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Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an extremely aggressive neuroendocrine tumor, accounting for approximated 13% of all lung cancer cases. SCLC is characterized by rapid growth and early metastasis. Despite marked improvements in the number and efficacy of targeted, therapeutic options and overall survival rates in SCLC have remained nearly unchanged for almost three decades. The lack of significant progress can be attributed to our poor understanding of the biology of SCLC. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors were recently approved as front-line therapies for SCLC, we still need to better understand the mechanisms responsible for the selective vulnerability of some SCLCs to these inhibitors. Recent work utilizing sequencing data and single cell analyses identified four distinct subsets of SCLC, based on the expression levels of the transcription factors ASCL1, NEUROD1, POU2F3 and YAP1. Each subset was found to have its own distinct biology and therapeutic vulnerabilities. However, these subsets appear to be phenotypically unstable, representing snapshots in the gradual evolution of a tumor that exhibits significant plasticity. Tumor evolution, a product of this plasticity, results in the emergence of significant intratumoral heterogeneity which plays an important role in multiple aspects of SCLC development and progression, including cell survival and proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis. The recent paradigm shifting discoveries in the biology of SCLC are now beginning to inform the design of new therapeutic strategies for the management of this intractable disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an extremely aggressive neuroendocrine tumor, accounting for approximated 13% of all lung cancer cases. SCLC is characterized by rapid growth and early metastasis. Despite marked improvements in the number and efficacy of targeted, therapeutic options and overall survival rates in SCLC have remained nearly unchanged for almost three decades. The lack of significant progress can be attributed to our poor understanding of the biology of SCLC. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors were recently approved as front-line therapies for SCLC, we still need to better understand the mechanisms responsible for the selective vulnerability of some SCLCs to these inhibitors. Recent work utilizing sequencing data and single cell analyses identified four distinct subsets of SCLC, based on the expression levels of the transcription factors ASCL1, NEUROD1, POU2F3 and YAP1. Each subset was found to have its own distinct biology and therapeutic vulnerabilities. However, these subsets appear to be phenotypically unstable, representing snapshots in the gradual evolution of a tumor that exhibits significant plasticity. Tumor evolution, a product of this plasticity, results in the emergence of significant intratumoral heterogeneity which plays an important role in multiple aspects of SCLC development and progression, including cell survival and proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis. The recent paradigm shifting discoveries in the biology of SCLC are now beginning to inform the design of new therapeutic strategies for the management of this intractable disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Algal biodiesel is one of the most promising renewable and eco-friendly source of energy for transportation, when algae is produced from wastewater. During the process, both goals of biodiesel production and wastewater treatment could be achieved simultaneously. However, the optimal condition for algae production remained unanswered. Algal biodiesel could be produced from various wastewater treatments. In this study the relationship between biomass production versus lipid productivity in various wastewater sources is statistically analyzed. Chemical oxidation demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and CO 2 sequestration could be achieved during the production of different algal biomass in numerous type of wastewater effluent. The regression of different system models and interpretation of linear coefficients were represented in this statistically approached studies. Apart from that the paper also discuss the uncertainty of linear regressions using Monte Carlo method, influence of physical parameters on biomass production, energy potential and efficiency of nutrient removal using different phototrophic systems. Highlights • The biomass production versus lipid productivity of various algal biomass in wastewater sources is statistically analyzed. • Influence nutrients amount and CO2 sequestration during the production of algal biomass in wastewater sources are studied. • The regression analysis of various system models and interpretation of linear coefficients are examined. • It confers uncertainty of linear regressions using Monte Carlo method, the effect of physical factors on algal production. • The nutrient removal efficiency and energy potential of different phototrophic systems are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Application of COD loading factor (L COD) to derive optimum