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Background: Trichoscopy is a noninvasive technique based on the analysis of hair structures and the scalp, which allows for early diagnosis of different forms of alopecia. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross‐sectional study in the Dermatology Department of Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González" in Monterrey, Northeastern Mexico. We included 25 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of leprosy. Ten dermoscopic characteristics were assessed in the eyebrows of these patients. Images of the medial and distal portions of the eyebrows were included. Cohen's kappa coefficient was used for the analysis of coherence between the findings of two dermatologists. Results: Of the 25 patients, 14 were male (56%) and 11 were female (44%), with a median age of 60.28 years (IQR: 40–87). The most common findings in the medial eyebrow included vellus hair (96%) and white‐yellowish structureless areas (84%). Furthermore, the most common features of the distal eyebrow included vellus hair (96%), white yellowish structureless areas (92%), and pinpoint white dots (92%). Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first of its kind to describe trichoscopy findings in different leprosy subtypes and classify them into medial and distal eyebrow findings, which seem to be the most affected areas. Identification of these changes is easier in the distal portion of the eyebrows in every subtype of leprosy. We also discovered new trichoscopic findings in the eyebrows: perifollicular hyperpigmentation and yellow dots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Psoriasis is strongly associated with insulin resistance (IR). Lipid profile disturbances and upregulation of enzymes crucial for fatty acid oxidation have been reported in patients with psoriasis. Mitochondrial ß‐oxidation is altered in patients with IR. Common mitochondrial dysfunction may be involved in the origin of both diseases. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate mitochondrial ß‐oxidation, intermediary metabolism, and mitochondrial content in psoriatic patients with or without IR and compare them to healthy controls. Methods: The participants were divided into three groups: (1) psoriasis and IR (n = 26); (2) psoriasis without IR (n = 17); and (3) healthy controls (n = 17). Quantification of amino acids and acylcarnitines (AC) by tandem mass spectrometry, determination of urinary organic acids by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and mitochondrial DNA quantification were performed in all groups. Results: When comparisons were made between the two psoriatic groups, no differences were found between: C5DC + C6OH, C16:1, Met/Leu, Met/Phe, C16:1/C16, and C5DC + C6OH/C4DC + C5OH ratios. Nine analytes were different: phenylalanine, Cit/Phe, and Cit/Tyr ratios, C0, C3, C5, C6DC, C16, and C18:1OH. There were no correlations between psoriasis area and severity index (PASI), body mass index (BMI) and duration of disease with ACs. A higher proportion of patients with psoriasis showed increased urine levels of uric acid and hippuric acid (p = 0.01). The mtDNA content was significantly higher in cases than in controls, with no differences between IR and non‐IR psoriatic patients. Conclusions: Psoriasis patients with and without IR have a different acylcarnitine profile reflecting impaired ß‐oxidation. A distinctive profile of acylcarnitines suggests an involvement of mitochondrial function associated with an increase in stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD) activity in psoriatic patients with and without IR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dear Editor, Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children and adolescents. CT imaging demonstrated multiple necrotic ganglionic conglomerates of 15 cm at the base of the neck in addition to axillary 14 × 10 × 9.8 cm, left cervical 4.5 × 3.6 cm, left subcarinal 3.5 × 3.1 cm, and hilum mediastinal 2.6 × 1.9 cm adenopathies. It usually presents as a facial asymptomatic nodule with progressive growth.4 It is commonly seen in male patients, but a recent literature review on primary cutaneous RMS found a slight female predominance in 33 cases (1 M: 1.4 F).5 Primary aRMS involving the skin is also extremely rare. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Castleman disease (CD) is a lymphoproliferative B‐cell disease that is diagnosed from lymphoid hyperplasia with vascular proliferation. Symptoms may include fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Cutaneous manifestations often may go unnoticed since little has been described in the literature regarding them. Materials and Methods: A search of CD with cutaneous manifestations was performed in PUBMED, ProQuest, Ovid, Scopus, EMBASE, and Medline. All articles included patients over 18 years of age with a diagnosis of CD and cutaneous manifestations. Results: A total of 68 articles were included. The most common cutaneous manifestations include paraneoplastic pemphigus and erythematous‐brown plaques, papules, or nodules. Patients presenting with these manifestations should always have a thorough physical exam, and clinicians should try to identify any palpable lymph nodes. A complete workup to rule out other neoplasias needs to be performed as well. Conclusions: A better understanding of these skin manifestations of CD may help physicians promptly diagnose and reconsider the path of diagnostic tests to identify this entity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of 12‑year‑old Mexican male diagnosed with bloom syndrome. Topics discussed include diagnosed with dolichocephaly, mandibular hypoplasia, and a high‑pitched voice; presence of uncommon tumors such as osteosarcoma, medulloblastoma, and Wilms' tumor; and also mentions severe growth retardation, dolichocephaly, and malar and mandibular hypoplasia in patients.

