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The atomically precise mental nanoclusters have been widely explored in catalysis. However, the easy aggregation of clusters limits their application. The porous structure of metal-organic framework can prevent the aggregation and growth of clusters. In this work, a copper-phosphine complex: Cu 2 (dppm) 2 (PF 6) 2 (Cu 2) was synthesized by one-pot method and then reacted with hydrogen sulfide to obtain a tetranuclear copper cluster: Cu 4 (S)(dppm) 4 (PF 6) 2 (Cu 4). The two copper clusters were successfully introduced into Zeolitic imidazole frameworks-67 (ZIF-67) to form Cu 2 -ZIF-67 and Cu 4 -ZIF-67. It found that after the introduction of Cu cluster, the pore size of ZIF-67 was increased leading to more exposed Co2+ and more unsaturated coordination mental sites, which is beneficial for electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The OER ability of pure ZIF-67 was enhanced after the introduction of Cu 2 and Cu 4 clusters, in which Cu 4 -ZIF-67 displayed the best electrochemical performance. At 10 mA cm−2, it requires an overpotential of 340 mV. The lower Tafel slope and smaller charge transfer resistance reflect its faster dynamic process. This work provides a new idea for the development of OER electrocatalysts. • Atomically precise Cu clusters have been successfully introduced into ZIF-67. • After the introduction of Cu clusters, the pore size of ZIF-67 has been broaden and the coordination environment of Co2+ have been changed. • More Co2+ ions were exposed and rich unsaturated coordination sites were formed after the introduction of Cu clusters. • The electrochemical OER ability of ZIF-67 has been greatly improved after the introduction of Cu clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, W. Berndt and S. Sra (Hlawka-Popoviciu inequalities on positive definite tensors. Linear Algebra Appl. 2015;486:317–327) proved a Popoviciu type inequality for any arbitrary finite number of positive definite matrices. In this paper, we proved a quantitative Popoviciu type inequality for four positive semi-definite matrices, which is stronger than Berndt-Sra's corresponding result and also a generalization of Hong-Qi's (Refinements of two determinantal inequalities for positive semidefinite matrices. Math Inequal Appl. 2022;25(3):673–678) result. As applications, we partially recovered our early result in F. Wang (A quantitative Popoviciu type inequality, submitted.] and obtained a quantitative Hartfiel inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims/Introduction Materials and Methods Results Conclusions To assess whether the sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, henagliflozin, improves cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes.We carried out a prospective study on 290 patients with type 2 diabetes and cognitive impairment. Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores and plasma phosphorylated tau181 levels were used to assess cognition. The association between henagliflozin use and changes in cognition was examined using multivariable logistic regression analysis.Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores at enrollment and after 6 months were 21 (interquartile range [IQR]19–23) versus 22 (IQR 20–25; P < 0.0001) in all patients, 21 (IQR 19–23) versus 24 (IQR 22–26; P < 0.0001) in the henagliflozin group and 21 (IQR 19–22) versus 21 (IQR 19–23; P > 0.05) in the non‐sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor group. Logistic regression analysis showed that henagliflozin treatment was associated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment score improvement independent of potential confounders (odds ratio [OR] 3.670, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.224–6.056, P < 0.0001). Additionally, plasma phosphorylated tau181 levels significantly decreased at 6‐month follow up in all patients (OR 11.5, 95% CI 9.9–13.7 vs OR 10.1, 95% CI 7.8–12.9, P < 0.0001) and in the henagliflozin group (OR 11.5, 95% CI 10.3–13.0 vs OR 9.2, 95% CI 7.1–10.7, P < 0.0001), but not in the non‐sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor group. Henagliflozin treatment was independently associated with decreased phosphorylated tau181 levels (OR 3.670, 95% CI 1.598–4.213, P < 0.0001).Henagliflozin treatment was independently associated with improvements in Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores and plasma phosphorylated tau181 levels, indicating significant beneficial effects on cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monsoon precipitation variability over the Indo‐China Peninsula (ICP) has become more complicated affected by global warming. In this study, the modulation of Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) on the relationship between El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the rainy season onset over the ICP were investigated. The results showed that the ICP rainy season onset were predominantly correlated with winter sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the East Pacific Ocean, with late and early onsets following El Niño and La Niña events, respectively. During the warm and cold PDO phase, the correlations tended to be substantially strengthened and weakened, respectively. Further analysis indicates that PDO significantly influenced the effects of ENSO on the ICP rainy season onset by modulating SSTAs and low‐level wind fields. During the El Niño events, abnormal easterlies over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and southern ICP suppressed water vapour transporting to the ICP, which may be related to the zonal SST anomaly gradient between the Indian Ocean and the Northwest Pacific Ocean. When the El Niño occurred during the warm PDO phase, the rainy season onsets were later. The anomalous easterlies became stronger corresponds to the increasing zonal sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) gradient between the Indian Ocean and the Northwest Pacific Ocean. There was no significant anomaly on the rainy season onset during the cold PDO phase. During the La Niña events, the abnormal westerlies in BOB accelerated water vapour transport, and the rainy season onset were earlier during the warm and cold PDO phase. The modulating effects of PDO on La Niña were less than those on El Niño. These results suggest that the predictability of rainy season onset over the ICP can be improved through PDO and thus help agricultural planning and water resources management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Converting low-grade thermal energy into electrical energy is crucial for the development of modern smart wearable energy technologies. The free-standing films of PEDOT@Bi2Te3 prepared by tape-casting hold promise for flexible thermoelectric technology in self-powered sensing applications. Bi2Te3 nanosheets fabricated by the solvothermal method are tightly connected with flat-arranged PEODT molecules, forming an S-Bi bonded interface in the composite materials, and the bandgap is reduced to 1.63 eV. Compared with the PEDOT film, the mobility and carrier concentration of the composite are significantly increased at room temperature, and the conductivity reaches 684 S/cm. Meanwhile, the carrier concentration decreased sharply at 360 K indicating the creation of defect energy levels during the interfacial reaction of the composites, which increased the Seebeck coefficient. The power factor was improved by 68.9% compared to PEDOT. In addition, the introduction of Bi2Te3 nanosheets generated defects and multidimensional interfaces in the composite film, which resulted in weak phonon scattering in the conducting polymer with interfacial scattering. The thermal conductivity of the film is decreased and the ZT value reaches 0.1. The composite film undergoes 1500 bending cycles with a 14% decrease in conductivity and has good flexibility. This self-supporting flexible thermoelectric composite film has provided a research basis for low-grade thermal energy applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalytic oxidation is widely recognized as a highly effective approach for eliminating highly toxic CO. The current challenge lies in designing catalysts that possess exceptional low-temperature activity and stability. In this work, we have prepared ultrafine platinum particles of ~1 nm diameter dispersed on a MgFe2O4 support and found that the addition of 3 wt.