H2O2 dose was examined. [•] Organic matter removal efficiency was linearly dependent on L COD. [•] L COD of 0.75 was determined to be the optimum L COD for leachate treatment. [•] Using L COD to select H2O2 dose may reduce task of performing multiple experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previously we have shown that, unlike wild-type mice (WT), heme oxygenase-1 knockout (HO-1-/-) mice developed nitrate tolerance and were not protected from inflammation caused by ischemiareperfusion (I/R) when preconditioned with a H2S donor. We hypothesized that stimulation (with BAY 41-2272) or activation (with BAY 60-2770) of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) would precondition HO-1-/- mice against an inflammatory effect of I/R and increase arterial nitrate responses. Intravital fluorescence microscopy was used to visualize leukocyte rolling and adhesion to postcapillary venules of the small intestine in anesthetized mice. Relaxation to ACh and BAY compounds was measured on superior mesenteric arteries isolated after I/R protocols. Preconditioning with either BAY compound 10 min (early phase) or 24 h (late phase) before I/R reduced postischemic leukocyte rolling and adhesion to sham control levels and increased superior mesenteric artery responses to ACh, sodium nitroprusside, and BAY 41-2272 in WT and HO-1-/- mice. Late-phase preconditioning with BAY 60-2770 was maintained in HO-1-/- and endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout mice pretreated with an inhibitor (DL-propargylglycine) of enzymatically produced H2S. Pretreatment with BAY compounds also prevented the I/R increase in small intestinal TNF. We speculate that increasing sGC activity and related PKG acts downstream to H2S and disrupts signaling processes triggered by I/R in part by maintaining low cellular Ca2. In addition, BAY preconditioning did not increase sGC levels, yet increased the response to agents that act on reduced heme-containing sGC. Collectively these actions would contribute to increased nitrate sensitivity and vascular function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Optimal operating conditions observed by peer reviewed publications for Fenton oxidation of raw and biological and coagulation treated leachates were reviewed and statistically analyzed. For the first-stage Fenton oxidation, the optimal pH range of 2.5–4.5 was observed for raw and coagulation treated leachates with a median pH of 3.0, whereas, for biologically treated leachate the optimum pH range was 2.5–6.0 with a median pH of 4.2. Theoretically, the optimal ratio of H2O2/Fe2+ should be the ratio of rate constants of the reactions between OH radical with Fe2+ and H2O2, which is approximately 11; however, for leachate treatment, a median optimum relative dose of 1.8 (w/w) (3.0M/M) was observed. Biologically treated leachate showed relatively lower optimum ratio of H2O2/Fe2+ doses (median: 0.9 w/w) as compared to raw (median: 2.4 w/w) and coagulation treated (median: 2.8 w/w) leachate. Median absolute doses of H2O2 and Fe2+ were 1.2mg H2O2/mg of initial COD (COD0) and 0.9mg Fe2+/mg COD0, respectively and raw leachate required higher reagent doses compared to pretreated leachates. A universal Fenton oxidation relationship between COD removal efficiency (η) and COD loading factor (LCOD ) for landfill leachate treatment was developed. As LCOD increases from 0.03 to 72.0, η varies linearly as This robust linear relationship between LCOD and η holds for Fenton oxidation of raw as well as biological and coagulation treated leachates. The relationship was validated using Leave-one-out cross validation technique and errors in predicting η using LCOD were evaluated by applying Monte Carlo Simulation. As a result, the relationship can be used as a universal equation to predict Fenton treatment efficiency for a given COD0 loading in the range of 0.03–72.0 for landfill leachate treatment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Chlorinated Alkane (CA) is one of the major classes of Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) in chlorinated drinking water. Multi-multivariate regression methods have been used to develop Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) models between the Energy of the Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (ELUMO) and three molecular descriptors: namely, number of chlorine (NCl), number of carbon (NC) and the Energy of the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (EHOMO). Among different linear QSAR models, the most robust model is ELUMO=−0.1474NCl–0.003766NC+1.9528EHOMO+1.0664 (N=30, R2=0.956, F=188.498, RMSE=0.00762, P=0.000). The model is validated by using internal and external cross validation techniques. The model uncertainties are also quantified through the Bootstrapping and the Taylor methods. Among all the molecular descriptors, number of chlorine (NCl) contributes to the most to the ELUMO of chlorinated alkanes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

