The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is culturally and economically vital in Morocco. However, its sustainability is threatened by aridity and water scarcity. Studying its response to different irrigation strategies is crucial for sustainable cultivation and improved water use efficiency in the face of future drought events. This work aimed to study the responses of sap flow rate, physiological, and agronomic parameters of the Moroccan olive cultivar 'Menara' to Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) and Sustained Deficit Irrigation (SDI) strategies. Seven irrigation regimes were studied based on the sensitivity of phenological phases to water stress, distinguished as (SP) 'Sensitive Period' and (NP) 'Normal Period'. SP involves flowering (SP1) and oil synthesis to harvest (SP2), while NP relates to pit hardening. 'Menara' olive trees were subjected to four RDI treatments: T1 (SP 100- NP 70% ETc), T2 (SP 100- NP 60% ETc), T3 (SP 80- NP 70% ETc), and T4 (SP 80- NP 60% ETc), and two SDI treatments: T5 (70% ETc) and T6 (60% ETc), compared with control (T0) trees under full irrigation (100% ETc). In comparison to the control T0, the deficit irrigation treatments exhibited lower sap flow rates. Specifically, T1 and T2 experienced reductions of 10% and 19% in sap flow rates, respectively, attributed to a decrease in water application of 11% and 14% compared to T0. Despite this decline, T1 and T2 demonstrated fruit yields comparable to T0. Conversely, T4, which received 28% less irrigation, displayed a yield reduction of approximately 23% compared to T0 in 2022. Moreover, adverse effects were observed in Menara olive trees treated with T4 after two consecutive seasons of deficit irrigation in 2023, indicating that prolonged stress effects could be detrimental in subsequent years. T3, under RDI, showed resilience with a 13% reduction in production despite a 37% decrease in sap flow rate and a 24% water restriction. Conversely, T5 and T6, employing SDI, experienced significant yield declines of 50%, with reductions in water application of 30% and 40% and sap flow rate of 51% and 80%, respectively, in 2022. The alternate bearing pattern significantly impacts Menara olive production, as evidenced by reduced sap flow and yield in the "off" year of 2023, regardless of irrigation strategies. A strong correlation (R2 = 0.84) between sap flow and yield indicates that well-irrigated olive trees tend to transpire more, leading to higher yields. Stomatal conductance (gs) notably decreases with increased water deficit, with reductions of 8%, 12%, and 23% observed in T4, T5, and T6, respectively. Furthermore, a significant reduction in FV/FM, indicative of water stress, was observed with a 40% decrease in water supply in the T6 treatment group during both irrigation seasons in 2022 and 2023, with Fv/Fm reaching approximately 0.7. In general, Menara olive trees subjected to deficit irrigation, particularly under the T3 RDI treatment, showed the ability to adapt and cope with low water supply over time. However, the cumulative water shortage effect of the SDI treatment T6 resulted in a decline in both the agronomic and physiological performance of this cultivar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]