avoid fracture. Bone specimens may be destructed in experiments, which can lead to a difliculty to observe the interior mechanical state of bone structure before and after fracture. Therefore, it is important to find a finite element method that can accurately simulate the processes of cortical bone crack formation, propagation, and fracture. Current simulations mainly use the principal strain or the equivalent strain to determine the mechanical state of the element in the finite element model and to perform fracture simulation, but there are few studies on the simulation accuracy when using these two types of strains. OBJECTIVE: To testify the simulation accuracy of cortical bone fracture with the principal strain and the equivalent strain. METHODS: The principal strain and the equivalent strain were applied to perform the three-point bending simulation, and the simulation results were compared with the experimental results to determine which strain was more accurate. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The failure time of the cortical bone simulated by the principal strain was significantly later than that obtained by the equivalent strain. (2) Compared with the experimental results, n was found that the simulation results obtai ned by equivalent strain were closer to the experimental results. (3) Therefore, simulating cortical bone crack and fracture using the equivalent strain is accurate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The safe and reliable operation of the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) Central Solenoid Model Coil (CSMC) heat treatment system is the basis for the establishment of the CFETR central solenoid, Nb3Sn superconducting coil. The purpose of safety analysis of a heat treatment system is to find out the unreliable factors of the system, analyze the weaknesses of the system, predict the possibility and severity of system failure, and then improve the reliability of the system. The method of combining risk priority number (RPN) with Hazard and operability study (HAZOP) can make up for the deficiency of quantitative information in traditional HAZOP analysis. It is concluded that the fan subsystem is the weakest part of the heat treatment system by means of RPN-HAZOP. The deviation caused by temperature, cleanliness, and impurity gas content will greatly affect the performance of the superconducting coil. The author tries to put forward scientific and reasonable measures according to the principle of giving priority to solving the principal contradiction. Guided by the measures and suggestions, the heat treatment system runs normally, safely, and reliably. The results of the experiment show that all the process indexes meet the requirements of coil heat treatment technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microgrid is an effective way to utilize renewable energy resources, especially for satisfying the electricity requirements in remote islands. The operation optimization of an island microgrid is critical to ensure the effective performance of the whole microgrid system, and it is usually a multiconstrained and multiobjective optimization problem. The main contribution of this study is an operation optimization method for the stand-alone microgrid system in a remote island, which includes wind, PV, battery, and diesel generator. In this paper, a novel operation optimization model for stand-alone microgrid is proposed, in which the battery system is considered separately; the multiobjective day-ahead optimization model considering economic cost, battery depreciation cost, and environmental protection cost is established. In the optimization, the output power of diesel generator and energy storage system are chosen as the decision variables. For this purpose, an efficient search algorithm combining the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is developed. The hybrid algorithm is applied to search for the Pareto solution set of the optimization problem. The search results are compared with those from traditional PSO algorithm. Also, a grey target decision-making theory based on the entropy weight method is proposed to identify the best trade-off scheduling scheme among all the solutions, and the results are compared with those from two other commonly used subjective and objective methods. The results show that the proposed optimization method can be applied to the day-ahead operation optimization of the microgrid system and help the user obtain the best compromise operation scheme for stand-alone microgrid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peer victimization is a chronic stressor that occurs within the context of peer interactions and has been robustly associated with numerous negative psychological and social adjustment problems. Although increased frequency of peer victimization has been linked to psychosocial problems, few researchers have studied the role of duration and pervasiveness of victimization (i.e., number of places it occurs). The objective of this study was to examine how frequency, duration, and pervasiveness of peer victimization are associated with youth adjustment. Canadian adolescents (N = 879), ages 12–18 completed an online survey about experiences with peer victimization. Youth also answered questions about internalizing problems, distress, relationship quality with family, friends, and adults in their school and community, as well as academic functioning. Data were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression modeling. Both duration and pervasiveness of peer victimization were predictive of increased internalizing problems, distress, relationship problems, and academic difficulties. Duration and pervasiveness of peer victimization were identified as important factors to consider when predicting youth psychosocial adjustment. By asking questions about these situational factors, parents, teachers, and healthcare providers may more effectively identify youth who are at risk for experiencing mental health problems associated with peer victimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We proposed a two-layer metamaterial structure with graphene that consists of two H-shaped resonators and one I-shaped resonator. The electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) analog phenomena were observed in absorption spectra, resulting from the near-field coupling of two bright modes. Furthermore, the absorption peak can be tuned by changing the dimension of the I-shaped resonator or changing the Fermi energy of graphene. The theoretical analysis reveals that the EIA analog arises from magnetic resonance using the coupled Lorentz oscillator model. This hybrid-EIA analog structure may provide a possible choice for designing potential devices for dynamic narrow-band filtering and absorber applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The influence mechanism of the ratio of waste rock and tailings and curing temperature on the UCS of waste rock-tailings backfill were investigated. • Mechanism of the effect of ratio of waste rock and tailings and curing temperature on the porosity of waste rock-tailings backfill were investigated. • The extent to which different types of pores affect the strength of the backfill was investigated by a regression analysis study. • For the Gaofeng Mine, optimal ratios of waste rock and tailings were given in different high temperature environments in deep mine. In order to reduce the cost of deep mining in Guangxi Gaofeng Mine, the feasibility of underground waste rock used for backfill and was analyzed. The tailings and waste rock taken from Gaofeng Mining Industry had been selected for comparative tests, different ratio of waste rock and tailings and curing temperatures were set, the effect of different conditions on the porosity and strength of waste rock and tailings cemented backfill was investigated. Study indicates that the macroscopic mechanical properties of the backfill are the external response of its microstructure, and the change of the microstructure of the backfill is the essential reason for the change of its mechanical properties. when the waste rock-tailings ratio is 6:4 or 7:3, the USC increases with the increase of the curing temperature; while the waste rock-tailings ratio is 8:2 or 9:1, the USC tends to increase and then decrease with the increase of the curing temperature, where 40℃ is the turning point. In deep mines of Gaofeng Mine, ratio of waste rock and tailings of 9:1 is preferred when the temperature is around 40 °C, while ratio of waste rock and tailings of 6:4 is more effective at deeper depths around 50 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]