An oxidation kinetic model of trichloroethylene (TCE) by Fenton's reagent is developed based upon transition state theory. Hydroxylated active complexes are assumed to be the transition state after hydroxyl radicals have attacked the organic compound. The complex can either disproportionate into Cl‐ and the other products, or return to their original reactants. Because both hydroxyl radicals and the active complexes have extremely high reactivity, their steady‐state concentrations are assumed constant in developing the kinetic model. The model indicates that Fenton oxidation is first order with respect to the organic concentration. The degree of oxidation is dependent upon the dosage of H2O2 and Fe2+. Because H2O2 and Fe2+ can also react with hydroxyl radicals, neither of them should be overdosed if maximal reaction rate is to be achieved. Experiments have been conducted to obtain rate constants for three different chloroethylenes and chloroethane. It is found that the model is valid only for unsaturated aliphatic compounds such as TCEs. In addition, increasing chlorine content of the chlorinated compounds will decrease their reactivity in Fenton's oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The aim was to determine whether treatment with BAY 60-2770, a selective activator of oxidized soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), near the end of an ischemic event would prevent postischemic inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in wild-type (WT) and heme oxygenase-1 KO (HO-1-/-) mice. This protocol prevented increases in leukocyte rolling (LR) and adhesion (LA) to intestinal venules along with elevated TNFα and circulating neutrophil levels that accompany ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in both animal models. We further hypothesized that a component of BAY 60-2770 treatment involves maintenance of mitochondrial membrane integrity during I/R. Measurements on isolated enterocytes of calcein fluorescence (mitochondrial permeability) and JC-1 fluorescence ratio (mitochondrial membrane potential) were reduced by I/R, indicating formation of mitochondrial permeability transition pores (mPTP). These effects were abrogated by BAY 60-2770 as well as cyclosporin A and SB-216763, which prevented mPTP opening and inhibited glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), respectively. Western blots of WT and HO-1-/- enterocytes indicated that GSK-3β phosphorylation on Ser9 (inhibitory site) was reduced by half following I/R alone (increased GSK-3β activity) and increased by one-third (reduced GSK-3β activity) following BAY 60-2770. Other investigators have associated phosphorylation of the GSK-3β substrate cyclophilin D (pCyPD) with mPTP formation. We observed a 60% increase in pCyPD after I/R, whereas BAY 60-2770 treatment of sham and I/R groups reduced pCyPD by about 20%. In conclusion, selective activation of oxidized sGC of WT and HO-1-/- during ischemia protects against I/Rinduced inflammation and preserves mucosal integrity in part by reducing pCyPD production and mPTP formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to comply with the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive's, Water Framework Directive's, Helsinki Commission and Estonian National Wastewater Treatment requirements to reveal the wastewater pressures and impacts on the receiving water, the aim of this work was to develop optimal Estonian Nutrient Discharge Standards for wastewater treatment plants. Wastewater treatment plants treatment efficiency, total pollution load coming from different size of treatment plants and feasibility for stricter treatment requirements and accompanying socioeconomic impacts are evaluated with consideration of environmental benefits, brought by the investment. Limit values for small-scale (below 2000 population equivalent) treatment plants were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature published in 2011 and early 2012 related to food processing wastes treatment for industrial applications is reviewed. This review is a subsection of the Treatment Systems section of the annual Water Environment Federation literature review and covers the following food processing industries and applications: general, meat and poultry, fruits and vegetables, dairy and beverage, and anaerobic treatment of food wastes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature published in 2018 and literature published in 2019 related to food‐processing wastes treatment for industrial applications are reviewed. This review is a subsection of the Treatment Systems section of the annual Water Environment Federation literature review and covers the following food‐processing industries and applications: general, meat and poultry, fruits and vegetables, dairy and beverage, and miscellaneous treatment of food wastes. Practitioner points: This article summarizes literature reviews published in 2018 and in 2019 related to food processing wastes treatment for industrial applications are reviewed.This review is a subsection of the Treatment Systems section of the annual Water Environment Federation literature review and covers the following food processing industries and applications: general, meat and poultry, fruits and vegetables, dairy and beverage, and miscellaneous treatment of food wastes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature published in 2017 and early 2018 related