% FeOx into the 3Pt/MgFe2O4 significantly improves its activity and stability. At an ultra-low temperature of 30 °C, the CO can be totally converted to CO2 over 3FeOx-3Pt/MgFe2O4. High and stable performances of CO-catalytic oxidation can be obtained at 60 °C on 3FeOx-3Pt/MgFe2O4 over 35 min on-stream at WHSV = 30,000 mL/(g·h). Based on a series of characterizations including BET, XRD, ICP, STEM, H2-TPR, XPS, CO-DRIFT, O2-TPD and CO-TPD, it was disclosed that the relatively high activity and stability of 3FeOx-3Pt/MgFe2O4 is due to the fact that the addition of FeOx could facilitate the antioxidant capacity of Pt and oxygen mobility and increase the proportion of adsorbed oxygen species and the amounts of adsorbed CO. These results are helpful in designing Pt-based catalysts exhibiting higher activity and stability at low temperatures for the catalytic oxidation of CO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limited studies have explored novel pancreatic cancer (PC) subtypes or prognostic biomarkers based on the altered activity of relevant signaling pathway gene sets. Here, we employed non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) to identify three immune subtypes of PC based on C7 immunologic signature gene set activity in PC and normal samples. Cluster 1, the immune-inflamed subtype, showed a higher response rate to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and had the lowest tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) scores. Cluster 2, the immune-excluded subtype, exhibited strong associations with stromal activation, characterized by elevated expression levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, cell adhesion, extracellular matrix remodeling, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related genes. Cluster 3, the immune-desert subtype, displayed limited immune activity. For prognostic prediction, we developed an immune-related prognostic risk model (IRPM) based on four immune-related prognostic genes in pancreatic cancer, RHOF, CEP250, TSC1, and KIF20B. The IRPM demonstrated excellent prognostic efficacy and successful validation in an external cohort. Notably, the key gene in the prognostic model, RHOF, exerted significant influence on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells through in vitro experiments. Furthermore, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of somatic mutational landscapes and immune landscapes in PC patients with different IRPM risk scores. Our findings accurately stratified patients based on their immune microenvironment and predicted immunotherapy responses, offering valuable insights for clinicians in developing more targeted clinical strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To develop and validate a preoperative nomogram model combining the radiomics signature and clinical features for preoperative prediction of visceral pleural invasion (VPI) in lung nodules presenting as part‐solid density. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 156 patients with pathologically confirmed invasive lung adenocarcinomas after surgery from January 2016 to August 2019. The patients were split into training and validation sets by a ratio of 7:3. The radiomic features were extracted with the aid of FeAture Explorer Pro (FAE). A CT‐based radiomics model was constructed to predict the presence of VPI and internally validated. Multivariable regression analysis was conducted to construct a nomogram model, and the performance of the models were evaluated with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and compared with each other. Results: The enrolled patients were split into training (n = 109) and validation sets (n = 47). A total of 806 features were extracted and the selected 10 optimal features were used in the construction of the radiomics model among the 707 stable features. The AUC of the nomogram model was 0.888 (95% CI: 0.762–0.961), which was superior to the clinical model (0.787, 95% CI: 0.643–0.893; p = 0.049) and comparable to the radiomics model (0.879, 95% CI: 0.751–0.965; p > 0.05). The nomogram model achieved a sensitivity of 90.5% and a specificity of 76.9% in the validation dataset. Conclusions: The nomogram model could be considered as a noninvasive method to predict VPI with either highly sensitive or highly specific diagnoses depending on clinical needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sensitive glucose colorimetric detection system (Au@QCM) based on quaternized cellulose membrane (QCM) and enzyme‐mimicking Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) was successfully developed via a simple molecular self‐assembly strategy. The positively charged QCM functioned as a template to guide the negatively charged citric acid‐reduced AuNPs uniformly distributed on the surfaces along the pore walls of its porous structure, and thus gave AuNPs an ordered interconnected three‐dimensional network. This electrostatic interaction could effectively prevent the aggregation of the AuNPs and greatly increase their exposed surface area, thus endow the Au@QCM with highly active catalytic properties towards glucose oxidation with glucose oxidase (GOx). The experimental studies showed that the color change of redox indicator 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) can be clearly observed with naked eyes and the absorbance of the oxidized TMB (at 653 nm) was directly proportional to the concentration of glucose. Au@QCM could achieve a sensitive glucose detection with a limit of detection of 0.55 μM and linear response in the range of 0.01–0.5 mM. Besides, it also had good applicability in real samples detection and excellent selectivity to glucose. This novel detection system significantly improved detection performance compared to previous work based on cellulose‐based strips loaded with GOx and horseradish peroxides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence of diseases that are caused by fungal infection is gradually increasing, together with antibiotic abuse and the number of patients with hypoimmunity. The many challenges in clinical anti-fungi treatment include serious adverse effects and drug resistance. The mitochondria of fungi have been found to be closely associated with pathopoiesia and drug resistance. Hence, we investigated patterns in Candida mitochondrial genes codon usage bias to provide new information to guide anti-fungal research. According to the nucleotide composition results, most mitochondrial genes of the analysed Candida tended to use A/T bases rather than G/C bases. The relative synonymous codon usage values demonstrated that UUA, AGU, CCU, GCU, UGA, AGA and GGU were the common preferential codons of mitochondrial genes in 12 Candida species. Codon adaptation index (CAI) analysis indicated that the ATP9 of Candida parapsilosis had the highest value, and the ND6 of C. auris had the lowest value. The CAI clearly correlated with the codon bias index, except in C. maltose and C. viswanathii, and was significantly positively correlated with the average GC content. Together, our results suggested that the codon usage pattern is affected by multiple factors, among which GC content is critical. Nucleotide composition, selection pressure and mutation pressure influence codon bias in Candida mitochondrial genes, with dominant status to mutation pressure. Codon usage bias analyses of Candida mitochondrial genes may provide new insight into its evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yohen Tenmoku, a masterpiece of Jian kiln with bright blue rendering effect under different incident light, is lack research as only three intact pieces exist in the world. Herein, this study was fortunate to work with Jianxing Sun to conduct technical characterization and material analysis of the imitation Yohen Tenmoku (Song). Black oil spots are composed of magnetite (10–25 µm) and Al doping in hematite (1–3 µm) precipitated on the glaze surface. Brilliant blue color a combination of the bright blue structural color resulting from the coherent scattering of amorphous photonic crystals composed of spherical phase separation structures of 130 nm and the coloring of iron ions produced in a weak reducing atmosphere by the addition of high iron glazes with composite alkali (CaO and MgO). Continuous refraction and reflection of the structural color between the blue glass phases gives the glaze a shiny and dazzling blue color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cable-stayed bridges have been commonly used on high-speed railways. The design, construction, and maintenance of cable-stayed bridges necessitate an accurate assessment of the cable temperature field. However, the temperature fields of cables have not been well established. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the distribution of the temperature field, the time variability of temperatures, and the representative value of temperature actions in stayed cables. A cable segment experiment, spanning over one year, is conducted near the bridge site. Based on the monitoring temperatures and meteorological data, the distribution of the temperature field is studied, and the time variability of cable temperatures is investigated. The findings show that the temperature distribution is generally uniform along the cross-section without a significant temperature gradient, while the amplitudes of the annual cycle variation and daily cycle variation in temperatures are significant. To accurately determine the temperature deformation of a cable, it is necessary to consider both the daily temperature fluctuations and the annual cycle of uniform temperatures. Then, using the gradient boosted regression trees method, the relationship between the cable temperature and multiple environmental variables is explored, and representative cable uniform temperatures for design are obtained by the extreme value analysis. The presented data and results provide a good basis for the operation and maintenance of in-service long-span cable-stayed bridges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate whether the combination scheme of deep learning score (DL-score) and radiomics can improve preoperative diagnosis in the presence of micropapillary/solid (MPP/SOL) patterns in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC). A retrospective cohort of 514 confirmed pathologically lung ADC in 512 patients after surgery was enrolled. The clinicoradiographic model (model 1) and radiomics model (model 2) were developed with logistic regression. The deep learning model (model 3) was constructed based on the deep learning score (DL-score). The combine model (model 4) was based on DL-score and R-score and clinicoradiographic variables. The performance of these models was evaluated with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and compared using DeLong's test internally and externally. The prediction nomogram was plotted, and clinical utility depicted with decision curve. The performance of model 1, model 2, model 3 and model 4 was supported by AUCs of 0.848, 0.896, 0.906, 0.921 in the Internal validation set, that of 0.700, 0.801, 0.730, 0.827 in external validation set, respectively. These models existed statistical significance in internal validation (model 4 vs model 3, P = 0.016; model 4 vs model 1, P = 0.009, respectively) and external validation (model 4 vs model 2, P = 0.036; model 4 vs model 3, P = 0.047; model 4 vs model 1, P = 0.016, respectively). The decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated that model 4 predicting the lung ADC with MPP/SOL structure would be more beneficial than the model 1and model 3 but comparable with the model 2. The combined model can improve preoperative diagnosis in the presence of MPP/SOL pattern in lung ADC in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mineralogical characterization was conducted on granite waste (GW), an overabundant waste generated during granite processing. The evolution of the crystalline phases and microstructure during heating at different temperatures was also investigated using a set of quenched samples. The results showed that mica and chlorite were the main minor phases in granite waste. Both spinel and hematite crystallized from thermally decomposed micas, accompanied by the formation of bubbles. These two crystallization routes occurred respectively at approximately 1030 °C and 1170 °C, as confirmed by thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD). An enrichment in iron correlated with the crystallization of a layer of hematite at the surface of the samples fired at temperatures over 1300 °C was observed, which was linked to the rise of bubbles from the interior to the surface. The feasibility of recovering quartz and feldspar from GW and using GW to reproduce iron-rich temmoku glazes and building ceramics was also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of compound Chinese medicine feed additives on growth performance, slaughter performance, meat quality and immune function of finishing pigs. A total of 120 finishing pigs were randomly divided into four groups, with three replicates in each group and 10 pigs in each replicate. Control group, low-dose group, medium-dose group and high-dose group were supplemented with 0, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0% compound traditional Chinese medicine feed additives in the basal diet, respectively. The pre-test lasted for 7 d, and the formal test lasted for 56 d. The results showed that compared with control group, final weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage and carcass skew length of finishing pigs in high-dose group were significantly increased (P<0.05), while back fat thickness was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The average daily gain of finishing pigs in all dose groups was significantly increased (P<0.05). The average daily feed intake of finishing pigs in medium dose group and high dose group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the feed to gain ratio was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the pH24 h value of finishing pigs in high-dose group was significantly increased (P<0.05), the shear force and drip loss rate in medium-dose and high-dose groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the cooking loss rate in all dose groups was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the content of IgA and IL-2 in serum of finishing pigs in medium-dose group and high-dose group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the content of serum IgG in all dose groups was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with control group, spleen index of finishing pigs in highdose group was significantly increased (P<0.05). The study indicates that with the increase of the dosage of compound Chinese medicine feed additive in the diet of finishing pigs, the growth performance, slaughter performance, meat quality and immune function of finishing pigs are gradually enhanced, and the appropriate dosage is 1.0%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the atmospheric temperature and solar radiation, the effects of temperature variation in bridge structures should be considered. Such variation induces notable deformations and movements, jeopardizing the safety of bridges and high-speed trains operations. However, the temperature action is a random process and its distribution is difficult to determine. The existing methods for analyzing structural temperatures are insufficient to meet the precision requirement. Therefore, the accurate prediction of extreme structural temperatures relates to the accurate evaluation on the bridge safety. This paper proposes a robust and accurate model for predicting the extreme structural temperature of a bridge. A field experiment, spanning over 2 years, was carried out on a high-speed railway bridge; and the long-term (56-years) atmospheric temperature data was adopted. Probabilistic models for the structural temperature were established using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model and the Generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) model; and the predictions on the uniform structural temperature (T u ) with 50 and 100 years return periods are presented. Additionally, the performance between the MaxEnt model and the GPD model is compared, based on the estimates with different return levels. The results show that the MaxEnt model is more stable and is significantly robust to the variation of sample sizes; and indicates that the MaxEnt model reduces the uncertainty of outcomes and avoids the high risk of bias. The MaxEnt model has a great potential to the applications of the extreme value analysis with small sample size. It offers a wider applicability and helps solve practical problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sauce glaze is one of the main varieties of glazes produced in the Yaozhou kilns during the Song Dynasty. It is famous for its reddish-brown color and high gloss. In this work, the elemental composition, morphology, structure, and light reflectivity of glazes of archeological sherds were systematically studied. A large number of ε-Fe 2 O 3 dendritic crystals were observed in the glazes. Alkali etching was implemented to remove the glassy matrix surrounding these crystals to further investigate their microstructure. SEM observations emphasize that they are composed of well-arranged parallel branches separated by about 230 nm, each of which consisting of offset stacks of many small flake-shaped crystals, with the offset ranging from 100 to 110 nm. Based on these results, the origin of the reddish-brown color and high gloss was discussed. In addition, cordierite crystals were observed for the first time in the sauce glaze from Yaozhou kilns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study focuses on middle and late Dawenkou Culture burial pottery—cookware, drinking ware, and tableware—recently unearthed from the Jiaojia site. Through the application of X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), we have revealed for the first time that the compositional difference of Jiaojia burial pottery is related to the category and function of wares. Calcium‐poor clay was used for cookware and tableware, whereas calcium‐rich clay was used for drinking ware. The pottery body's mineralogical assemblage and chemical composition results point to the careful selection and preparation of raw materials and oxidizing fire temperatures between 750 and 950°C. In most cases, the temperatures used for firing drinking ware were generally higher than those used for firing tableware and cookware. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that can cause systemic infections in immunocompromised individuals. Morphological transition and biofilm formation are major virulence factors of C. albicans. Moreover, biofilm enhances resistance to antifungal agents. Therefore, it is urgent to identify new and effective compounds to target the biofilm of C. albicans. In the present study, the antifungal activities of equol against C. albicans were investigated. In vitro, the microdilution analysis and spot assay result showed that equol exhibited potent inhibitory activities against C. albicans. Further investigations confirmed that the antifungal effects of equol involved interference with the transition from yeast to hypha and biofilm formation of C. albicans. In addition, transcriptome sequencing and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that equol significantly downregulated the expression of several genes in the Ras1-cAMP-PKA pathway related to hyphae and biofilm formation, and significantly upregulated the expression of the negative transcriptional repressors RFG1 and TUP1. Moreover, equol effectively reduced the production of cAMP, a key messenger in the Ras1-cAMP-PKA pathway, while supplementation with cAMP partly rescued the equol-induced defects in hyphal development. Furthermore, in a mouse model of systemic candidiasis (SC), equol treatment significantly decreased the fungal burden (liver, kidneys, and lung) in mice and local tissue damage, while enhancing the production of interleukin-10 (IL-10). Together, these findings confirm that equol is a potentially effective agent for treatment of SC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As a novel drug, vonoprazan (VPZ) has been developed as a new strategy against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections. However, whether VPZ + amoxicillin (AMO) dual therapy has a clear advantage is still unclear. Objective: To review and meta-analyze the available literature investigating the efficacy and safety of H. pylori eradication in VPZ dual therapy. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. Data sources and methods: We performed a systematic search in the PubMed, Embase, EIsevier/Science Library, and Cochrane Library databases from 2015 to 2022. Meta-analyses were conducted to evaluate the actual cure rate and the incidence rate of adverse reactions in dual therapy and VPZ + AMO + clarithromycin (CLA) triple therapy; furthermore, eradication rates in CLA-resistant infections and different doses of antibiotics were evaluated in subgroup analysis. Results: Seven studies with 1490 patients were included in this meta-analysis. According to intention-to-treat analysis, the actual cure rates of VPZ dual and triple therapy were 82.8% and 84.6%, respectively [ p = 0.29, odds ratio (OR): 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.64–1.14]. And in the per-protocol analysis, the actual cure rates of these two therapies were 84.8% and 87.0%, respectively (p = 0.21, OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.57–1.13). The incidence of adverse reactions between VPZ dual and triple therapy was 26.1% versus 29.6% (p = 0.04, OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.61–0.99). In subgroup analysis, the eradication rates in CLA-resistant infections were dual therapy: 85.7% for VPZ versus 71.0% for triple therapy (p = 0.03, OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.10–5.05). And the actual cure rate of VPZ with high-dose antibiotics was lower than with low-dose antibiotics (p = 0.000 in dual therapy; p = 0.011 in triple therapy). Conclusion: A combination of VPZ and a low dose of AMO should be prioritized as a treatment option for H. pylori eradication. Registration: PROSPERO registration number CRD42022346100. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Density functional theory was used to illuminate the reaction mechanism of Ni(0)‐NHC‐catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular CH cyclization of indoles. The ωB97XD functional with 6‐31G(d,p) basis set (SDD for nickel) was employed to optimize all intermediates and transition states. The computations revealed that the reactivity of C1H bond was the best among all CH bonds of indole catalyzed by the Ni‐NHC complex, and in the C1H bond activation, the concerted oxidative addition was more dominant than the ligand‐to‐ligand H transfer reaction, due to the lower free energy barrier. The most favorable channels predicted theoretically went through the ligand‐to‐ligand H transfer reaction and reductive elimination, and two chiral products ((R)‐ and (S)‐tetrahydroindolizines) were coexisted as a result of similar transition states and little difference in free energy barrier. Hence, the model ligand L1 was not good for the regioselectivity. Nevertheless, another ligand L2, a chiral N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand, gave good regioselectivity, and it changed the rate‐determining step and generally decreased the free energies of transition states and intermediates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: NADPH oxidases (NOXs) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are involved in physiological and pathological processes, and cell fate decisions in organisms. However, regulatory mechanism of NOXs and the role of H2O2 on fungal sexual reproduction and host infection remain largely unexplored. Here, we identified ROS metabolic genes and key signalling genes of MAPK and cAMP‐PKA pathways in Curvularia lunata, which were NOX ClNOX1 and ClNOXR, superoxide dismutase ClSOD1 and catalase ClCAT4, redox‐regulated transcription factor ClAP1, Ras small GTPases Clg2P, pheromone‐response MAPK ClK1 and cAMP‐PKA ClSCHA, and characterized the functions of these genes. The results showed that ClNOX1 localized to the plasma membrane. ClNOX1 and ClNOXR were involved in sexual reproduction and host infection via ClNOX1/ClNOXR‐derived H2O2 as well as MAPK and cAMP‐PKA signalling pathways. H2O2 acted as a signalling molecule to regulate sexual reproduction and host infection in C. lunata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: According to the design of the experiment (DoE), multivariate analysis models were used to optimize the critical process parameters combined with multi-objective optimization. Based on the optimized operating conditions, the MILT-HD method not only enhances the extraction efficiency from Amomi fructus but also reduces energy demands and CO2 emissions. Based on the density functional theoretical (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the mechanisms for ionic liquids (ILs) to improve the extraction efficiency of essential oil was comprehensively revealed. In this paper, Amomi fructus (Latin) was used to explore the mechanism of ionic liquids (ILs) in improving the extraction efficiency of essential oils. Microwave assisted ionic liquid treatment followed by a hydro-distillation (MILT-HD) process for isolating Amomi fructus essential oil was optimized by multi-objective optimization. Under optimum operating conditions, the IL-assisted extraction method not only enhances extraction efficiency but also reduces energy demands and CO2 emissions. Since the hydrogen bond structure network of cellulose in the cell wall is an important reason for hindering diffusion of essential oils, the mechanism of ILs was explored by density functional theoretical (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. According to DFT calculations, ILs can facilitate the cleavage of cellulose chains and have strong non-covalent interactions with cellulose. Based on the MD simulations, the degree of destruction of the cellulose hydrogen bond structure was explored. According to the DFT and MD simulations, the ILs can significantly destroy cellulose structure, thereby promoting essential oil release from the plant. These results were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). This work is conducive to better understand the MILT-HD process for isolating essential oil and comprehensively understand the mechanism of ILs in the extraction process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preparation of R 2 O-RO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -P 2 O 5 system phase-separated celadon glaze by using Zijin clay is investigated, which with the potential of environmental protection. Si and SiC were introduced to reduce iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3) in an oxidizing environment. UV–vis–NIR, XRD, Raman, XPS, SEM, and TEM were used to explore the effects of reducing agents on the glaze color, microstructure, and phase structures. The results indicated that the introduction of 0.5 wt% Si and 0.5 wt% SiC will change the chemical state of iron ions. More concretely, the ratio of Fe2+/Fe3+ changed from 22.9/77.1–72.2/27.8 and 60.2/39.8, respectively, and the Si4+-O-Fe2+ was the main coloring factor, which made glazes appear blue green. Among them, the Si4+ produced by the introduction of Si contributed to the formation of the fancy patterns, but phase separation droplets formed the weak structural color. The glazes with SiC had the Rayleigh scattering effect, which was combined with the chemical color to improve the blue-green lightness of glazes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to understand how sleep duration could affect depression among elderly in China. A total of 7103 individuals aged 60 and older were selected from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. A generalized linear mixed-effects model was used to estimate the relationship between sleep duration and depression, and we performed stratified analyses by age: young-old elderly, old-old elderly and oldest-old elderly. Short sleep duration significantly incresased CES-D10 depression scores. In addition, the participants with middle sleep duration had higher CES-D10 scores compared to the participants with long sleep duration among young-old elderly, and we found that middle sleep duration was not significantly different from CES-D10 scores after adjustment for demographics, frequencies of activities and Chronic diseases. These findings suggested that there was a complex association between depression and sleep duration among elderly in China. Different from previous research results on the middle or normal sleep time of the elderly, the middle sleep duration maybe not optimal sleep duration in this study. Investigation of sleep extension to prevent depression may be warranted among the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Anlotinib is an anti-angiogenetic multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) in the real world. Methods: Patients with aNSCLC receiving anlotinib were enrolled in two cohorts (treatment naive and previously treated). The endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and anlotinib-related adverse events (ar-AEs). Results: 203 patients accrued in the study. In the treatment-naïve cohort (n = 80), the PFS was 7.