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With access to many power electronic loads in a power network, the number of suspicious harmonic sources increases significantly, which makes it highly difficult to trace the position of such sources in the entire network. Starting from the engineering application of harmonic tracing and using power quality monitoring data, a harmonic zoning tracing scheme is proposed based on two‐layer clustering. Based on the characteristics of harmonic measurement data, k‐Shape, a time‐series clustering algorithm based on waveform similarity is adopted. By calculating the morphological distance between the harmonic voltage sequences, the similarity of data fluctuation is measured, and the correlation information associated with harmonic pollution is mined. On this basis, adaptive density peak clustering is introduced to improve the k‐Shape algorithm. It solves the local minimization problem caused by the random selection of initial clustering centers, and realizes the adaptive selection of the optimal number of clusters. The proposed method can effectively realize the regional positioning of multi‐harmonic sources, reduce the suspected range of dominant harmonic sources, and is suitable for traceability analysis in the scenario of a large number of harmonic sources. The IEEE 123 node network and monitoring platform data confirm the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective measures are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of smart grids and new power systems, the combination of non-intrusive load identification technology and smart home technology can provide users with the operating conditions of home appliances and equipment, thus reducing home energy loss and improving users' ability to demand a response. This paper proposes a non-intrusive load decomposition model with a parallel multiscale attention mechanism (PMAM). The model can extract both local and global feature information and fuse it through a parallel multiscale network. This improves the attention mechanism's ability to capture feature information over long time periods. To validate the model's decomposition ability, we combined the PMAM model with four benchmark models: the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network model, the Time Pooling-based Load Disaggregation Model (TPNILM), the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), and the Load Disaggregation Model without Parallel Multi-scalar Attention Mechanisms (UNPMAM). The model was trained on the publicly available UK-DALE dataset and tested. The models' test results were quantitatively evaluated using a confusion matrix. This involved calculating the F1 score of the load decomposition. A higher F1 score indicates better model decomposition performance. The results indicate that the PMAM model proposed in this paper maintains an F1 score above 0.9 for the decomposition of three types of electrical equipment under the same household user, which is 3% higher than that of the other benchmark models on average. In the cross-household test, the PMAM also demonstrated a better decomposition ability, with the F1 score maintained above 0.85, and the mean absolute error (MAE) decreased by 5.3% on average compared with that of the UNPMAM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In nature, some fish can adhere tightly to the surface of stones, aquatic plants, and even other fish bodies. This adhesion behavior allows these fish to fix, eat, hide, and migrate in complex and variable aquatic environments. The adhesion function is realized by the special mouth and sucker tissue of fish. Inspired by adhesion fish, extensive research has recently been carried out. Therefore, this paper presents a brief overview to better explore underwater adhesion mechanisms and provide bionic applications. Firstly, the adhesion organs and structures of biological prototypes (e.g., clingfish, remora, Garra, suckermouth catfish, hill stream loach, and goby) are presented separately, and the underwater adhesion mechanisms are analyzed. Then, based on bionics, it is explained that the adhesion structures and components are designed and created for applications (e.g., flexible gripping adhesive discs and adhesive motion devices). Furthermore, we offer our perspectives on the limitations and future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the dramatic increase in the number of mobile users and wireless devices accessing the network, the performance of fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems has been severely challenged. Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has received much attention as one of the promising technologies for the sixth generation (6G) due to its ease of deployment, low power consumption, and low price. RIS is an electromagnetic metamaterial that serves to reconfigure the wireless environment by adjusting the phase, amplitude, and frequency of the wireless signal. To maximize channel transmission efficiency and improve the reliability of communication systems, the acquisition of channel state information (CSI) is essential. Therefore, an effective channel estimation method guarantees the achievement of excellent RIS performance. This survey presents a comprehensive study of existing channel estimation methods for RIS. Firstly, channel estimation methods in high and low frequency bands are overviewed and compared. We focus on channel estimation in the high frequency band and analyze the system model. Then, the comprehensive description of the different channel estimation methods is given, with a focus on the application of deep learning. Finally, we conclude the paper and provide an outlook on the future development of RIS channel estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Closed-loop management of athletes at the training base is a compromise approach that balanced epidemic prevention and sports training during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated the impact of prolonged closed-loop management on athletes' sleep and mood during the 2022 Shanghai Omicron wave. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Profile of Mood States were used to assess the sleep and mood states of 110 professional athletes in "closed-loop management" at the training base after 1 and 2 months of closed-loop management, respectively, to characterize changes in sleep and mood with prolonged closed-loop management. After two months of control, the sleep and mood of 69 athletes and students of the same age were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Perceptual Stress Scale, as well as the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale, to compare the differences in sleep and mood between athletes undergoing closed-loop management and the general population who were managed in the community. Paired sample t-tests and independent sample t-tests were used for comparisons across different time intervals and different management approaches. Results showed that with the time of closed-loop management increased, athletes woke up earlier (p = 0.002), slept less (p = 0.024), and became angrier (p = 0.014); athletes had poorer overall sleep quality (p < 0.001) but lower stress level (p = 0.004) than those who were outside the base. In closed-loop management, the athletes were able to maintain a stable sleep and mood state. Sports team administrators must be aware of the need to improve athletes' sleep quality and help athletes to agree with this approach of management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power quality analysis and governance need the identification of power quality issues. With the use of smart meters and various smart collection devices, more and more power quality data are collected, and the massive data collection brings pressure on communication, storage and computation to the conventional algorithm for identifying and classifying power quality disturbances based on cloud computing. In the paper, a classification algorithm for power quality disturbance identification based on edge computing and fusion model is proposed. The algorithm's key concept is to compress and sense the power quality signals at the edge side, and then transmit the compressed power quality data to the cloud, which uses an improved Dense-Net and LSTM fusion model to identify and classify the compressed power quality data. Through experiments, it is proved that the method can compress the power quality signal to 70% of the original signal size while satisfying the recognition and data on power quality disturbance categorization accuracy, reducing the communication cost of data transmission, lowering the computational pressure and caching pressure on the cloud, and having certain robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural colors produced by light manipulating at subwavelength dimensions have been widely studied. In this work, a metasurface-based subtractive color filter (SCF) is demonstrated. The color display of the SCF is confirmed by finding the complementary color of colors filtered by SCF within the color wheel. In addition, two artificial neural network (ANN) models are utilized to accelerate the metasurface forward prediction, and the long short-term memory (LSTM) shows much better performance than traditional multilayer perceptron (MLP). Meanwhile, we train an inverse ANN model established with LSTM to recover the optimal geometric parameter combinations of the meta-atoms. With the variation of the geometric parameters of meta-atoms, versatile color displays of structural colors are realized. The metasurface we propose exhibits good performance of transmissive-type structural color in visible range. The work provides a method for high-efficiency geometric parameter prediction, and paves the way to nanostructure-based color design for display and anticounterfeiting applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • MOF-derived CeFeO x -C nanoparticles exhibited remarkable peroxidase-like activity. • A novel peroxidase-mimicking nanoprobe was first synthesized and applied. • MWCNT-COOH and COF TAPB-DMTP combine as an excellent sensing platform. • This aptasensor attained an outstanding detection limit of 1.06 fg/mL for 8-OHdG. • This aptasensor was successfully applied to detect 8-OHdG in urine. An ultrasensitive electrochemical aptasensor was proposed for quantitative detection of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Covalent organic framework (COF TAPB-DMTP) and carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH) were used to prepare COF TAPB-DMTP @MWCNT-COOH (TAPB, 1,3,5-tris(4-aminopheny) benzene; DMTP, 5-dimethoxybenzene-1,4-dicarboxaldehyde) nanocomposites as the electrode sensing platform. COF TAPB-DMTP @MWCNT-COOH displayed excellent biocompatibility, a large specific surface area, and efficient conductivity, facilitating accelerated electron transfer rates. Furthermore, the cerium iron oxide–carbon nanocomposites (CeFeO x -C) derived from UiO-66-CeFe bimetallic organic framework showed outstanding peroxidase-like activity. Gold nanoparticles-modified CeFeOx-C effectively loads 8-OHdG-aptamer, yielding novel CeFeOx-C@Au@Apt nanoprobes. CeFeO x -C@Au@Apt nanoprobes were immobilized on the electrode via base pairing to thiolated cDNA and the signal change was detected in the environment of hydroquinone and H 2 O 2. In the presence of 8-OHdG, Apt-cDNA unwound, leading to CeFeO x -C@Au@Apt to fall off the electrode, thereby causing distinguishable electrochemical variations. The optimized aptasensor for 8-OHdG showed a wide linear range from 10 fg/mL to 50 ng/mL, with a low detection limit of 1.06 fg/mL. The reliability of this aptasensor was confirmed using human urine samples, yielding satisfactory results, highlighting its potential in evaluating the extent of oxidative DNA damage. Crucially, the aptasensor's ideal performance position it as a promising approach for detecting various biomolecules through modifications the aptamers sequence modifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 is a promising potential cathode for sodium-ion batteries owning to its stable three-dimensional structure framework. However, from the perspective of environmental protection, the substitution of vanadium with low cost and low toxicity elements is pressing to further boost its application in large-scale energy storage production. To reduce the content of V in Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 and increase the transfer number of sodium ions, ball-milling assisted sol-gel routine is employed to prepare Na 4 FeV(PO 4) 3 @C sodium-rich cathode, which delivers an initial charge capacity high to 175.6 mAh g−1 with high coulombic efficiency of 99% from 1.3 to 4.3 V, deriving from V(II)/V(III), Fe(II)/Fe(III), V(III)/V(IV) and V(IV)/V(V) redox couples. The cathode shows long-life span with an excellent retention of 96.8% after 800 cycles at 5C from 1.8 to 3.8V. Solid-state 23Na nuclear magnetic resonance reveals that the sodium ions at 8-coordinated Na2 sites in Na 4 FeV(PO 4) 3 @C show faster extraction/insertion dynamics during electrochemical cycling. X-ray diffraction and time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction results demonstrate that the electrochemical process undergoes a reversible solid solution reaction with stable structure, resulting in fast rate performance and excellent cyclic retention. The composition modulation of the sodium rich material and the cycling mechanisms obtained from this study would contribute a great insight for the sodium energy storage with improved performances. [Display omitted] • Pure-phase sodium-rich Na 4 FeV(PO 4) 