Dermatofibromas are a common finding in the daily clinical practice. Most lesions are found incidentally or because patients seek medical attention due to the aspect of the lesion. Rare variants of dermatofibroma such as aneurismatic or atrophic dermatofibroma can be encountered simultaneously; thus, these combined features may raise the possibility of other diagnoses to be considered. By providing diverse clinical and dermoscopic examples of dermatofibromas, we may prevent misdiagnosing these lesions. This case illustrates how two rare variants of dermatofibroma can coexist. Clinical presentation of dermatofibromas may vary greatly, and it is essential for dermatologists to recognize them clinically and dermoscopically before obtaining histopathological diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This skin depigmentation was initially described in 1984.2 Nevertheless, S&P depigmentation is under-recognized as a clinical sign to diagnose SSc.3 There are few studies in Hispanic patients with SSc that investigate this sign.4 Few publications mention this cutaneous finding as the first manifestation in patients with SSc.5 In this series, five patients had the S&P sign at the time of diagnosis B ( b Fig. Cutaneous manifestations are key to achieving an early diagnosis of the disease since they are the earliest signs to appear in these patients.1 The typical cutaneous features of the disease help guide physicians toward the correct diagnosis and treatment of the patient. Dear Editor, Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects connective tissue and involves multiple organs. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Anogenital warts are a common human papillomavirus infection. They cause emotional distress, especially when they are in the anogenital region. Cryotherapy is a first-line treatment. Previous clinical trials and case series have reported variable results with retinoids (isotretinoin) as adjuvant therapy. Objective: To determine the safety and efficacy of low-dose oral isotretinoin as adjuvant treatment of anogenital warts. Methods : Forty-six patients with anogenital warts were randomly assigned to isotretinoin + cryotherapy (n = 23) or only cryotherapy (n = 23). Patients were allocated via an interactive web-based randomization system. Evaluators were blinded to treatments. Isotretinoin 20 mg/daily + cryotherapy or cryotherapy were prescribed for 6 weeks. Patients were followed for 4 months. Genotyping of lesions was performed before treatment started. Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) were measured at the beginning and end of therapy. All patients completed the study. Results: Both Groups had 50% clearance at the end of treatment. Recurrence in the combined group was not significantly lower than in the cryotherapy group (P = 0.59). Improvement was observed in the DLQI of all patients in both groups (P = 0.001). No suicidal intention was detected with the C-SSRS. Two patients (one in each group) had liver function test abnormalities after treatment. Conclusion: Combined therapy showed a slight not significant efficacy for anogenital warts in Hispanic patients. Low-dose isotretinoin seems to be safe even when it is used with cryotherapy on anogenital warts. Trial registration: On April 25, 2019 with registration number DE19-00004, CONBIOÉTICA-19-CEI-001–20160404. Prospectively registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: adult; borrelia burgdorferi; facial hemiatrophy/aetiology; facial hemiatrophy/diagnosis; female; Lyme disease; syndrome EN adult borrelia burgdorferi facial hemiatrophy/aetiology facial hemiatrophy/diagnosis female Lyme disease syndrome e392 e394 3 11/14/22 20221101 NES 221101 Parry-Romberg syndrome (PRS) or progressive hemifacial atrophy was first described in 1825. This report intends to shine a light on the possibility of the coexistence of Lyme disease and the development of Parry-Romberg syndrome at older age. Adult, borrelia burgdorferi, female, Lyme disease, syndrome, facial hemiatrophy/aetiology, facial hemiatrophy/diagnosis. [Extracted from the article]