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.1–10.7) and OS was 10.8 (95% CI 5.8–15.8) months of monotherapy group (immature survival for combination group). In previously treated cohort (n = 123), the PFS was 8.0 months (95% CI 6.1–9.9) in the combination group and 4.3 months (95% CI 2.1–6.6) in the monotherapy group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.49; 95% CI 0.29–0.83; p = 0.007), respectively. The OS was 18.5 months (95% CI 10.5–26.6) in the combination group and 7.8 months (95% CI 7.1–8.4) in the monotherapy group (HR 0.38; 95% CI 0.22–0.66; p = 0.001), respectively. The ar-AEs of grade ≥ 3 in the monotherapy and the combination groups were hypertension (9.0 and 8.7%), fatigue (8.1 and 7.6%), hand-foot syndrome (8.1 and 6.5%), diarrhea (5.4 and 8.7%), proteinuria (5.4 and 5.4%), and mucositis oral (6.3 and 8.7%). Conclusion: In aNSCLC, anlotinib monotherapy has a promising efficacy in the first-line setting. It may be an option for those who are ineligible for chemotherapy; anlotinib combination therapy in a ≥ second-line setting showed manageable toxicities and encouraging efficacy, indicating a good application prospect. Trial registration: This study was retrospectively registered with ISRCTN Registry (ID ISRCTN35543977) on January 26th, 2021 and Chinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR2000032265) on April 4th, 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using different iron sources of industrial iron oxide, loess, slag, and golden soil, iron elements were introduced into the formula respectively, and celadon samples were prepared in a reducing atmosphere. To reveal the influence of iron source on glaze color, the celadon samples were analyzed by Spectrophotometer, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The results show that the glaze color of the samples is quite different, samples using iron oxide and golden soil as iron source raw materials are sky-green, the loess sample is olive green, and the slag sample is similar to the bean green. There are many quartz crystals in the glaze of iron oxide samples, and the turbidity is high. The liquid-liquid phase separation size close to the quartz crystal is large, and far away from the crystal is small. Industrial iron oxide is the easiest to reduce, followed by goethite in golden soil, and reduction of hematite in slag and the iron in loess in the form of isomorphic is successively more difficult. The difference in the form of occurrence of iron is the most essential factor that causes the difference in glaze color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light is necessary for primordium differentiation and fruiting body development for most edible fungi; however, light perception and signal transduction have only been well studied in model fungi. In this study, a hierarchical network of transcriptional response to light in Cordyceps militaris, one of the edible fungi, has been described on a genome-wide scale using dynamic transcriptome analysis. It was shown that light regulated the transcript of 1722 genes, making up 18% of the whole genome of C. militaris. Analysis of light-responsive genes in C. militaris identified 4 categories: immediate-early, early, late, and continuous light-responsive genes, and the gene number increased distinctly with prolonged light exposure. Light-responsive genes with distinct functional categories showed specific time-dependent regulation. The target genes of CmWC-1, the most important photoreceptor, were revealed by ChIP-seq. A total of 270 significant peaks corresponding to 427 genes were identified to be directly regulated by CmWC-1, among which 143 genes respond to light. Based on 270 ChIP-seq peaks, the binding site for CmWC-1 was identified as AAATCAGACCAC/GTGGTCTGATTT, differing from the binding site by the homolog in Neurospora crassa. Elucidating the mechanisms of light perception and signal transduction will be helpful for further research on the fruiting body development in edible fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Catalytic mechanism was elucidated from DFT calculations. • Origin of enantioselectivity and branch-regioselectivity were discussed thoroughly. And the TS interaction energy decided the enantioselectivity, and both the distorted energy of the NHPh group and the TS interaction energy were the key factors determining the branched regioselectivity. • Structure and reactivity of σ,η[ 3 ]-allyl cobalt species were discussed in detail. • The reactivity of racemic n-propyl allylic carbonates was similar, and (S)- n-propyl allylic carbonate was a little more reactive relative to (R)- n-propyl allylic carbonate. Cobalt-bisoxazolinephosphine-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective allylic amination of racemic n-propyl allylic carbonate and aniline was investigated by DFT calculations at the ωB97XD/6–31G(d,p) level (SDD for Co). The computational results revealed that cobalt-catalyzed allylic amination underwent mainly through oxidative addition of n-propyl allylic carbonate, coordination of aniline to cobalt, hydrogen migration, isomerization of allyl group, and reductive elimination. The oxidative addition of n-propyl allylic carbonate was the rate-determining step, the reductive elimination was the regioselectivity-limited and enantioselectivity-controlling step, and the most favorable product was of (R)-chirality, which was compatible with the experimental results. The oxidative addition, hydrogen migration, reductive elimination, and the reactivity of racemic n-propyl allylic carbonates were discussed at full length in this text. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The beneficial minerals for health, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Zn, Mn and Se were abundant in OS. • OS from Nagqu exhibited a relatively high quality with lower levels of Pb, Cd and As. • OS consumption posed no obvious risk to health within the specified ingestion rate. • Three OPLS-DA models based on mineral profiles can trace geographic origins of OS. Ophiocordyceps sinensis (OS) is a unique and precious medicinal fungus endemic to the Tibetan Plateau, growing underground for the majority of its lifecycle. The mineral composition of OS is a distinctive feature, yet there is currently a lack of comprehensive mineral profiles. The concerns regarding excessive heavy metals and associated health risks significantly impact the development of the OS industry. Furthermore, OS samples from various production areas exhibit distinct qualities, resulting in significant price differences. Mineral profiles hold great potential for origin tracing. Consequently, there is an urgent need for quality evaluation, health risk assessment, and geographic origin tracing of OS by mineral element analysis. Here, 96 OS samples were collected from the representative producing areas in China to investigate their mineral profiles by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Potassium (K) was found to be the most abundant mineral in the OS samples, with a mean content of 10.73 g/kg. High levels of phosphor (P), sulfur (S) and magnesium (Mg) were also detected with concentrations exceeding 1 g/kg. The mean concentrations of total arsenic in all OS samples were determined to be 8.33 mg/kg. The OS from Nagqu exhibited a relatively high quality with lower levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic. Health risk assessment based on the total target hazard quotient (THQ) value of heavy metals of Zn, Mn, Fe, copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), Pb and Cd indicated that consumption of OS from China did not pose an obvious risk to human health at the ingestion rate declared by the Chinese Pharmacopeia. Finally, three orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models were constructed