3 materials with carbon coating were prepared by ball-milling assisted sol-gel method with heat-treatment. • The Na 4 FeV(PO 4) 3 @C electrodes deliver an initial charge capacity high to 175.6 mAh g−1 from 1.3 to 4.3 V, deriving from V(II)/V(III), Fe(II)/Fe(III), V(III)/V(IV) and V(IV)/V(V) redox couples, and show excellent retention of 96.8% after 800 cycles at 5C from 1.8 to 3.8V. • The Na 4 FeV(PO 4) 3 @C electrodes undergo a reversible single-phase solid solution reaction with a relatively small variation volume (2.05%) during the charging/discharging process. • The full cell of Na 4 FeV(PO 4) 3 @C//Hard carbon delivers an energy density of 286 Wh kg−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• X-ray CT and digital subtraction efficiently reveal internal fluid in coal specimens. • Using fluid information data to characterize effective imbibition pore-fractures. • Imbibition model fits well, surpassing Lucas-Washburn in viscous-inertial stage. • Initial imbibition occurs in smaller pores, shifting to larger ones at equilibrium. • Capillary radius most significantly affects imbibition model sensitivity. Flow and distribution of fluids within coal is of great significance for studying the enhancement of coal seam water injection and permeation-wetting effects, achieving dust pollution control, and gas disaster management. In this regard, relying on the theory of imbibition dynamics, the imbibition model based on microscopic structural parameters is derived. X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning imaging experiments are conducted on coal in both dry and imbibition-saturated states. Utilizing digital image subtraction technique, pore-fractures structure characteristics and fluid distribution are extracted. A comprehensive investigation is conducted to explore the fluid ascent behavior in individual capillaries and flow characteristics within the pore-fracture networks, thereby revealing the mechanisms through which pore-fractures influence fluid migration during imbibition. The results demonstrate that digital image subtraction technique accurately reveals the fluid distribution within coal. The volume of pore-fractures in different regions is a critical factor influencing fluid distribution, with large fractures playing a major role in maintaining and supporting spontaneous imbibition equilibrium. A microscopic-scale imbibition model based on shape factors and curvature correction is established, and effective pore-fractures are characterized using imbibition fluid data. The established imbibition model exhibits a good overall fit at various imbibition stages, especially during the viscous-inertial stage, where the model significantly outperforms the traditional Lucas-Washburn model. Furthermore, the proportion of effective pore-fractures involved in imbibition is not constrained by the distribution pattern of total pore-fractures. Pore-fractures with equivalent radii ranging from 100 to 500 μm have the highest proportion, serving as the main pathways in the initial stage of imbibition rate increase. The driving force required for the rise of the liquid meniscus inside capillaries is positively correlated with the equivalent radius, making it easier for liquid to ascend in smaller-radius capillaries. Among the various factors influencing imbibition evolution, the imbibition model exhibits the highest sensitivity to capillary radius, demonstrating that capillary structural parameters are crucial factors affecting imbibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving catalytic selectivity with high conversion meets big challenge for direct conversion of syngas (CO/H2) to aromatics (STA). Here, a series of LaBO3 (B=Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Cr) perovskite oxides was synthesized and applied as metal oxide component of OX‐ZEO bifunctional catalysts for STA firstly. By combining with HZSM‐5, LaFeO3, LaMnO3 and LaCrO3 exhibited good performance on syngas conversion. For the bifunctional catalyst of LaFeO3/HZSM‐5, a superior catalytic performance with 82.0 % selectivity to aromatics at 28.5 % CO conversion was achieved. The composition of B‐site metals in perovskites and its stabilization in the structure are essential for activity of STA reaction. In situ DRIFTs study revealed the syngas conversion over perovskite followed the surface formate and methoxy intermediate species transformation pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aimed to explore the impact of COVID-19 on strength performance in highly trained athletes. Method: A force plate was employed to measure squat jump height (SJH), counter-movement jump height (CMJH), and drop jump reactive strength index (DJRSI) in 27 highly trained athletes before infection, and at one week, two weeks, and four weeks post-recovery. Additionally, an Isometric Mid-thigh Pull (IMTP) test was conducted to record maximum isometric strength (MIS) and the rate of force development of the initial phase (RFD 0–50; RFD 0–100). Repeated measures analysis of variance was utilized to compare variations in these indicators across different time points. Results: One week post-recovery, SJH (-7.71%, P = 0.005), CMJH (-9.08%, P < 0.001), DJRSI (-28.88%, P < 0.001), MIS (-18.95%, P < 0.001), RFD 0–50 (-64.98%, P < 0.001), and RFD 0–100 (-53.65%, P < 0.001) were significantly lower than pre-infection levels. Four weeks post-recovery, SJH (-2.08%, P = 0.236), CMJH (-3.28%, P = 0.277), and MIS (-3.32%, P = 0.174) did not differ significantly from pre-infection levels. However, DJRSI (-11.24%, P = 0.013), RFD 0–50 (-31.37%, P = 0.002), and RFD 0–100 (-18.99%, P = 0.001) remained significantly lower than pre-infection levels. Conclusion: After COVID-19, highly trained athletes exhibited a significant reduction in maximum strength, explosive strength, reactive strength, and initial phase force generation capability. By four weeks post-recovery, their maximum and explosive strength had returned to near pre-infection levels, yet their reactive strength and initial phase force generation capability remained significantly impaired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BioLadder is an online data analysis platform designed for proteomics research. It offers a variety of proteomics analysis modules, as well as modules for other omics data analysis. The platform includes experimental data analysis modules and common data analysis modules. It provides functions for data visualization, preprocessing, quantitative analysis, sequence analysis, abundance mapping, classification analysis, and function analysis. The platform is user-friendly, with simplified input formats, specialized default parameters for proteomics, diverse adjustment methods, powerful color schemes, comprehensive help information, and real-time assistance. The platform is developed using the Vue.js and Laravel frameworks, with data persistence managed by MySQL. The authors of the platform are affiliated with Qinglian Biotech Co., Ltd. The work was supported by the National Key Research Program of China. [Extracted from the article]