to food processing wastes treatment for industrial applications are reviewed. This review is a subsection of the Treatment Systems section of the annual Water Environment Federation literature review and covers the following food processing industries and applications: general, meat and poultry, fruits and vegetables, dairy and beverage, and miscellaneous treatment of food wastes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature published in 2016 and early 2017 related to food processing wastes treatment for industrial applications are reviewed. This review is a subsection of the Treatment Systems section of the annual Water Environment Federation literature review and covers the following food processing industries and applications: general, meat and poultry, fruits and vegetables, dairy and beverage, and miscellaneous treatment of food wastes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature published in 2015 and early 2016 related to food processing wastes treatment for industrial applications are reviewed. This review is a subsection of the Treatment Systems section of the annual Water Environment Federation literature review and covers the following food processing industries and applications: general, meat and poultry, fruits and vegetables, dairy and beverage and miscellaneous treatment of food wastes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulphate tailings and iron sand – industrial solid wastes containing iron oxide/hydroxides – were investigated as potential adsorbents for arsenic removal from water. Two effective methods of surface modification by NaOH treatment and atomic layer deposition of TiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 thin films were used for increasing As(III) and As(V) removal capacities of both adsorbents. The structure and surface area of the materials were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, middle infrared region spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption. The iron sand waste was capable of binding significant amounts of As(III) and As(V) from synthetic solutions and wastewater. The sulphate tailings also showed a high adsorption capacity. Adsorption kinetics showed that equilibrium was reached within 240 min and fit to a pseudo second-order model with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99. Adsorption capacity was at the highest value at a solution pH range of 6–8. The Langmuir and Toth models can be used to fit the adsorption isotherms. The research showed that the proposed solid wastes can be successfully used for the adsorption of As(III) and As(V). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature published in 2014 and early 2015 related to food processing wastes treatment for industrial applications are reviewed. This review is a subsection of the Treatment Systems section of the annual Water Environment Federation literature review and covers the following food processing industries and applications: general, meat and poultry, fruits and vegetables, dairy and beverage, and miscellaneous treatment of food wastes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper describes a greenand economic approach to exploreEDTA/DTPA-functionalized magnetic chitosan as adsorbents for the removalof aqueous metal ions, such as Cd(II), Pb(II), Co(II), and Ni(II).EDTA and DTPA play roles not only as cross-linkers but also as functionalgroups in chelating metal ions. The morphology, structure, and propertyof the magnetic adsorbents were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, EDS,FT-IR, TGA, and VSM techniques. Their adsorption properties for theremoval of metal ions by varying experimental conditions were alsoinvestigated. The kinetic results revealed that the transportationof adsorbates from the bulk phase to the exterior surface of adsorbentswas the rate-controlling step. The obtained maximum adsorption capacitiesof magnetic adsorbents for the metal ions ranged from 0.878 to 1.561mmol g–1. Bi-Langmuir and Sips isotherm models fittingwell to the experimental data revealed the surface heterogeneity ofthe adsorbents. More significantly, the resulting EDTA-/DTPA-cross-linkedmagnetic chitosan adsorbents had selectivity to Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, andNi from a practical industrial effluent. Furthermore, their good reusabilityand convenient magnetic separation makes them viable alternativesfor real wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature published in 2013 and early 2014 related to food processing wastes treatment for industrial applications is reviewed. This review is a subsection of the Treatment Systems section of the annual Water Environment Federation literature review and covers the following food processing industries and applications: general, meat and poultry, fruits and vegetables, dairy and beverage, and miscellaneous treatment of food wastes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Mixed metal oxide (MMO) electrodes have been applied to different technologies including chlorine production, organic compounds oxidation, water electrolysis, electroplating, etc. due to their catalytic, optical and electronic properties. Most of the existing MMO electrodes contain either toxic metals or precious metals of the platinum group. The aim of this study was to develop environmentally friendly and cost-effective MMO electrodes for water and organic compounds oxidation. Ti/Ta2O5-SnO2 electrodes of different nominal composition were prepared, and electrochemically and physically characterized. For water oxidation, Ti/SnO2 electrode with 5 at.