using 75 samples to trace the geographic origins. These models successfully authenticated OS samples from six producing areas and confirmed by 21 blind test samples with 90.48 % accuracy. These results affirmed that OS from different regions possessed distinct metal profiles, which could be utilized to authenticate the geographic origins of O. sinensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Tracing geographical origins of Ophiocordyceps sinensis (OS) is an emerging challenge. • Nucleoside fingerprints or contents were unsuitable for the traceability of OS. • UPLC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics was first used to identify the origins of OS. • Significant features were screened for tracing OS by OPLS-DA with pairwise modeling. • The selected markers were validated by OPLS-DA models with blind test samples. Ophiocordyceps sinensis (OS), known as "soft gold", played an important role in local economic development. OS from different producing areas was difficult to be discriminated by the appearance. Nagqu OS, a distinguished and safeguarded geographical indication product, commands a premium price in market. The real claim of OS geographical origins is urgently required. Here, 81 OS samples were collected from Tibetan Plateau in China to explore markers for tracing origins. OS from Xigazê can be distinguished by dark color of head of caterpillar. Then 57 samples, a fully representative training-sample set, were used to set up OPLS-DA models by nontargeted metabolomics from UPLC-QTOF-MS. Certain markers were successfully identified and validation using 21 blind test samples confirmed that the markers can trace the geographical origin of OS, especially Nagqu samples. It was affirmed that UPLC-QTOF-MS-based untargeted metabolomics coupled with OPLS-DA was a reliable strategy to trace the geographical origins of OS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The atomically dispersed Pt/MgFe 2 O 4 catalysts with Pt loading of 1, 3 and 5 wt.% were prepared by a facile method. • Pt/MgFe 2 O 4 exhibits excellent cyclic stability for CO oxidation. • 5Pt/MgFe 2 O 4 is more active than 5Pt/Fe 2 O 3 and 5Pt/Al 2 O 3 for CO oxidation. • The deactivation of 1Pt/MgFe 2 O 4 and 3Pt/MgFe 2 O 4 during long-term reaction at 150 °C is caused by carbonates. Catalytic oxidation is an efficient way for removing low-concentration of toxic CO. The noble metal catalysts demonstrate outstanding catalytic properties in CO oxidation, but their high-cost present great challenges for further applications. Thus, developing atomically dispersed noble metal on support is a promising candidate because of the highest atom utilization efficiency. In this paper, a range of MgFe 2 O 4 supported atomically dispersed Pt catalysts with different Pt loading (1–5 wt.%) have been successfully developed by simple incipient wetness impregnation technique. The activity of Pt/MgFe 2 O 4 increases with Pt loading for CO oxidation. The catalytic activity of the 5Pt/MgFe 2 O 4 (T 50 = 102 °C, T 90 = 133 °C) is much better than that of the 5Pt/Fe 2 O 3 (T 50 = 132 °C, T 90 = 146 °C) and commonly used 5Pt/Al 2 O 3 with PtO x size of ∼1.6 nm (T 50 = 156 °C, T 90 = 163 °C) at WHSV of 30,000 mL h−1 g cat. −1. All Pt/MgFe 2 O 4 catalysts displayed superior cyclic stability throughout five consecutive heating–cooling cycles via a possible reaction mechanism of Mars–van Krevelen. The 1Pt/MgFe 2 O 4 and 3Pt/MgFe 2 O 4 were gradually deactivated in the long-term catalytic stability testing of 150 °C, and the activity could be fully restored after regeneration, suggesting that the catalysts deactivation was due to the formation of carbonates. These above results provide a useful reference for the development of advanced CO oxidation catalysts in the future. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune illness that renders individuals vulnerable to neuropsychopathology even in the euthyroid state, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. We hypothesized that activated microglia might disrupt synapses, resulting in cognitive disturbance in the context of euthyroid HT, and designed the present study to test this hypothesis.Methods: Experimental HT model was induced by immunizing NOD mice with thyroglobulin and adjuvant twice. Morris Water Maze was measured to determine mice spatial learning and memory. The synaptic parameters such as the synaptic density, synaptic ultrastructure and synaptic-markers (SYN and PSD95) as well as the interactions of microglia with synapses were also determined.Results: HT mice had poorer performance in Morris Water Maze than controls. Concurrently, HT resulted in a significant reduction in synapse density and ultrastructure damage, along with decreased synaptic puncta visualized by immunostaining with synaptophysin and PSD-95. In parallel, frontal activated microglia in euthyroid HT mice showed increased engulfment of PSD95 and EM revealed that the synaptic structures were visible within the microglia. These functional alterations in microglia corresponded to structural increases in their attachment to neuronal perikarya and a reduction in presynaptic terminals covering the neurons.Conclusion: Our results provide initial evidence that HT can induce synaptic loss in the euthyroid state with deficits might be attributable to activated microglia, which may underlie the deleterious effects of HT on spatial learning and memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early-life stress (ELS) can cause long-term effects on human health, ranging from adolescence to adulthood, and even to gerontic. Although clinical retrospective data suggest that ELS may be related to senile neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), there are few prospective investigations to explore its real contribution to PD. Here, we investigated the behavioral, histochemical, neuromorphological, and transcriptional changes induced by maternal separation (MS), an ELS model. Without neurotoxin, MS rats showed behavioral alterations in olfaction, locomotion, and gait characters after depression compared with control rats. Based on neuroimaging and histochemistry, although we found that the dopaminergic system in the striatum was impaired after MS, the decrease of striatal dopamine level was ~33%. Consistently, tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining positive neurons of MS rats in the substantia nigra showed deficit by about 20% in cell counting. Furthermore, using transcriptome sequencing, we discovered many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of MS rats in the striatum significantly enriched in the pathway of dopaminergic synapse, and the biological process of locomotion and neuromuscular process controlling balance. Encouragingly, some representative DEGs relating to PD were singled out. These results suggest that ELS-depression rats potentially mimic some key features of prodromal stage of PD during natural senescence. In conclusion, our findings provide some novel insights into the future pathogenesis and therapeutic studies for PD related to depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper represents the first study on the Xinzhai Culture pottery from Huadizui site, China using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), and petrographic. Huadizui pottery is considered to be produced locally, and the raw materials for making pottery come from the Xiaoqinling‐Xiong'er Mountain and Songshan Mountain chain. There are at least two or three clay sources or workshops in the Huadizui site, which is evidenced by petrographic characteristics and the chemical composition of samples. All of the investigated samples were mainly related to quartz and feldspar pellets. The corresponding relationship between the characteristics of the matrix and pottery categories reflects potters pursuing the function of vessels at that time. The range of firing temperature of almost all vessels is between 750 and 950°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge management systems (KMS) are computer‐based systems highly valued in business organizations because they support knowledge management (KM) processes. Most KMS have been developed using non‐intelligent computer technology—that is, DMS, CMS, DBMS, and CIS—, and thus, they cannot provide advanced capabilities. Consequently, enhanced KMS using intelligent technologies of ontologies with inference engines—called ontology‐based knowledge management systems (OKMS)—have been proposed in the last three decades. Nowadays, however, the implementation of OKMS in real‐world settings is still scarce. Lack of comprehensive and systematic development methodologies including Project Management and Technical Systems Engineering processes—as the Systems and Software Systems Engineering standards propose—have been suggested as a factor that inhibits OKMS implementations. In this study, we review the OKMS literature (1990–2021 period)—from six seminal studies located using a research search engine—to assess OKMS development methodologies that can be considered comprehensive and systematic. Five methodologies were identified and assessed using an evaluation subset from the ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2015 Systems and Software Engineering standard. Two of them—CommonKADS and NeON—were found with a high comprehensive and systematic level and both are suggested for organizations interested in OKMS implementations, but none of them qualified as agile, which is a current development approach for systems and software systems. Hence, further empirical research toward the realization of comprehensive and systematic OKMSs development methodologies, including agile versions, is suggested for fostering the implementation of OKMS in real‐world settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pressure ulcer (PU), also called pressure injury, is localized damage to the skin and underlying soft tissues, usually over bony prominences, as a result of sustained mechanical loads applied to the tissues. However, in many situations, complete off-loading of sacral PUs is not possible. Minimising the exposure of wounds and their surroundings to elevated mechanical loads is crucial for healing. We for the first time reported the application of Meipicang in the prevention and treatment of intraoperative pressure ulcers in elderly ICU patients with severe illness. We found that the pressure ulcer risk score (20.15 ± 2.17) in the dressing group after intervention was higher than that (17.42 ± 3.62) in the regular group. The incidence of pressure sores in the dressing group was 3.77% lower than the 18.88% in the regular group. The psychological concern score (31.41 ± 3.15) of the dressing group was higher than that (26.92 ± 3.43) of the regular group. The trust score (29.57 ± 2.61) of the dressing group was higher than the score (24.28 ± 2.29) of the regular group. The score of physiological problems in the dressing group (34.69 ± 3.82) is higher than that in the regular group (29.88 ± 3.54). The skin complication rate of the dressing group was 5.56% lower than that of the regular group (22.64%). The comfort score (92.46 ± 4.15) of the dressing group was higher than that (80.59 ± 5.43) of the regular group. The nursing satisfaction score (94.53 ± 3.72) of the dressing group was higher than that (81.79 ± 4.61) of the regular group. To conclude, in this study, we found that the Meipicang dressing can reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers in ICU patients with severe ICU and improve the comfort and nursing satisfaction of elderly ICU patients with severe ICU, which is worthy of promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Muirhead mean (MM) operators offer a flexible arrangement with its modifiable factors because of Muirhead's general structure. On the other hand, MM aggregation operators perform a significant role in conveying the magnitude level of options and characteristics. In this manuscript, the complex spherical fuzzy uncertain linguistic set (CSFULS), covering the grade of truth, abstinence, falsity, and their uncertain linguistic terms is proposed to accomplish with awkward and intricate data in actual life dilemmas. Furthermore, by using the MM aggregation operators with the CSFULS, the complex spherical fuzzy uncertain linguistic MM (CSFULMM), complex spherical fuzzy uncertain linguistic weighted MM (CSFULWMM), complex spherical fuzzy uncertain linguistic dual MM (CSFULDMM), complex spherical fuzzy uncertain linguistic dual weighted MM (CSFULDWMM) operators, and their important results are also elaborated with the help of some remarkable cases. Additionally, multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) based on the Multi-MOORA (Multi-Objective Optimization Based on a Ratio Analysis plus full multiplicative form), and proposed operators are developed. To determine the rationality and reliability of the elaborated approach, some numerical examples are illustrated. Finally, the supremacy and comparative analysis of the elaborated approaches with the help of graphical expressions are also developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dysregulation of gut microbiota contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes. To investigate the antidiabetic effect of Tangnaikang and its regulation of gut microbiota in diabetic KKAy mice, a type 2 diabetes mouse model was established by feeding KKAy mice with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 2 weeks. The diabetic KKAy mice were treated with vehicle, Acarbose, or different doses of Tangnaikang once a day for 8 weeks. The fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels and bodyweights were measured weekly. The fecal and blood samples were collected 8 weeks after treatment. The 16s rRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were conducted to explore the effects of Tangnaikang treatment on the richness, diversity, and relative abundance of gut microbiota. Compared with other treatments, high-dose Tangnaikang (4.68 g/kg) significantly reduced FPG levels while elevating bodyweights in model mice. Compared with saline treatment, different doses of Tangnaikang significantly increased gut microbial species richness and diversity. Linear discriminant analysis effect size identified potential bacterial biomarkers associated with Tangnaikang treatment. Relative abundance analysis revealed that Tangnaikang treatment modulated the abundance of gut bacteria at the class and genus levels, such as Bacilli, Lactobacillus, and Alistipes. The principal component analysis demonstrated that, compared with the samples of the high-dose group, the samples of medium-dose and low-dose groups were closer to those of the model group. Tangnaikang alleviated hyperglycemia and improved the composition and abundance of gut microbiota in diabetic KKAy mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have pointed out that sevoflurane (Sef) preconditioning could relieve myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, but the mechanisms is still unknown. Methods: C57BL/6 mice model of myocardial I/R injury was established to evaluate the function of Sef. Briefly, Sef was inhaled before I/R operation. The levels of TIMP3, oxidative damage-related factors, and mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway-related factors were measured by qRT-PCR and western blot. Myocardial infarction (MI) area was detected by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining assay. Results: Sef preconditioning reduced MI area in myocardial I/R injury mice and upregulated TIMP3 expression in myocardial tissues of I/R mice. In addition, downregulation of TIMP3 reversed the alleviating effects of Sef pretreatment on myocardial oxidative damage and inhibited the effect of Sef pretreatment on MAPKs pathway activity. Conclusion: Sef preconditioning ameliorated myocardial I/R injury by modulating MAPKs pathway activity via upregulating TIMP3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of combined treatment with compound fluocinolone acetonide cream and guaiazulene in patients with neurodermatitis. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 92 outpatient patients diagnosed with neurodermatitis at our dermatology department from January 2022 to December 2023. Using a random number table, these patients were evenly divided into a control group and an experimental group, with 46 individuals in each group. The control group received treatment with compound fluocinolone acetonide alone, while the experimental group additionally received oral guaiazulene tablets. Clinical symptom and sign scores, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, skin lesion itching scores, comprehensive efficacy, treatment onset time, adverse reactions, and quality of life were monitored, recorded, and compared. Results: In the 2-week treatment period, patients in the experimental group showed significant improvement in skin symptoms and signs, with scores significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, VAS and skin lesion itching scores in the experimental group were significantly reduced (P < 0.05), demonstrating a more pronounced therapeutic advantage compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Although the effective rate in the experimental group was as high as 86.96%, there was no significant advantage compared to the control group, and the difference in treatment efficacy was not significant (P > 0.05). The treatment onset time in the experimental group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and the incidence of adverse reactions was lower (P < 0.05). The quality of life in the experimental group improved significantly after treatment, with DLQI scores lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Combined treatment with compound fluocinolone acetonide cream and guaiazulene demonstrates excellent efficacy and feasibility in the management of neurodermatitis. Compared to standard treatment alone, it yields superior clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important carriers of signaling molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, and have become a focus of increasing interest due to their numerous physiological and pathological functions. For a long time, most studies on EV components focused on noncoding RNAs; however, in recent years, extracellular