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This article presents a novel measurement and analysis of electromagnetic (EM) information leakage from printed circuit board (PCB) power delivery network (PDN) of cryptographic devices. We propose an accurate EM information leakage analysis method based on a correlation electromagnetic analysis (CEMA) considering advanced encryption standard (AES) operation cycles and clock frequency. We measure field distribution on the PCB level AES core PDN and conduct the proposed analysis method to derive the information leakage maps. For the first time, we verified that the EM information leakage depends on the intensity of dominant field distribution on the PCB PDN using the proposed method. We validated that the whole secret key information can be extracted from locations in the PCB PDN distant from the cryptographic integrated circuit where a specific field is dominant due to the physical structure of the PCB PDN. Based on the measurement and analysis results, we discuss an efficient EM information leakage evaluation method based on the dominant field radiation. We evaluate the EM information leakage from the decoupling capacitor in the backside of the PCB. Finally, we propose a design methodology to suppress the EM information leakage from the PCB PDN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erosive or ulcerative features on the body surface, especially skin lesions on the head, have been reported as the major clinical signs of I O. humicola i infection in Japanese marine cultured fish (Wada et al., [3], [4]). The fish after the experimental infection tended to die at the category of small fish meaning a younger age category ( I p i < .01). The gross and histopathological features found in the fish experimentally infected with I O. humicola i were similar to those found in naturally infected fish (Wada et al., [3]), indicating that we succeeded in reproducing the signs of I O. humicola i infection in marbled rockfish. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract: The objective of this study was to locate the functional region responsible for the chemotaxis-inducing activity of flounder interleukin 8 (IL-8), which lacks the glutamic acid–leucine–arginine (ELR) motif essential for the induction of neutrophil migration by mammalian IL-8. Using a human cell line, we produced a secretory recombinant protein of flounder IL-8, and analyzed its chemotaxis-inducing activity on leukocytes collected from the flounder kidney. The recombinant IL-8 induced significant migration in neutrophils, which were morphologically and functionally characterized. Using the Edman degradation method, the N-terminal amino acid sequence of rIL-8 was identified as VSLRSLGV. To examine the significance of the N-terminal region for the bioactivity of flounder IL-8, we prepared several recombinant proteins that containing mutations at the N-terminus. Modification of three residues (residues 9–11: serine–leucine–histidine) corresponding in position to the ELR motif in mammalian IL-8 did not reduce its chemotaxis-inducing activity. However, deletion of the first six or more residues significantly reduced its chemotaxis-inducing activity. We propose that residue 6 (leucine) at the N-terminus is important for the chemotaxis-inducing activity of flounder IL-8. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Studies the Ochroconis humicola fungal infection in red sea bream Pagrus major and marbled rockfish Sebastiscus marmoratus that were cultured in Japan. Clinical cases associated with Ochroconis humicola found in a new host species; Analysis of pertinent topics and relevant issues; Implications on fisheries science.

Mycobacterium marinum is a slow‐growing, photochromogenic nontuberculous mycobacterium, which can cause mycobacteriosis in various animals, including humans. Several cases of fish mycobacteriosis have been reported to date. Mycobacterium marinum has also been isolated from aquatic environmental sources such as water, sand, biofilms, and plants in the natural environments. Hence, we hypothesized that a wide variety of sources could be involved in the transmission of M. marinum. In this study, we tested this hypothesis by isolating M. marinum from various sources such as fish, invertebrates, seagrass, periphytons, biofilms, sand, and/or water in two aquaria in Japan and conducting a phylogenetic analysis based on single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using whole‐genome sequences of the isolated strains. The analysis revealed that the strains from animal and environmental sources belonged to the same clusters. This molecular‐based study epidemiologically confirmed that various sources, including fish, invertebrates, and environmental sources, could be involved in transmission of M. marinum in a closed‐rearing environment. This is the first report where M. marinum was isolated from different sources, and various transmission routes were confirmed in actual cases, which provided essential information to improve the epidemiology of M. marinum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mycobacterium marinum is a prevalent nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM)‐infecting teleosts. Conversely, little is known about mycobacteriosis in elasmobranchs, and M. marinum infection has never been reported from the subclass. This study investigated the histopathological characteristics and localization of this mycobacterium through molecular analysis of two captive sharks, a scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini and a Japanese bullhead shark Heterodontus japonicus, exhibited in the same aquarium tank. We detected genital mycobacteriosis caused by M. marinum infection using molecular analyses, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing targeting the 60 kDa heat‐shock protein gene (hsp65), and peptide nucleic acid–fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA‐FISH) targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Both sharks showed granulomas in connective tissues of the gonads without central necrosis or surrounding fibrous capsules, which is unlike the typical mycobacterial granulomas seen in teleosts. This study reveals that elasmobranchs can be aquatic hosts of M. marinum. Because M. marinum is a representative waterborne NTM and a potential zoonotic agent, cautious and intensive research is needed to overcome a lack of data on the relationship between NTM and the aquatic environment in association with this subclass of Chondrichthyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

species of Aphanomyces was isolated from juvenile soft-shelled turtles, Pelodiscus sinensis, cultured in Japan. Typically, an infected turtle showed small whitish maculae on the carapace. Many hyphae were observed in the epidermis. The hyphae were isolated using glucose-yeast (GY) agar plates. The morphological characteristics were very similar to those of Aphanomyces laevis, but a clear nuclear spot was observed in the center of the oospore in the strains isolated from the soft-shelled turtles. The optimal growth temperature for the isolates was 25-30°C and the optimum pH was 6-9. Experimental infection tests with isolates produced small whitish maculae on the carapace, and soft-shelled turtles artificially infected with the zoospores showed high mortality, especially in the high-dose group. Phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) indicated that the isolates from the soft-shelled turtles were unidentified species of Aphanomyces. As a result, the strain was described as a new species, Aphanomyces sinensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In-doped n-CdTe thin films have been electrodeposited at -0.35 V versus Ag/AgCl from a nitric acid solution of pH 1 containing 0.05 mol/dm3(M)Cd(NO3)2, 0.5 mM TeO2, and various concentrations of In(NO3)3. Deposited films were annealed at 350°C under N2 flow. The films were characterized with X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and a reflectance meter. The conductivity and the carrier concentration of the films were measured using the van der Pauw method and Hall effect measurement at room temperature. This is the first study to investigate the effect of the In(NO3)3 concentration on the composition, the crystallinity, and the electric properties of In-doped CdTe films prepared by electrodeposition. The conductivity of the CdTe films linearly increases from 9.3 to 27.4 S/cm and the electron concentration [log(n/cm3)] increases from 3.9×1018 to 2.8×1019cm-3 as the In(NO3)3 concentration rises from 1×10-2 to 1×10-1M. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 164(3): 12– 18, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20673 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) including perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs) and perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) were analyzed in sediment samples taken from Ajifu Waterway in Osaka city, from Osaka Bay, and from Kagoshima Bay, as well as in fifteen seawater samples collected from Osaka Bay and coastal waters of Western Japan. In all sediment samples, only PFCAs were detected, and the highest concentration was determined in Ajifu Waterway, where ΣPFAA was 58990 ng kg −1 dry weight. The total concentrations of PFAAs in sea water samples ranged between the limit of quantification and 53.4 ng L −1 , and perfluorohexanoic acid was the most prevalent and had the highest concentration of 37 ng L −1 . The changes in the patterns and concentrations of PFAAs in Osaka Bay and coastal waters of Western Japan indicate that the PFAAs in surface waters are influenced by sources from Keihanshin Metropolitan Area, mainly the Yodo River basin, and the dilution effect which naturally occurs during their transport to the Pacific Ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this study, we aimed to identify the leukocyte population that expresses Fas ligand (FasL) in the Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The transcriptional activity of FasL was examined for the first time in the fish leukocytes. Transcription of the FasL gene in flounder leukocytes was significantly increased by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) treatment. All the leukocyte populations we tested possessed binding activity for PHA, but this was especially high in the lymphocyte population. However, the lymphocytes consisted of two subsets showing heterogeneity with respect to PHA binding, with the high-binding subset being surface IgM-negative. We also found that only the lymphocyte population showed a significant increase in the expression of the FasL gene after stimulation with PHA. In addition, only the lymphocyte subset showing high binding to PHA showed conspicuous expression of the FasL gene. This subset also had a CD3γ/δ (+), CD8α (+) and IgM heavy-chain (−) phenotype. These results suggested that lymphocytes with T-cell-like properties are FasL-expressing cells in the Japanese flounder. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]