Halide perovskite light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) have made remarkable advancements in both efficiency and stability. However, when compared to green and red LEDs, blue perovskite LEDs still lag behind in terms of efficiency and stability. Presently, efficient blue LEDs primarily rely on lead‐based perovskites, which goes against the environmentally friendly practices and restricts potential industrial applications. Consequently, there has been a surge of interest in academic research toward developing blue LEDs using lead‐free perovskites. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the structural diversity of lead‐free perovskite derivatives used for blue emission, encompassing Sn‐, Zr‐, Bi‐, Sb‐, Cu‐, Zn‐based halides as well as double perovskites. Various material synthesis techniques are discussed, such as nanocrystal preparation and film preparation. Additionally, the photoluminescence properties for different energy band structures are outlined, along with the luminescence mechanism involving energy transfer and strategies for enhancing luminous efficiency. The advancement in efficiency and stability of lead‐free perovskite LEDs is also examined in this review. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities in advancing research on blue lead‐free perovskite derivatives and their potential application in LED technology is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to frequent fire accidents and stone scarcity, fire protection design and recycled aggregates are issues that needed to be solved in the construction industry. Steel tubes and slurry-wrapping reinforcement treatment can effectively improve the load-bearing capacity of recycled concrete. This paper reports on the mechanical behavior of slurry-wrapping recycled aggregate concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns after exposure to high temperatures. Three series of 30 CFST columns were designed with the coarse aggregate type and exposure temperature as variation parameters: natural aggregate concrete-filled steel tube (NACFST) column, recycled aggregate concrete-filled steel tube (RACFST) column, and slurry-wrapping recycled aggregate concrete-filled steel tube (SRACFST) column. The results show that the failure pattern of the specimen is less affected by the exposure temperature and the coarse aggregate type. The compressive strength of the RACFST columns is significantly increased after the slurry-wrapping treatment. With the temperature increasing, the ultimate strength tends to increase initially and then drop. Since the recycled concrete has more pores, the compressive strength loss rate of the RACFST columns is lower than that of the NACFST and SRACFST columns at 800 °C. The lateral deformation factor is maintained until the exposure temperature reaches 400 °C and then begins to decrease as the temperature increase. It is not accurate to predict the strength of CFST columns after high temperatures by ultrasonic pulse velocity. The predicted strength of CFST column after high temperatures was compared with design codes, and an equation considering the material strength variation was proposed. • The role of slurry-wrapping reinforcement treatment on CFST columns at high temperatures. • Use ultrasonic pulse velocity to predict the recycled concrete after high temperatures. • An equation considering the material strength variation after high temperatures was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Na 3.75 Mn 0.75 V 1.25 (PO 4) 3 / x VitC composites are fabricated by substitution of Mn for V and vitamin C as carbon source. • Na 3.75 Mn 0.75 V 1.25 (PO 4) 3 /2VitC reveals an outstanding rate capability and long cyclic stability. • Na 3.75 Mn 0.75 V 1.25 (PO 4) 3 /2VitC shows a high initial Coulombic efficiency up to 97.5% at 0.2C and capacity retention of 78% over 4000 cycles at 10C. Owning to non-toxic and high working potential, Mn-substituted NASICON-type Na 3+ x Mn x V 2- x (PO 4) 3 cathodes have promising application in sodium ion batteries (SIBs). However, the poor cycling stability limits their further practical applications. Herein, a succession of carbon coated Na 3.75 Mn 0.75 V 1.25 (PO 4) 3 cathodes are constructed via a sol–gel combining with heating treatment. The effects of carbon content on the structure, electrochemical properties and sodium ion diffusion kinetics are investigated. The optimal composition, Na 3.75 Mn 0.75 V 1.25 (PO 4) 3 /2VitC, displays an outstanding specific capacity and long-cycling stability. It releases a discharge capacity of 105.6 mAh g-1 with a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 97.5% at 0.2C. It can also deliver a high capacity of 92.6 mAh g-1 with a capacity retention of 88.3% at 5C over 2000 cycling, and the reversible capacity can achieve to 79.1 mAh g-1 with 78% capacity retention after 4000 cycles at high rate of 10C. Ex-situ X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal a biphasic reaction process and high structural reversibility during sodium ion insertion/extraction. The good multiplicity performances, excellent long cycle stability and low cost of the optimized Na 3.75 Mn 0.75 V 1.25 (PO 4) 3 composite indicate that it is a promising cathode material for SIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increase of nonlinear loads (such as electric arc furnace, electrified railway, etc.) in power system, the harmonic distortion and unbalance of voltage and current are becoming more and more serious. The energy flow in the system is more complex and variable, and the power factor calculation method is controversial. This paper summarizes the influence factors and calculation methods of power factor for nonsinusoidal and unbalanced systems. The calculation methods of arithmetic power factor, vector power factor and effective power factor are compared first, and then the power factor calculation method recommended by IEEE Std 1459‐2010 and its improvement method under three‐phase balance user, active power calculation and metering error are analyzed, and the recommended calculation methods for different situations are given. Finally, future research perspectives and challenges for power factor calculation are pointed out. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) including leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile) and valine (Val) play a pivotal role in the human body. Herein, we developed capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with conventional UV detector to quantify underivatized BCAAs in two kinds of sport nutritional supplements. For direct UV detection at 195 nm, the BCAAs (Leu, two enantiomers of Ile and Val) were separated in a background electrolyte (BGE) consisting of 40.0 mmol/L sodium tetraborate, and 40.0 mmol/L β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) at pH 10.2. In addition, the indirect UV detection at 264 nm was achieved in a BGE of 2.0 mmol/L Na2HPO4, 10.0 mmol/L p-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) as UV absorbing probe, and 40.0 mmol/L β-CD at pH 12.2. The β-CD significantly benefited the isomeric separation of Leu, L- and D-Ile. The optimal conditions allowed the LODs (limit of detections) of direct and indirect UV absorption detection to be tens μmol/L level, which was comparable to the reported CE inline derivatization method. The RSDs (relative standard deviations) of migration time and peak area were less than 0.91% and 3.66% (n = 6). Finally, CE with indirect UV detection method was applied for the quantitation of BCAAs in two commercial sport nutritional supplements, and good recovery and precision were obtained. Such simple CE method without tedious derivatization process is feasible of quality control and efficacy evaluation of the supplemental proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive damage to both upper and lower motor neurons. Genetic factors are known to play a crucial role in ALS, as genetic studies not only advance our comprehension of disease mechanisms but also help unravel the complex phenotypes exhibited by patients. To gain further insights into the genetic landscape of ALS in the Chinese population and explore genotype–phenotype correlations among individuals, we conducted whole-genome sequencing to screen genes in 34 Chinese familial ALS (FALS) probands lacking the most common ALS-associated genes. Within this cohort, we identified a rare heterozygous missense mutation in the N-terminal domain of KIF5A (c.86A>G) in one of the probands. This finding is significant as mutations in the KIF5A gene have been implicated in ALS in European cohorts since 2018, predominantly characterized by C-terminal mutations. Analysis of the clinical phenotype within this familial lineage revealed a delayed onset of symptoms, an extended survival duration, and initial manifestations in both upper limbs. These observations underscore the clinical heterogeneity observed in ALS patients harboring KIF5A mutations. In conclusion, our study contributes to the growing body of evidence linking KIF5A to ALS and enhances our understanding of the intricate genetic landscape of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Panicle is a harvesting organ of rice, and its morphology and development are closely associated with grain yield. The current study was carried on a mutant screened through an EMS (ethyl-methane sulphonate) mutagenized population of a Japonica cultivar Kitaake (WT). Results: A mutant, named as asp-lsl (aberrant spikelet-long sterile lemma), showed a significant decrease in plant height, number of tillers, thousand-grains weight, seed setting rate, spikelet length, kernel length and effective number of grains per panicle as compared to WT. Asp-lsl showed a pleiotropic phenotype coupled with the obvious presence of a long sterile lemma. Cross-sections of lemma showed an increase in the cell volume rather than the number of cells. Genetic segregation analysis revealed its phenotypic trait is controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. Primary and fine mapping indicated that candidate gene controlling the phenotype of asp-lsl was located in an interval of 212 kb on the short arm of chromosome 8 between RM22445 and RM22453. Further sequencing and indels markers analysis revealed LOC_Os08g06480 harbors a single base substitution (G→A), resulting in a change of 521st amino acid(Gly→Glu. The homology comparison and phylogenetic tree analysis revealed mutation was occurred in a highly conserved domain and had a high degree of similarity in Arabidopsis, corn, and sorghum. The CRISPR/Cas9 mutant line of ASP-LSL produced a similar phenotype as that of asp-lsl. Subcellular localization of ASP-LSL revealed that its protein is localized in the nucleus. Relative expression analysis revealed ASP-LSL was preferentially expressed in panicle, stem, and leaves. The endogenous contents of GA, CTK, and IAA were found significantly decreased in asp-lsl as compared to WT. Conclusions: Current study presents the novel phenotype of asp-lsl and also validate the previously reported function of OsREL2 (ROMOSA ENHANCER LOCI2), / ASP1(ABERRANT SPIKELET AND PANICLE 1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a hypermutator phenotype caused by DNA mismatch repair deficiency. MSI has been reported in various human cancers, particularly colorectal, gastric and endometrial cancers. MSI is a promising biomarker for cancer prognosis and immune checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. Several computational methods have been developed for MSI detection using DNA- or RNA-based approaches based on next-generation sequencing. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, regulate gene expression and play critical roles in the development and progression of cancer. We here developed MSI-XGNN, a new computational framework for predicting MSI status using bulk RNA-sequencing and DNA methylation data. MSI-XGNN is an explainable deep learning model that combines a graph neural network (GNN) model to extract features from the gene-methylation probe network with a CatBoost model to classify MSI status. MSI-XGNN, which requires tumor-only samples, exhibited comparable performance with two well-known methods that require tumor-normal paired sequencing data, MSIsensor and MANTIS and better performance than several other tools. MSI-XGNN also showed good generalizability on independent validation datasets. MSI-XGNN identified six MSI markers consisting of four methylation probes (EPM2AIP1|MLH1:cg14598950, EPM2AIP1|MLH1:cg27331401, LNP1:cg05428436 and TSC22D2:cg15048832) and two genes (RPL22L1 and MSH4) constituting the optimal feature subset. All six markers were significantly associated with beneficial tumor microenvironment characteristics for immunotherapy, such as tumor mutation burden, neoantigens and immune checkpoint molecules such as programmed cell death-1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4. Overall, our study provides a powerful and explainable deep learning model for predicting MSI status and identifying MSI markers that can potentially be used for clinical MSI evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel electrochemical sensor was constructed for the detection of purine bases. Ultrafine carbide nanocrystals confined within porous nitrogen-doped carbon dodecahedrons (PNCD) were synthesized by adding molybdate to ZIF-8 followed by annealing. With MoC-based PNCDs (MC-PNCDs) as