Background: There is limited evidence supporting the use of alternative treatments for patients with nonstable vitiligo. Objective: This study aimed to review the effects of oral mini‐pulse (OMP) therapy in the management of nonsegmental vitiligo. Methods: The following databases were searched between inception and May 2020 for relevant studies: Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and Embase. All randomized controlled trials that compared OMP therapy with any other active treatment or placebo for nonstable vitiligo were included. The Cochrane's risk of bias tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias (ROB) in selected studies, and the overall quality of evidence of each outcome was assessed using the Grading Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) system. Results: Four studies met our selection criteria. All of them were conducted in India and included 246 patients. OMP therapy included betamethasone or dexamethasone. The duration of treatment was 6 months in all studies. Up to 32% of patients achieved a repigmentation rate of >75% when OMP therapy was administered as monotherapy. No difference was observed between OMP therapy and other treatments in arresting the disease, and weight gain was the most frequent adverse effect. The overall ROB in all included studies was relatively high because of the randomization process, outcome measurement and informed selection of outcomes. Conclusion: Based on the findings of these studies, OMP therapy did not demonstrate additional value compared with other treatments. Hence, there is an urgent need to conduct high‐quality clinical trials to evaluate this therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermoscopic findings in umbilical granuloma are vascular polymorphism comprised of linear irregular and arborizing vessels with structureless areas distributed over a milky‐red background. The increase of angiogenesis and neovascularization is represented by the linear irregular and arborizing vessels. Structureless areas over an irregularly milky‐red background are originated by the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts, with capillary and granulation tissue formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an acquired thrombophilic disorder in which autoantibodies are produced against a variety of phospholipids and phospholipid-binding proteins. The purpose of this article is to review cutaneous findings in patients with APS diagnosis. An overview regarding prevalence, description, pathogenesis and histopathology, are described for cutaneous manifestations of APS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an acquired thrombophilic disorder in which autoantibodies are produced against a variety of phospholipids and phospholipid-binding proteins. The purpose of this article is to review cutaneous findings in patients with APS diagnosis. An overview regarding prevalence, description, pathogenesis and histopathology, are described for cutaneous manifestations of APS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on a study related to the study of consistency and reproducibility in the platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) preparation method. It mentions that PRP is an autologous hematological derivative, where high concentrations of platelets are obtained in a small volume of plasma, and the mechanism of action is probably due to the content of growth factors contained in platelets granules.

Stable segmental vitiligo treated with punch mini-grafts and narrow band UVB phototherapy The use of punch mini-grafts (1-2 mm) for the treatment of vitiligo is a useful procedure for patients with stable disease. Three patients in our clinic underwent this procedure with subsequent NB-UVB phototherapy, 2 weeks after placement of mini-grafts, with satisfactory results. [Extracted from the article]

4 Talsania N, Lamb B, Bewley A. vitiligo is more than skin deep: a survey of members of the vitiligo society. This is a great opportunity for dermatologists interested in vitiligo to reach a consensus and determine which scales will be the best suited to evaluate vitiligo, especially rapidly progressive vitiligo. 6 Patra S, Khaitan BK, Sharma VK, et al. a randomized comparative study of the effect of betamethasone oral mini-pulse therapy versus oral azathioprine in progressive nonsegmental vitiligo. [Extracted from the article]

Dermoscopy assisting the diagnosis of mycetoma: case report and literature review. Dermoscopy of mycetoma has white structures as the predominant feature, while white scale and yellowish structures were also consistent in our findings with available literature. Currently, descriptions of the dermoscopic features of mycetoma are limited to isolated case reports.3-5 We describe the dermoscopic structures and patterns of patients with actinomycetoma from our mycetoma clinic in northeast Mexico. [Extracted from the article]

Alopecia associated with ingestion of amphetamines has been reported occasionally. These drugs may act as a triggering factor to develop diffuse alopecia. We present a case of alopecia areata possibly linked to the ingestion of amphetamines. This case may provide evidence that amphetamines can also be a cause of alopecia areata in susceptible individuals. We intend to awaken an interest in the medication history of patients presenting with sudden diffuse alopecia areata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]