% of Ta produced the highest electroactivity. Ti/SnO2 electrode with 7.5 at.% of Ta showed the best performance for the oxidation of methylene blue (MB). The electrocatalytic activity of the Ti/Ta2O5-SnO2 electrodes increased with the number of active layers. The maximum current of water oxidation reached 3.5mA at 2.5V when the electrode was covered with ten layers of Ta2O5. In case of the oxidation of 0.1mM MB, eight and ten active layers of Ta2O5 significantly increased the electrode activity. The prepared electrodes have been found applicable for both water electrolysis and organic compounds oxidation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Literature published in 2012 and early 2013 related to food processing wastes treatment for industrial applications is reviewed. This review is a subsection of the Treatment Systems section of the annual Water Environment Federation literature review and covers the following food processing industries and applications: general, meat and poultry, fruits and vegetables, dairy and beverage, and anaerobic treatment of food wastes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature published in 2010 and early 2011 related to food processing wastes treatment for industrial applications is reviewed. This review is a subsection of the Treatment Systems section of the annual Water Environment Federation literature review and covers the following food processing industries and applications: meat and poultry, fruits and vegetables, seafood, dairy and beverage, and anaerobic treatment, biological and physicalchemical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature published in 2009 and early 2010 related to food processing wastes treatment for industrial applications is reviewed. This review is a subsection of the Treatment Systems section of the annual Water Environment Federation literature review and covers the following food processing industries and applications: meat and poultry, fruits and vegetables, seafood, dairy and beverage, anaerobic treatment of food wastes, and physicochemical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature published in 2008 related to food processing wastes treatment for industrial applications is reviewed. This review is a subsection of the Treatment Systems section of the annual Water Environment Federation literature review and covers the following food processing industries and applications: meat and poultry, fruits and vegetables, seafood, dairy and beverage, anaerobic treatment of food wastes, and physicochemical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of the literature published in 2007 related to food processing wastes treatment for industrial applications is presented. This review is a subsection of the Treatment Systems section of the annual Water Environment Federation literature review and covers the following food processing industries and applications: meat and poultry, fruits and vegetables, beneficial reuse of waste, seafood, miscellaneous, dairy and beverage, physicochemical methods, coagulation and oxidation, metal contamination, and computer modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The eutrophication of the Sulej6w reservoir dam in Poland is connected with the problem of toxicity of cyanobacterial blooming (blue-green algal blooming). The main species responsible for hepatotoxic "algal bloom" formation is Microcystis aeruginosa. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of the toxic cyanobacterial extract containing microcystins on the growth and morphology of a water plant (Spirodela oligorrhiza) and animal cells (rat hepatocytes). A higher concentration of cyanobacterial extract (MC-LR = 343 μg/dm3) reduced the number of fronds by about 50% in comparison with the control. The extract affected the reduction mass of fronds and the concentration of chlorophyll. The activity of the constitutive acid phosphatase decreased. The first morphological changes in rat hepatocytes typical of apoptosis were observed after 30 minutes of incubation with the cyanobacterial extract. The hepatocytes underwent cell membrane blebbing (MC-LR = 100 gg/dm³). The next 30 minutes of incubation caused an increase in the percentage of deforming cells of more than 50% (MC-LR = 100 μg/dm3). High chromatin condensation and apoptotic bodes were observed in 90% of cells after 120 minutes (MC-LR > 500 μg/dm3). The results of studies confirm the high toxic and cytotoxic effect of blue-green algal blooming from Sulcj6w reservoir on both plants and animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fan case in a jet engine is a heavy structure because of its size and because of the requirement that it contain a blade released during engine operation. Composite materials offer the potential for reducing the weight of the case. Efficient