the carrier, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were deposited on the electrode surface via potentiostatic deposition as the promoter of electron transfer, forming a AuNPs/MC-PNCDs/activated glassy carbon electrode (AGCE) sensor. MC-PNCDs had a large specific surface area, which combined with the excellent electrocatalytic activity of AuNPs, synergistically improved the electrocatalytic activity. The morphology and structure of the electrode surface modifier were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis, and electrochemical characterization. Under the optimal conditions, the linear detection range of guanine (G) and adenine (A) was 0.5–160.0 μM, and the detection limits (S/N=3) were 72.1 and 69.6 nM, respectively. AuNPs/MC-PNCDs/AGCE was successfully constructed, and was used to simultaneously detect G and A with high sensitivity and selectivity. Moreover, the sensor was successfully used to detect G and A in herring sperm DNA samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the task of text sentiment analysis, the main problem that we face is that the traditional word vectors represent lack of polysemy, the Recurrent Neural Network cannot be trained in parallel, and the classification accuracy is not high. We propose a sentiment classification model based on the proposed Sliced Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (Sliced Bi-GRU), Multi-head Self-Attention mechanism, and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers embedding. First, the word vector representation obtained by the BERT pre-trained language model is used as the embedding layer of the neural network. Then the input sequence is sliced into subsequences of equal length. And the Bi-sequence Gated Recurrent Unit is applied to extract the subsequent feature information. The relationship between words is learned sequentially via the Multi-head Self-attention mechanism. Finally, the emotional tendency of the text is output by the Softmax function. Experiments show that the classification accuracy of this model on the Yelp 2015 dataset and the Amazon dataset is 74.37% and 62.57%, respectively. And the training speed of the model is better than most existing models, which verifies the effectiveness of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Crystal field splitting and dressing induced splitting coexist in 5D J -7F J transitions of Eu3+ ions. • Compare Stark splitting and dressing effect in different crystal phases of BiPO 4 micro-crystals. • The time-resolved excitation spectra of Eu3+-doped BiPO 4 at different delay time and excitation conditions. • The photon–phonon nested dressing theory is employed to explain the line-shape evolution. The Stark splitting of 5D J -7F J transitions has been investigated by time-resolved dressing excitation spectra in Eu3+-doped BiPO 4 micro-crystals with different phase structures. The evolution of the Stark transition peaks significantly depends on the laser power, bandwidth, delay time, temperature, and phase structures of BiPO 4 crystals. It is explained by photon-phonon coupling dressing effect. There is competition between the crystal field splitting and the dressing splitting alignment in the line-shape evolution. The time-resolved dressing excitation spectrum provides an effective method to investigate Stark splitting and modulate line-shape for applications in optical communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salicylic acid (SA) is a stress hormone synthesized in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and the branching acid pathway. SA has two interconvertible forms in plants: SAG (SA O-β-glucoside) and SA (free form). The molecular mechanism of conversion of SA to SAG had been reported previously. However, which genes regulate SAG to SA remained unknown. Here, we report a cytoplasmic β-glucosidase (β-Glu) which participates in the SA pathway and is involved in the brown hull pigmentation in rice grain. In the current study, an EMS-generated mutant brown hull 1 (bh1) displayed decreased contents of SA in hulls, a lower photosynthesis rate, and high-temperature sensitivity compared to the wild type (WT). A plaque-like phenotype (brown pigmentation) was present on the hulls of bh1, which causes a significant decrease in the seed setting rate. Genetic analysis revealed a mutation in LOC_Os01g67220, which encodes a cytoplasmic Os1βGlu4. The knock-out lines displayed the phenotype of brown pigmentation on hulls and decreased seed setting rate comparable with bh1. Overexpression and complementation lines of Os1βGlu4 restored the phenotype of hulls and normal seed setting rate comparable with WT. Subcellular localization revealed that the protein of Os1βGlu4 was localized in the cytoplasm. In contrast to WT, bh1 could not hydrolyze SAG into SA in vivo. Together, our results revealed the novel role of Os1βGlu4 in the accumulation of flavonoids in hulls by regulating the level of free SA in the cellular pool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The near-stoichiometric LiNbO3 (SLN) single crystals doped Mn2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ in 0.5mol% concentration in the raw compositions were grown by the Bridgman method under the conditions of taking K2O as flux, a high temperature gradient (90–100°C/cm) for solid–liquid interface. The XRD, absorption spectra, excitation spectra and emission spectra have been carried out. From the absorption edges of Mn2+, Co2+ and Ni2+-doped SLN crystals, the molar ratio of [Li+]/[Nb5+] are estimated to be about 0.977. The absorption spectra of Mn2+:SLN have shown a broad absorption band centered at ∼571nm (6A1g(6S)→ 4T1g(4G)), three absorption peaks at 520, 549 and 612nm (overlapping of the 4T1(F)–4A2(F), 4T1(F)–4T1(P)), and a wide absorption band at 1400nm (4T1(F)→ 4T2(F)) of Co2+:SLN, Ni2+:SLN, and five absorption peaks at 381nm (3A2g(F)→ 3T1g(P)), 733nm (3A2g(F)→ 3T1g(F)), 1280nm (3A2g(F)→ 3T2g(F)), 430nm (3A2g(F)→ 1T2g(D)), and 840nm (3A2g(F)→ 1E(D)) of Ni2+:SLN were observed. A red emission at 612nm (4T1g(4G)→ 6A1g(6S)) for Mn2+:SLN, a red emission at 775nm (4T1(P)→ 4T1(F)) for Co2+:SLN, and a green emission at 577nm (1T2g(D)→ 3A2g(F)) and a red emission at 820nm (1T2g(D)→ 3T2g(F)) for Ni2+:SLN were observed under excited by 416, 520 and 550nm lights, respectively. The concentration distribution of Mn2+, Co2+and Ni2+ ion in SLN crystals was investigated primarily from the absorption and emission spectra for various parts. The effective distribution coefficient for Mn2+ was less than 1. While, for Co2+ and Ni2+ were more than 1. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The chiral organic molecules glucose (C6H12O6) and griseofulvin (C17H17ClO6) were first uniformly incorporated in sol–gel derived materials. The polarity response, absorption spectra and thermal stability were measured and discussed. The DTA results indicated that the C6H12O6 and C17H17ClO6 in gels were stable in air at the temperature lower than 210 and 350 °C, respectively. An absorption band at about 1.4 μm due to OH- existed in the infrared absorption spectra of the gels. The similar behaviors of optical activity for the organic chiral molecules in solutions were hold in solid gels. The specific rotations for C6H12O6 and C17H17ClO6 in gels were -0.95 and -1.45°/cm, corresponding to the chiral parameter 1.55 × 10-7 and 2.37 × 10-7, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The growth of Fe doped LiNbO3 single crystals by the Bridgman method had been reported. Large-size, 0.04 mol% Fe2O3 containing single crystals with good optical property were obtained under the optimum conditions: choosing proper raw materials, sealed platinum crucibles and convex or plane solid–liquid interface with a temperature gradient around 20–30 °C/cm, at the growth rate of 1–3 mm/h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were used to characterize the single crystals. The UV–Visible spectra of lower and upper parts of the single crystals were measured and the Li and Fe concentrations in the crystals were analyzed by using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry. The results indicated that the overall Fe and Fe2+ concentration in the single crystal slightly increased from lower to upper parts. The addition of small amount of Fe ions induced bigger lattice parameters. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The growth of LiNbO3 crystals by the modified Bridgman method has been reported. The feed material with accurate congruent melt composition is suitable to grow the crystals. Composition change of the melt during growth can be avoided by sealing platinum crucibles. Using the optimum conditions such as growth rate of 1–3 mm/h and temperature gradient around 30°C/cm across the solid–liquid interface, the congruent LiNbO3 crystals without macro-defects have been grown successfully. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The growth of novel birefringent crystal α-BaB2O4 by the modified Bridgman method has been reported in this paper. By means of the optimum conditions such as stoichiometric feed materials, sealed platinum crucibles, [001] growth direction, growth rate less than 0.3 mm/h and convex or plane solid–liquid interface with temperature gradient 30–40 °C/cm, large-size crystals without macro-defects have been grown successfully. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The innovative bimetallic oxide, (Ce-In)Ox, derived from a (Ce-In)-metal organic framework (MOF), has been meticulously characterized to unveil its superior electrochemical properties. Harnessing the synergistic "dual-signal amplification" effect brought about by the collaborative actions of (Ce-In)Ox and COF TAPB-DMTP @Au-Apt (TAPB, 1,3,5-tris(4-aminopheny) benzene; DMTP, 2,5-dimethoxybenzene-1,4-dicarboxaldehyde; COF, covalent organic framework; Apt, aptamer), we developed an aptasensor. This aptasensor utilized methylene blue (MB) as its electrochemical signal probe, demonstrating unparalleled performance. Upon the presence of T-2 toxin, the aptamer undergoes a conformational change, leading to the detachment of MB from both the DNA duplex and the COF, thereby causing distinguishable electrochemical variations. Under the optimal conditions, the aptasensor achieved a detection limit as low as 7.6 × 10-8 ng mL-1 (S/N = 3) and proved proficient across a concentration range from 5.0 × 10-7 ng mL-1 to 5.0 ng mL-1. The robustness and reliability of this aptasensor were further validated using authentic crop samples, highlighting its immense potential in food safety and quality control applications. [Display omitted] • MOF-derived (Ce-In)Ox as a substrate material due to its excellent properties. • Detection of T-2 toxin achieved using a dual-signal amplification strategy. • Aptasensor achieved a remarkable detection limit of 7.6 × 10-8 ng mL-1 for T-2 toxin. • This aptasensor was successfully applied to detect T-2 toxin in corn samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reveal the influence of CFB slag on the mechanical and expansion properties of self-compacting recycled aggregate concrete (SCRAC), five SCRACs with different CFB slag replacement amounts were made, the cubic compressive strength test, the splitting tensile strength test, the axial compressive strength test, and the dry shrinkage test were carried out. The failure processes and failure forms of SCRAC under compression and tension were observed. The effects of the influence of the CFB slag replacement rate on the basic mechanical properties of SCRAC were analyzed. The conversion relationship between various mechanical indicators of SCRACs was explored. The drying shrinkage performance of SCRAC was tested using the grey theory. The test results indicate that the compressive failure of SCRAC using CFB slag as fine aggregate is similar to that of SCC. The results show that the cubic compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and axial compressive strength of self-compacting recycled concrete are the highest when the sand replacement ratio of CFB slag is 10%. The proposed conversion relationship between the cubic compressive strength of SCRAC and other mechanical properties indexes has high accuracy. GM (1, N) model and grey correlation analysis were established to analyze the influencing factors of drying shrinkage of SCRAC. The drying shrinkage deformation of SCRAC using CFB slag as fine aggregate has a hyperbola relationship with time, and a lower CFB slag sand replacement rate can compensate for the shrinkage of SCRAC. • The influence of CFB slag on the mechanical of self compacting recycled aggregate concrete(SCRAC). • The influence of CFB slag on the expansion properties of SCRAC. • The proposed conversion relationship of SCRAC. • Establishe GM(1, N) model and grey correlation analysis. • 5.Analyze the influencing factors of drying shrinkage of SCRAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Multi-line effectively improves the capture efficiency of the bacteria. • Trace amount of PDA NPs could be identified by Image J. • PDA NPs-based multi-line LFIAs of E. coli with the visual LOD of 102 CFU/mL. • PDA NPs-based multi-line LFIAs achieved a gray value LOD of 2.8 CFU/mL for E. coli detection. Lateral flow immunoassay strips (LFIAs) are a reliable and point-of-care detection method for rapid monitoring of bacteria, but their sensitivity was limited by the low extinction coefficient of colloidal gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and low capture efficiency of test-line. In this study, polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs) were employed to replace Au NPs, due to their high extinction coefficient. And the amount of