vesicle proteins (EVPs) have been found to play important roles in diagnosis, treatment, and drug resistance and thus have been considered favorable biomarkers and therapeutic targets for various tumors. In this review, we describe the general protocols of research on EVPs and summarize their multifaceted roles in precision medicine applications, including cancer diagnosis, dynamic monitoring of therapeutic efficacy, drug resistance research, tumor microenvironment interaction research, and anticancer drug delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reported herein is asymmetric [3+2] annulation of arylnitrones with different classes of alkynes catalyzed by chiral rhodium(III) complexes, with the nitrone acting as an electrophilic directing group. Three classes of chiral indenes/indenones have been effectively constructed, depending on the nature of the substrates. The coupling system features mild reaction conditions, excellent enantioselectivity, and high atom‐economy. In particular, the coupling of N‐benzylnitrones and different classes of sterically hindered alkynes afforded C−C or C−N atropochiral pentatomic biaryls with a C‐centered point‐chirality in excellent enantio‐ and diastereoselectivity (45 examples, average 95.6 % ee). These chiral center and axis are disposed in a distal fashion and they are constructed via two distinct migratory insertions that are stereo‐determining and are under catalyst control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reported herein is asymmetric [3+2] annulation of arylnitrones with different classes of alkynes catalyzed by chiral rhodium(III) complexes, with the nitrone acting as an electrophilic directing group. Three classes of chiral indenes/indenones have been effectively constructed, depending on the nature of the substrates. The coupling system features mild reaction conditions, excellent enantioselectivity, and high atom‐economy. In particular, the coupling of N‐benzylnitrones and different classes of sterically hindered alkynes afforded C−C or C−N atropochiral pentatomic biaryls with a C‐centered point‐chirality in excellent enantio‐ and diastereoselectivity (45 examples, average 95.6 % ee). These chiral center and axis are disposed in a distal fashion and they are constructed via two distinct migratory insertions that are stereo‐determining and are under catalyst control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Firing temperature is an essential indicator for the level of the manufacturing technology of ancient ceramics. Current techniques for measuring the firing temperature of ceramics are generally destructive and very complex. In this work, a series of celadon fragments were prepared at different firing temperatures (from 900 to 1,300°C) and studied by Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD results show that raw materials were dissolved and melted completely to form the glass matrix of a glaze above 1,100°C. Besides, the results of XRF and Raman tests demonstrate that CaO amounts in the glaze decrease significantly with the increase in firing temperatures, which is the main factor to influence the Si–O linkages, adjust Q1, Q2, and Q3–4 components, and modify the structure of the glass matrix during the firing process. The area ratios of the Si–O bending over stretching envelopes (A500/A1,000) of the glassy matrix have a negative correlation to the CaO amount. In contrast, the value has an apparent positive correlation to the firing temperature. The A500/A1,000 value of the glass matrix increases from 1.29 to 2.40 as the firing temperature increases from 1,100°C to 1,300°C. These results prove that Raman spectroscopy could be used as a feasible and reliable nondestructive method to establish a more accurate relationship between Raman spectral polymerization index and the firing temperature in order to identify the firing temperature of ancient ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Although its pathogenesis remains unclear, a number of studies indicate that microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation makes a great contribution to the pathogenesis of PD. Melatonin receptor 1 (MT1) is widely expressed in glia cells and neurons in substantia nigra (SN). Neuronal MT1 is a neuroprotective factor, but it remains largely unknown whether dysfunction of microglial MT1 is involved in the PD pathogenesis. Here, we found that MT1 was reduced in microglia of SN in 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐induced PD mouse model. Microglial MT1 activation dramatically inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced neuroinflammation, whereas loss of microglial MT1 aggravated it. Metabolic reprogramming of microglia was found to contribute to the anti‐inflammatory effects of MT1 activation. LPS‐induced excessive aerobic glycolysis and impaired oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) could be reversed by microglial MT1 activation. MT1 positively regulated pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha 1 (PDHA1) expression to enhance OXPHOS and suppress aerobic glycolysis. Furthermore, in LPS‐treated microglia, MT1 activation decreased the toxicity of conditioned media to the dopaminergic (DA) cell line MES23.5. Most importantly, the anti‐inflammatory effects of MT1 activation were observed in LPS‐stimulated mouse model. In general, our study demonstrates that MT1 activation inhibits LPS‐induced microglial activation through regulating its metabolic reprogramming, which provides a mechanistic insight for microglial MT1 in anti‐inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of cognitive impairment in adult-onset neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID).Methods: Seven patients with adult-onset NIID were collected consecutively from the memory clinic of Xuanwu hospital from February to December 2019. These cases were diagnosed with skin biopsy triggered by DWI high-intensity signals in corticomedullary junction on brain MRI. We used a battery of neuropsychological scales to detect the patient's performance in each cognitive domain, and made a detailed analysis on the characteristics of cognitive impairment.Results: All seven cases had cognitive impairment, and four of them had met the criteria for dementia. The scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Frontal Assessment Battery were abnormal in all patients. The executive dysfunction was confirmed by the abnormal scores of Trail Making Test (5/7, 71%) and Clock Drawing Test (4/7, 57%). Bad performance in Auditory Verbal Learning Test (6/7, 86%) demonstrated that the memory was also a very commonly impaired cognitive domain. The low score on the animal fluency (4/7, 57%), Boston Naming Test (3/7, 43%), and Pentagon and Cube Copying Test (4/7, 57%) indicated that the language and visuospatial skills were also impaired. Fazekas scores were significantly correlated to the global cognition, executive and language functions (r = 0.788-0.906, P < 0.05).Conclusions: There is obvious impairment in multiple cognitive domains in adult-onset NIID, and both the executive dysfunction and memory deficit are very common. Leukoencephalopathy may be the main course of cognitive impairment in adult-onset NIID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (18∼ 25 nt in length) that act as master regulators of eukaryotic gene expression. They might play an oncogenic or tumor-suppressive role in multiple cancers. In recent decades, several studies have focused on the functions and mechanisms of miR-335 in cancer. The expression level of miR-335 in tissues and cells varies with cancer types, and miR-335 has been proposed as a potential biomarker for the prognosis of cancer. Besides, miR-335 may serve as an oncogene or tumor suppressor via regulating different targets or pathways in tumor initiation, development, and metastasis. Furthermore, miR-335 also influences tumor microenvironment and drug sensitivity. MiR-335 is regulated by various factors such as lncRNAs and microRNAs. In this review, we reveal the functions and targets of miR-335 in various cancers and its potential application as a possible biomarker in prognostic judgment and treatment of malignant tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and practical method for the synthesis of 1-alkyl-5-methyl ester1,2,3-triazoles from low boiling point azides is demonstrated. The triazoles were constructed by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of methyl 3-(trimethylsilyl) propiolate with alkyl azides containing one to four carbons. To better handle the volatility of the alkyl azides, a flow chemistry method was developed to ensure a safer reaction. [Display omitted] A simple and practical method for the synthesis of 1-alkyl-5-methyl ester-1H-1,2,3-triazole-5-carboxylate from low boiling point azides is demonstrated. The triazoles were constructed by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of methyl 3-(trimethylsilyl) propiolate with alkyl azides containing one to four carbons. To better handle the volatility of the alkyl azides, a flow chemistry method was developed to ensure a safer reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]