design, test, and analysis methods are needed to efficiently evaluate the large number of potential composite materials and design concepts. The type of damage expected in a composite case under blade-out conditions was evaluated using a subscale test in which a glass/epoxy composite half-ring target was impacted with a wedge-shaped titanium projectile. Fiber shearing occurred near points of contact between the projectile and target. Delamination and tearing occurred on a larger scale. These damage modes were reproduced in a simpler test in which flat glass/epoxy composites were impacted with a blunt cylindrical projectile. A surface layer of ceramic eliminated fiber shear fracture but did not reduce delamination. Tests on 3D woven carbon/epoxy composites indicated that transverse reinforcement is effective in reducing delamination. A 91-cm (36 in.) diameter full-ring subcomponent was proposed for larger scale testing of these and other composite concepts. Explicit, transient, finite-element analyses indicated that a full-ring test is needed to simulate complete impact dynamics, but simpler tests using smaller ring sections are adequate when the evaluation of initial impact damage is the primary concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Effects of HTP on the co-digestion of FW and CC were cleared. • HTP reduces the crystallinity of cellulose. • Properly increasing the proportion of FW can promote the process of acidogenesis. • Participation of FW relieved the negative effects of HTP. • HTP can enhance methane yields i n co-digestion. Anaerobic co-digestion of lignocellulosic biomass and food waste (FW) has been extensively applied. However, whether hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP) of lignocellulosic biomass can enhance the performance in co-digestion deserves further investigation. In this study, corn cob (CC) was adopted as a typical lignocellulosic biomass for co-digestion with FW at different VS ratios of 1:3 (S1–S4) and 1:6 (S5–S8), attempting to evaluate the effect of HTP of CC at different temperature gradients (125, 150 and 175 °C) on the co-digestion performance. The emphasis was placed on hydrolysis, acidification and methanogenesis for different feedstock conditions. Results illustrated that the HTP had a certain destroying effect on the lignocellulose structure in CC and the crystallinity of cellulose decreased, significantly facilitating its co-digestion with FW. For FW/CC co-digestion at the VS ratio of 1:3, the S3 group (CC was pretreated at 150 °C) reached the maximum cumulative biogas yield (CBY) of 4660 mL and the maximum specific methane yield (SMY) of 316.9 mL/g·VS. Moreover, at 1:6, S7 group (pretreated at 150 °C) exhibited the optimal CBY of 4100 mL while achieving the SMY of 277.6 mL/g·VS among the digesters, indicating that the co-digestion of pretreated CC and FW could achieve higher methane production, and 150 °C refers to the optimal pretreatment temperature. Moreover, the peak values of the accumulated VFAs in digesters S1–S4 (2000–3000 mg/L) is higher than that in digesters S5–S8 (800–1500 mg/L). As suggested from microbial community and diversity date, the HTP expedited the enrichment of system hydrolyzing and acidogenic bacteria. These results are significant and provide certain guidance for optimizing the co-digestion of FW and CC in actual engineering. Unlabelled Image [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the effects of acid/alkali pretreatments on wheat straw mono-digestion and its co-digestion with waste activated sludge (WAS). The effects of pretreatment conditions on different anaerobic digestion (AD) stages (hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis) were discussed. At first, this study analyzed the impacts of acid/alkali pretreatments on wheat straw morphology, lignocellulosic components and evaluated these impacts on subsequent AD process by SEM, XRD, FT-IR and 3D-EEM analysis. The results of AD process showed that both acid and alkali pretreatments can enhance the hydrolytic performance of substrates. W12 (0.01 mol/L NaOH pretreated wheat straw mono-digestion) obtained the highest cumulative specific methane yield (CSMY) of 227.4 mL/g·VS. However, due to the formation of humic substances in liquid fraction, 0.1 mol/L NaOH pretreated wheat straw (W13) presented inhibition in converting propionic acid into acetic acid process. Co-digestion with sludge can relieve this inhibition and obtain the highest CSMY of 221.4 mL/g·VS. This study also exhibited the effects of pretreatments on microbial community and diversity: the inhibition of acetogens in AD process was revealed. Eventually, this study summarizes the positive and negative effects of acid/alkali pretreatments on the different digestive stages, aiming to provide references for future research and engineering implementation. • The effects of acid/alkali pretreatments on mono-/co-digestion were evaluated. • Both acid and alkali pretreatments enhanced the hydrolytic performance of straw. • Alkali pretreatment of wheat straw inhibited the activities of acetogens. • Co-digestion with sludge relieved the negative effects caused by pretreatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]