test-line was increased to 5 for further improving the efficiency of bacteria capture. Thus, under visual observation, the detection limits of PDA-based LFIAs (102 CFU/mL) were about 2 orders of magnitude lower than Au-based LFIAs (104 CFU/mL). Furthermore, the invisible signal could be collected by Image J and the detection limit can reach 10 CFU/mL. The proposed test strips were successfully applied for the quantitative, accurate, and rapid screening of E. coli in food samples. This study provided a universal approach to enhance the sensitivity of bacteria LFIAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A total of 69 core cell cycle genes (CCCs) family members were identified in the longan genome. • Either silencing of CKS or CYCD3;2 increased the expression of RB-E2F pathway-related genes. • Silencing of CYCD3;2 might lead to apoptosis in longan embryogenic callus. • ABA, 2,4-D and PEG4000 could increase the expression of all selected longan CCCs , while NaCl did not. Core cell cycle genes (CCCs) are essential regulators of cell cycle operation. In this study, a total of 69 CCCs family members, including 37 CYCs , 20 CDKs , five E2F/DPs , three KRPs , two RBs , one CKS and one Wee1 , were identified from the longan genome. Phylogenetic and motifs analysis showed the evolutionary conservation of CCCs. Transcriptome dataset showed that CCCs had various expression patterns during longan early somatic embryogenesis (SE). Either CKS or CYCD3;2 silencing increased the expression of RB-E2F pathway genes, and the silencing of CYCD3;2 might induce the process of apoptosis in longan embryogenic callus (EC) cells. In addition, The qRT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of CDKG2 , CYCD3;2 , CYCT1;2 , CKS and KRP1 were elevated by ABA, 2,4-D and PEG4000 treatments, while CDKG2 and CYCT1;2 were inhibited by NaCl treatment. In conclusion, our study provided valuable information for understanding the characterization and biological functions of longan CCCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth of LiNbO3 single crystal doped with Eu3+ ions by the Bridgman method and the characteristics of temperature-dependent emission spectra were reported. By means of the optimized conditions such as proper raw materials, sealed platinum crucibles, growth rate of 1–3 mm h−1 and convex or plane solid–liquid interface with a temperature gradient around 20–30 °C cm−1, large size crystals containing 0.1 mol% Eu3+ ion with good optical quality were obtained. X-ray diffraction and DTA were used to characterize the crystals. The temperature-dependence emission spectra of lower and upper part of crystals from 77 to 600 K were investigated under the excitation of a 488 nm light. The results show that, for the upper part of crystal, the fluorescence intensity of Eu3+ ions increased with increasing the temperature as a whole. However, for the lower part, it first increased with increasing the temperature, and then decreased obviously with increasing the temperature. The variations of fluorescence intensity for the lower and upper parts of crystals were discussed. The decrease of emission intensity was induced by the temperature-quenching effect. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Eu2O3 was incorporated into Na2O–TeO2–ZnO glasses by a melting method in air atmosphere. The fluorescence, excitation spectra of the glasses, was studied. The results indicate that some of the europium ions in the glass exist in state of divalent although they were prepared at air atmosphere. The IR spectra of the glasses were measured. The structural and compositional effects on the state of europium ions were discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

[Display omitted] • Triethylamine-responsive QDs based on supramolecular self-assembly was synthesized. • Fluorescence of QD621/ZnS/HPEISA increased greatly after adding triethylamine. • QD621/ZnS/HPEISA supramolecular self-assembly was cleaved by excess triethylamine. • Released QDs/HPEI nanocomposites could easily be endocytosed by the L929 cells. A new strategy for the construction, release and cellular imaging application of triethylamine-responsive fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) based on supramolecular self-assembly has been described. The supramolecular self-assembly (HPEI/SA), which was constructed through the electrostatic interactions between terminal amine groups of hyperbranched polyethylenimines (HPEI) and carboxylic acid groups of stearic acid (SA), first captured aqueous Zn2+ ions into the hydrophilic dendritic core and subsequently encapsulated QDs/S2- by the complexation interactions and reactions between Zn2+ and S2- on QDs. Due to the pH-responsive property of the HPEI/SA supramolecular self-assembly, the fluorescence of encapsulated QDs is sensitive to the triethylamine/SA mole ratio, and the encapsulated QDs can be released to the aqueous phase by cleaving HPEI/SA. The resulting fluorescent QDs/HPEI nanocomposites show promising prospects in bioimaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Nonviral gene vector with folate/magnetism targeting based on hyperbranched polymer. • FA-PEG-HPEI as nanoreactors to prepare superparamagnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanocrystals. • Fe 3 O 4 /FA-PEG-HPEI have higher luciferase expression level than HPEI. A new strategy for in situ preparation of non-viral gene vectors with folate/magnetism dual targeting based on hyperbranched polymers has been described. Folate-PEG-grafted-hyperbranched poly(ethylenimine)s (FA-PEG-HPEI) were synthesized and used as nanoreactors to prepare monodisperse Fe 3 O 4 nanocrystals (NCs). The FA-PEG-HPEI had FA targeting groups, low cytotoxicity and ideal gene transfection performance, while Fe 3 O 4 NCs had superparamagnetic property, thus the resulting Fe 3 O 4 /FA-PEG-HPEI nanocomposites integrated the properties of FA-PEG-HPEI and Fe 3 O 4 NCs together. As expected, the Fe 3 O 4 /FA-PEG-HPEI nanocomposites as non-viral gene vectors with folate/magnetism dual targeting had improved luciferase expression level in HEK 293T and Hela cells under a magnetic gradient field. The luciferase expression level mediated by Fe 3 O 4 /FA-PEG-HPEI nanocomposites in HEK 293T and Hela cells under a magnetic gradient field were 21 and 29 fold of that of standard HPEI transfection, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the preparation of small sized silver (Au) doped gel via sol-gel process, where the Au particles were introduced directly from colloidal Au aqueous solution. Chemical and homogeneous mixing of the aqueous solution of colloidal Au particles with the sol system in the liquid state; Formation of a stable condensed solid with homogeneously dispersive Au particles; Use of a transmission electron microscope to observe the red transparent gels obtained.